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Hawthorne’s “black vision” of life and human beings

Hawthorne’s “black vision” of life and human beings
Hawthorne’s “black vision” of life and human beings

Hawthorne’s “black vision” of life and human beings

09 英4

As we can see, Hawthorne’s literary world turns out to be a most disturbed, tormented and problematical one possible to imagine. This has much to do with his “black vision” of life and human beings, especially in The Scarlet Letter,this kind of writing characteristic can be tracked most adequately. So ,what is black vision exactly?

Section1.The Hawthorne’s black vision of life and human beings

According to Hawthorne, “There is evil in every human heart, which may remain latent, perhaps, through the whole life, but circumstances may rouse it to activity ”. One source of evil that Hawthorne is concerned most is overreaching intellect, which usually refers to someone who is too proud, too sure of himself. He believed that “the wrong doing of one generation lives into the successive ones,” Hawthorne looks around the world with black glasses, the more sins they saw, and the darker the world is. The central subject of Hawthorne’s works is human soul. It is in his exploration of human’s soul—especially the dark side, that Hawthorne reveals his criticism of life. There were lots of ghosts, spirit die, grave, ghost black veil shuttle in and out in his works, and also the fate, evil and love were wandering around the character of his works all the time. He reveals the evil and ugly side hidden inside human’s soul by using mask, veil, shadow, and symbolism, ironic and ambiguous writing style.

At the same time, as the influence of mysticism, Hawthorne considered the objective material world as the feint, and the essential of it was ghost. Therefore he tried to use symbol to reveal the conceal meaning in writing. In order to dig out the “evil inside everyone”. He was favor at writing the horror of super-nature, the weird of environment, the dark, abnormal of psychological activities.

But those things were not created to scared people, but to explore the evil and unfaithful thing in history. What’s more, they are used to satirize and criticize the society's injustices and the torment from the religion.

Section2. The background of Hawthorne’s black vision

First, Hawthorne’s Life Experience

Hawthorne was a sinner in history: he had persecuted the puritans that once he met a puritan who was named Ann Colman to a carriage and whipped him.

And Hawthorne was interested in the history of family very much. When he was a little boy, he read books which recorded the anecdotes and deeds about his ancestors. Hawthorne was not so compliment with the behaviors of his grandfathers, therefore he came to realized that sins and evils were born in human’s mind, and came to recognized that the center of life is about darkness. The theory about original sin of Puritanism had deeply impressed him.

Hawthorne was a shy man who likes to be alone and always keeps silence most of the time. This related to his childhood environment. His father who was a captain of a business ship died during a trip in Caribbean Sea. With no choice he and his family had to live in grandpa’s house, which makes him self-abased. The whole

family keep themselves inside the house and seldom go outside, they went outside when the dark had come only. His sisters talk very little; the whole family lives a life like ghost. The lonely person hates loneliness, and they always keep themselves insolated with society and afraid of far away from it at the same time.

Second, Hawthorne’s Education

When Hawthorne was 6, he already read Pilgrim’s Progress. The first book he purchased was Faerie Queene. He read Godwin and Scott’s novels, his favor of history and mystery become much greater. It had been considered as his nature to tell that the world is the cover of fable story.

In 1821, Hawthorne attended to Bowdoin College. At that time, He did read a lot. The most beneficial part he gained from college was that he learned to think independently and built up the spirit of skeptical and the direction of his writing. Third, Cultural Background

The literat ure term “American Romanticism” was first applied to the writers of the 18th century in Europe who broke away the formal rules of the classical writing. When it was in American literature, it referred to the writers of the middle of the 19th century who stimulated the sentimental emotions of their readers. They wrote the mysteries of life, love, birth and death. The romantic writers expressed themselves freely and without restraint. They wrote all kinds of materials: poetry, essays, plays, fiction, history, works of travel and biography. It reached its peak with the appearance of the major authors of the 19th century such as Edgar Allan Poe, Walt Whitman and Emily Dickinson in poetry, and Nathaniel Hawthorne and Herman Melville in fiction. Section3.The usage of Hawthorne’s black vision in The Scarlet Letter.

In The Scarlet Letter, the whole story and characters were delivering his black vision. The spot of the author was not focus on the relationship between the characters; he was more like a teacher talking about the impact both on emotional and mental to the one who violated the forbidden rules. This kind of impact was revealed deeply by Hester, Dimmesdale and Chillingworth, the main characters in The Scarlet Letter. Hester

She was insolated with a scarlet letter A in her breast. But her response to it was positive. She didn’t leave or be self-abased, but faced the reality and tried hard to rebuild the relationship between her and the society. She had a good sense to the hidden evils of others and had a refresh mind about human’s soul. Thus she was toughly mental. Understanding and sympathy became her passport to reenter the society. The line linking her and the society, though torturing her, she still kept it At last she was succeeded in building up an honest, meaningful new relationship with the society.

Hester is a positive character in Hawthorne’s black vision; she was a light in the darkness. She came to know the evil that was hidden in everyone’s soul, and she felt it, live with it and understood it. Hawthorne had put her guilt and innocent together in a unique and harmony way, it tries to tell people that a man can overcome all the difficulties if you have faith and never give it up.

Dimmesdale

The name of Dimmesdale was actually a symbol in Hawthorne’s work. It had the meaning of misfortune or glen. He was the origin of the tragedy. The way he dealt with his own sin was to lock it deep inside his glen-like heart. Which leaves no room for him to feel peace; and the burden of misery; pain and sadness on his shoulder were breaking his back. He cut off all his connection with the society and with the other people. He became a living ghost in the world.

That Hawthorne put those two characters together was attempted to tell a rule: the best way people want to live a life is honest and frank, keeping communicating with the world all the time, unfolding the weakness inside you. The two characters just represent each sides of this rule. Hester’s attitude was a positive one and Dimmesdale’s was a negative one. And the result of them was totally different. The former one became a succeed personnel from a sinner, the latter one became a ghost sinner from a successful preach. Both of their life was in a gloomy. The whole setting in it was not a cheerful one, which is the tone of Hawthorne’s black vision. Chillingworth

In The Scarlet Letter, Chillingworth’s sin was he had eroded the holy human mind. His name Chillingworth was also a symbol, it has the meaning of fearful and owe. He tried his best to dig into the young clergy’s heart; the way he explored and touched the poor clergy’s heart just like a man who searched the treasures within darkness. Hester called him “devil”, in Dimmesdale’s eyes he was the worst sinner in the whole world. In Hawthorne’s consideration he would die with no doubt. After Dimmesdale conformed his sin and died, the spirit of Chillingworth left him, like the light of life disappeared from his confused and numbed face. The last word of the young clergy “your sins are extremely serious too” is like the last sense of God hit onto him.

The three main characters were all the reflection of Hawthorne’s black vision, it was revealed all around the novel. Sin, evil, dead, revenge were all the represent of it. The Scarlet Letter is the dark flower of original sin.

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(一)文学常识 一、古希腊罗马 1.(1)宙斯(罗马神话称为朱庇特),希腊神话中最高的天神,掌管雷电云雨,是人和神的主宰。 (2)阿波罗,希腊神话中宙斯的儿子,主管光明、青春、音乐、诗歌等,常以手持弓箭的少年形象出现。 (3)雅典那,希腊神话中的智慧女神,雅典城邦的保护神。 (4)潘多拉,希腊神话中的第一个女人,貌美性诈。私自打开了宙斯送她的一只盒子,里面装的疾病、疯狂、罪恶、嫉妒等祸患,一齐飞出,只有希望留在盒底,人间因此充满灾难。“潘多拉的盒子”成为“祸灾的来源”的同义语。 (5)普罗米修斯,希腊神话中造福人间的神。盗取天火带到人间,并传授给人类多种手艺,触怒宙斯,被锁在高加索山崖,受神鹰啄食,是一个反抗强暴、不惜为人类牺牲一切的英雄。 (6)斯芬克司,希腊神话中的狮身女怪。常叫过路行人猜谜,猜不出即将行人杀害;后因谜底被俄底浦斯道破,即自杀。后常喻“谜”一样的人物。与埃及狮身人面像同名。 2.荷马,古希腊盲诗人。主要作品有《伊利亚特》和《奥德赛》,被称为荷马史诗。《伊利亚特》叙述十年特洛伊战争。《奥德赛》写特洛伊战争结束后,希腊英雄奥德赛历险回乡的故事。马克思称赞它“显示出永久的魅力”。 3.埃斯库罗斯,古希腊悲剧之父,代表作《被缚的普罗米修斯》。6.阿里斯托芬,古希腊“喜剧之父”代表作《阿卡奈人》。 4.索福克勒斯,古希腊重要悲剧作家,代表作《俄狄浦斯王》。5.欧里庇得斯,古希腊重要悲剧作家,代表作《美狄亚》。 二、中世纪文学 但丁,意大利人,伟大诗人,文艺复兴的先驱。恩格斯称他是“中世纪的最后一位诗人,同时又是新时代的最初一位诗人”。主要作品有叙事长诗《神曲》,由地狱、炼狱、天堂三部分组成。《神曲》以幻想形式,写但丁迷路,被人导引神游三界。在地狱中见到贪官污吏等受着惩罚,在净界中见到贪色贪财等较轻罪人,在天堂里见到殉道者等高贵的灵魂。 三、文艺复兴时期 1.薄迦丘意大利人短篇小说家,著有《十日谈》拉伯雷,法国人,著《巨人传》塞万提斯,西班牙人,著《堂?吉诃德》。 2.莎士比亚,16-17世纪文艺复兴时期英国伟大的剧作家和诗人,主要作品有四大悲剧——《哈姆雷特》、《奥赛罗》《麦克白》、《李尔王》,另有悲剧《罗密欧与朱丽叶》等,喜剧有《威尼斯商人》《第十二夜》《皆大欢喜》等,历史剧有《理查二世》、《亨利四世》等。马克思称之为“人类最伟大的戏剧天才”。 四、17世纪古典主义 9.笛福,17-18世纪英国著名小说家,被誉为“英国和欧洲小说之父”,主要作品《鲁滨逊漂流记》,是英国第一部现实主义长篇小说。10.弥尔顿,17世纪英国诗人,代表作:长诗《失乐园》,《失乐园》,表现了资产阶级清教徒的革命理想和英雄气概。 25.拉伯雷,16世纪法国作家,代表作:长篇小说《巨人传》。 26.莫里哀,法国17世纪古典主义文学最重要的作家,法国古典主义喜剧的创建者,主要作品为《伪君子》《悭吝人》(主人公叫阿巴公)等喜剧。 五、18世纪启蒙运动 1)歌德,德国文学最高成就的代表者。主要作品有书信体小说《少年维特之烦恼》,诗剧《浮士德》。 11.斯威夫特,18世纪英国作家,代表作:《格列佛游记》,以荒诞的情节讽刺了英国现实。 12.亨利·菲尔丁,18世纪英国作家,代表作:《汤姆·琼斯》。 六、19世纪浪漫主义 (1拜伦, 19世纪初期英国伟大的浪漫主义诗人,代表作为诗体小说《唐璜》通过青年贵族唐璜的种种经历,抨击欧洲反动的封建势力。《恰尔德。哈洛尔游记》 (2雨果,伟大作家,欧洲19世纪浪漫主义文学最卓越的代表。主要作品有长篇小说《巴黎圣母院》、《悲惨世界》、《笑面人》、《九三年》等。《悲惨世界》写的是失业短工冉阿让因偷吃一片面包被抓进监狱,后改名换姓,当上企业主和市长,但终不能摆脱迫害的故事。《巴黎圣母院》 弃儿伽西莫多,在一个偶然的场合被副主教克洛德.孚罗洛收养为义子,长大后有让他当上了巴黎圣母院的敲钟人。他虽然十分丑陋而且有多种残疾,心灵却异常高尚纯洁。 长年流浪街头的波希米亚姑娘拉.爱斯梅拉达,能歌善舞,天真貌美而心地淳厚。青年贫诗人尔比埃尔.甘果瓦偶然同她相遇,并在一个更偶然的场合成了她名义上的丈夫。很有名望的副教主本来一向专心于"圣职",忽然有一天欣赏到波希米亚姑娘的歌舞,忧千方百计要把她据为己有,对她进行了种种威胁甚至陷害,同时还为此不惜玩弄卑鄙手段,去欺骗利用他的义子伽西莫多和学生甘果瓦。眼看无论如何也实现不了占有爱斯梅拉达的罪恶企图,最后竟亲手把那可爱的少女送上了绞刑架。 另一方面,伽西莫多私下也爱慕着波希米亚姑娘。她遭到陷害,被伽西莫多巧计救出,在圣母院一间密室里避难,敲钟人用十分纯朴和真诚的感情去安慰她,保护她。当她再次处于危急中时,敲钟人为了援助她,表现出非凡的英勇和机智。而当他无意中发现自己的"义父"和"恩人"远望着高挂在绞刑架上的波希米亚姑娘而发出恶魔般的狞笑时,伽西莫多立即对那个伪善者下了最后的判决,亲手把克洛德.孚罗洛从高耸入云的钟塔上推下,使他摔的粉身碎骨。 (3司汤达,批判现实主义作家。代表作《红与黑》,写的是不满封建制度的平民青年于连,千方百计向上爬,最终被送上断头台的故事。“红”是将军服色,指“入军界”的道路;“黑”是主教服色,指当神父、主教的道路。 14.雪莱,19世纪积极浪漫主义诗人,欧洲文学史上最早歌颂空想社会主义的诗人之一,主要作品为诗剧《解放了的普罗米修斯》,抒情诗《西风颂》等。 15.托马斯·哈代,19世纪英国作家,代表作:长篇小说《德伯家的苔丝》。 16.萨克雷,19世纪英国作家,代表作:《名利场》 17.盖斯凯尔夫人,19世纪英国作家,代表作:《玛丽·巴顿》。 18.夏洛蒂?勃朗特,19世纪英国女作家,代表作:长篇小说《简?爱》19艾米丽?勃朗特,19世纪英国女作家,夏洛蒂?勃朗特之妹,代表作:长篇小说《呼啸山庄》。 20.狄更斯,19世纪英国批判现实主义文学的重要代表,主要作品为长篇小说《大卫?科波菲尔》、《艰难时世》《双城记》《雾都孤儿》。21.柯南道尔,19世纪英国著名侦探小说家,代表作品侦探小说集《福尔摩斯探案》是世界上最著名的侦探小说。 七、19世纪现实主义 1、巴尔扎克,19世纪上半叶法国和欧洲批判现实主义文学的杰出代表。主要作品有《人间喜剧》,包括《高老头》、《欧也妮·葛朗台》、《贝姨》、《邦斯舅舅》等。《人间喜剧》是世界文学中规模最宏伟的创作之一,也是人类思维劳动最辉煌的成果之一。马克思称其“提供了一部法国社会特别是巴黎上流社会的卓越的现实主义历史”。

车间常用英语

【文件编号】 中材科技风电叶片车间常用英语 受控状态__________ 发放编号__________ 编制:__________ 审核:__________ 批准:__________

目录 组件/Parts (4) 设备&工装/Equipments&Devices (4) 材料/Material (5) 玻纤类/Fabric (5) 芯材类/ Core Material (5) 耗材类/Consumables (6) 辅材类/Adding Material (6) 树脂&粘接胶/Resin &Glue (6) 油漆&腻子/Paint& Filler (6) 避雷系统/Lightning Protection System (6) 金属件/Metal Pieces (7) 2.工艺过程常用中英文词汇对照表 (7) 工序类/Procedure (7) 模具调试/Mold Debug (8) 来料检查/ Incoming Inspection (8) 铺层/Lamination (8) 灌注&预固化/Infusion&Pre-curing (9) 粘接/Bonding (9) 后处理/ Post-processing (10) 3. 缩写/ Abbreviation (10) 4. 维修工艺/ Maintenance Craft (14) 4.1 真空灌注工艺维修方案/Infusion Process (14) 4.1.1维修流程/Repaire Flow Diagram (14) 4.1.2主要流程工序/Primary Process Flow (14) 4.2 手糊真空袋压工艺/Hand-layup Vacuum Bag Molding Process (17) 4.2.1 维修流程/Repaire Flow Diagram (17) 4.2.2 主要流程工序/Primary Process Flow (17)

外国名著赏析论文

题目:浅析从简爱到女性的尊严和爱 学院工商学院 专业新闻学3 学号 姓名闫万里 学科外国文学名着赏析 [摘要] 十九世纪中期,英国伟大的女性存在主义先驱,着名作家夏洛蒂勃朗特创作出了她的代表作--《简爱》,当时轰动了整个文坛,它是一部具有浓厚浪漫主义色彩的现实主义小说,被认为是作者"诗意的生平"的写照。它在问世后的一百多年里,它始终保持着历史不败的艺术感染力。直到现在它的影响还继续存在。在作品的序幕、发展、高潮和结尾中,女主人公的叛逆、自由、平等、自尊、纯洁的个性都是各个重点章节的主旨,而这些主旨则在女主人公的爱情观中被展露的淋漓尽致,它们如同乌云上方的星汉,灼灼闪耀着光芒,照亮着后来的女性者们追求爱情的道路。? [关键词] 自尊个性独特新女性主义自由独立平等 《简爱》是一部带有自转色彩的长篇小说,它阐释了这样一个主题:人的价值=尊严+爱。从小就成长在一个充满暴力的环境中的简爱,经历了同龄人没有的遭遇。她要面对的是舅妈的毫无人性的虐待,表兄的凶暴专横和表姐的傲慢冷漠,尽管她尽力想“竭力赢得别人的好感”,但是事实告诉她这都是白费力气的,因此她发出了“不公平啊!--不公平!”的近乎绝望的呼喊。不公平的生长环境,使得简爱从小就向往平等、自由和爱,这些愿望在她后来的成长过程中表现无疑,

譬如在她的爱情观中的种种体现。? 1.桑菲尔德府? 谭波儿小姐因为出嫁,离开了洛伍德学校,同时也离开了简爱,这使简爱感觉到了“一种稳定的感觉,一切使我觉得洛伍德学校有点像我家的联想,全都随着她消失了”,她意识到:真正的世界是广阔的,一个充满希望和忧虑、激动和兴奋的变化纷呈的天地,正等待着敢于闯入、甘冒风险寻求人生真谛的人们。意识形态的转变促使着简爱走向更广阔的社会,接受社会的挑战,尽管她才只有十八岁。于是,简爱来到了桑菲尔德府,当了一名在当时地位不高的家庭教师。?桑菲尔德府使简爱感受到“这儿有想象中的完美无缺的家庭安乐气氛”,事实证明了她的预感的正确性,。从和简爱相见、相识到相爱的过程当中,简爱的那种叛逆精神、自强自尊的品质深深地征服了罗切斯特,而罗切斯特的优雅风度和渊博知识同样也征服了简爱。最初开始,简爱一直以为罗切斯特会娶高贵漂亮的英格拉姆为妻,她在和罗切斯特谈到婚姻时,曾经义正言辞的对罗切斯特说:“你以为因为我穷,低微,不美,矮小,就没有灵魂了吗?你想错了!我跟你一样有灵魂—也同样有一颗心!我现在不是凭着肉体凡胎跟你说话,而是我的心灵在和你的心灵说话,就好像我们都已经离开人世,两人平等地站在上帝面前—因为我们本来就是平等的。”这充分表现出简爱的叛逆,她这种维护妇女独立人格、主张婚姻独立自主以及男女平等的主张可以看成是他对整个人类社会自由平等的向往追求,罗切斯特正是爱上了她这样的独特个性,同时他也同样重复道:我们本来就是平等的。罗切斯特自始自终爱的是简爱的心灵—有着意志的力量,美德和纯洁的心灵,正是基于如此,简爱才真正的爱着罗切斯特。因为爱情是来不得半点虚假的,一方为另一方付出了真情的爱,假如得到对方的是虚情假意,那么这份爱

spar平台

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