商务英语翻译英汉词汇

商务英语翻译技能等级考试英汉词汇表

（以英语字母顺序排序）

翻译员（五级）所要掌握的词汇为5

高级翻译员（四级）所要掌握的词汇为5+4

助理翻译师（三级）所要掌握的词汇为5+4+3

翻译师（二级）所要掌握的词汇为5+4+3+2

A

4 abandonment权力委托

5 absenteeism 旷工，旷职

2 absolute quota 绝对配额

3 absolute value 绝对值

5 absorb 吸收，减轻（冲击、困难等）作用或影响

3 absorb idle fund 吸收游资

5 abstract; brief 摘要

2 acceptance charge 承兑费

2 acceptance in blank不记名承兑

3 acceptance letter of credit 承兑信用证

3 acceptance sampling抽样认可

4 accepting bank; merchant bank承兑银行

4 access to market进入市场（的机会）

5 accident意外事故

3 accident beyond control无法控制的意外事故

3 accident insurance 意外事故保险

4 accidental damage 意外损坏

4 accommodation 设施；住宿；欠单

3 accord with the popular will and sentiments 顺民意；合民情5 account 会计帐目

4 account balance账户结金

5 account book账本（账册、账簿）

3 account executive 客户经理（常指广告公司）

5 account for 解释；说明

4 account number账目编号；账户号码

2 account rendered 结欠清单

5 account title账户名称

5 accountancy 会计工作；会计行业

5 accountant 会计

5 accountant general会计长

5 accounting 会计学

3 accounting archives会计档案

5 accounts 往来帐目

2 accounts being not in order账目不清

3 accounts payable应付账

4 accounts receivable应收账

2 accrued expenses; expenses payable; outstanding expenses 应付费用

4 accumulated capital累计资本

3 accumulation of capital 资本积累

2 accumulative commission 累计佣金

5 acquisition 收购

5 action plan 行动计划

2 activate the existing infrastructure assets 盘活基础设施存量资产

5 active demand 畅销

3 active improvement trade出口加工贸易

5 active stock成交活跃的股票

3 active trade balance; active balance of trade 贸易顺差

5 activity业务类型

3 actual cost 实际成本

4 actual delivery 实际交货

4 actual price时价；实际价格；实价

4 actual total loss实际全损

2 Ad (valorem tariff) 从价税

3 additional charges; extra charges 附加费用

4 additional investment 额外投资

2 additional premium 附加保险费

2 additional tax 追加税

2 address financial risks; guard against and defuse financial risks 防范和化解金融

风险

2 adequate demand 充分需求

4 adjust accounts核算

3 adjustment letter海损理算书

5 administration; implement 实施，经营，行政

4 administrative budget 行政预算；管理预算

2 administrative expenses行政开支；办公费

4 administrative protection 行政保护

5 advance charges预付费用

2 advance money on a contract 预付定金

4 advance sample预计货样

5 advance wages预付工资

4 advances on sales 预收货款

4 advantage of economies of scale 规模经营优势

3 adverse balance of trade贸易逆差

5 advertise 公布；做广告

5 advertising 广告业

3 Advice Bank通知行

3 advice of transfer of L/C信用证转让通知

3 advocacy group 吁请团，游说团体

2 after-sales service 售后服务

5 against order根据订单

3 against payment付款（交货）

4 aged debtors 长期债务人

4 agency agreement 代理协议

3 agency commission代理手续费

5 agenda议事日程

5 agent代理人

5 agent-service代理业务

4 aggregate demand 总需求

3 aggregate supply /demand 总供给/需求

4 agree text 议定文本

5 agreement 协定

4 agreement of intent意向协议书

5 agreement price协议价

2 agreement trade policy协定贸易政策

2 agricultural exhibition 农业展览会

2 agricultural protectionism 农业保护主义

4 air express 特快专递

4 air transport航空运输

3 airway bill 空运提单

3 All Risks 一切险

3 allocate the money for all spending 实报实销

3 allocated quota国外配额

3 allocation system 配额制

5 allotment; appropriation拨款

5 allowance 津贴

5 allowance; benefit 补助金

4 amalgamation; merger 合并（公司，企业等的）

5 ambition 野心

3 amendment of contract修改合同

3 amicable settlement between two parties 当事人之间私下和解5 amortization 摊销；摊还；分期偿付

5 amortize分期偿还

5 amount金额

4 amount deposited存款金额

4 amount in words大写金额

3 amount of funds available for distribution可支配资金

4 amount receivable 应收入金额

3 an annual rise of每年递增

3 analysis for credit purpose信用分析

5 annual accounts; annual report年度决算

3 annual general meeting 股东年会

5 annual interest 年息

2 annual interest rate年利率

4 annual premium年度保费

4 annual reckoning年度结算

5 annuitant年金受惠人

5 annuity年

2 annul a contract废除合同

5 anticipate期望

4 anticipated expenditure预付开支

2 anticipatory L/C预支信用证

3 antidumping duty 反倾销税

4 anti-dumping measures against 反倾销措施

4 anti-fake label 防伪标志

5 appeal 吸引力

5 appendix附件

4 applicable tariff rate 适用税率

5 applicant 申请人

4 applicant for the credit信用证申请人

2 application for amendment of L/C修改信用证申请书

3 application for letter of credit信用证申请书

5 apply for a job 求职, 找工作

3 appointed bank指定银行

5 appointee 被任命人

3 apportionment of expenses 分摊费用

2 appraisal of the fixed assets and the circulating funds asset and capital verification;

appraisal of properties and funds 清产核资

4 appraise at the current rate变价

3 appropriation for state investment国家投资拨款

5 aptitude 天资，才能

5 arbitrage套利

3 arbitral award 仲裁裁决

3 arbitral tribunal仲裁庭

5 arbitration 仲裁；仲裁条款

5 arrears; debt欠款

4 arrival draft已到汇票

3 article in great demand畅销货

5 article No. 货号

5 asking price索价

4 assembling on provided parts 来料装配

2 assembling trade来料装配贸易

4 assembly line work; serial production组装线工作

4 assembly-line 流水作业线；装配线

5 assess 估价；评定

5 asset 资产

5 assigned 过户

5 assignor; endorser 转让人

5 assortment 花色（搭配）

5 at current price按现价计算

5 attachment 附录

4 attract deposits; take deposits 吸收存款

2 attractive design款式新颖

5 auction price拍卖价格

5 audit 审计

4 audit procedure审计手续

4 audit report查账报告

2 audit standards审计标准

3 auditing accounts; examine and approve 核账

3 auditing body 审计机构

5 auditor-general审计员

5 autarchy闭关自守

4 authorized capital 额定投资；法定资本；核定资本4 authorized representative 授权代表

3 auto insurance 汽车保险

5 automate 使某事物自动操作

5 available capital 可用资产

5 average 平均水准；海损

3 average income 平均收入

3 average policy 海损保险单

4 average profit 平均利润

4 average profit rate on funds平均资金利润

3 aviation insurance 航空保险

2 avoid herd mentality 防止"一哄而起"

B

3 back order 拖欠订货；积压订货

4 back pay; back salary 欠付工资

4 backhander 贿赂

5 backing 财务支持

5 backlog 积压（工作或订货）

4 bad assets 呆滞资产

5 bad debt 死账（无法收回的欠款）

5 bad loan 坏帐、呆帐、死帐

4 bad packing包装不善

5 balance差额；收支差额

3 balance between cash receipts and payments 现金收支平衡

3 balance between income and expenditures收支平衡

4 balance in our favor我方受益

4 balance of international payments; international even and expenditure 国际收支3 balance of payments 贸易支付差额

3 balance of trade; trade gap贸易差额

4 balance sheet资产负债表

4 balanced budget平衡预算；收支平衡的预算

5 bale capacity包装容积

5 bale packing打包

3 bank acceptance; banker’s acceptance bill银行承兑汇票

5 bank accounting银行会计

2 bank cheque account银行支票账户

5 bank deposit银行存款

2 bank deposit certificate银行存款凭证

3 bank discount rate 银行贴现率

5 bank failures银行倒闭

4 bank interest银行利息

4 bank money order 银行汇款单

5 bank money; bank paper银行票据

5 bank note 钞票

3 bank of discount贴现银行

3 bank post remittance银行邮汇

5 bank rate银行利率

3 bank remittance; banker’s bill银行汇款

4 bank statement 银行结算清单（给帐户的），银行对账单

5 bank stock 银行股票

5 bankbook; deposit book存折

4 banker’s acceptance承兑信用证

4 banker’s letter of guarantee银行保证函

3 banker's letter of credit银行信用证

3 Banker's Letter of Guarantee 银行保证函

4 banking institution金融机构

5 banking; finance金融

5 bar chart柱状图

3 bare contract无条件契约

5 bargain讨价还价

3 bargain sale大减价

5 barter易货贸易

5 base price 基价

5 base wage; regular pay基本工资

5 basic wage 基础工资

2 basis of assessment 估税标准

4 batch production 批量生产；成批生产

3 be civic-minded 有公德心

4 be fair in buying and selling买卖公平

5 be in debt亏空

2 be nominated 待指定

5 be out of debt 不欠债

3 be paid by the hour 按小时付酬

4 be paid in full at the appointed time 到期全部付清

5 bear 空头

5 bear market 熊市

4 bearer cheque 不记名支票

3 bearer cheque, cheque payable to bearer 来人支票；无记名支票5 beat 胜过

4 beautiful design造型优美

2 beautiful in colors 色彩艳丽

3 bedrock / bottom price最低价

5 behave 运转

2 below-the-line advertising 线下广告，尚未被付款的广告

4 benchmark 衡量标准

4 beneficiary受益人

5 benefit 保险金得益

4 best-selling goods 畅销

2 bet asset value 资本净值

2 bicycle tax 自行车税

2 bid firm递实盘

4 bid up; raise up the price 抬价

3 bid; submission of tender 投标

4 bid-ask spreads买方出价与卖方要价之间的差价

5 bidding递盘

3 bidding invitation contract system 招标承包制

4 bilateral agreement双边协定

4 bilateral arrangements 双边安排

5 bilateral trade 双边贸易

5 bilateralism双边主义

5 bill broker; underwriter证券经纪人；保险商；承保人

3 bill drawn on a letter of credit 信用证汇票

5 bill due; outstanding accounts欠账

4 bill of entry报税通知单；报关单

2 bill of exchange, draft 汇票

3 bill of landing 提货单

5 bill; note票据；账单；纸币

5 billboard 广告牌；招贴板

5 black list 黑名单，禁止贸易的（货物、公司及个人）名单

4 black market operations黑市交易

3 black Monday 黑色星期一，指1987年10月国际股票市场崩溃的日子

4 blank cheque空白支票

4 blank form 空白格式

2 blockade and embargo封锁及禁运

2 Blue Chip Index 蓝筹股指数

5 blue chips 蓝筹股，绩优股

5 blue-collar 蓝领（工人）的

3 Board of Directors 董事会

2 bonded factory保税工厂

3 bonded warehouse保税仓库

5 bonds; debenture; negotiable securities债券

5 bonus; dividend红利；奖金

2 bonuses for topping quotas超额奖金

4 book balance 账面余额

4 book value 账面价值，（公司或股票）净值

5 book; place an order for 订购；订货

5 bookkeeper簿记员

5 bookkeeping簿记

5 books公司帐目

2 boom-and-bust cycle 经济繁荣与萧条交替循环

5 border trade; frontier trade边境贸易

4 borrow capital; debt capital借入资本

4 borrow money 借款

5 borrower借款人

3 bothsides clear 银货两讫

5 bottleneck瓶颈

4 bottleneck restrictions 瓶颈制约

5 bounce 支票因签发人无钱而遭拒付并退回

5 boycott抵制

5 brainstorm 头脑风暴；献计献策；点子会议

5 branch bank银行分行

5 brand 品牌

2 brand leader 占市场最大份额的品牌，名牌

2 brand loyalty 对品牌的忠实（指消费者）

3 breach of condition违反要件

4 breach of contract 违反合同；违约；不履行合同

3 breach of warranty违反随附条件

5 break暴跌

2 break even point 收支相抵点；盈亏平衡点

3 breakage clause破碎险条款

5 breakthrough 突破

2 bring new vigor and vitality into 注入新的生机与活力5 brochure小册子

5 broker经纪人

3 brokerage fee 经济人佣金

4 brokerage firm 经济商行

5 budget预算

4 budget allocations 预算拨款

5 budget control 预算控制

4 budget deficit预算赤字

4 budget in balance收支平衡的预算

3 budget limitation预算限度

5 budget program预算方案

5 budget proposal预算提案

3 budget surplus 预算盈余

4 budgetary expenditure 预算开支

4 budgetary requirement预算需要

2 budgetary resources预算经费

2 budgetary revenue 预算收入

5 budgeter预算编制人

4 buffer fund缓冲基金,平准基金

3 buffer inventory 用于应付突发性需求的存货

3 build a conservation-conscious society 建设节约型社会5 build up a reputation建立信誉

5 build up a market开辟市场

3 bulk capacity散装容积

5 bull多头

5 bull market牛市

2 burglary insurance 失窃保险

2 business accounting商业会计

2 business accounting at different levels分级核算

5 business budget企业预算

4 business card 名片

5 business center商业中心

5 business circle 工商业界

4 business connection商务关系

5 business cost; cost in business企业成本

5 business cycle 商业周期

4 business discussion业务洽谈

4 business forecasting商情预测

4 business insurance商业保险

4 business intelligence商业情报

5 business loan商业贷款

3 business negotiation交易磋商

3 business practice; commercialism商业惯例

5 business principle 经营原则

4 business recession 景气衰退

4 business report商务报告

4 business reputation商业信誉

3 business segregation, economy of scale 分业管理、规模经营5 business tax营业税

3 business trend商业趋势

5 business trust商业信托

2 business work discussion meeting商务工作座谈会

5 bust 破了产的

5 buy back返销

3 buyer's market 买方市场

4 buying and selling stocks 股票买卖；股票交易

3 buying for resale购货转销

4 buying long多头买升

4 buying offer买方发盘

5 buying power; purchasing power 购买力

3 buying rate 买入汇率

5 buying requisition 购货请求

5 buyout买下全部产权

5 by-product 副产品

C

4 C&F (cost and freight)成本加运费价（离岸加运费价）

2 cable reply 电复

3 CAD (computer aided design)计算机辅助设计

4 calculate on the base line 按原口径计算

3 calculated on the basis of their 按原价计算

4 calculated risk 预计风险

3 clear the market把市场供货一买而光

5 call on约请

2 calling up of capital催缴资本

4 cancel a contract撤销合同

4 cancel an order取消订单

4 canceled cheque已付支票

3 cancellation (of insurance)退保注销

5 candidate求职者，候选人

5 canvass 征求意见，劝说

5 capacity容积；生产额，（最大）产量

2 capacity inventory 用于将来某时使用的存货

4 capacity packing容量包装

3 capacity to pay; purchasing power支付能力

2 capital adequacy ratio资本充足率

4 capital and interest; principal and interest 本利

3 capital construction input; capital expenditure基本建设费用

3 capital consumption基本消耗

4 capital deficit资本亏空

2 capital financing提供资本

2 capital flight 资本外逃

5 capital flows; capital movement资本流动

3 capital fund投资资金；基本资金

2 capital gains资本收益

3 capital gains tax 资本收益税

4 capital goods 资本货物；生产资料

4 capital in general 一般资本

5 capital inflow 资本流入

5 capital market 资本市场

3 capital operation资本循环

2 Capital Spending Binge 资本投资狂潮

4 capital stock; equity capital股本；股本资本

2 capital structure资本结构

2 capital transactions资本交易

5 capital transfer 资本转移

2 capital turnover period资本周转期

5 capitalist economy 资本主义经济

4 capital expenditures资本支出

5 caption照片或图片下的简短说明

5 capture 赢得

2 card ledger 卡片分类账

4 cardinal number基数

2 cargo examination 验货

5 cargo in bag袋装货

3 cargo in bulk散装货

3 cargo in bundle困装货

4 cargo in case箱装货

3 cargo in coil; cargo in roll 卷装货

5 cargo in container 货柜货

4 cargo in drum 桶装货

2 cargo insurance货物保险

2 cargo receipt陆运收据

2 carry out a contract履行合同

5 carrying over结转

3 carrying stock 存积货物

3 carrying value 囤积价值

5 cartel卡特尔

5 case study 案例分析

5 cash 现金，现付款；兑现

5 cash account现金账

3 cash against documents凭单付现

4 cash assets 现金资本

5 cash book; cash journal现金出纳账

5 cash control现金管理

2 cash deposit保证金

4 cash dividend 现金配股

4 cash drains 现金外流

3 cash flow; movements of funds资金流动；现金流量

5 cash inflow现金收入

3 cash market现金市场

3 cash on delivery交货付款

2 cash on hand留存现金

3 cash out flows 现金流出

5 cash payment现金支出；现金付款

4 cash pledge押金

5 cash purchase 现金买卖

5 cash settlement现金结算

3 cash with order随订单付现

5 cashier; pay clerk 出纳员

3 catalog of articles for sale 销售产品目录

3 catalog price商品目录价格

5 catalogue 商品目录；产品目录

5 catastrophe大灾难

2 centralization of capital资本集中

5 CEO (chief executive officer); managing director总经理2 certificate for export of cultural relics文物出口证明书2 certificate of date of sailing开船证明书

2 certificate of departure from port 离岗证明书

2 certificate of itinerary 航程证明书

3 certificate of origin产地证明书

4 certificate of registry国籍证书

2 certificate of seaworthiness实行通知书

3 certified copy 经签证的副本

5 chain 连锁店

3 chain of command 控制链

5 challenger 挑战者

3 change the line of production 转产

5 channel 商品流通的渠道

4 channel discount特殊折扣

3 charges paid各费付讫

5 chart图表

4 charter （the chartered ship租船

3 cheat in work and cut down material偷工减料

4 check account 查账；盘账

2 check clearing 支票清算或结算

4 checking account; current-account holder支票账户

5 checkout 付款台

5 chequebook 支票簿,支票本

4 China’s Export Commodities Fair中国出口商品交易会

2 China-US Mediation Center 中美调停中心

3 Chinese-foreign joint venture enterprise中外合资经营企业

2 chronic inflation长期通货膨胀

3 CIC (China Insurance Clause)保险条例（中国人民保险公司）

3 CIF, c.i.f. 成本保险费加运费

2 CIF-cost, insurance and freight到岸价（成本加运费、保险费价）

3 circular flow of economy经济循环

5 circular 传阅的小册子（传单等）

3 circular credit / revolving L/C循环信用证

5 circulate 传阅

3 circulating capital, working capital流动资本

4 circulating funds流动基金

2 circulation of commodities商品流通

4 city development surcharge 城市建设附加费

5 claim 索赔

4 claims expenses索赔费用

4 classification of risk风险分级

3 clean / simple payment单纯支付

2 clean and efficient government 政府廉洁高效

3 clean bill光票

3 clean payment credit全部支付信用证

3 clear letter of credit无单据信用证

5 clearance结关

3 Clearing and Settlement Systems 清算及结算系统

5 closed shop限制行业（只允许本工会会员）

5 close-down停业

3 closing adjustment结账整理

5 closing date结账日期

5 closing price 收盘

2 co- insurance company公共保险公司

3 coast guard缉私人员

5 cold生意清淡的；没人找上门来的

5 collaborator合作者

3 collateral security证券抵押品

4 collect fees arbitrarily 乱收费用

5 collect money集资

5 collect; levy征收

4 collection of duty 征收关税

4 collection of duty short paid; cover deficit by state subsidies补税2 collection system 拖收系统

4 collective agreement 工会代表工人与资方代表达成的

4 collective bargaining 劳资双方就工资等问题谈判

5 collective commerce 集体商业

4 collective discussion共同商议

5 collective economy 集体经济

4 collective investment集资入股

2 color brilliancy色泽光润

5 colorful五彩缤纷

3 combat the global economic slump 抵抗全球经济衰退

4 combination budget混合预算

2 combined certificate联合凭证

4 combined transport 联运

2 commercial paper商业票据

2 commercial acceptance bill商业承兑汇票

4 commercial agreement商业协定

2 commercial and industrial law and regulations工商法规

3 commercial bank商业银行

3 commercial bill商汇票

5 commercial capital商业资本

3 commercial L/C商业信用证

2 commercial packing商业包装

5 commercialise使商品化

5 commission佣金

3 commission brokers佣金（经济人）

3 commission insurance 佣金保险

5 commitment 承诺

5 commodity商品

3 commodity exchange 商品交易所；商品交易所贸易

5 commodity fair商品交易会

4 commodity inspection bureau（CIB）商品检验局

3 commodity tax货物税；商品税

2 common mercantile practice 一般行业惯例

5 common stock; equities; share 普通股

2 community fund共同体基金

5 company; firm 公司

2 comparable price 可比价格

5 compensate; indemnity; pay for; recoup 赔偿；补偿

4 compensating / compensatory trade; compen 补偿贸易（或抵偿贸易；往返贸易）3 compensation trade policy抵偿贸易政策

5 compensation; remuneration酬金

2 competition power竞争能力

5 competitor, rival对手

5 competitor, rival竞争者

4 complete in specifications 规格齐全

4 comply with a claim满足索赔要求

5 component机器元件、组件、部件，部分

4 compound interest 复利（复息）

2 comprehensive economic exhibition 综合性的经济展览会

3 comprehensive policy 集合保险单

5 computed price推算价

3 concentrated marketing 集中营销策略

2 concentrating funds集中资金

5 concentration 集中

4 concessional loan 优惠贷款

4 concessional rate让价

2 concessionary finance优惠性融资

3 conclude a contract缔结合同

4 conclude an agreement签订协议

3 conclude business 成交

4 conclude business after viewing samples 看样成交

5 condition条件，状况

3 condition of a loan借款条件

3 condition subsequent 解除合同义务条件

4 conditional acceptance有条件接受

5 configuration; structure设备的结构、组合

5 confirmation确认书

3 confirmation of sales销售确认书

4 confirmed L/ C保证信用证

3 confirmed letter of credit保兑信用证

3 confirming bank保兑银行

2 confiscation of contraband对违禁品的没收

5 conflict 冲突

2 Conform to WTO Spirits and Agreements遵循WTO精神和条款

5 conglomerate 综合商社，多元化集团公司；联合大企业

3 consciousness of risk prevention 风险意识

3 consequential damages间接损失

3 conservation-minded society; resource-conserving society资源节约型社会5 consignee 收货人

5 consignment寄售

3 consignment trade 委托交易

5 consignor; principal委托人；托运人

5 consolidate 帐目合并

2 consolidated debt 合并债务

5 consortium财团

2 constant cost不变成本；固定成本

3 constant return 固定收益

4 constructive total loss 推定全损

5 consultant 咨询人员；顾问

5 consumables 消耗品

2 consumer confidence消费者信心

3 consumer durables 耐用消费品（如：洗衣机）

2 consumer goods 消费品，生活资料

3 consumer price index 物价指数

3 container freight station集装箱货运站

4 container transport集装箱运输

3 continental bridge; land bridge大陆桥

4 continental shelf大陆架

5 contingency意外事件

2 contingency fund 意外开支,准备金

3 contingent expenses; contingencies或有费用

2 continue with the past and open up the future 继往开来

2 continuing account结转账户

5 continuum 连续时间

4 contract a foreign loan借外债

4 contract by deed法定契约

5 contract clause; contract terms合同条款

5 contract for goods 订货合同

4 contract for labor and materials 包工包料

3 contract guarantee 合同规定的保证

3 contract implementation契约执行

5 contract law合同法

4 contract performance 合同履行

3 contract period合同期限

3 contract serial number 合同编号

5 contract; indenture契约；合同

3 contracted price共同价

3 contracting party缔约方

2 contracting work承包工程

4 contraction of money in circulation通货收缩

5 contractor 承办商

3 contractual liability合同规定的义务

4 contribution of funds 资金捐献

3 controlled economy 管制经济

2 controller of accounts 会计主任

2 controller of the currency 货币总监

3 controlling account总账

3 controlling company控股公司；总公司

3 conventional export packing 通常出口包装5 conventional trade 协定贸易

3 conventional vessel普通货船

5 convertibility可兑换性

3 convertible currency可兑黄金的货币

3 coordinated universal time 世界协调时间

5 copper coins铜币

5 copy副本

2 core time 弹性工作制的必须上班时间

4 corner the market 垄断市场

3 corporation tax法人税；公司税

5 cost成本

4 cost accounting成本会计

2 cost of capital 资金成本

4 cost of goods manufactured产品成本

3 cost of living index生活费指数

5 cost of living; living expenditure 生活费用5 cost price成本价

3 cost push成本推进型

4 cost-effective有效益的

5 costing成本计算

2 cost-push inflation成本推进式通货膨胀

3 counter offer还盘

4 counter purchase互购贸易

4 counter sample对等样品

3 counter trade对消贸易（抵偿贸易）

3 counterfeit and substandard goods 假冒伪劣商品

5 countersign会签

3 countervailing duty 反补贴税

3 cover note 保险证明书

5 competition竞争

3 crack down on counterfeit goods 打假

5 credentials 可以相信的证明

5 credit 赊购

4 credit account 赊购账

4 credit agency征信机构

4 credit association; credit cooperative 信用社

5 credit bill信用汇票

5 credit card 信用卡

4 credit certificate信用证明书

2 credit control 赊销管理（检查顾客及时付款的体系）5 credit expansion 信贷扩大

5 credit first 信用第一

4 credit funds; loan capital信贷资金

3 credit insurance; fidelity insurance信用保险

4 credit limit 赊销限额

4 credit line信贷额度

3 credit man 信用调查员

3 credit market信贷市场

2 credit operation信贷业务

3 credit period信用期限

3 credit rating 信贷的信用等级，信誉评价

3 credit system信用制度

4 credit term 信贷条件

5 creditor; lender; loaner 债权人；贷方

4 creditor’s rights债权

2 creditworthiness 信贷价值，信贷信用

3 cremation certificate销毁证明书

5 crew list船员清单

2 critical path analysis 关键途径分析法

2 cross retaliation 交叉报复

3 crossed cheque 划线支票

3 cultural and educational exchanges 人文交流

5 currency货币，流通；通货

2 currency app reciation’ currency revalua tion货币升值

2 currency devaluation / depreciation货币贬值

4 currency of payment支付货币

4 currency option货币选择权（期货）

2 current account 经常账户；往来账户，活期（存款）户

5 current assets流动资产

4 current deposit 活期存款

4 current information行情

3 current interest活期利息

2 current investment; liquid investment短期投资

4 current liabilities流动负债；短期负债

5 current money 通货

3 current price prevailing price 现行价格（时价）

2 custody of money 保管货币

2 custom of foreign trade对外贸易惯例

2 customary packing习惯包装

5 customer客户

4 customer service客户服务

5 customise顾客化

3 customs bond 海关保税；海关罚款

2 customs broker; customhouse broker 报关行

3 customs commissioner海关关长

2 customs declaration fee报关费

3 customs declaration; clearance of goods; apply to the customs 报关2 customs entry 进口报关

2 customs fine海关罚款

2 customs formalities海关手续

2 customs frontier关境

3 customs invoice海关发票

5 customs law海关法

4 customs officer; customs official 海关人员

3 customs revenue关税收入

4 customs seal海关关封

2 customs seizure海关查扣

3 customs supervision海关监督

5 cut-price 削价（出售）的

4 cut-throat残酷的

4 cutting down a budget 削减预算

3 CV(=curriculum vitae)履历；简历

4 cycle inventory循环盘存

5 cycle time循环时间

D

5 daily wage 计日工资；日工资

2 damage caused by heating and sweating 受热受潮险

4 damp-proof packing防潮包装

3 dangerous mark危险标志

4 date of entry记账日期

5 day laborer 日工

5 daybook; journal日记账（流水账）

4 dead loss净亏损

5 deadline最后期限

5 deal营业协议，交易

4 deal direct 直接交易

4 deal on credit 信用交易；赊账买卖

5 dealer商人

5 debit记入帐户的借方；借方

3 debt instrument债务证券

3 debt paying ability偿债能力

5 debtor欠债人；债务人；借方

2 debts provable in bankruptcy 可证明的破产债务

3 decimal currency十分制货币

2 declaration of trust信托声明书

3 declaration policy 保险陈报书

4 decoupling inventory保险性存货（以应付万一）

5 deduct扣除

5 deductible costs减除成本

5 deductible 绝对免配额

4 deed of trust信托契约

5 default 违约，未履行

5 defect缺陷

5 defective有缺点的

3 defective goods有瑕疵的货物

3 defective packing有瑕疵的包装

5 defendant被诉方

4 defense bond国防公债

5 defer推迟

3 deferred income延迟收入

3 deferred payment L/C; usance L/C远期信用证

4 deferred payments延期支付

2 deficiency payment system增补亏空支付制

2 deficit in revenue 收入不足

3 deficit on the books账面赤字

2 deficit spending赤字开支

5 deficit; in the red 赤字

5 deflation 通货紧缩

4 deft design 设计精巧

3 delicate colors 色泽素雅

3 deliver goods发货

商务英语初级笔译试题

全国商务英语翻译统一考试 初级笔译试题 注意事项 1. 请首先按要求在试题卷和答题卷的标封处填写姓名、准考证号等； 2. 请仔细阅读题目要求进行答题，答案写在答题卷上； 3. 请保持卷面整洁，不要在标封区填写无关内容； 4. 答题时间为150分钟。 Part I Translate the following sentences into English or into Chinese. 1.早在1910年，通用电器就开始与中国发展贸易，被认为是最活跃和最有影响力的在华外国企业之一。 2.近年来，中泰两国国民经济发展迅速，为两国的经济、贸易合作提供了良好的基础。 3.本合同用中、英两种文字写成，每种文字正本两份。两种文本具有同等效力，签字后双方各执中、英文本一份为凭。 4.布朗先生曾经能吃能睡，但现在由于作为领导责任重大而变得吃不下睡不好。 5.由于我们也要支付我们供货商的货款，因此您的还款期限不能再延长了。 6.Do not ask questions that respondents feel are rude or embarrassing. If such questions are necessary, people should be offered the chance to say that they prefer not to answer. What constitutes an invasive question will vary from culture to culture. 7. He knew this guy was a smart political worker. But he was hard to control. In fact, he was a loose cannon who might do more damage to his side than the man he was running against. 8. As a region with the largest number of developed countries, the EU boasts abundant capital and advanced technology. Therefore, both the EU countries and China enjoy a high degree of complementarities in economic, trade, scientific and technological fields. 9. I had the honour of attending the opening ceremony of the Beijing Y outh Palace earlier this week and was proud to see that Compaq was making such a large contribution to China’s youth. 10. Though the possibility of living a long and happy life is greater than ever before, every day we cite the incredible slaughter of men, women and children on the roads. Man versus the motor car! PartⅡTranslate the following passages into Chinese. Passage 1 On behalf of the U.S. Department of Commerce and the Association for Manufacturing Technology, I would extend my greetings to the seventh China International Machine Tool Show (CIM T—2010), and welcome the visitors to the U.S. Pavilion. We are proud of our U.S. Pavilion, where 170 U.S. exhibitors are displaying the latest world class machine tool technology and related manufacturing services. The technology and services demonstrated here are the primary building blocks for industrialization in every nation of the

商务英语翻译英汉词汇大全

商务英语翻译技能等级考试英汉词汇表 （以英语字母顺序排序） 翻译员（五级）所要掌握的词汇为5 高级翻译员（四级）所要掌握的词汇为5+4 助理翻译师（三级）所要掌握的词汇为5+4+3 翻译师（二级）所要掌握的词汇为5+4+3+2 A 4 权力委托 5 旷工，旷职 2 绝对配额 3 绝对值 5 吸收，减轻（冲击、困难等）作用或影响 3 吸收游资 5 ; 摘要 2 承兑费 2 不记名承兑 3 承兑信用证 3 抽样认可 4 ; 承兑银行 4 进入市场（的机会） 5 意外事故 3 无法控制的意外事故 3 意外事故保险 4 意外损坏 4 设施；住宿；欠单 3 顺民意；合民情 5 会计帐目 4 账户结金 5 账本（账册、账簿） 3 客户经理（常指广告公司） 5 解释；说明 4 账目编号；账户号码 2 结欠清单 5 账户名称 5 会计工作；会计行业 5 会计 5 会计长 5 会计学 3 会计档案 5 往来帐目 2 账目不清

3 应付账 4 应收账 2 ; ; 应付费用 4 累计资本 3 资本积累 2 累计佣金 5 收购 5 行动计划 2 盘活基础设施存量资产 5 畅销 3 出口加工贸易 5 成交活跃的股票 3 ; 贸易顺差 5 业务类型 3 实际成本 4 实际交货 4 时价；实际价格；实价 4 实际全损 2 ( ) 从价税 3 ; 附加费用 4 额外投资 2 附加保险费 2 追加税 2 ; 防范和化解金融风险2 充分需求 4 核算 3 海损理算书 5 ; 实施，经营，行政 4 行政预算；管理预算 2 行政开支；办公费 4 行政保护 5 预付费用 2 a 预付定金 4 预计货样 5 预付工资 4 预收货款 4 规模经营优势 3 贸易逆差 5 公布；做广告 5 广告业 3 通知行 3 信用证转让通知 3 吁请团，游说团体

经济学专业词汇中英文对照

经济学专业词汇中英文对照（经济学, 中英文, 词汇, 专业……） 专业词汇英汉部分571 A 20 accounting 会计 accounting cost 会计成本 accounting profit 会计利润 adverse selection 逆向选择 allocation 配置 allocation of resources 资源配置allocative efficiency 配置效率 antitrust legislation 反托拉斯法 arc elasticity 弧弹性 assumption 假设 asymmetric information 非对称性信息average 平均 average cost 平均成本 average cost pricing 平均成本定价法average fixed cost 平均固定成本 average product of capital 资本平均产量average product of labour 劳动平均产量average revenue 平均收益 average total cost 平均总成本 average variable cost 平均可变成本 B 12 barriers to entry 进入壁垒 base year 基年 bilateral monopoly 双边垄断 benefit 收益 black market 黑市 bliss point 极乐点 boundary point 边界点 break even point 收支相抵点 budget 预算 budget constraint 预算约束 budget line 预算线 budget set 预算集 C 75 capital 资本 capital stock 资本存量 capital output ratio 资本产出比率capitalism 资本主义

统计学英语词汇

统计学英语词汇 发布: 2008-10-08 23:42 | 作者: zhou_209 | 来源: 6sigma品质网 统计学的一些英语词汇,希望对大家有用. A abscissa 横坐标 absence rate 缺勤率 absolute number 绝对数 absolute value 绝对值 accident error 偶然误差 accumulated frequency 累积频数 alternative hypothesis 备择假设 analysis of data 分析资料 analysis of variance(ANOVA) 方差分析 arith-log paper 算术对数纸 arithmetic mean 算术均数 assumed mean 假定均数 arithmetic weighted mean 加权算术均数 asymmetry coefficient 偏度系数 average 平均数 average deviation 平均差 B bar chart 直条图、条图 bias 偏性 binomial distribution 二项分布 biometrics 生物统计学 bivariate normal population 双变量正态总体 C cartogram 统计图

case fatality rate(or case mortality) 病死率 census 普查 chi-sguare(X2) test 卡方检验 central tendency 集中趋势 class interval 组距 classification 分组、分类 cluster sampling 整群抽样 coefficient of correlation 相关系数 coefficient of regression 回归系数 coefficient of variability(or coefficieut of variation) 变异系数collection of data 收集资料 column 列（栏） combinative table 组合表 combined standard deviation 合并标准差 combined variance(or poolled variance) 合并方差complete survey 全面调查 completely correlation 完全相关 completely random design 完全随机设计 confidence interval 可信区间，置信区间 confidence level 可信水平，置信水平 confidence limit 可信限，置信限 constituent ratio 构成比，结构相对数 continuity 连续性 control 对照 control group 对照组 coordinate 坐标 correction for continuity 连续性校正 correction for grouping 归组校正 correction number 校正数 correction value 校正值 correlation 相关，联系 correlation analysis 相关分析 correlation coefficient 相关系数 critical value 临界值 cumulative frequency 累积频率

全国商务英语翻译统一考试_4

全国商务英语翻译统一考试 中级笔译试题 注意事项 1. 请首先按要求在试题卷和答题卷的标封处填写姓名、准考证号等； 2. 请仔细阅读题目要求进行答题，答案写在答题卷上； 3. 请保持卷面整洁，不要在标封区填写无关内容； 4. 答题时间为150分钟。 Part I Translate the following sentences into English or into Chinese. 1.国家统计局说，消费者价格3月份攀升8.3%，比2月份8.7%有所下降。2月份的上涨率是将近12年来的最高点。价格升高的部分原因被指是由于1月份和2月份的严重暴雪导致工厂停工，庄稼被毁。 2. 对于钢材、水泥、化肥、化工原料等这类商品来说，只要其规格、样式、型号或化学成分相符，价格优惠且交货及时，买方通常都不会派人去国外进行实地考察。 3.中国能不能顶住霸权主义、强权政治的压力，坚持我们的社会主义制度，关键就看能不能争得经济较快的增长速度，实现我们的发展战略。 4.部分地区由于需求增长，批发茶价几乎翻了一番。所以我公司拟大批量订货，希望贵方备足库存。 5.这个现行办法旨在扶持那些发展中国家与从其他国家进口的产品展开竞争，而不损害我们自己产业的利益。 6. After months of unfruitful negotiation with the trade unions, the government cut the Gordian knot by declaring that workers who did not accept a 2% pay rise would be fired. 7.China’s growing trade surplus has been a point of contention with both the United States and the European Union. China’s major trading partners accuse Beijing of manipulating its currency to keep its value low and give Chinese products an unfair price advantage on world markets. 8. One day’s sick leave with the application, after approved by the departmental head, is to be submitted to the admin executive on the day following the one day’s sick leave. 9. There were a few middle-aged and even elderly women in the train, their silver-wiry hair and wrinkled faces, scourged by time and trouble, having almost a grotesque, certainly a pathetic appearance in such a jaunty situation. 10.The 1970s brought a decline in eating out, but the 1980s, especially in homes where both parents were working, brought a big increase in the demand for many types of restaurants. Part II. Translate the following passages into Chinese. Passage 1 Savings provide one way to take care of financial losses. But savings are not the answer to large losses. The best way to guard against large financial losses is through insurance. Over 4,800 companies in the United States are in the business of providing insurance protection. These businesses are called insurance companies. Because most insurance companies operate on a big scale, they provide a way for large numbers of people to share their losses. Insurance can provide protection against almost any kind of loss. Singers may insure their voices. Photographers may insure their negatives. The owner of a home freezer may insure against food loss in case of a power failure. A business owner can insure his or her place of business. A business owner can also insure against a loss of profits during a shutdown following a fire or damaging accident. Like all private firms, insurance companies must charge enough for protection to pay their operating costs and make a profit. The main factor affecting the price of insurance, however, is the amount of risk involved. The more risk an insurance company assumes for a policyholder, the higher the premium. An insurance company must collect enough money from all its policyholders to pay the claims of those who have

经济类英语专业词汇

常用经济类词汇： economist 经济学家 socialist economy 社会主义经济capitalist economy 资本主义经济collective economy 集体经济planned economy 计划经济controlled economy 管制经济rural economics 农村经济 liberal economy 自由经济 mixed economy 混合经济political economy 政治经济学protectionism 保护主义 autarchy 闭关自守 primary sector 初级成分 private sector 私营成分,私营部门public sector 公共部门,公共成分economic channels 经济渠道economic balance 经济平衡economic fluctuation 经济波动economic depression 经济衰退economic stability 经济稳定economic policy 经济政策

economic recovery 经济复原understanding 约定 concentration 集中 holding company 控股公司 trust 托拉斯 cartel 卡特尔 rate of growth 增长 economic trend 经济趋势 economic situation 经济形势infrastructure 基本建设 standard of living 生活标准,生活水平purchasing power, buying power 购买力scarcity 短缺 stagnation 停滞,萧条,不景气underdevelopment 不发达underdeveloped 不发达的 developing 发展中的 initial capital 创办资本 frozen capital 冻结资金 frozen assets 冻结资产 fixed assets 固定资产 real estate 不动产,房地产

商务英语翻译考试

考试简介 全国商务英语翻译（ETTBL）是我国一项系统的“外语+专业”的商务翻译培训、考试，以全国《商务英语翻译教程》（口译/笔译）的培训大纲为基础，内容涵盖广告、产品描述、产品与保险、人力资源与职业、经济、国际贸易、金融证券、市场营销、法律、合同与协议、旅游业等。由商务英语专业教授及富有商务背景的外籍教师进行授课，侧重于常用商务材料英汉互译对照、常用商务专业词汇及典型句型解析、翻译技巧等。打造商务英语翻译培训的优秀品牌，弥补高素质商务英语翻译人才的市场缺口，培养出专业化、知识化的口译/笔译人才，缩短新学员进入企业的磨合期，尽快适应工作；提高在职人员商务英语翻译专业水平及职业能力，更好地胜任工作。 学员完成培训计划规定的全部内容和课时后，参加全国商务英语翻译的考核及综合评定，根据考评结果，颁发相应等级相应层次的《全国商务英语翻译证书》。是商务英语人员上岗就业的依据，是工商、合资企业、外事单位用人的资格凭证.该证书全国通用，并网上注册()。并为学员建立个人资料库，借助中国商务人才网（）的网络平台协助考生就业和提供继续教育服务等。

职业定义 初级：能在商务往来中进行一般性商务英语交谈。涉外企业的员工及同层次的企业外销人员、宾馆接待人员、商场收银员等。 中级：能在一般性商务会谈和商务活动中进行口译和笔译。涉外企业的职员及同层次的秘书，办公室主管等。 高级：能在一般性商务会议和外事商务活动中进行口译和笔译。涉外企业主管及同层次的企业经理助理、企业经理等。 翻译师：能在大型商务会议中进行复杂的口译和笔译，并胜任专职商务翻译工作。 高级翻译师：能在各种国际会议中进行口译和笔译。在口译中能交替传译和同声传译；在笔译中对商务活动会议的文件及商务专业性的资料作笔译。能承担国际商务会议中各种复杂的笔译、口译，解决商务英语中的一切疑难问题。 考试对象 凡遵守中华人民共和国宪法和法律、恪守职业道德、具备一定外语水平、有志于从事商务领域翻译工作的在职和求职人员及在校生，不论学历高低，均可参加。

最全经济学英语词汇(打印版)

经济学英语词汇1、General terms 一般术语 economist 经济学家 socialist economy 社会主义经济capitalist economy 资本主义经济collective economy 集体经济planned economy 计划经济controlled economy 管制经济rural economics 农村经济liberal economy 自由经济mixed economy 混合经济political economy 政治经济学protectionism 保护主义autarchy 闭关自守 primary sector 初级成分 private sector 私营成分,私营部门public sector 公共部门,公共成分economic channels经济渠道economic balance 经济平衡economic fluctuation 经济波动economic depression 经济衰退economic stability 经济稳定economic policy 经济政策 economic recovery 经济复原understanding 约定 concentration 集中 holding company 控股公司 trust 托拉斯cartel 卡特尔 rate of growth 增长 economic trend经济趋势 economic situation 经济形势infrastructure 基本建设 standard of living生活标准,生活水平purchasing power, buying power 购买力scarcity 短缺 stagnation停滞,萧条,不景气underdevelopment 不发达underdeveloped 不发达的developing 发展中的 2、Capital 资本 initial capital 创办资本 frozen capital 冻结资金 frozen assets 冻结资产 fixed assets 固定资产 real estate 不动产,房地产 circulating capital, working capital 流动资本available capital 可用资产 capital goods资本货物reserve 准备金,储备金 calling up of capital 催缴资本allocation of funds资金分配contribution of funds 资金捐献working capital fund 周转基金revolvingfund 循环基金,周转性基金contingency fund 意外开支,准备金reserve fund 准备金

统计学词汇中英文对照完整版

统计学词汇中英文对照完整版 Absolute deviation, 绝对离差 Absolute number, 绝对数 Absolute residuals, 绝对残差 Acceleration array, 加速度立体阵 Acceleration in an arbitrary direction, 任意方向上的加速度Acceleration normal, 法向加速度 Acceleration space dimension, 加速度空间的维数Acceleration tangential, 切向加速度 Acceleration vector, 加速度向量 Acceptable hypothesis, 可接受假设 Accumulation, 累积 Accuracy, 准确度 Actual frequency, 实际频数 Adaptive estimator, 自适应估计量 Addition, 相加 Addition theorem, 加法定理 Additive Noise, 加性噪声 Additivity, 可加性 Adjusted rate, 调整率 Adjusted value, 校正值 Admissible error, 容许误差 Aggregation, 聚集性 Alpha factoring,α因子法 Alternative hypothesis, 备择假设 Among groups, 组间 Amounts, 总量 Analysis of correlation, 相关分析 Analysis of covariance, 协方差分析 Analysis Of Effects, 效应分析 Analysis Of Variance, 方差分析 Analysis of regression, 回归分析 Analysis of time series, 时间序列分析 Analysis of variance, 方差分析 Angular transformation, 角转换 ANOVA （analysis of variance）, 方差分析 ANOVA Models, 方差分析模型 ANOVA table and eta, 分组计算方差分析 Arcing, 弧/弧旋 Arcsine transformation, 反正弦变换 Area 区域图 Area under the curve, 曲线面积 AREG , 评估从一个时间点到下一个时间点回归相关时的误差

国际贸易专业英语词汇

国际经济与贸易专业英语词汇手册 商学院 2009年1月

economist 经济学家 socialist economy 社会主义经济 capitalist economy 资本主义经济 collective economy 集体经济 planned economy 计划经济 controlled economy 管制经济 rural economics 农村经济 liberal economy 经济 mixed economy 混合经济 political economy 政治经济学 protectionism 保护主义 autarchy 闭关自守 primary sector 初级成分 private sector 私营成分,私营部门 public sector 公共部门,公共成分 economic channels 经济渠道 economic balance 经济平衡 economic fluctuation 经济波动 economic depression 经济衰退 economic stability 经济稳定 economic policy 经济政策 economic recovery 经济复原 understanding 约定 concentration 集中 holding company 控股公司 trust 托拉斯 cartel 卡特尔 rate of growth 增长 economic trend 经济趋势 economic situation 经济形势 infrastructure 基本建设 standard of living 生活，标准,生活水平purchasing power, buying power 购买力 scarcity 短缺 stagnation 停滞,萧条,不景气underdevelopment 不发达 underdeveloped 不发达的 developing 发展中的 initial capital 创办资本 frozen capital 冻结资金 frozen assets 冻结资产 fixed assets 固定资产 real estate 不动产,房地产 circulating capital, working capital 流动资本

经济学专业术语(中英文对照)

经济学专业术语（中英文对照） 目录 1. 经济学原理 (2) 2. 像经济学家一样思考 (2) 3. 相互依存性与贸易的好处 (3) 4. 供给与需求的市场力量 (3) 5. 弹性及其应用 (4) 6. 供给需求与政策 (4) 7. 消费者、生产者与市场效率 (4) 8. 赋税的应用 (4) 9. 国际贸易 (5) 10. 外部性 (5) 11. 公共物品和公共资源 (5) 12. 税制设计 (5) 13. 生产成本 (6) 14. 竞争市场上的企业 (7) 15. 垄断 (7) 16. 垄断竞争 (7) 17. 寡头 (7) 18. 生产要素市场 (8) 19. 收入与歧视 (8) 20. 收入不平等与贫困 (8) 21. 消费者选择理论 (9) 22. 微观经济学前沿 (9) 23. 一国收入的衡量 (10) 24. 生活费用的衡量 (10) 25. 生产与增长 (10) 26. 储蓄、投资和金融体系 (11) 27. 金融学的基本工具 (11) 28. 失业 (12) 29. 货币制度 (12) 30. 货币增长与通货膨胀 (13) 31. 开放经济的宏观经济学 (14) 32. 开放经济的宏观经济理论 (14) 33. 总需求与总供给 (14) 34. 货币政策和财政政策对总需求影响 (15) 35. 通胀与失业之间的短期权衡取舍 (15)

1.经济学原理 经济:(economy) 稀缺性:(scarcity) 经济学:(economics) 效率:(efficiency) 平等:(equality) 机会成本:(opporyunity cost) 理性人:(rational people) 边际变动:(marginal change) 边际收益:(marginal benefit) 边际成本:(marginal cost) 激励:(incentive) 市场经济:(market economy) 产权:(property rights) 市场失灵:(market failure) 外部性:(externality) 市场势力:(market power) 生产率:(productivity) 通货膨胀:(inflation) 经济周期:(business cycle) 2.像经济学家一样思考循环流量图:(circular-flow diagram) 生产可能性边界:(production possibilities)微观经济学:(microeconomics) 宏观经济学:(macroeconomics) 实证表述:(positive statements) 规范表述:(normative statements)

《商务英语翻译》历年真题及答案[]doc

全国商务英语翻译统一考试初级笔译练习试题 练习一 Part I Translate the following sentences into English or Chinese 1．迄今为止，各国的移民政策侧重于为低技能工人设置障碍，同时鼓励高技能专业人才、工程师、科学家和企业家前来工作，甚至定居。 2．Kasda是瑞士的汽车、能源和食品集团公司。本年度第一季度，尽管它的总营业额下降了6%，但是利润却增加了12.1%。 3．“海洋城”以其绵延10英里（相当于16公里）的海滩而闻名，每年接待约800万游客 4．当富人想到将财富传给子孙的时候，他们通常会有两种情绪：害怕和忧虑。他们害怕或忧虑金钱会对子孙产生消极影响；害怕金钱会让子孙失去通过努力工作获得成功的人生动力。 5．关于我方第315号订单，由于到货质量低劣，我方被迫表达强烈不满。 6．China is fielding its largest-ever Olympic team at the upcoming Beijing Games, with 639 athletes competing in all 28 sports. The Chinese team will attempt to surpass the 32 gold medals won at the Athens Olympics, four less than the United States. 7．A Japanese media report says Japan and China have reached a compromise and agreed to jointly develop gas fields and share profits in disputed areas of the East China Sea. 8．The number of newly laid-off U.S. workers rose last week, the latest sign that the economic downturn is affecting the job market. A report Thursday from the Labor Department said the number of people applying for unemployment benefits for the first time rose 22–thousand, to 378–thousand. 9. Chinese economy suffered only a mild setback in the first quarter of 2008, and remains resilient despite inflation and worsening global credit crisis. 10. Praise and encouragement also makes employees more likely to work hard and stay in their jobs, saving on the cost of finding replacements. Part II Translate the following passages into Chinese. Passage 1 Most Americans believe someone isn’t grown up until age 26, probably with a completed education, a full-time job, a family to support and financial independence, a survey said. But they also believe that becoming an official grown-up is a process that takes five years from about the age of 20, concluded the report from the University of Chicago’s National Opinion Research Center. The findings were based on a representative sample of 1398 people over age 18. The poll found the following ages at which people expect the transitions to grown-up status to be completed: age 20.9 self-supporting; 21.1 no longer living with parents; 21.2 full-time job; 22.3 education complete; 24.5 being able to support a family financially; 25.7 married; and 26.2 having a child. “There is a large degree of consensus across social groups on the relative importance of the seven transitions,” said Tom Smith, director of the survey. The only notable pattern of differences is on views about supporting a family, having a child and g etting married. “Older adults and the widowed and married rate these as more important than younger adults and the never-married do,” he added. “This probably reflects in large part a shift in values across generations away from traditional family values.” The most valued step toward reaching adulthood, the survey found, was completing an education, followed by full-time employment, supporting a family, financial independence, living independently of parents, marriage and parenthood. Passage 2 Spend less than you earn. This is perhaps the most worn out, overused phrase in the world of personal finance. But guess what? It’s also the single most important financial lesson you’ll ever learn. No matter how hard you work and how much money you earn, you’ll never achieve financial security if you spend more than you earn, so…… do whatever it takes to make sure that this doesn’t happen. This takes self-discipline, and might require constructing a budget, but if you ever want to get to a point where you can afford all the little niceties in life, you need to make it happen. Plan for the future. I’ve been where you are, and I know that “the future” seems like it’s a million miles away. Do yourself a favor. Sit down and define short, intermediate, and long-term goals and then put together a plan for getting there. It’s not easy, and you probably won’t get it right at first but once you do this, you’ll have something concrete to work from (and to modify in the future). Start small and work your way up. Be patient. Building a solid financial foundation takes time. Don’t look for shortcuts or try to strike it rich overnight wit h the latest hot investment tip. Likewise, don’t make major financial decisions wi thout fully considering the ramifications. This isn’t to say that you should be paralyzed fear. Rather, you need to do your homework. Turn those unknowns into knowns, and