词汇学术语
第一章
词word, lexis
词汇vocabulary，lexicon
本族词native words
外来词borrowed words
词汇学lexicology
形态学morphology
语义学semantics
词汇语义学lexical semantics
认知语义学cognitive semantics
词源学etymology
词典学lexicography
认知词典学cognitive lexicography
语料库语言学corpus linguistics
纵聚合关系paradigmatic relation
新词coinage
时髦词语buzzwords
第二章
词素morpheme
自由词素free form
粘着词素bound form\morpheme
变体allomorph
词根root
自由词根free root
粘着词根bound root
组合词素combining form
词缀affix
前缀prefix
后缀suffix
词缀法affixation
派生法derivation
派生词derivative
构词能力productivity
复合法compounding，composition
复合词compound
转化法conversion 或功能转化法functional shift 或转移法transmutation 零位后缀派生法derivation by zero suffix 或零位派生法zero derivation
第三章
拼缀法blending
截短法clipping
首字母拼写法acronmy
逆生法back formation
由专有名词而来words from proper names
拟声法onomatopoeia
缩略法abbreviation 或shortening
截短词clipped word
首字母缩略词initialism
首字母拼音词acronym
拼缀词blend
截除词尾apocope
截除词首aphaeresis
截除首尾front and back clipping
截除词腰syncope
缩约形式contractions
混成词telescope word
行囊词portmanteau word
拟声词onomatopoetic word 或imitative word或echo word 基本拟声词primary onomatopoeia
次要拟声词secondary onomatopoeia
第四章
语义sense
词义meaning
意义（概念）meaning（concept）
理据motivation
拟声理据onomatopoeic motivation
形态理据morphologic motivation
语义理据semantic motivation
词源理据etymologic motivation
固定意义timeless meaning 或字面意义literal meaning
应用固定意义applied timeless meaning
语义情景意义occasion meaning
说话者的情景意义utterer`s occasion meaning
概念意义conceptual meaning
外延意义denotative meaning
认知意义cognitive meaning
语义特征semantic features
语义成分semantic components
内涵意义connotative meaning
社会意义social meaning
情感意义affective meaning
褒义化appreciative
贬义化pejorative
依附性范畴parasitic category
联想意义reflective meaning
委婉词语euphemistic expressions
搭配意义collocative meaning
主题意义thematic meaning
语义成分分析法componential analysis
语义场理论semantic field theory
义素sememe 也称语义特征、语义成分或语义标示semantic markers
区别性语义特征distinctive semantic feature
表活动的词activity verb
表过程的词process verb
表身体感受的词verb of bodily sensation
表过度性事件的词transitional event verb
表短暂活动的词momentary verb
同义义场synonymy
反义义场antonymy
同义场又分为：dialectal synonyms，stylistic synonyms，collocational synonyms，semantically different synonyms
反义场分为：gradable antonyms，complementary antonyms，relational antonyms
认知现实主义cognitive realism
框架语义学frame semantics
第六章
词义关系sense relations
同义词synonym
概念标准conceptual criterion
语义标准semantic criterion
基本意义denotation
内涵成分connotation
可替换性标准interchangeable criterion
完全同义词absolute，exact，perfect synonyms
部分同义词near，partial，loose synonyms
口语体colloquial
俚语slang
方言dialect
书面体written
学术体learned
术语体terminological
古语archaic
语义相反semantic oppositeness
绝对反义词true antonym或矛盾词contradictory terms或二元反义词binary antonym或互补词complementaries 或不可分级反义词non-gradable antonym
两极反义词polar antonym或相反词contrary terms或可分级反义词gradable antonym
相对反义词converse antonym或相互反义词reciprocal antonym 或关系反义词relational opposites
多项不相容词multiple incompatibility
矛盾修饰法oxymoron
一词多义polysemy
多义词polysemic words
原型prototype
家族相似形family resemblance
直线形关系发展linear relation
非直线形关系发展non-linear relation
指代anaphora
同型异义关系homonymy
音同sound-alike
形同look-alike
同形（同音）异义词homonym
同音异形（异义）词homophone
同形异义词homograph
层级关系hierarchical relation
下义词hyponym
下义关系hyponymy
共下义词co- hyponym
上义词superordinate term
包含关系relationship of inclusion
准下义关系quasi- hyponymy
词汇分类结构lexical taxonomy
分类关系taxonomy
分类词taxonyms
上类词superordinate
共类词co- taxonyms
共类关系co- taxonomy
准分类关系quasi-taxonomy
核心分类词core taxonym
原型分类词prototypical taxonym
外围分类词peripheral taxonym
可及性transitivity
可推理性deduction
部分整体关系partonomy
分总的层次关系part-whole
总项superordinate
分项meronym
必要分项necessary meronym
非必要分项optional meronym
空词项lexical gap
第七章
词义的发展meaning development
词义的转移meaning shift
字面意义literal meaning
比喻意义figurative meaning
语言内部linguistic
语言外部extra- linguistic
迂回说法circumlocution
词义的扩大the enlarging/widening/extension/expansion of meaning
词义的一般化the generalization of meaning
词义的缩小the narrowing/restriction of meaning
词义的特殊化the specialization of meaning
词义的升格the elevation/ascent/amelioration of meaning
词义的降格degradation/degeneration/deterioration/catachresis/pejoration of meaning 委婉词语euphemism
新义的诞生
废弃义obsolete meaning
过时义archaic meaning/old-fashioned
词义转移semantic shift
类比analogy
隐喻metaphor
相似likeness 联想association
借代metonymy
提喻synecdoche
移位修饰transferred epithet
通感synaesthesia
拟声onomatopoeia
中心范畴central category
边缘范畴marginal category
相似性similarity 相邻性contact
放射型或辐射型radiation
连锁型concatenation
综合性
词义的繁衍proliferation
第八章
历时的角度diachronic overview
谱系分类法genetic classification
原始语parent language
语系大家族superfamily
古英语old English
中古英语middle English
现代英语modern English
本族词语native words
借词loan/borrowed words
新词neologism
世界性词汇cosmopolitan vocabulary
源语言source language
接受语言borrowing language
第十章
新词neologism或vogue words
重新分析法reanalysis
重叠法reduplication
第十一章
搭配collocation
词语组合combinations of words
固定型组合fixed combination
自由型组合free combination
习惯型搭配natural collocation
语言环境linguistic context
搭配的理据motivation of collocation
语法理据grammatical motivation
语义理据semantic motivation
语用理据pragmatic motivation
语用性习惯性用语pragmatic idioms
认知理据cognitive motivation
第十二章
成语idiom
自由词组free phrase
固定词组restricted collocation
纯成语pure idioms
半成语semi- idioms
字面意义的成语literal idioms
习用性idiomaticity
定型性syntactic frozenness
整体性semantic unity
不透明性semantic opacity
语言的晦涩或透明的程度差异degrees of opacity 透明的transparent
半成语semi- idiom
半透明semi- transparent
不透明的opaque
隐喻metaphor 明喻simile idioms
比喻成语figurative idioms
隐喻成语metaphorical idioms
明喻成语similized idioms
单词动词single-word verb
多词动词multi-word verb
短语动词phrasal verbs
介词动词prepositional verbs
短语介词动词phrasal- prepositional verbs
英语谚语English proverbs
头韵alliteration
元韵assonance
尾韵end rhyme
头韵兼尾韵alliteration and end rhyme
英语谚语词格特征
明喻simile
隐喻metaphor
借喻analogy
换喻metonymy
拟人personification
夸张hyperbole
重复repetition
排比parallels
对偶antithesis
倒装inversion
省略ellipsis
英语词组或英语成对词twin words或words in pairs
常用金融英语词汇的翻译知识讲解
常用金融英语词汇的 翻译
常用金融英语词汇的翻译 acquiring company 收购公司 bad loan 呆帐 chart of cash flow 现金流量表 clearly-established ownership 产权清晰 debt to equity 债转股 diversity of equities 股权多元化 economy of scale 规模经济 emerging economies 新兴经济 exchange-rate regime 汇率机制 fund and financing 筹资融资 global financial architecture 全球金融体系 global integration, globality 全球一体化，全球化 go public 上市 growth spurt （经济的）急剧增长 have one's "two commas" 百万富翁 hedge against 套期保值 housing mortgage 住房按揭 holdings 控股，所持股份 holding company 控股公司 initial offerings 原始股 initial public offerings 首次公募 innovative business 创新企业 intellectual capital 智力资本 inter-bank lending 拆借 internet customer 网上客户 investment payoff period 投资回收期 joint-stock 参股 mall rat 爱逛商店的年轻人 means of production 生产要素 (the)medical cost social pool for major diseases 大病医疗费用社会统筹mergers and acquisitions 并购
英语词汇学 术语解释
.' Lexicology the is into linguistics, inquiring a branch of origins and meanings of words. Morphology different their and the : study of morpheme forms. Semantics the study of word meaning. ：Etymology: the study of the origin of words, and of their history and changes in their meaning. Stylistics : the study of the variation in language which is dependent on the situation in which the language is used and also on the effect the writer or speaker wishes to create on the reader or hearer Lexicography : the compiling of dictionaries. Synchronic study one or words at a : the study of word particular point in time. Diachronic study studies which to : an approach lexicology how a word (or words) changes over a period of time.
英语词汇学教程(练习答案)(1)解析
《英语词汇学教程》（2004 年版）练习答案 Chapter 1 7. Choose the standard meaning from the list on the right to match each of the slang words on the left. a. tart: loose woman b. bloke: fellow c. gat: pistol d. swell: great e. chicken: coward f. blue: fight g. smoky: police h. full: drunk i. dame: woman j. beaver: girl 8. Give the modern equivalents for the following archaic words. haply = perhaps albeit = although methinks = it seems to me eke = also sooth = truth morn = morning troth = pledge ere = before quoth = said hallowed = holy billow = wave / the sea bade = bid 12. Categorize the following borrowed words into denizens, aliens, translation loans, and semantic loans. Denizens: kettle, die, wall, skirt, husband Aliens: confrere, pro patria, Wunderkind, mikado, parvenu Translation loans: chopstick, typhoon, black humour, long time no see Semantic loans: dream Chapter 2 1. Why should students of English lexicology study the Indo-European Language Family? The Indo-European Language Family is one of the most important language families in the world. It is made up of most of the languages of Europe, the Near East and India. English belongs to this family and the other members of the Indo-European have more or less influence on English vocabulary. Knowledge of the Indo-European Language Family will help us understand English words better and use them more appropriately. 2. Make a tree diagram to show the family relations of the modern languages given below.
Datasheet中常用英语词汇翻译
Datasheet中常用英语词汇翻译 序号英文术语中文术语 1 backplane 背板 2 Band gap voltage reference 带隙电压参考 3 benchtop supply 工作台电源 4 Block Diagram 方块图 5 Bode Plot 波特图 6 Bootstrap 自举 7 Bottom FET Bottom FET 8 bucket capcitor 桶形电容 9 chassis 机架 10 Combi-sense Combi-sense 11 constant current source 恒流源 12 Core Sataration 铁芯饱和 13 crossover frequency 交*频率 14 current ripple 纹波电流 15 Cycle by Cycle 逐周期 16 cycle skipping 周期跳步 17 Dead Time 死区时间 18 DIE Temperature 核心温度 19 Disable 非使能，无效，禁用，关断 20 dominant pole 主极点 21 Enable 使能，有效，启用 22 ESD Rating ESD额定值
23 Evaluation Board 评估板 24 Exceeding the specifications below may result in permanent damage to the device, or device malfunction. Operation outside of the parameters specified in the Electrical Characteristics section is not implied. 超过下面的规格使用可能引起永久的设备损害或设备故障。建议不要工作在电特性表规定的参数范围以外。 25 Failling edge 下降沿 26 figure of merit 品质因数 27 float charge voltage 浮充电压 28 flyback power stage 反驰式功率级 29 forward voltage drop 前向压降 30 free-running 自由运行 31 Freewheel diode 续流二极管 32 Full load 满负载 33 gate drive 栅极驱动 34 gate drive stage 栅极驱动级 35 gerber plot Gerber 图 36 ground plane 接地层 37 Henry 电感单位：亨利 38 Human Body Model 人体模式 39 Hysteresis 滞回 40 inrush current 涌入电流 41 Inverting 反相 42 jittery 抖动 43 Junction 结点 44 Kelvin connection 开尔文连接
自考英语词汇学翻译精华整理
学习资料收集于网络，仅供参考 English Lexicology(英语词汇学) 1.English lexicology aims at investigating and studying the morphological structures of English words and word equivalents, their semantic structures, relations, historical development, formation and usages.英语词汇学旨在调查和研究英语单词和单词的等价物的形态结构,其语义结构、关系、历史发展、形成和用法。 2.English Lexicology is correlated with such linguistic disciplines as morphology(形态学), semantics(语义学), etymology(词源学),stylistics（文体论）and lexicography(词典学) Chapter 1--Basic concepts of words and vocabulary 1.Word（词的定义）: A word is a minimal free form of a language that has a given sound and meaning and syntactic function. (1)a minimal free form of a language (2)a sound unity (3)a unit of meaning (4)a form that can function alone in a sentence 词语是语言最小的自由形式，拥有固定的声音和意义以及句法作用。 2.Sound and meaning（声音与意义）: almost arbitrary, “no logical relationship between the sound which stands for a thing or an idea and the actual thing and idea itself”词语是一个符号，代表着世界上其他的事物。每种世界文化已经赞成一定的读音将代表一定的人，事，地方，特性，过程，行动，当然是在语言系统之外。这种象征性的联系几乎总是主观的，并且“在代表事物和思想的声音和实际的事物和思想之间没有法定关系” 3.Sound and form（读音和形式）:不统一的四个原因（1）the English alphabet was adopted from the Romans,which does not have a separate letter to represent each other内因是因为英语字母表采用罗马字母，罗马字母没有独立的字母代表每个读音，因此一些字母代表两个读音或者组合在一起发音。 （2）the pronunciation has changed more rapidly than spelling over the years另一个原因是发音比拼写的变化快，在一些时候还拉开了距离。在最近五百年里，尽管口语发音已经出现了显著的变化，却没有相应的拼写变化。 （3）some of the difference were created by the early scribes第三个原因是一些早期的书写员发明了一些不同。（4）the borrowings is an important channel of enriching the English vocabulary最后借词来了，这是丰富英语词汇的重要途径。 （5）printing印刷已经变得非常普及。它有助于固定单词的拼写、standardization标准化使得拼写不容改变。、dictionary字典在拼写终结中得到好处。 —Old English,The speech of the time was represented very much more faithfully in writing than it is today. 古代英语中的口语比今天更忠实的代表书面语 —The written form of English is an imperfect representation of the spoken form。英语的书写是发音形式不完善的代表 4.What is vocabulary？ （1）Total number of the words in a language一个语言的单词综合 （2）Words used in a particular historical period 特殊历史时期使用的单词 （3）All the words of a dialect，a book ，a discipline...某个方言，书籍，学科中的所有单词 5.Classification of English Words：英语词汇由所有种类的词汇组成。它们可以根据不同的标 准或者不同的目的进行分类。 By use frequency:basic word stock&nonbasic vocabulary根据使用频率，单词可以分为基础词和非基础词。 By notion:content words&functional words可以根据概念分成实词和虚词
英语词汇学及答案
英语词汇学 第一部分选择题 I. Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers .Choose the one that would best complete the statement and put the letter in the bracket（30％） 1. Degradation can be illustrated by the following example[ ] A. lewd → ignorant B. silly → foolish C. last → pleasure D. knave → boy 2. Homophones are often employed to create puns for desired effects of: [ ] A. humour B. sarcasm C. ridicule D. all the above 3. The four major modes of semantic change are _____. [ ] A. extension, narrowing, elevation and degradation B. extension, generalization, elevation and degradation C. extension, narrowing, specialization and degradation D. extension, elevation, amelioration and degradation 4. The use of one name for that of another associated with it is rhetorically called _____. [ ] A. synecdoche B. metonymy C. substitution D. metaphor 5. Idioms adjectival in nature function as _____. [ ] A. adjectives B. attributes C. modifiers D. words 6. Grammatical context refers to _____ in which a word is used. [ ] A. vocabulary B. grammar C. semantic pattern D. syntactic structure 7. In the idiom 'in good feather', we change 'good' into 'high, full' without changing meaning. This change of constituent is known as _____ . [ ] A. addition B. replacement C. position-shifting D. variation 8. The word "laconic" is _____. [ ] A. onomatopoeically motivated B. morphologically motivated C. semantically motivated D. etymologically motivated 9. CCELD is distinctive for its _____. [ ] A. clear grammar codes B. language notes
《英语词汇学》重要术语中英文对照
《英语词汇学》重要术语 One: 1. Native words 本族词 Words of Anglo-Saxon origin or of Old English are native words. 2. Loan words 借词 Words borrowed from other languages are loan words or borrowed words. 3. Slang words 俚语 Slang words are those words of a vigorous, colourful, facetious, or taboo nature, invented for specific occasions, or uses, or derived from the unconventional use of the standard vocabulary. 4. Function words 功能词 Function words are often short words such as determiners, conjunctions, prepositions, auxiliaries that serve grammatically more than anything else. 5. Content words 实义词 Content words are used to name objects, qualities, actions, processes or states, and have independent lexical meaning. 6. Free forms 自由形式 Forms which occur as sentences are free forms. Two: 1. Morphemes 语素 Morphemes are the smallest meaningful linguistic units of English language, not divisible or analyzable into smaller forms. 2. Allomorphs 语素变体 Allomorphs are any of the variant forms of a morpheme as conditioned by position or adjoining sounds. 3. Free morpheme 自由语素 Free morpheme is one that can be uttered alone with meaning. 4. Bound morpheme 粘着语素 Bound morpheme cannot stand by itself as a complete utterance and must appear with at least one other morpheme, free or bound. 5. Root 词根 Root is the basic unchangeable part of a word and it conveys the main lexical meaning of the word. 6. Affix 词缀 Affix is a collective term for the type of formative that can be used only when added to another morpheme. 7. Inflectional affix 屈折词缀 Inflectional affix serves to express such meanings as plurality, tense, and the comparative or superlative degree. 8. Derivational affix 派生词缀 Derivational affix is the kind of affixes that has specific lexical meaning hand can derive a word when it is added to another morpheme. 9. Prefixes 前缀 Prefixes are affixes added before words.
【VIP专享】英语词汇学引论 术语翻译
Abberbation 缩写；缩略 Ablative case 夺格（即第五个或工具格）Absolute synonym 绝对同义词Accusative case 直接宾格 Acronym 首字母缩略词 Aderbial clause of concession 让步状语从句Affix 词缀 Affixation 词缀法 Alien 外国词 Alliteration 头韵 Alphabetical order 字母表顺序Amelioration 进化 Analogy 类比 Analytic language 分析性语言Anthropomorphic 拟人化的 Antonym 反义词 Antonymy 翻译关系 Approach to 方法 Archaism 古词 Arbitrary 任意的 Argot 黑话 Autosemantic 词本身有独立意义的 Base 词基 Back-formation 逆成法 Bilingual 双语的 Blend 拼缀词 Blending 拼缀法 Borrowed word 借词 Borrowing 借词 Bound morpheme 粘着形位 Briton 布立吞人 Capitalization 大写 Case 格 Classical element 古典成分 Clipping 缩短法 Collocability 词的搭配能力 Collocation 词的搭配 Colloquialism 口语词 Colloquial style 口语语体 Combining form 构词成分Complementaries 互补性反义词
Complex word 复合词 Compound 合成词 Compound word 合成词 Compounding 合成法 Concatenation 连锁型语义演变过程Conjugation 动词变位 Connotative meaning 内含意义 Context 语境 Contraries 相对性反义词 Conventional 约定俗成的 Converging sound-development 语音发展的一致性Conversion 转类法 Conversives 换位性反义词 Cosmopolitan character 国际性 Dative case 与格（第三格） De-adjectival 由形容词转变而来的 Declension 名词、形容词等的变格Degradation of meaning 意义的降格 Denizen 外来词 Denominal nouns :abstract 纯名词表示抽象意义Denominal nouns :concrete 纯名词表示具体意义Denotative meaning 外延意义 Derivative antonym 派生反义词 Deterioration 退化 Deverbal noun 由动词派生的名词 Diachronic approach 历时分析法 Diachronic dictionary 历史语言学词典Diachrony 历时分析 Dialect 方言 Double genitive case 双生格 Doublets 两词一组的同义词 Elevation of meaning 意义的升格Encyclopaedic dictionary 百科全书词典 Entry 词条 Etymology 词源学 Euphemism 委婉语 Euphony 语音的和谐悦耳 Existing word 现行的词 Exocentric word 离心结构合成词 Extension of meaning 意义的扩大 Figure of speech 修饰手段
(完整版)英语词汇学英语词汇学习题3及答案
试题三 第一部分选择题 I. Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that would best complete the statement and put the letter in the bracket.(30%) 1.According to the degree of similarity, homonyms can be classified into ( ) A. perfect homonyms B. homonyms C. homophones D. all the above 2.Transfer as a mode of semantic change can be illustrated by the example ( ) A. ad for “advertisement” B. dish for “food" C. fond for “affectionate” D. an editorial for “an editorial article" 3.It is a general belief that the meaning does not exist in the word itself, but it rather spreads over ( ) A. the reader’s interpretation B. the neighbouring words C. the writer's intention D. the etymology of the word 4.Which of the following is a prefix of time and order? A. extra- B. pro- C. re- D. semi- 5.Which of the following dictionaries is not a specialized dictionary? A. The Oxford Dictionary of English Etymology B. Chamber's Encyclopedic English Dictionary C. Longmont Dictionary of Phrasal Verbs D. Webster's New Dictionary of Synonyms 6.Which of the following statements is Not true? A. Reference is the relationship between language and the world. B. The relationship between a word and its referent is arbitrary. C. Concept is universal to all men alike. D. Sense denotes the relationships outside the language. 7.The words which occur before or after a word and may affect its meaning form ( ) A. physical context B. grammatical context C. lexical context D. linguistic context 8."Smith is an architect. He designed World Trade Center. "The clue provided in the context is ( ) A. definition B. explanation C. example D. hyponym 9.The term "vocabulary" is used in different ways because of all the following reasons EXCEPT that ( ) A. it can refer to the common core of a language B. it can refer to the total number of the words in a language C. it can represent all the words used in a certain historical period D. it can stand for words in given dialect or field 10.The idiom "a dark horse" is a ( ) A. simile B. metaphor
英语词汇学课后答案张维友编
《英语词汇学教程》（2004年版）练习答案 【Chapter 1】 7．tart: loose woman bloke: fellow gat: pistol swell: great chicken: coward blue: fight smoky: police full: drunk dame: woman beaver: girl 8. haply = perhaps albeit = although methinks = it seems to me eke = also sooth = truth morn = morning troth = pledge ere = before quoth = said hallowed = holy billow = wave/ the sea bade = bid 【Chapter 2】 Ex.1 The Indo-European Language Family is one of the most important language families in the world. It is made up of most of the languages of Europe, the Near East and India. English belongs to this family and the other members of the Indo-European have more or less influence on English vocabulary. A knowledge of the Indo-European Language Family will help us understand English words better and use them more appropriately. 2. Indo-European Language Family Balto-Slavic Indo-Iranian Celtic Italian Hellenic Germanic
英语词汇学重要术语中英文对照
读书破万卷下笔如有神 《英语词汇学》重要术语 One: 1. Native words 本族词 Words of Anglo-Saxon origin or of Old English are native words. 2. Loan words 借词 Words borrowed from other languages are loan words or borrowed words. 3. Slang words 俚语 Slang words are those words of a vigorous, colourful, facetious, or taboo nature, invented for specific occasions, or uses, or derived from the unconventional use of the standard vocabulary. 4. Function words 功能词 Function words are often short words such as determiners, conjunctions, prepositions, auxiliaries that serve grammatically more than anything else. 5. Content words 实义词 Content words are used to name objects, qualities, actions, processes or states, and have independent lexical meaning. 6. Free forms 自由形式 Forms which occur as sentences are free forms. Two: 1. Morphemes 语素 Morphemes are the smallest meaningful linguistic units of English language, not divisible or analyzable into smaller forms. 2. Allomorphs 语素变体 Allomorphs are any of the variant forms of a morpheme as conditioned by position or adjoining sounds. 3. Free morpheme 自由语素 Free morpheme is one that can be uttered alone with meaning. 4. Bound morpheme 粘着语素 Bound morpheme cannot stand by itself as a complete utterance and must appear with at least one other morpheme, free or bound. 5. Root 词根 Root is the basic unchangeable part of a word and it conveys the main lexical meaning of the word. 6. Affix 词缀 Affix is a collective term for the type of formative that can be used only when added to another morpheme. 7. Inflectional affix 屈折词缀 Inflectional affix serves to express such meanings as plurality, tense, and the comparative or superlative degree. 8. Derivational affix 派生词缀 Derivational affix is the kind of affixes that has specific lexical meaning hand can derive a word when it is added to another morpheme.
词汇学
lexicology 题型： 1.填空（30*1=30） 2.解释（10*1=10） 3.主观题（2*10=20） 4.分析词汇学现象（10） 5.翻译（15*2=30） 考点： Chapter 2 Language proper 1.Genetic classification p15: English belongs to the Low West Germanic branch of the Indo-European family. 2.Structural classification: synthetic language & analytic language p22 A synthetic language is one which shows the relation of words in a sentence largely by means of inflections(变音，转调). An analytic language is one which indicates the relation of words in a sentence by means of word order, prepositions or auxiliary verbs, rather than by inflections. Old English (OE 450-1100)synthetic language The history of English begins with the conquest and settlement of what is now England by the Angles, Saxons and the Jutes from about 450 AD. Characteristics of Old English: 1)They had complex inflectional systems for nouns, pronouns, articles, verbs, and adverbs. 2)They had great flexibility in sentence word order made possible by the extensive sets of inflections. Middle English (ME 1100-1500) The transitional period from Old English to Modern English is know as Middle English (ME 1100-1500), which is characterized by the strong influence of French following the Norman Conquest in 1066. Middle English developed rapidly toward becoming an analytic language. Modern English analytic language The English language from 1500 to the present is called Modern English. Characteristics of Modern English 1)Great Vowel Shift ※ 2)Inflections continued to disappear, making Modern English an analytic language. 3)The word order of English sentences became more and more firmly fixed.
英语词汇学术语翻译
Terminology Translations on lexicology 英语词汇学术语翻译 A acronym首字母拼音词acronymy首字母拼音法 addition增词 adjective compound复合形容词 affective meaning感情意义 affix词缀 affixation词缀法 Albanian阿尔巴尼亚语（族）aliens非同化词alliteration头韵（法）allomorph词素（形位）变体ambiguity歧义 amelioration of meamng词义的升华analogy类推 analytic language分析性语言antithsis对偶 antonym反义词 antonymy反义关系 appreciative term褒义词 archaic word古词 archaism古词语
argot隐语（黑话）Armenian亚美尼亚语（族）Associated transfer联想转移association联想 associative meanings关联意义 B back－formation逆生法 back clipping词尾截短 Balto－Slavic波罗斯拉夫语（族）bilinguall双语的 basic word stock基本词汇 blend拼缀词 blending拼缀法 borrowed word借词 bound form粘着形式 bound morpheme粘着语素（形位）bound root粘着词根 C casual style随便文体 catchPhrase时髦语 Celtic凯尔特语（族）central meaning中心意义 Clipping截短法 collocability搭配能力