非谓语动词讲义 (1)
非谓语动词
●谓语动词：能直接作谓语的动词叫谓语动词
●非谓语动词：不能单独作句子的谓语，不受句子主语的人称和数的限制，而是担任句子其
他语法功能的动词，叫非谓语动词。
●非谓语动词有三种：动词不定式，动词现在分词（动名词）和动词过去分词
一、动词不定式
1. 动词不定式的形成：
1）to+do
e.g.1. He wants to be a doctor.
2. To pass the college entrance exam, we must study hard.
3. I have a lot of reading to complete before the end of this term.
4. I am sorry to have kept you waiting so long.
5. She asked to be sent to work in the countryside.
6. He was the only man to have been praised at the meeting.
Given enough time, we are sure to do it well.
The two men pretended to working hard.
2. 不定式的句法功能：在句中不定式可作主语，宾语，宾补，表语，定语，和状语。
1)作主语
To make a living in the big city is not easy.
为了句子的平衡，避免头重脚轻常采用it作形式主语，而把作真正主语不定式置于句末。
It is not easy to make a living in the big city.
It is impossible to buy a car for her young son.
= To buy a car for her young son is impossible.
2)作宾语不定式做及物动词的宾语。还有个别介词如：but/except的介词宾语.这些动词
有：想决心学会（是有）希望（的），want/expect, decide, learn, hope/wish （先）假装失败，pretend, fail
（再）设法拒绝，manage/try, refuse,
（然后）主动答应（别人的）计划，offer, promise, plan
（最后）同意选择请求别人帮一帮。agree, choose, ask/beg, help
e.g.1. Right now you need to stay until help comes.
2. They don’t want to be too close to one another.
3. 不定式在but后时，若but前有实义动词do时，不定式不带to，否则须带to.
1) We have nothing to do but _____( wait) for the doctor.
2) I have no choice but ________(wait) for the doctor.
3) He did nothing all day but _____( practice) reading.
4. 如作宾语的动词不定式后面有宾语补足语时，要用it作形式宾语，置于谓语动
词后面，而将动词不定式放到宾语补足语后面。构成; v +it+adj.+ to do 结构
They found it hard to learn Chinese.
Don’t you think it better to translate it in this way?
He felt ____his duty to work for human right and progress.
A. what
B. this
C. that
D. it
( 能跟it作形式宾语的常见动词有：find /think/ feel/ believe/consider. )
3. 作表语
不定式作表语用来表示预定要发生的动作，也可用来表示未来的可能性和假设；但不定式所作的表语仅用来说明主语的内容时，这时的不定式只作单纯的表语，而不具有未来的含义。
His dream is to become an actor.
Waving one’s hand is to say “Goodbye”.
4.作宾语补足语：
（1）在有些动词后作宾语补足语，构成v+sb. to do sth.结构。这些动词有：等待希望和鼓励，wait for /expect/wish/encourage
想请求建议和允许，want, beg/ask,advise,allow
喜欢命令但依靠说服，like/love, order,depend on, persuade,
打算拜访告诉（你有人）邀请，intend, tell, invite, call on
宁可教（你）使用强迫（或）禁止（手段）。prefer,teach, get, forbid
（2）动词不定式作感官、使役动词的宾语补足语时，动词不定式不带to，但当句子变为被动语态，作主语补足语时，须带to. 这些动词有;
吴（五）看三室（使）两厅（听）一感觉半帮助
look at/ see/ watch/ notice/ observe
make/ let/ have
listen to/ hear
feel
help(可以带to也可以不带to)
常见的使役动词有四个：have,make,let,get,表示“使、让”的含义。
5. 作定语
（1）不定式作定语表示将来的动作。
I have a lot of things to do.
The question to be discussed at the meeting is very important.
（2）不定式常放在某些名词或代词后作定语。如果作定语的不定式是不及物动词，或者不定式所修饰的名词或者代词是不定式动作的地点、工具等，不定式后所需要加相应的介词。I’m not sure which restaurant to eat at.
I have no room to live in.
He has no pen to write with.
（3）不定式用来修饰被序数词、最高级或no，all，any等限定的中心词，且与中心词为逻辑上的主动关系。
He is the best man to do the job.
He is always the first to arrive at the school and the last to live the school.
（4）被修饰词是抽象名词时，常用不定式作定语。常见的该类名词有：ability，chance，idea，hope，wish，fact，excuse，promise，attempt，way等。
The ability to express an idea is as important as the idea itself.
I have no chance to go sightseeing.
[特别注意]不定式作定语时，若句子主语是不定式动作的执行者，则用主动形式表被动含义;若句子主语不是不定式动作的执行者，则用被动形式表被动含义。
She has a sister to look after.(she是look after的执行者)
I will go to Beijing. Do you have anything to be bought? （you不是buy的执行者）
6.作状语
（1）作目的状语，“为了”，可以单独放在句首、句中或句末。如果强调目的性，不定式前也可加in order或so as，但so as to不能用于句首。
To finish the task on time, we went all out.
He was too excited to say a single word.
I’m glad to meet you.
The boy is old enough to go to school.
（2）作结果状语，常表示令人意外的结果，常用于下列结构中：
only/just to do表示意想不到的结果
enough to do足够做…
too…to do太…而不能…
so/such…as to…如此…以至于…
二动词ing
一、v+ing 的形成：
1. v+ing的构成形式
1）动词原形+ing
2）以辅音字母+不发音e结尾，去e后+ing
3）以单个字母结尾的重读闭音节，双写该辅音字母后+ing
2. v+ing 的否定式：not +v+ing
e.g.1.We saw the boy playing near the river.
2.Hearing the news, he jumped with joy.
3.Having been an English teacher many years, he knew how to help students
to learn English.
4. Not having received his answer, I wrote him again.
5. Having been told the bad news, he burst into tears.
二、v+ing的语法功能:
V+ing 可以在句中作主语、宾语、表语、宾补、主补、定语、状语，也可以与be组成谓语。
（1）作主语
动名词作主语表示一般的、抽象的、泛指的概念，常用it作形式主语dong 名词作真正的主语放在句末。常用的固定句型有：
It’s a waste of time doing…
It’s no use/good doing…
It is useless/nice/interesting/…doing…
There is no…
e.g. Eating too much chocolate is bad for your teeth.
It’s no use complaining without taking action.
There is no joking about such serious matters.
（2）作宾语
The artist can finish drawing a horse in five minutes.
The boys enjoyed watching TV.
He insisted on my going with him.
【注】：
1. 只跟动名词作宾语的常见动词有：
考虑建议盼原谅consider,suggest/advise ,look forward to, excuse/pardon
承认想推迟完成admit ,fancy, delay/ put off
避免错过继续练avoid, miss, keep(on), practise
否认准许介意逃亡deny, allow/permit, mind, escape,
禁止想象才冒险forbid, imagine, risk
不禁欣赏can’t help, appreciate
The law forbids smoking in public buildings.
I would appreciate your calling back this afternoon.
2. to 为介词的动词短语
be/ get used to lead to
pay attention to devote…T o
listen to refer.. .to
get down to look forward to
see to object to
stick to turn to
3. 在下列结构中, 可以省略in, 其后接v+ing形式作宾语.
○1have difficulty/ trouble / a good /happy/ hard time (in)doing sth.
e.g.: I have some difficulty ______( read) her handwriting.
We have a good time _____ (play) football yesterday.
○2There is no good/use/ harm/need/point (in) doing sth.
e.g.: There is no point/need ______( wait) for him. He won’t show up.
○3spend time/ money (in) doing sth.
waste time/ money (in) doing sth.
e.g.: He spent his whole life ______ (look) after the poor.
4. 在go on, keep, 及keep on后常用v+ing形式。
e.g.：Let’s go on _______( practice) some new words
He kept _______( nod) as he listen.
5. 句中的谓语动词尽管与句子的主语（逻辑主语）有被动关系，却用v+ing的主
动形式表示被动意义。
be worth doing=be worthy to be done/ of being done
e.g.: This picture is not worth looking at
This picture is not worthy _____ _____ ______ .
This picture is not worthy _____ _____ ______ .
6. 如果宾语补足语是no good /use/ need（=point）,常用it做形式宾语,
e.g.：I think it no use _______( try) again.
We find it no good _______( do ) it in that way.
7. 在want, need, require等表示“需要”动词后，要用:
sth.want/ need/ require+v-ing=sth.want/ need/ require to be done句型。
用主动结构表示被动意思
e.g.: The trees need watering. =The trees need ___ ___ ______.
My desk wants to be repaired=My desk wants _____.
(3作表语
动名词作表语多指抽象的、概念性的动作，句子主语常是表示无生命的名词，也表示主语的状态与特征；有时表示主语的内容。
The situation is encouraging.
The story sounds quite moving.
My job is teaching.
(4)作补语
v-ing常用于一些动词如find, keep, leave及感观动词watch，see, notice, hear,
feel, observe, 使役动词have, let, make等后面作宾语补足语和主语补足语.
1. I hear someone knocking at the door.
2. The doctor found the boy lying on the ground and dying fast.
3. She was seen entering the office last night.
(5)作定语，表主动、进行。
单个v-ing 作定语时，放在名词前，若是v-ing短语作定语时则要放在名
词后。
He is a promising young man.
We sat there and watched the rising sun.
v-ing 短语作后置定语时，相当于一个定语从句：
1. The man speaking at the meeting is a professor from Beijing.
=The man who spoke at the meeting is a professor from Beijing.
2. I receive a letter, inviting me to a party.
= I receive a letter, ____ _______ me to a party.
（六）作状语
v-ing 作原因, 时间状语时，通常位于句子前部: 作方式伴随或结果状语时, 通常位于句子后面.
1）原因：Not knowing his address, I couldn’t find his house.
2）Seeing the pictures, he couldn’t help thinking of his mother.
3）The dog was standing at the gate, barking.
4）He put the finger in his mouth, tested it and smile, looking pleased.
6.) Her husband died two years ago, leaving her with two children.
四. 独立主格结构
独立主格结构由代词或名词加上名词、形容词、副词、介词短语或非谓语动词等构成的一种独立结构，用于修饰整个句子。常由逗号将其与主句隔开，在句中作状语，相当于一个状语从句。
The situation getting worse, they had to ask for help.
No one to wake me up, I might be late for the first class.
The guard stood by the door, gun in hand.
There+being+名词/代词
It+being+名词/代词/形容词
There being no bus,we had to walk home.
It being Sunday,I didn’t need to get up early.
过去分词
一、过去分词的形成
1. 过去分词的构成形式：done
2. 过去分词的时态形式：
过去分词只用一般式:
及物动词的过去分词，表示动作已完成或被动意义。
不及物动词的过去分词，则表示动作已经完成。
3. 过去分词的否定形式：not done
二、过去分词的句法功能：
1. 过去分词可以与相对应的助动词构成完成时和被动语态的结构。
have/ has/ had+过去分词
be+过去分词
2. 作句子中的表语、定语、补语或状语
1）作表语：与连系动词构成谓语，表示主语的状态与特征。
2）作定语:单个过去分词作定语时，一般放在所修饰的名词前；如果时去分词短语,要放在所修饰的名词后。
The unfinished job must be finish today.
This is one of the buildings designed by my father.
3) 作补语,表被动、完成。
He is going to have his hair cut.
You must get your watch repaired.
When she returned home,she found the window open and something steal.
主要是感官动词和使役动词的主语补足语和宾语补足语.
吴（五）看三室（使）两厅（听）一感觉
look at/ see/ watch/ notice/ observe
make/ let/ have
listen to/ hear
feel
I’d like to see the plan carried out.
have/get/make +宾语+done 让…被…/遭遇某事（强调被动性动作）
I’ll h ave/get/make my bike repaired tomorrow.
He had his wallet stolen on his way home.
4) 作状语：过去分词作状语表示原因，条件，时间，方式和伴随动作或说明动作的背景或
情况。
She walked out of the house, followed by her little daughter.
The cup is on the ground, broken.
注：1.在when, while, as, if, though, unless, as if (as though ) 等连接的状语从句中，如果主从句的主语相同，谓语有连系动词，那么这个从句的主语和谓语的连系动词be可以省略，而保留v+ing或过去分词。
He enjoyed music while（he was）working.
If (you were) bitten by a snake, you should send for help and not walk.
I won’t attend her birthday party unless (I am) invited.
2. be (well) known for, be dressed in, be lost in thought, be faced with, be filled with 等短语作定语或状语时，说明其逻辑主语处于一种状态，这时,它们的面前没有being。
The girl dressed in red is very beautiful.
Well known for his expert advice, he was able to help a great number of people with their personal affairs.
他的足智多谋广为人知，因此，他能够帮助许多人解决私事。
非谓语动词的句法功能比较
1. 不定式与作主语时比较
1）一般情况两者可以互换，
e.g.: Seeing is believing.=To see is to believe.
2）如果泛指某种行为、活动、或职业时，多用v-ing作主语；
Walking in the morning is good for our health.
3）如果表示特定的某一次行为或活动，尤其时将来的行为时，必须用动词不定式作主语。
To refuse him is not easy this time.
2. 不定式,v+ing与过去分词作表语时比较
1) 不定式作表语时常用来表示预定要发生的动作，也可用来表示未来的可能性和假设。也表示特定的某一次行为或活动，尤其时将来的行为.
His wish is to enter a top famous university.
2) 动名词做表语时多表示抽象的、概念性的动作，句子主语通常是无生命的名词或what引导的名词性从句。
The news is exciting.
The flowers look pleasing.
Our job is playing all kinds of music.
3) 过去分词作表语时，表示主语的特征或状态。
The window is broken.
The children were frightened
3. 不定式与作直接宾语时的比较
1) 像agree, appear, arrange, ask, attempt, dare, decide, demand, be determined,
elect, expect, expect, fail, happen, hope, learn, manage, offer, plan, prepare, pretend, promise, refuse, want, wish等及物动词，其后只能接不定式。
2) 像advise, allow, consider, enjoy, escape, excuse, finish, forbid, imagine, include, keep, mind, miss, pardon, precise, risk, suggest, be busy, can’t help, feel like, give up, prevent (stop/ keep) sb. from, set about等及物动词只能接v+ing作宾语
3) 某些及物动词既可以接不定式，又可以接v+ing作直接宾语。
○1如like, love, hate, begin, start, continue, afford, prefer, propose, can’t bear等后接不定式或v+ing作宾语，意义相同，两者区别不大。
○2有些动词后接不定式和v+ing时，其意义不同。
○a remember to do sth.记住要做某事（未做）
remember doing sth.记得过去曾经做过某事（已做）
○b forget to do sth.忘记要做某事(未做)
forget doing sth.忘记过去做过某事（已做）
○c regret to do sth.对性质发生的事表示“抱歉”.
regret doing sth. 对已经发生的事情表示后悔
○d mean to do sth. 打算; 想要….
mean doing sth.意味着…..
○e stop to do sth. 停止正在做的事而去做另一件事
stop doing sth. 停止正在做的事.
○f try to do sth.设法, 努力, 试图
try doing sth 试一试…试试看
○g can’t help ( to ) do 不能帮助做….
can’t help doing 禁不住做…
4. 不定式与过去分词作宾语补足语时比较
5. 不定式与过去分词作定语的比较
6. 与不定式作结果状语时的区别：
非谓语 动词专项及解析(1)
必备英语非谓语动词专项及解析 一、非谓语动词 1．The WWF is working hard _________ the animals in danger． A. save B. to save C. saves D. saved 【答案】 B 【解析】【分析】句意：世界自然基金会正努力工作来拯救处于危险中的动物。此处表示 目的，应该用动词不定式。故选B。 【点评】考查动词不定式。动词不定式表示目的。 2．— Please stay with me this weekend. —I'm sorry, but my father and I planned _________ Beijing a long time ago. A. visit B. visiting C. to visit D. visited 【答案】 C 【解析】【分析】句意：——这个周末请和我呆在一起吧。——我很抱歉，但是我父亲和 我很久前就计划去参观北京了。plan to do sth.，计划做某事，动词不定式作宾语，故选C。 【点评】此题考查动词不定式。注意固定短语plan to do sth. 3．To live a low-carbon life, we must remember ________ the lights when we leave the room. A. to turn off B. turning off C. not to turn off 【答案】 A 【解析】【分析】句意：要过低碳生活，我们必须记住离开房间时要关掉灯。remember （not）to do sth.忘记要做的事；remember doing sth.忘记已经做过的事。根据句末when we leave the room.可知关灯的动作还没有做，此处表示肯定含义，要用不定式的肯定式， 故选A。 【点评】考查动词remember的固定搭配。根据所表示的含义选择正确的搭配。 4．Most people enjoy other people games. A. watching; plays B. to watch; to play C. watching; playing D. watching; to play 【答案】 C 【解析】【分析】句意:许多人喜欢看别人做游戏。喜欢做某事:enjoy doing sth后跟动名词 作宾语;看某人做某事:watch sb do sth（用省to的不定式表示看到了整个过程）;watch sb doing sth（用动名词表示看到了动作在发生）。人们喜欢看别人在做游戏而不一定是整个 过程，故选C。 5． Though he often made his little sister ______, today he was made ______ by his little sister. A. cry; to cry B. crying; crying C. cry; cry D. to cry; cry 【答案】 A
高三英语复习 非谓语动词考点总结归纳讲义
非谓语动词考点总结归纳 非谓语动词包括不定式，动名词和分词。它们是高中所学的基础语法，也是高考必考内容。既是高考的难点又是高考的热点。真正领悟非谓语动词的用法要具备以下基础知识： ①具有句子结构的知识，会分析句子成分。 ②具有简单句最基本的五种句型的知识，要分得清双宾语和复合宾语。 ③具有扎实而丰富的动词知识，要分得清及物动词和不及物动词。 ④具备各种复合句的知识，能够拆析复合句和长难句。 1．三种非谓语动词的构成及变化形式。 To ●过去分词 done （无变化） ●所有非谓语动词的否定形式都是把否定副词not,never放在非谓语动词的前面。 2. 三种非谓语动词形式句法功能比较
考点一：非谓语作主语。 1. 在很多情况下没有明显的不同. Seeing is believing.=To see is to believe. 2. 不定式做主语表示某一次具体的,特定的或有待实现的动作, 而动名词则表示通常的情况. eg:To tell him the truth would be the best. / Painting is an art. 动词不定式（短语）作主语时，另一种形式是在句首用先行代词it作形式主语，而将动词不定式（短语）移到谓语之后作真正主语。用于这种形式是一些特定形容词，动词和名词 1)形容词作表语It is adj/n.(for sb.) to do sth. （常见的形容词是：necessary,important,possible等） It is adj./n.(of sb.) to do sth. (常见的形容词是clever,stupid,foolish,wise,cruel等) 2)常见的动词有：require, cost, amuse, delight, annoy等 eg: It takes much time to do sth./ It didn’t occur to me to ask him to help me. 3)一些名词作表语 eg: It seems a pity to waste them./It is a great pleasure to do this./It is a good idea to think this way 动名词做主语时常用的句型有： It is nice doing sth./It’s foolish doing sth./It is useless doing that/It’s a waste of time doing this. /It’s worth one’s while doing sth./ It’s no good (use) doing that. It’s an awful job doing this. /It’s fun doing this. There is/ was no sense in doing/no point in doing 考点二：非谓语动词作宾语详细见5+3 P70-72页 补充:1.begin和start在下列三种情况下, 通常跟不定式, 不跟动名词 1) 当begin和start的主语是无生命之物时. eg: Snow began to melt. 2) 当begin和start用于进行时时. eg: He is beginning to study English. 3) 当begin和start后面跟着一些表示心理状态的词时. eg: I began to believe his story. 2. be afraid to do 不敢去做…… be afraid of doing 害怕发生某事
高中非谓语动词讲解版
词谓语动非在句中充当除谓语以外的句子成分的动词形式叫做非谓语动词。非谓语动词分为三种形式：不定式、动名词和分词（分词包括现在分词和过去分词）. 不定式 一、不定式的作用 1、作主语不定式作主语时，谓语用单数。往往用it 作形式主语，把不定式放在谓语后面。如： It took us two hours to finish the job. It is impossible for us to get there on time. It is very kind of you to help us. 注意：（1）其他系动词如look, appear等也可用于此句型。 （2）当不定式作主语的句子中又有一个不定式作表语时，不能用It is …to…的句型。试比较： It is to negate my own idea to believe him.（错） To believe him is to negate my own idea .（对） （3）It is+ adj. of / for sb. to do sth. 结构中，当不定式的逻辑主语和前面的形容词可以构成系表结构时，用of, 否则用for. 2、作宾语 （1）动词+不定式。如： He managed to escape from the fire. I find it hard to get along with him.（it 作形式宾语） 注：下列动词通常用不定式作宾语：want, try, hope, wish, need, forget, know, promise, refuse, help, decide, begin, start, learn, agree, choose, get等 不定式”相当于名词，作宾语。如：+“特殊疑问句+to , 疑问词+动词）2（．t know what to do next/ how to do it next. I don't decide when to go there. I can'注意：不定式短语作宾语时，如果还带有宾语补足语，往往把不定式短语放在宾语补足语之后，用it 作形式宾语。如：I find it necessary to learn a foreign
英语非谓语动词讲解
英语非谓语动词讲解 非谓语动词主要包括不定式、动名词和分词。为了区分这三种不同的非谓语动词的用法和含义，我们将分别从三种非谓语动词在句子中做主语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、状语、表语以及一些特殊结构句型等角度来区分其用法和细微含义。 ★1．不定式和动名词作主语的区别 (1)动名词作主语通常表示抽象动作；而不定式作主语表示具体动作。Smoking is prohibited(禁止)here．这里禁止抽烟。(抽象) It is not very good for you to smoke so much．你抽这么多烟对你身体很不好。(具体) (2)动名词作主语时，通常用以表示一件已知的事或经验。 不定式短语通常用来表示一件未完成的事或目的。 Climbing mountains is interesting．爬山很有趣。(经验) Driving a car during the rush hour is tiring．在高峰时刻开车令人厌烦。(经验) 注意：不定式做主语，一般用it当形式主语，把作主语的不定式短语后置。 ①常用不定式做主语的句型有： 常用结构：It+be+ adj./n.+ for sb. to do sth. (常见形容词: difficult , important, necessary, impossible, etc.) It+be+ adj. + of sb. to do sth. =sb. be + adj. + to do sth. (常见形容词:clever, silly, foolish, stupid, wise, kind, rude, impolite, careless, cruel, crazy, etc.) ②常用动名词做主语的句型有：It’s no good (use, fun) doing sth. It’s (a) waste of time one’s doing sth. It’s worth while doing sth.★2．不定式、动名词和分词作表语的区别
非谓语新讲义
易思教育学科教师辅导讲义（第讲）学生姓名：
2.There is nothing more I can try ______ you to stay, so I wish you good luck. (2007年高考第35题)D A. being persuaded B. persuading C. to be persuaded D. to persuade 4）作宾语补足语 It is an interesting study and can help you avoid difficulty in communication. 这是很有趣的研究，它能帮助你避免交际中遇到的困境。 We saw her enter a restaurant. 我们看见她走进一家餐馆。 I want you to come to my birthday party. 我要你来参加我的生日聚会。 注意：某些动词（大都是感官动词）接动词不定式作宾语补足语时，通常不带to，但是当其用于被动语态时to还原。下面的口诀可以帮助大家记住这些动词：“四看（see, watch, notice, observe）三使役（let, have, make）二听（hear, listen to）一感觉（feel）。” 能够接带to的不定式作宾语补足语的动词有很多，常见的有：advise, allow, ask, beg, cause, command, direct, enable, encourage, expect, forbid, force, instruct, invite, oblige, order, permit, persuade, press, recommend, remind, request, teach, tell, train, urge, want, warn。 【透视高考题】 1.Energy drinks are not allowed ________in Australia but are brought in from New Zealand.(2006高考第33题) B A. to make B. to be made C. to have been made D. to be making 2. The mother felt herself ________cold and her hands trembled as she read the letter from the battlefield. (2006高考第36题) A A .grow B. grown C. to grow D. to have grown 3.If there is a lot of work______ ,I’m happy to just keep on until it is finished.( 2008高考第33题) A A. to do B. to be doing C done D doing 5）作定语 Do you want to make more friends but lack the confidence to talk to people you do not know? 你想结交更多的朋友但与陌生人交流感到信心不足吗？ 注意：某些不及物动词作定语时需要加上一个介词，即构成“不定式＋介词”结构，这个介词是不可省略的。例如：Give me a pen to write with. 给我一支笔写字。另外，还有一种“介词＋which＋不定式”的结构也可以作定语。例如：The young couple needs a lot of money with which to buy a new house. 这对年轻夫妇需要一大笔钱，用来买房子。 不定式作定语，应注意两种关系： 1）动宾关系： He has a lot of meeting to attend . Please lend me something to write with . He is looking for a room to live in . I think the best way to travel ( by ) is on foot .
高一英语讲义-非谓语动词讲义
高考英语非谓语动词 定义：在句中充当谓语以外的各种句子成分的动词形式，叫做非谓语动词。非谓语动词也是动词的一种，他们有着谓语动词的其他特点，可以充当宾语、定语、主语、状语、补语等 一、非谓语动词基本形式 1. 动词不定式：to do 否定形式：not to do 2. 动名词：doing 否定形式：not doing 现在分词：doing not doing 1. 分词 过去分词：done not done 二、非谓语动词的时态语态变化 1.
* 现在分词表主动和进行，过去分词表被动和完成。 三、非谓语动词的句法功能 （1）二者作主语的差别： 动名词作主语多指抽象的、概念性的动作，可以是多次的、经常性的行为；不定式作主语多表示具体的动作，尤指是某一次的动作。EG. Playing with fire is dangerous. 玩火危险。（泛指玩火） To play with fire will be dangerous. 玩火会发生危险。（指一次具体的动作） （2）下列句型常用动名词作主语 no use/good not any use/good It is/was + of little use/good + doing sth worth EG. It is worth making an appointment before you go. 去之前预约一下是值得的。 （3）下列句型中常用不定式作主语 It + be + 名词+ to do sth. It takes sb. + some time + to do sth. It + be + difficult/easy/hard/important/impossible/necessary ?+ for sb. to do sth. ④ It + be + careless/clever/good/foolish/honest/kind/lazy/silly/wise ?+ of sb. to do sth.
非谓语动词使用精华讲义
非谓语动词使用精华讲义 考点一、考查谓语动词与非谓语动词的识别 正确判断、识别动词在句中是否充当谓语。 the violi n over there will go on the stage next week. 考点二、不定式和动名词作主语，宾语和表语的比较 1表示具体的或某一次动作或将来的动作用动词不定式；表示一般的或泛指的或习惯性的 动作用动名词。2、动名词的复合结构：在其前加上物主代词或名词的所有格。 3、不定式及 动名词短语作主语时可转换成 it 作形式主语.常用句型It is + adj. / n. + (for / of sb.) to do sth. 4、疑问词+动词不定式作宾语。 5、表心理状态的ving 分词作表语时，表示 令人……的； 女口： exciting;过去分词作表语时表示主观 感到 ..... ”如：excited 等6、get, become, look, seem, appear, remain 等系动词后都可跟 done ,表示被动或主语的状态。 女0 remain seated 等。 【即境活用】 (1) __________________ (杰克的突然失踪)(disaPPear) made them worried. (2) It 'm porta nt _______________ . (对于我们来说学英语很重要) ⑶It 'kind _____________________ .(帮助我你真是太好了) (4) ______ (ex po se)to sun light for too much time will do harm to one ’ s skin. (5) rve worked with childre n before, so I know what ____ (ex pect)i n my new job. (6) Travelli ng is ___________________ . (累但有趣) (7) Having a trip abroad is good for the old couple, but it remains ____ they will enjoy it. 3. 不定式和动名词作宾语的比较 )作宾语的动名词和不定式，完成式表示该动作在谓语动词动作之前发生 )介词以及少数动词只能用动名词作宾语，如： admit, dislike, app reciate, avoid, enjoy )动词 advise / allow / permit / forbid 后跟 doing sth.作宾语，又跟 to do 作宾语。 )need, require, want, deserve + doing 动名词的主动形式表被动意义，相当于 to be done )有些动词后使用动名词和动词不定式作宾语有差别，常用的有： 【即境活用】The childre n (p lay) (see) whether
高中英语人教版：必修一+非谓语动词语法讲义+Word版
非谓语动词 一、什么？ 非谓语就是指不能做谓语的动词。 非谓语动词包括不定式，动名词，现在分词和过去分词。 一、不定式： 基本构成：to+动词原形否定：not/never+不定式 动词不定式的一些形式变化（以do为例） 用法： A. 做主语 1. 放句首 To see is to believe. 眼见为实 没有准时到哪里是我的错 2.为使句子保持平衡，常用it做形式主语，将to do放在位于之后 B. 做宾语 1. 跟在动词后面： wish（希望）hope（希望）plan（计划）expect（期待）等 2. 跟在形容词后面： able, afraid, angry, anxious, careful, clever, content, cruel, determined, disappointed, eager等。 C. 做宾补 不定式可以在“主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语”句型中充当宾语补足语。在这一句型中，宾语是动词不定式的逻辑主语。形式： 1. 谓语动词+sb/sth to do sth advise, allow, ask, beg, cause, expect, encourage, force等。 我们决不允许这样的事情再发生。 2.省略to 一、feel, see, watch,observe, hear, notice 我昨天听到他们在唱歌。I heard them sing yesterday. 二、make, let, have 他希望做什么就让他做好了。 D. 做状语 不定式作状语可以表示行为的目的、结果、原因、条件等。 1 表示目的 我省钱为了买一台电脑。I’m saving money to buy a computer. 2 表示结果 My grandmother lived to see the liberation of China. (Only to do sth) 表示出乎意料He got to the station only to find the train had gone. 3 表示原因 I am very glad to see you. 4 表示条件 To have a talk with him, you would like him. 5:表程度 He was too excited to say a work. He is old enough to go to school E. 做表语 他的愿望是做一个老师。
高中非谓语动词用法总结表格版.doc
非谓语动词 非谓 相对谓语动词的时间意义例句 语动 词 说明行为在谓语动词所表示的行为之后，多数I want to go home. 一般是那些表愿望的词： want; hope; expect; wish I hope to see you. 等。 式不 I saw him come in. 定式 说明行为与谓语动词表示的行为同时发生，多 数是那些省略不定式符号的词，一般是复合宾 He helped him (to) carry things. 语。 表示动作与谓语动词表示的动作同时发出。We enjoyed seeing the film. I am thinking of taking over the job. 在动词 insist on; rely on; count on(相信) He insisted on doing that work 一般 等后表示动作在谓语动词表示的动作之后发 式动 生。 名词 在有些明确表示时间先后的动词和介词on;I remember seeing him before. upon after代替完成动名词表 示的动作在谓语 动词表示的动作先发生。 说明分词表示的动作和句中谓语 持续性 动词表示的动作同时发生。 现动词 在 一般 分说明分词表示的动作发生之后， 式分 词终止性 句中谓语动词表示的动作立刻发 词动词 生。 过持续性通常说明分词表示的动 作，此句动词中谓语动词表示的动作先发生。 去On arriving Beijing, he went to see his friend. He stood there speaking. Holding a book under his arm, he entered the room. Entering the room, I found nobody in. Turning to the right, you will find the post office. Written in simple English, the book is easy to read.
[全国版][高三英语专题][第5讲 非谓语动词]讲义(学生版)
第5 讲非谓语动词 1.非谓语动词是高中英语教学的重点和难点，在高考中通常以单项填空、语法填空或短文改错的题型考查，分值在2-4 分。 2.非谓语动词的命题热点多是借助于基本概念，在语境中考查常用动词的各种非谓语形式以及个性动词后的非谓语形式。有时也涉及非谓语动词逻辑主语的一致性问题以及独立主格结构中非谓语的各种变化。 3.非谓语动词的灵活掌握不仅能够帮助学生提高语法得分，而且有助于学生 理解完形填空和阅读理解中的长难句，在写作中灵活使用非谓语动词更能使 文章显得地道和精炼，提高写作得分。
观看MV《王二小》，划出下列句子中的非谓语动词，并说明该非谓语动词在句中的成分。 1.Herding the cattle is Wang Erxiao’s job. 2.Wang Erxiao wanted to cheat the enemy. 3.The enemy found themselves lost in the mountain. 4.The wind spread the moving story all over China. 5.They caught Wang Erxiao to ask for directions.
非谓语动词的形式 非谓语动词 形式主动被动 不定式 to do to be done to be doing - to have done to have been done 现在分词 doing being done having done having been done 过去分词- done 动名词形式同现在分词
非谓语动词讲解
非谓语动词讲解1 一、判断下面中的谓语和非谓语形式： 1.Mr. Victor came to our classroom to have a talk with us last week. 2.Studying english is my favorite. 3.Jim was watching a late night film at home when, right in the middle of a thrilling scene, the television went blank. 4.Seen from the mountain, the city looks much more beautiful. 5.To help him is my duty. 6.The manager has been telling the workers how to improve the program since 9 am. 二、在下文这里找出非谓语动词形式：用横线划出 Carrying the heart fulled of joy，taking my little umbrella,I rushed into trees shaking their branches said hello to me, as return for their enthusiasm，I danced like a cute butterfly around straight,I noticed a some guys squatting under the eaves and they should avoid the rain,I guess. Soon,I arrived at the symbol of our city—Statue of Liberty(自由女神像) .Even though in the heavy rain，the statue raising her flame and holding the the Declaration of Independence was still splendid and ,I approached my home,surrounded by a pretty garden. I entirely experience the enjoyment of nature. "Honey,hurry! I can wait for you but the dinner can't" Mom is a little urgent. I entered the house... "Thanks! Mom" "And don't forget the homework to be done! " "Oh!Jesus!" 三、考谓语还是非谓语： 1. when we saw the road _________(block) with snow, we decided to spend the holiday at home. 2. the room is empty except for a bookshelf _________(stand) in one corner. 3. according to a survey in 2012, over 30 percent of the population of the city __________(persuade) into shopping in the mall. 4. when I got back home I saw a note pinned to the door, _________(read) “Sorry to miss you; I will call you later.” 5. for years the government of that country _________(ignore) their responsibility when it comes to the mentally ill. 6. I _________(give) a lesson in the classroom when you called me, so I didn’t answer it. quarrel __________(lead) to the fight started from their disbelief in each other. 8. –you look tired, Mike. --oh, I stayed up last night, ________(watch) the final of the Voice of China on TV.
非谓语动词讲义及练习
非谓语动词 非谓语动词包括不定式(to do)、动名词(－ing)、现在分词(－ing)与过去分词(－ed)。它们不受主语人称和数的限制， 动词不定式 定义：动词不定式是非谓语动词的一种，它没有人称和数的变化，在句子中不能独立作谓语，但它仍保持动词的特点，可以有自己的宾语和状语。 1. 不定式的一般式：一般式表示的动作或状态发生在谓语动词表示的动作或状态的同时或之后。当不定式的逻辑主语是这个不定式所表示的动作的承受者时，不定式一般要用被动式(to be done). eg: He seemed to be tired. The building to be finished next month is for our teachers. 2. 不定式的进行式：进行式表示动作正在进行，与谓语的动作同时发生。 e.g. When I went to his home, he happened to be traveling around the world. 3. 不定式的完成式：如果不定式所表示的动作或状态发生在谓语动词所表示动作或状态之前，就用完成式；若是在此基础上的被动含义，就用完成被动式( to have been done). e.g. He is said to have written a novel about the Long March. He is said to have been taught French when he was a child. 4. 不定式的完成进行式：如果不定式的动作是在谓语所表示的时间之前一直在进行或有可能继续进行的动作，就要用完成进行式. eg: We’re happy to have been working with the experts all the month. 二、不定式的用法： 1. 不定式做主语：不定式做主语一般表示具体的某次动作。而动名词doing 表示习惯的，经常的动作。 1)不定式作主语时,谓语用单数To do such things is foolish.
非谓语动词用法详解
非谓语动词用法详解 动词的非谓语形式有三种：不定式、动名词和分词 (一)不定式 不定式由“to十动词原形”构成，其否定形式是“not to do”．不定式可以带宾语或状语构成不定式短语，没有人称和数的变化，但有时态和语态的变化．不定式可作主语、宾语、状语、表语和定语，但不能单独作谓语．不定式的逻辑主语有时用“for十名词或代词宾格”构成． 1．不定式的用法： l)作主语．不定式短语作主语时，往往放在谓语之后，用it作形式主语．例如： To see is to believe． It is right to give up smoking． 2)作宾语．不定式短语作宾语时，如果还带有宾语补足语。往往把不定式宾语放在宾语补足语之后，而用it作形式宾语．例如： He wanted to go． I find it interesting to study work with him. 3)作宾语补足语．例如： He asked me to do the work with him. 注意：在feel，hear，listen to，look at，notice, observe，see，watch，have, let，make等词后的补足语中，不定式不带to．但是这些句子如果变成被动结构时，就必须带to．例如 I often hear him sing the song． He is often heard to sing the song． 注意：不定式动词在介词but，except，besides后面时，如果这些介词之前有行为动词do的各种形式，那么，这些介词后的不定式不带to，否则要带to．如： She could do nothing but cry. What do you like to do besides swim? I have no choice but to go． 动词help之后，带to或不带to都可以。 Will you please help me (to) take this suitcase? 请你帮我提一下这个衣箱好吗？She often helps her mother (to) clean their house. 她经常帮助她妈妈打扫房子。 4)作定语．例如： I have some books for you to read． 注①作定语的不定式如果是不及物动词，或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点、工具等，不定式后面须有相应的介词．例如： He is looking for a room to live in． There is nothing to worry about．
上海高考语法非谓语讲义(含学案)
语法专项非谓语 非谓语动词是英语学习的难点，也是语法填空题的重要考核点。 做语法填空时要先判断是否要填非谓语形式；然后根据句意判断使用非谓语动词的何种形式：不定式、动名词还是分词。对于非谓语部分，我们要掌握其形式和用法。 一、动词不定式 表示一般的状态；表示动作时有时与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生，有时发生在谓语动词的动作之后。 例句：（请在划线部分填上所给词的正确形式） ●他似乎知道这件事。 He seems ____________ (know) this matter. ●他们邀请我们今年夏天去那儿。 They invited us ___________ ( go ) there this summer. (2)不定式的进行式 表示动作正在进行，与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生。 ●他假装在认真地听老师讲课。 He pretended ___________________ (listen) to the teacher carefully. (3)不定式的完成式 表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前。 ●对我来说，在你们国家玩了这么多地方是一件很荣幸的事情。 It’s an honor for me _________________(travel) so many places in your country. (4)不定式的完成进行式 表示动作从过去某个时间开始，一直延续到现在，并有可能持续下去。 ●据说她很多年一直在研究这个问题、 She is known ______________ (work) on the problem for many years. (5)不定式的被动式 当不定式的逻辑主语是其动作的承受者时，就用被动式。 ●他要求被派往农村工作。 He asked ________________(send) to work in the countryside. ●对他来说，被老师责备是一件好事。 It's a good thing for him ________________ (scold) by the teacher.
高中英语语法讲解【非谓语动词】
高中英语语法讲解【非谓语动词】【专题要点】 非谓语动词和独立主格结构主要用法如下： 1.动名词和动词不定式作主语、宾语； 2.只跟动名词作宾语的动词或动词短语； 3.只跟动词不定式作宾语的常见动词； 4.既可以跟动名词又可以跟动词不定式作宾语，且意义不同的动词或短语； 5.不定式、现在分词、过去分词作宾语补足语的区别； 6.不定式、现在分词、过去分词作定语时的区别； 7.不定式、现在分词、过去分词作状语时的区别； 8.动名词的复合结构在句中作状语； 9.there be 结构的两种非谓语形式； 10.独立主格结构在句中作状语； 11.with复合结构在句中作状语或定语。 【教法指引】 非谓语动词包括不定式、v-ing形式和过去分词，是高中英语学习的难点，也是高考考查的重点。高中英语非谓语动词是一个重要考点，教师在引导学生复习备考中要注意重点突出、训练得当，尤其是对以下要点的复习： 1.不定式、现在分词与过去分词的用法区别； 2.非谓语动词的主动式与被动式； 3.非谓语动词完成式的用法； 4.非谓语动词用作伴随状语； 5.非谓语动词用作目的状语； 6.非谓语动词用作结果状语； 7.非谓语动词用作宾语补足语；
8.非谓语动词的逻辑主语问题； 9.非谓语动词用作主语的问题； 10.“（be+）过去分词+介词”结构； 11.动名词的复合结构和there be结构的非谓语动词形式。 对于独立主格结构的复习，教师必须要讲清它的构成方式和在句子中的作用以及与with复合结构和分词之间的辨析的关系。 【知识网络】 非谓语动词主要包括不定式、动名词和现在分词。为了区分这三种不同的非谓语动词的用法和含义，我们将分别从三种非谓语动词在句子中做主语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、状语、表语以及一些特殊结构句型等角度来区分其用法和细微含义。 1．不定式和动名词作主语的区别 （1）动名词作主语通常表示抽象动作；而不定式作主语表示具体动作。 Smoking is prohibited（禁止）here．这里禁止抽烟。（抽象） It is not very good for you to smoke so much．你抽这么多烟对你身体很不好。（具体）（2）动名词作主语时，通常用以表示一件已知的事或经验。 不定式短语通常用来表示一件未完成的事或目的。 Climbing mountains is interesting．爬山很有趣。（经验） Driving a car during the rush hour is tiring．在高峰时刻开车令人厌烦。（经验） （3）不定式做主语，一般用it当形式主语，把作主语的不定式短语后置。 It took me only five minutes to finish the job.我只花了五分钟的时间来完成这项工作。 2．不定式、动名词和分词作表语的区别 （1）不定式作表语 1）不定式作表语一般表示具体动作，特别是表示将来的动作。 To do two things at a time is to do neither．--次做两件事等于未做。 What I would suggest is to start work at once. 我的建议是立刻开始干。
(完整版)动词的非谓语动词形式讲解
动词的非谓语形式：动词不做谓语时的固定形式。 (1)动词的非谓语形式包括动词不定式、动名词和分词三种形式；其中分词又包含现在分 词和过去分词两种形式。它们在句子中不能单独作谓语。 (2)动词不定式： ①形式：动词不定式基本形式由“不定式记号to+动词原形”构成。它的否定形式只 要在“to”前面加上“not”。它的疑问形式是：“wh-疑问词+to+动词原形”。*它 的被动形式：“to be +过去分词”。*它的完成形式：“to have +过去分词”。 ②动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征,即可以在句子中作主语、宾语、定语、 状语、表语和宾语补足语。但不定式也保留动词的某些特征,即不定式后面可以跟 宾语、表语和状语。动词不定式加上相关成分就构成不定式短语。 ③动词不定式可以放在谓语前句子作主语。但是通常将作主语的动词不定式或不定式 短语放在谓语后面,而在主语位置用“it”作形式主语(有时在不定式的前面还会用 for sb.表示不定式的逻辑主语)。如：To help animals is helping people.(帮助动物就 是帮助人)/ It is very difficult (for us) to learn Chinese well.((对于我们而言)学好汉语 是非常的困难)/ It took me half an hour to work out this problem.(解出这道题花了我 一个小时的时间) ④动词不定式可以作谓语动词(及物动词)的宾语。 to have a rest began to search the room for the thief.(他们开始在屋子里搜寻小偷)/ He liked to have a swim in the pool near his house.(他喜爱在靠家的水塘里面游泳)/ When did you learn to speak English?(你什么时候开始学英语的？)/ Don’t forget to close the door when you leave.(你离开时别忘了关门 [比较] He forgot to turn off the light.(他忘了关灯.) (没关)/ He forgot turning off the light.(他忘记关过灯.)(关了) /Please remember to ring me up.(记得给我打电 话.)(还没打电话) / I remember calling you yesterday but you forgot.(我记得昨天给 你打电话了,但是你忘记了.)(打过电话)