专外Lesson 1

Lesson 1

Text

Civil Engineering

New Words and Phrases

1.predominate

统治，支配

v. intr. To have or gain controlling power or influence; prevail: Good predominates over evil in many literary works. To be of or have greater quantity or importance; preponderate: French-speaking people predominate in Quebec. ...

Predominant; Predominantly; Predominance

Dead load predominates in the design.

2.Geotechnical

岩土工程的

Geology, Geography，geotechnics 土工学; 地质技术学；geotechnique 土工学

3.Specification

Specify

指定, 详细说明; specify the seismic load. Specify the boundary conditions

specific 明确的；specifically 特定地，明确地

4.Surpervise

监督, 管理, 指导

surpervise a design; surpervision

5.subcontractor

转包商，次承包者

contract, contractor, contract, expand

6.hurricane

飓风

A severe tropical cyclone originating in the equatorial regions of the Atlantic Ocean or Caribbean Sea, traveling north, northwest, or northeast from its point of origin, and usually involving heavy rains. Typhoon

A tropical cyclone occurring in the western Pacific or Indian oceans.

Tornado龙卷风，陆龙卷：

A rotating column of air usually accompanied by a funnel-shaped downward extension of a cumulonimbus cloud and having a vortex several hundred yards in diameter whirling destructively at speeds of up to 500 miles (800 kilometers) per hour.

A violent thunderstorm in western Africa or nearby Atlantic waters

7.asphalt

沥青 A brownish-black solid or semisolid mixture of bitumens obtained from native deposits or as a petroleum byproduct, used in paving, roofing, and waterproofing.

asphalt concrete 沥青混凝土; 地沥青混凝土

bitumen damp-proof course 沥青防潮层

Any of various flammable mixtures of hydrocarbons and other substances, occurring naturally or obtained by distillation from coal or petroleum, that are a component of asphalt and tar and are used for surfacing roads and for waterproofing.

8.a`luminum

9.runoff

Rainfall not absorbed by soil. 径流：未被土壤吸收的降雨;

runoff and soil loss 径流和土壤流失; 径流和土壤流失

An extra competition held to break a tie.

决赛：打平手者之间另加的比赛

10.lock

lock and dam 闸坝; lock and weir 闸坝; lock approach 船闸引航道

11.fill

fill and cut; backfill

12.scrubber

scrub 洗擦，使空气净化

13．Incineration

incinerate; incinerator

14.toxic

toxic gasses; poisonous

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/776743655.html,bustible

combustion combustion engine 燃烧发动机; 内燃机; combust

16.ramp

An inclined surface or roadway connecting different levels.

斜面，斜坡：倾斜的表面或道路，连接着不同的高度

ramp, ramp capacity 匝道通行能力

17.excavate

挖掘，excavation, backfill

18.precisely

In a precise manner;

19. aerial

aerial camera 航空摄影机; 航空照相机; aerial chart 航空图; aerial map 航测图; 航摄图; aerial photo map 空中摄影地图, aerial view

20.sonic

sonic analyzer 声波分析仪; 声波探伤仪; sonic barrier 声障; 音障; sonic energy 声能

ultrasonic

21.plotting

plot. plotting method 测图方法; plotting office 绘图室

22.municipal

市政的mumicipal government; mumicipality

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/776743655.html,mission

The act of granting certain powers or the authority to carry out a particular task or duty.

委任；委托：授予某种力量或权力以实现特定任务或责任的行动; The authority so granted.权限，职权：这样授予的权力; A member of a commission.专员，委员

24.Drainage system

Drain; sewage system

25.photogrammetry摄影测绘学; 摄影测量学; 照相测量术;

26.photographic imagery摄影成像

27.corps

corpse dead body

Lesson 2

Text: Building and Architecture

New Words and Phrases

1. Shelter

Something that provides cover or protection, as from the weather.

遮盖物：提供遮盖或保护的东西，如对付天气

A refuge; a haven. cover，retreat，refuge，a`sylum，`sanctuary

2. Encompass encircle; enclose; include; surround

To form a circle or ring around; compass 圆规

Constitute

3. Identical

alike; duplicate; same

identify; identity; identification

5. Parlance

A particular manner of speaking; idiom: legal parlance.

6. edifice building, especially one of imposing appearance or size

7. dominant

8. repetition

repetitive repeat

9. nave

NOTRE-DAME CATHEDRAL

Nave of Church, Tlaquepaque. Jalisco, Mexico

Nave, north aisle, from east looking west

10. aisle

A part of a church divided laterally from the nave by a row of pillars or columns.侧廊：用一排柱子将教堂的中殿从侧面隔开的部分

Church side aisle. Naples, Italy

A passageway between rows of seats, as in an auditorium or an airplane.

通道：礼堂或飞机上座席间的通道

A passageway for inside traffic, as in a department store, warehouse, or supermarket.内部通道：商店、仓库或超级市场的内部车辆通道

11. transept

The transverse part of a cruciform church, crossing the nave at right angles.

耳堂：十字形教堂的横向部分，用直角穿过中殿

Either of the two lateral arms of such a part.

交叉通道：这一部分的两个横向的狭窄通道中的一个

Central tower and south transept, Canterbury Cathedral. Canterbury, Kent, England, United

Kingdom

transept

12.apse

Jerusalem, Holy Sepulchre apse

13.balustrade baluster

14.intermediate

in between; middle

15.clue

evidence; hint

16.colonade

A series of columns placed at regular intervals.

列柱：以规则间隔排列的一列柱子

17.aspiration

strong desire

18.incarnation

next incarnation incarnate

a community that incarnates its founders' ideals.

19.blank wall

20.cave dweller

21.Gothic cathedral

22.element

自然环境The forces that constitute the weather, especially severe or inclement(disastrous) weather outside paint was damaged by the elements.

23.aqueduct

A bridgelike structure supporting a conduit or canal passing over a river or low ground.

高架渠，桥管：输水道或水渠经河面或低地时起支撑作用的桥状结构物

24.outgrowth

长出, 派出, 结果, 副产物result

Paris

"

< previous article index next >

The Aqueduct

25.tenancy

Possession or occupancy of lands, buildings, or other property by title, under a lease, or on payment of rent.

租赁：通过租或支付租金来在名义上对土地、建筑或其它财产实施占有

The period of a tenant's occupancy or possession.

租期：租赁者所占用或拥有的时限

One that pays rent to use or occupy land, a building, or other property owned by another.

佃户：支付租金从而使用或占有他人拥有的土地、建筑或其它财产的人

tenant

A dweller in a place; an occupant.

居住者，占用者：某地居住者；占有者

26.lend

be suitable for:

适于：为…提供方便或把（自己）贡献给；适合于

steel lends itself to lightweight structtures.

27.gridiron

梁格结构烤架, 格状物

28.content

A building must content the spirit of man. 使满足; Contentment; satisfaction.

29.cantilever

悬臂

30.please

使喜欢, 中...的意, 使满足, 取悦pleasing; pleasant; pleased

as u please

31.chapel

小礼拜堂, 礼拜

32.golden section

golden section 黄金分割

33.Petit Trianon

34.Versailles Ver`sailles

凡尔赛[法国北部城市

Le Petie Trianon 乃是由路易十五的情婦Madame de Pompadour 一手籌建而成，整棟建築充滿十七、八世紀的風格。