情态动词和虚拟语气
谓语动词(情态动词、虚拟语气)
要点一情态动词的基本用法
1.can,could
【温馨提示】 can有时也用于肯定句,表示理论上的可能性或一时的情况。常译为“有时会”。
2.may,might
【温馨提示】 may表示请求许可时,其否定回答一般用mustn’t。may not意为“可能不”,而can’t意为“不可能”。
3.will,would
【温馨提示】 would表示过去的习惯时仅指动作,而且不与现在作对比;used to表示过去的习惯动作或状态,而且与现在作对比,说明现在这种动作或状态已经不存在。
4.shall,should,ought to
5.must,have to
【温馨提示】 (1)在回答must 的问句时,否定回答通常用needn ’t 或don ’t have to 。(2) mustn ’t 表示“禁止;不许”;而don ’
t have to 表示“不必”。(3) must 只有一种形式,而have to 有人称、时态的变化。
6.need 的用法
7.dare 的用法
【温馨提示】 (1)dare用作情态动词有dare,dared两种形式。
(2)dare用作实义动词,后接不定式,不定式符号to可省去,但dare以动词-ing形式出现时,不定式符号to不能省略。
要点二“情态动词+have done ”的用法
1.must have done表示对过去已发生的事情进行肯定的推断,只用于肯定句中,意为“一定,必定”,其否定形式为:can’t/cannot have done。
It must have rained last night,for the road was quite wet.
昨晚肯定下雨了,因为路面十分潮湿。
I saw Mr Wang just now.He can’t have gone abroad.
刚刚我还看见王先生了,他不可能已经出国了。
2.could have done意为“本来可以……,本来能够……”,表示虚拟语气。
You could have made greater progress,but you didn’t try your best.
你本来可以取得更大的进步,但是你没有努力。
3.may/might have done表示对过去已发生的事情进行推断,意为“可能/或许已经……”。其否定形式为: may/might not have done意为“可能没有做……”。
It’s no use going to his house.He may not have gone home.He may have gone somewhere else.
去他家没用。他可能没有回家,可能已经去了别的地方。
4.should/ought to have done表示本应该做某事,却没有做,含有责备或后悔之意。其否定形式为should not/ought not to have done表示“本不该做某事却做了”。
With all the work finished,I should have gone to the party last night.
所有的工作都做完了,我昨晚本该去参加宴会的。
You ought not to have made fun of him.He is not the one you laugh at but learn from.你本不应该取笑他的。他不是你要嘲笑的人而是你应该学习的榜样。
5.needn’t have done表示“本没有必要做某事却做了”,多用于否定句中。
You needn’t have waken me up;I don’t have to go to work today.
你本不必叫醒我的;我今天不上班。
注意:needn’t do表示“没有必要去做某事”,时间上应该是现在或将来。
You needn’t telephone him now,for he isn’t at home.
你现在不必打给他,因为他不在家。
6.would have done表示“本来会做……而事实上未做到”。
Without your help,I wouldn’t have achieved so much.
没有你的帮助,我是不会取得如此大的成绩的。
要点三虚拟语气在非真实条件句中的用法
（一）基本用法
(二)混合虚拟语气
有时非真实条件句的动作和主句的动作不同时发生,或主从句的动作有一个是事实,这种情况下谓语动词要根据各自的具体情况来确定。如:
If he had worked hard at his lesson,he would be in college now.
如果他努力学习,现在已经考上大学了。
(三)含蓄虚拟语气
有时非真实条件不是通过if引导的条件来表现的,而是通过一些词或短语来表示,如without,but for,otherwise,but等。如:
I couldn’t have finished the work on time without your help.
如果没有你的帮助,我无法按时完成这项工作。
But for your timely warning,we would have got into great trouble.
如果没有你及时的提醒,我们已陷入大麻烦里。
(四)非真实条件句中省略if的用法
如果非真实条件句中有had,were,should,可省略if,而将had,were,should提前形成部分倒装。如:
Had he taken my advice,he would not have made such a mistake.如果他听取我的建议的话,他就不会犯这种错了。
Should it be sunny tomorrow,we would go hiking.
如果明天晴天,我们会去徒步旅行。
Were there no air or water,there would be no living things on the earth.如果没有空气和水,地球上也不会有生命。
要点四虚拟语气在其他从句中的应用
(一)虚拟语气在名词性从句中的运用
1.wish后面的宾语从句一般用虚拟语气,表示一种不可能实现的愿望。其谓语动词构成形式为:一般过去时(宾语从句动作与wish同时);过去完成时(宾语从句动作先于wish);could/would+动词原形(宾语从句动作后于wish)。如: How I wish you had joined us in singing the song!
我多么希望你加入我们一起唱歌。
I wish you could accompany me to Shanghai next week.
我希望你下周陪我去。
2.在would rather/prefer后的宾语从句中。其宾语从句的谓语动词用一般过去时(be用were)表示对现在或将来的虚拟:宾语从句谓语动词用过去完成时表示对过去的虚拟。如:
I would rather they didn’t hear of the news.
我宁愿他们没听到那个消息。(对现在的虚拟)
I would rather/prefer I had not told him the bad news.
我宁愿没告诉他那个坏消息。(对过去的虚拟)
3.虚拟语气在as if/as though引导的从句中的运用
如果as if/as though引导的从句谓语动词所表达的动作与主句谓语动词所表达的动作同时发生,as if/as though 引导的从句谓语动词用一般过去时;如果as if/as though引导的从句谓语动词所表达的动作先于主句谓语动词所表达的动作,as if/as though引导的从句谓语动词用过去完成时;如果as if/as though引导的从句谓语动词所表达的动作后于主句谓语动词所表达的动作,as if/as though引导的从句谓语动词用过去将来时。如:
He looks as if he were an artist.(同时)
他看起来像个艺术家。
She speaks English so fluently as if she had studied English in America.(先于)
她讲英语如此流利,好像她在美国学过英语一样。
He learns English so hard as if he would go to the U.S.A.(后于)
他如此努力地学英语,好像他要去美国一样。
4.用于表示建议、愿望、命令等动词后的宾语从句中。常见的动词
有:demand,order,require,insist,suggest,propose,advise,request,
urge,command,desire,recommend等。这些动词后的宾语从句中的虚拟语气结构为“(should+)动词原形”。如:
He recommended that the task should be finished tomorrow.
他建议明天一定把任务完成。
(二)虚拟语气在其他句型中的用法
1.It is (high) time(that)...句型中
该句中,定语从句的谓语动词用一般过去时。此句型意为“(现在)该……”,用来表示提议。如:
It is (high) time that you went to school.
你该去上学了。
2.even if从句中的虚拟语气
在even if/even though引导的让步状语从句中,表示与所发生的事实相反时,应采用虚拟语气,其让步状语从句中虚拟语气的构成形式与条件句中虚拟语气的构成形式相同。如:
Nothing could have saved him even if he had been tended without delay.
什么都挽救不了他,即使他的看护没有被延误。
3.在其他状语从句中的虚拟语气
在in case,lest,for fear that引导的状语从句中的虚拟语气,表示“以防,以免”,从句谓语动词常为“should+动词原形”。如:
He took his raincoat with him in case it should rain.
他带着雨衣以防下雨。
4.用于if only引导的感叹句中
If only+句子=How I wish+that从句(that可省略).如:
If only I were a flying bird!=How I wish I were a flying bird!
我要是一只飞鸟该多好啊!
If only I had seen the film!=How I wish I had seen the film!
我要是看了那部电影该多好啊!
练习题
1.Samuel,the tallest boy in our class, easily reach the books on the top shelf.(2017真题) 【答案】 can
【解析】考查情态动词。句意:塞缪尔是我们班最高的男生,他很轻松就能够到书架顶层上的书。表示能力,用can “能够”。
2.My room is a mess,but I clean it before I go out tonight.I can do it in the morning.(2017真题)
【答案】 needn’t
【解析】考查情态动词。句意:我的房间乱得一团糟,但是今晚出门前我不必打扫。我可以早上再打扫。根据后一句“我可以早上再打扫”可知,此处应用needn’t表示“不必做某事”。
3.—Do you have Betty’s phone number?
—Yes.Otherwise,I (be) able to reach her yesterday.(2017真题)
【答案】 wouldn’t have been
【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意:——你有贝蒂的吗?——是的。如果没有的话,昨天我就找不到她了。这是与过去事实相反的虚拟语气形式,空格所在的句子相当于主句,otherwise相当于一个条件状语从句,故用“情态动词+have done”的形式。
4.Although you find bargains in London,it’s not generally a cheap place to shop.(全国大纲真题)
【答案】 can
【解析】句意:尽管你在伦敦可能发现便宜货,但它总起来说还不是一个购物的便宜去处。表示可能性,故用can。
5.George (go) too far.His coffee is still warm.(真题)
【答案】 can’t have gone
【解析】句意:乔治不可能走太远。他的咖啡还是温的。can’t have done表示对过去否定的推测,意为“不可能已做了……”。
6.—Can’t you stay a little longer?
—It’s getting late.I really go now.My daughter is home alone.(真题)
【答案】 must
【解析】句意:——你不能再多待会儿吗?——太晚了。我必须要走了,我女儿一个人在家呢。由“时间不早了”和“女儿一个人在家”这两个条件可以推断出“我”必须要走了。所以填must。
7.—Sorry,Mum! I failed the job interview again.
—Oh,it’s too bad.You have made full preparations.(真题)
【答案】 should
【解析】句意:——对不起,妈妈。我面试又失败了。——噢,太糟糕了。你本应该做充分准备的。should have done 形式表示对过去的推测,意为“本应该……”。
8.If I (see) it with my own eyes,I wouldn’t have believed it.(真题)
【答案】 hadn’t seen
【解析】句意:如果不是亲眼看到,我是不会相信的。因为主句使用的是would have done的形式,所以从句使用过去完成时态,表示对过去的虚拟。
9.It is lucky we booked a room,or we (have) nowhere to stay now.(真题)
【答案】 would have
【解析】句意:幸运的是我们预定了一个房间,否则现在我们就没有地方待了。由时间状语now可知,主句是对现在的虚拟,所以使用would have。
典例1 You be careful with the camera.It costs!(真题)
【剖析】 must 句意:你一定要小心使用这部相机。它花了不少钱呢!后面一句It costs!使用了一般现在时,表达事实情况,再根据句意,相机价格昂贵,所以一定(must)要小心使用。
典例2 My book,The House of Hades,is missing.Who have taken it?(真题)
【剖析】 could 句意:我的书《海兹的房屋》不见了。是谁拿走了呢?结合语境可知,此处表示对过去情况的推测,用在疑问句中,表达可能性,故填could。
典例3 I still remember my happy childhood when my mother take me to Disneyland at weekends.(真题)
【剖析】 would 句意:我仍然记得我的幸福童年,那时我母亲总会在周末带我去迪士尼乐园。would表示过去的一种习惯。
1.No one be more generous;he has a heart of gold.
【答案】 can/could
【解析】句意:没有人比他更慷慨;他有一颗金子般的心。根据句意以及句子结构可知,此处是否定词和比较级连用表达最高级的含义,所以用can或could。
2.The door not open,no matter how hard she pushed.
【答案】 would
【解析】句意:不管她怎么用力推,门就是打不开。主句有“即使尽力想让某事发生也达不到预期的效果”的含义,所以用would not 表达。
3.He sleep,although he tried to,when he got on such a hunt for an idea until he had caught it.
【答案】 couldn’t
【解析】句意:当他苦苦想主意时,尽管他尽力去睡,但直到他想出主意来,他才能睡着。根据语境及“although he tried to”可知,此处说的是过去的能力,而且表示否定,填couldn’t。
情态动词与虚拟语气
情态动词与虚拟语气 【语法要点】 情态动词 所谓情态动词是指它含有一定的含义，可以表达某种感情和说话的语气，但是它不可以单独使用 作谓语动词。学习情态动词主要学习英语国家的语言习惯和表达法，特别是在口语中不要过分追求原理，更不要不根据说话场合而进行推理，编造出一些语法结构正确的中文式英语。 一、情态动词的类型 1.只作情态动词的有：must、can、could、may、might、ought to 2.既可作情态动词又可作实义动词的有：need、dare 3.既可作情态动词又可作助动词的有：shall、should、will、would 二、情态动词的特征 1.表示说话人的情感态度，不能单独作谓语，与行为动词或连系动词一起作谓语。 2.情态动词没有人称和数的变化，后接动词原形。 3.具有助动词的特征：可用来构成否定句、疑问句或简短答语。 三、情态动词的用法 1.表示能力 （1）表示现在的能力，用can 或be able to。表示一般的能力时多用can，表示“经过努力成功 的做成某事”用be able to。 （2）表示过去的能力，用could或was/were be able to。区别同上。 （3）表示将来的能力，用will be able to。 2.表示推测、可能性 （1）can 用在肯定句中表示客观的可能性，而不表示具体事情实际发生的可能性。 例如：Accidents can happy on such rainy days. （2）表示具体事情实际发生的可能性的情态动词，其表示可能性的层次如下表： 情态动词肯定式否定式疑问式 must 必定、必然、一定 will 很可能、大概不会、不该会,,吗？ would 可能性较will 小不会、不该（较won’t 弱）会,,吗？（较will 弱） should 应该会、理应（表示合乎理想的情况或结果） ought to 与should 同义 can 一定不会、不可能（否定推测）有可能吗？ could 可疑的可能不可能（与can’t 同义）有可能吗？（较can 弱）may 或许、可能、说不定可能不 might 或许、可能（较may 弱）可能不（较may not 弱） 注意→（1）may，must 常用于肯定句，一般不用于否定句和疑问句。 （2）can 常用于否定句，疑问句和感叹句中，表示疑惑、惊讶或不相信等意思。could 既可用于肯定句，又可用于否定句、疑问句中。
情态动词虚拟语气练习及答案
@ 情态动词和虚拟语气 1. Jack descried his father, who ________a brave boy many years ago, as a strong-wiled man A. would be B. would have been C. must be D. must have been ） 2. —Good morning. I've got an appointment with Miss Smith in the Personnel Department. —Ah, good morning. You _______ be Mrs. Peters. A. might B. must C. would D. can recommend parents _______ their children under 12 to ride bicycles to school for safety. ~ A. not allow B. do not allow C. mustn’t allow D. couldn’t allow 4. You_______ buy a gift, but you can if you want to. A. must B. mustn't C. have to D. don't have to 5. —I haven’t got the reference book yet, but I’ll have a test on the subject next month. —Don’t worry. You________ have it by Friday. A. could B. shall C. must D. may w_w w. k#s 6. I have told you the truth I keep repeating it A. Must B. Can C. May D. Will ~ 7. Doctors say that exercise is important for health, but it _______ be regular exercise. A. can B. will C. must D. may 8. Just be patient. You ________ expect the world to change so soon. A. can’t B. needn’t C. may not D. will not 9. I’m afraid Mr. Harding ________ see you now. He’s busy. A. can’t B. mustn’t C. shouldn’t D. needn’t 10. I _______ have watched that movie—it’ll give me horrible dreams. A. shouldn’t B. needn’t C. couldn’t D. mustn’t < 11. –May I take this book out of the reading room –No, you . You read it in here. A. mightn’t B. won’t C. needn’t D. mustn’t 12. —Sorry, Professor Smith. I didn't finish the assignment yesterday. — Oh, you _________ have done it as yesterday was the deadline. A. must B. mustn't C. should D. shouldn't 13. — _______ I take the book out —I'm afraid not. *
2018年高考英语真题分类汇编 专题06 情态动词和虚拟语气 含答案
专题六情态动词和虚拟语气 1.【2015·北京】29．—Can’t you stay a little longer? —It’s getting late. I really _____go now, My daughter is home alone. A .may B .can C . must D .dare 【答案】C 【解析】 试题分析：句意：——你不能再多待会儿吗?——很晚了，我必须得走了.我女儿一个人在家.A. may可能，可以，也许；B. can能，会；C. must必须，必然要，必定会；D. dare敢，胆敢.结合句意，故选C. 【考点定位】考查情态动词辨析 【名师点睛】本题是考查情态动词，这里考查的是语气的强度，在这里结合语境是“一定”的意思，所以要做好此类辨析题需掌握情态动词选项的语气并结合语境. 2.【2015·北京】34. If I _____it with my own eyes ,I wouldn’t have believed it. A . didn’t see B. weren’t seeing C. wouldn’t see D. hadn’t seen 【答案】D 【解析】 试题分析：句意：如果不是我亲眼看到，我不会相信.根据后半句wouldn’t have believed 可以判断是对过去的虚拟.所以从句是if+主语+ had+done的形式.故选D. 【考点定位】虚拟语气 【名师点睛】条件句中有if引导时,首先要根据句意和句子结构判断是真实条件句还是虚拟条件句,如果符合虚拟的结构,就可以根据句子中的时间和语意判断应该用哪种虚拟语气. 3.【2015·重庆】7. Without his wartime experiences, Hemingway____ his famous novel A Farewell to Arms. A.d idn’t write B. hadn’t written C. wouldn’t write D. wouldn’t have written 【答案】D 【解析】 试题分析：句意：没有他战时的经验，海明威就不可能写出著名的小说永别了武器.根据without his wartime experience没有战时的经历，可知表示对于过去的否定猜测，故主句
情态动词与虚拟语气
一．情态动词 1.---Could I borrow your dictionary? ----Yes,of course you_____. A.might B. will C. can D. should 2.---Shall we go skating or stay at home? ----Which _____do yourself? A.do you rather B.would you rather C.will you rather D.should you rather 3.It’s nearly seven o’clock.Jack ___be here at any moment. A. must B need C should D can 4.A computer __think for itself ,it must be told what to do. A. can’t B couldn’t C may not D might 5. Johnny,you ___play with the knife.You ___hurt yourself. A.won’t ;can’t B. mustn’t; may C. shouldn’t; must D. can’t; shouldn’t 6.—Shall I tell John about it? -----No,you _____.I’ve told him already. A. needn’t B.wouldn’t C. mustn’t D. shouldn’t 7.---Don’t forget to come to my birthday party tomorrow. ----______. A.I don’t B.I won’t C.I can’t D.I haven’t 8.He ____you more help,even though he was busy. A.might have given B.might give C.may have given D.may give 9.----There were already five people in the car but they managed to take me as well. ---It ___a comfortbable journey. A.can’t be B.shouldn’t be C.mustn’t have been D.couldn’t have been 10.I told Sally how to get there ,but perhaps I ___for her. A.had to write it out B.must to have written it out C.should have written it out D.ought to write it out 11.---When can I come for photos?I need them tomorrow afternoon. ---They ___be ready by 12:00. A.can B. should C might D need 12.---I stayed at a hotel while in New York. ----Oh,did you?You ____with Barbara. A.could have stayed B.could stay C.would stay D.must have stayed 13.-----Alice, you feed the bird today.____? -----But I fed it yesterday. A.do you B.will you C.didn’t you D.don’t you 14.The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone ____get out. A.had to B.would C.was able to D.could
情态动词和虚拟语气
情态动词和虚拟语气 情态动词的用法要点 一、表能力 Can Am/is/are able to 表现在的能力 Will be able to 表将来的能力 could Was/were able to 表过去得能力 Could have+过去分词：表示过去有能力做但未做 二、表推测（可能性） 1.可能性可分为客观的可能性和具体事情实际发生的可能性两种。所谓客观的（理论的）可能性即并不涉及 具体某事是否会发生，此种用法常常可以说明人或事物的特征。情态动词can可用于肯定句中表示客观的（理论的）可能性，而表示具体事情实际发生的可能性时，can一般不用于肯定句。 Accidents can happen on such rainy days. We may go to the cinema tonight, but we are not sure yet. 2.表示具体事情实际发生的可能性： （2）表示具体事情实际发生的可能性时，may, must 常用于肯定句，一般不用于否定句和疑问句（may not 表示“可能不”）；can常用于否定句、疑问句或感叹句中，表示疑惑、惊讶或不相信等意思；could既可用于肯定句又可用于否定句、疑问句中。 This can’t/ couldn’t be done by him. This may not be done by him. He could be on his way home now. Can this be done by him? Mr Mush is on time for everything. How can it be that he was late for the opening ceremony? I didn’t hear the phone. I must have been asleep. ---Are you coming to Jeff’party? ---I’m not sure. I might go to the concert instead. (3) would, could, should, might 并不一定与过去时间有关，而表示可能性弱于它们相应的现在时形式。 This may/ might be done by him. (4)should 表推测时，表示确定或可能有的未来或期望，即合乎理想的情况或结果 He ought to/ should be here on time---he started early enough. We should arrive before dark. The roads should be less crowded today. 三、表示请求、允许、允诺 1.当对方是决策者时，你代表你（们）自己（I, we），或代表第三者（he she they）向对方（you）请示或提 出建议时用：
2018年专四真题虚拟语气和情态动词 章振邦语法书页数标注
Subjunctive mood (P122, p. 129. P 143 动词过去完成体P181-190, 395)条件句 14. “I wondered if I could have a word with you.” The past tense in the sentence refers to a __B___. (p128) 2017 A. past event for exact time reference B. present event for tentativeness C. present event for uncertainty D. past event for politeness V. in specific contexts, the simple past can also denote the present or the future time. There are two uses. One is known as the attitudinal past (属于“表态性过去时” (attitudinal past), 即表示说话人当前的试探性态度, 而非过去时间, 多用于表示意愿或心理状态的动词) , that is , the past tense is associated with the present time in independent clauses expressing a question, request or suggestion. Its effect is to make the question/request/suggestion less direct, implying a polite, somewhat tentative attitude试探性态度，婉转语气on the part of the speaker. A: Did you want me? B.Yes, I wondered if you could give me some help . Want, wonder, think, hope
情态动词和虚拟语气
要点一情态动词的基本用法 ,could 【温馨提示】 can有时也用于肯定句,表示理论上的可能性或一时的情况。常译为“有时会”。 ,might 【温馨提示】 may表示请求许可时,其否定回答一般用mustn’t。may not意为“可能不”,而can’t意为“不可能”。 ,would 【温馨提示】 would表示过去的习惯时仅指动作,而且不与现在作对比;used to表示过去的习惯动作或状态,而且与现在作对比,说明现在这种动作或状态已经不存在。
,should,ought to ,have to 【温馨提示】 (1)在回答must的问句时,否定回答通常用needn’t或don’t have to。(2) mustn’t表示“禁止;不许”;而don’t have to表示“不必”。(3) must只有一种形式,而have to有人称、时态的变化。 的用法 的用法
【温馨提示】 (1)dare用作情态动词有dare,dared两种形式。 (2)dare用作实义动词,后接不定式,不定式符号to可省去,但dare以动词-ing形式出现时,不定式符号to不能省略。 要点二“情态动词+have done ”的用法 have done表示对过去已发生的事情进行肯定的推断,只用于肯定句中,意为“一定,必定”,其否定形式为:can’t/cannot have done。 It must have rained last night,for the road was quite wet. 昨晚肯定下雨了,因为路面十分潮湿。 I saw Mr Wang just can’t have gone abroad. 刚刚我还看见王先生了,他不可能已经出国了。 have done意为“本来可以……,本来能够……”,表示虚拟语气。 You could have made greater progress,but you didn’t try your best. 你本来可以取得更大的进步,但是你没有努力。 might have done表示对过去已发生的事情进行推断,意为“可能/或许已经……”。其否定形式为: may/might not have done意为“可能没有做……”。 It’s no use going to his may not have gone may have gone somewhere else. 去他家没用。他可能没有回家,可能已经去了别的地方。 ought to have done表示本应该做某事,却没有做,含有责备或后悔之意。其否定形式为should not/ought not to
情态动词和虚拟语气
谓语动词(情态动词、虚拟语气) 要点一情态动词的基本用法 【温馨提示】can有时也用于肯定句,表示理论上的可能性或一时的情况。常译为“有时会”。 2.may,might 【温馨提示】may表示请求许可时,其否定回答一般用mustn’t。may not意为“可能不”,而can’t意为“不可能”。 【温馨提示】would表示过去的习惯时仅指动作,而且不与现在作对比;used to表示过去的习惯动作或状态,而且与现在作对比,说明现在这种动作或状态已经不存在。 4.shall,should,ought to
5.must,have to 【温馨提示】 (1)在回答must 的问句时,否定回答通常用 needn ’t 或don ’t have to 。(2) mustn ’t 表示“禁止;不许”;而don ’t have to 表示“不必”。(3) must 只有一种形式,而have to 有人称、时态的变化。 7.dare 的用法 【温馨提示】 (1)dare 用作情态动词有dare,dared 两种形式。 (2)dare 用作实义动词,后接不定式,不定式符号to 可省去,但dare 以动词-ing 形式出现时,不定式符号to 不能省略。 要点二 “情态动词+have done ”的用法 1.must have done 表示对过去已发生的事情进行肯定的推断,只用于肯定句中,意为“一定,必定”,其否定形式为:can ’t/cannot have done 。 It must have rained last night,for the road was quite wet. 昨晚肯定下雨了,因为路面十分潮湿。 I saw Mr Wang just now.He can ’t have gone abroad. 刚刚我还看见王先生了,他不可能已经出国了。 2.could have done 意为“本来可以……,本来能够……”,表示虚拟语气。 You could have made greater progress,but you didn ’t try your best. 你本来可以取得更大的进步,但是你没有努力。 3.may/might have done 表示对过去已发生的事情进行推断,意为“可能/或许已经……”。其否定形式为: may/might not have done 意为“可能没有做……”。 It ’s no use going to his house.He may not have gone home.He may have gone somewhere else. 去他家没用。 他可能没有回家,可能已经去了别的地方。 4.should/ought to have done 表示本应该做某事,却没有做,含有责备或后悔之意。其否定形式为should not/ought not to have done 表示“本不该做某事却做了”。
(完整版)含有情态动词的虚拟语气
“would+have+done”虚拟语气，表示对过去事情的假设，意思是“本来会做” 1. I would have told you all about the boy's story, but you didn't ask me. 我本来会告诉你这个小男孩的故事，但是你没有问我。 2. Without your help, I wouldn't have achieved so much. 没有你的帮助，我是不会取得如此大的成绩。“could+have+done”是虚拟语气，表示对过去事情的假设，意思是本来能够做某事而没有做。 He could have passed the exam, but he was too careless. 本来他能够通过考试，但是他太粗心。 请看相关知识点： 一、“must+have+done”表示对过去事情的肯定推测，译成“一定做过某事”，该结构只用于肯定句。 1. It must have rained last night, for the ground is wet. 昨晚一定下雨了，因为地面还是湿的。 2. You must have been mad to speak to the servant. 你和仆人说话，一定是发疯了。 二、“can't+have+done”表示对过去事情的否定推测，译成“不可能做过某事”。 1. Mr. Smith can't have gone to Beijing, for I saw him in the library just now. 史密斯先生不可能去北京了，我刚才还在图书馆见过他。 2. Mary can't have stolen your money. She has gone home. 玛丽不可能偷你的钱，她回家去了。 三、“can+have+done”表示对过去行为的怀疑，用于疑问句，译成“可能做过……吗？”。 1. There is no light in the room. Can they have gone out? 屋里没有灯，他们可能出去了吗？ 2. There is nowhere to find them. Where can they have gone? 到处找不到他们，他们可能到什么地方去呢？ 四、“could+have+done”是虚拟语气，表示对过去事情的假设，意思是本来能够做某事而没有做。 He could have passed the exam, but he was too careless. 本来他能够通过考试，但是他太粗心。 五、“may+have+done”表示对发生过的事情的推测，意思是“可能已经”或“也许已经”，用于肯定句中。 —What has happened to George? —I don't know. He may have got lost. —乔治发生了什么事？
情态动词和虚拟语气
高效演练·跟踪检测区 语法填空 阅读下面材料, 在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。 1 Long ago, there was a mother and a son living in a house. She worked hard every day, but they were always poor. One day, her son stol e his friend’s bag. “Mom, 1. do you think of this bag? ”His mother 2. (scold)him, but she didn’t. “It looks great! ” The next time, he stole an overcoat. She praised him again after he stole it. A few years later, he grew up to be 3. young man. He stole jewelry and brought them to his mother. “How beautiful! ”This time, she did not scold her son again. Then, 4. he was pleased by his mother, he started to steal 5. (expensive)things. One day, the police caught him. Before putting him in jail, he begged the police to meet his mother. They took 6. to his mother. As soon as he saw his mother, he hit her ear lobe. “Ouch! What’s the matter with you? ”She finally scolded him. Her son answered, “If you 7. (give)me a scolding like that when I stole the first bag, I could not have become a thief. ” She collapsed as she looked at her son 8. (head)for the prison. “If only I 9. turn back time, I would scold him 10. (severe). ”Sh e regretted that she had always praised him, whatever he did.
2019年高考英语真题专题06 情态动词和虚拟语气
三年（2017-2019）年高考真题分项汇编 专题06 情态动词和虚拟语气 一、2019年高考真题 1.【2019·江苏卷·单项填空】31.What a pity! You missed the sightseeing, or we _________a good time together. A. had B. will have C. would have had D. had had 【答案】C 【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：真遗憾！你错过了这次观光，否则，我们本应该在一起度过一段愉快时光的。根据上文，可知是对过去事情的虚拟，与过去事实相反的假设。其句子结构为：从句：If+主语+过去完成时+其他，主句：主语+should(would, could, might)+现在完成时+其他，故选C。 2.【2019·天津卷·单项填空】14.The workers were not better organized, otherwise they ____________ the task in half the time. A. accomplished B. had accomplished C. would accomplish D. would have accomplished 【答案】D 【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：工人们没有被更好的组织起来，否则他们用一半的时间就能完成任务。根据上句the workers were not better organized可知，这是对过去事情的虚拟。与过去事实相反的假设。其句子结构为：从句：If+主语+过去完成时+其他，主句：主语+should(would, could, might)+现在完成时+其他，故选D。 二、2018年高考真题 1.【2018·江苏】24. It’s strange that he _______ have taken the books without the owner’s permission. A. would B. should C. could D. might 【答案】B 【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：真奇怪，他竟然没有主人的允许就拿走了这些书。在句型”It is important/necessary/strange/impossible/natural that...”中，其中由that引导的主语从句通常用“should+动词原形”这样的虚拟语气，其中的should可以省略。故选B。 点睛：本题考查虚拟语气。It is important/necessary/strange/impossible/natural that... 主语从句多数情况下用虚拟语气，表达一种要求、命令或者责备、建议或主观看法。但是如果只是表示陈述一个事实而不是强烈的感情，完全可以用一般的陈述语气。试比较：It is strange that he had made a mistake.（陈述一个事实：他犯
情态动词和虚拟语气
情态动词和虚拟语气 1. --- I haven't got the reference book yet, but I'll have a test on the subject next month. --- Don't worry. You_______ have it by Friday. A. could B. shall C. must D. may 2. --- I left my handbag on the train, but luckily someone gave it to a railway official. --- How unbelievable to get it back! I mean, someone_______ it. A. will have stolen B. might have stolen C. should have stolen D. must have stolen 3. --- She looks very happy. She_______ have passed the exam. --- I guess so. It’s not difficult after all. A. should B. could C. must D. might 4. George is going to talk about the geography of his country, but I’d rather he_______ more on its culture. A. focus B. focused C. would focus D. had focused 5. --- I’m sorry. I _______ at you the other day. --- Forget it. I was a bit out of control myself. A. shouldn’t shout B. shouldn’t have shouted C. mustn’t shout D. mustn’t have shouted 6. --- ________the plane have taken off on time? --- I'm afraid not. So many flights were delayed due to the bitterly cold weather. A. Need B. Should C. Can D. Must 7. --- I didn't attend Tom's wedding yesterday. --- I _________, either, if my friend hadn't reminded me. A. wouldn't B. wouldn't have C. didn't D. hadn't 8. We’re still at the airport. If it weren’t for the delayed flight, we ___________ the concert right now. A. can be enjoying B. must have enjoyed C. would be enjoying D. should have enjoyed 9. For environmental reasons, we _____________ as well take these waste products and have them recycled.
2017-2019高考英语真题分类解析---情态动词和虚拟语气
2017-2019高考英语真题分类解析-----情态动词和虚拟语气 一、2019年高考真题 1.【2019·江苏卷·单项填空】31.What a pity! You missed the sightseeing, or we _________a good time together. A. had B. will have C. would have had D. had had 【答案】C 【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：真遗憾！你错过了这次观光，否则，我们本应该在一起度过一段愉快时光的。根据上文，可知是对过去事情的虚拟，与过去事实相反的假设。其句子结构为：从句：If+主语+过去完成时+其他，主句：主语+should(would, could, might)+现在完成时+其他，故选C。 2.【2019·天津卷·单项填空】14.The workers were not better organized, otherwise they ____________ the task in half the time. A. accomplished B. had accomplished C. would accomplish D. would have accomplished 【答案】D 【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：工人们没有被更好的组织起来，否则他们用一半的时间就能完成任务。根据上句the workers were not better organized可知，这是对过去事情的虚拟。与过去事实相反的假设。其句子结构为：从句：If+主语+过去完成时+其他，主句：主语+should(would, could, might)+现在完成时+其他，故选D。 二、2018年高考真题 1.【2018·江苏】24. It’s strange that he _______ have taken the books without the owner’s permission. A. would B. should C. could D. might 【答案】B 【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：真奇怪，他竟然没有主人的允许就拿走了这些书。在句型”It is important/necessary/strange/impossible/natural that...”中，其中由that引导的主语从句通常用“should+动词原形”这样的虚拟语气，其中的should可以省略。故选B。 点睛：本题考查虚拟语气。It is important/necessary/strange/impossible/natural that... 主语从句多数情况下用虚拟语气，表达一种要求、命令或者责备、建议或主观看法。但是如果只是表示陈述一个事实而不是强烈的感情，完全可以用一般的陈述语气。试比较：It is strange that he had made a mistake.（陈述一个事实：他犯了错误让人有点奇怪。）It is strange that he (should) have made a mistake. （虚拟语气，说话者是在责备他本
情态动词和虚拟语气
第一课 1、I often see lights in that empty house.Do you think I report it to the police? A、should B、may C、will D、can 2、----The room is so dirty. we clean it? ----Of course. A、Will B、Shall C、Would D、Do 3、My English—Chinese dictionary has disappeared.Who have taken it? A、should B、must C、could D、would 4、It is suggested that a doctor immediately. A、be sent for B、send for C、is send for D、should send for 5、When he was there,he go to that coffee shop at the corner after work every day. A、would B、should C、had better D、might 6、Mary never does any reading in the evening, . A、so does John B、John does too C、John doesn’t too D、nor does John 7、----The computer is still on,could you have forgotten to turn it off? ----Yes,I . A、could have B、could C、must D、might have 8、Research findings show we spend about two hours dreaming every night,no matter what we during the day. A、may have done B、would have done C、must have done D、should have done 9、It’s 4 p.m.now and we’ve covered most of the distance.We arrive before dark. A、would B、should C、would rather D、have to 10、When the police took the suspect to the police station,he insisted that he the lady’s purse and that he free. A、not steal;be set B、didn’t steal;was set C、not steal;should be D、didn’t steal;be set 11、Jenny have kept her word.I wonder why she changed her mind. A、must B、should C、need D、would 12、he knew nothing about her. A、He appears as if B、It seems that C、It appears as if D、It seems as if 13、Peter come with us tonight,but he isn’t sure. A、must B、may C、can D、will 14、Helen go on the trip with us,but she isn’t quite sure yet. A、shall B、must C、may D、can 15、----There were already five people in the car,but they managed to take me as well.