复旦研究生英语Unit Two

How to Be a Good Graduate Student

why go to graduate school at all? The usual reasons given are that a Ph.D. is required or preferred for some jobs, especially research and academic positions; that it gives you a chance

to learn a great deal about a specific area; and that it provides an opportunity to develop ideas and perform original research. Wanting to delay your job hunt is probably not a good enough reason. Graduate school is a lot of work and requires strong motivation and focus. You have to really want to be there to make it through.

究竟为什么要读研呢？人们给出的一些常见的理由是有些工作要求或青睐博士学位，尤其是研究或学术类的职位；读研使你有机会深入学习某个领域；为你提供一个开发思想以及从事独创研究的机会。希望通过读研延迟找工作或许不是一个足够好的理由。读研需要投入大量的精力，并且需要强大的动力和明确的方向。你必须发自内心地想读才能够完成学业。

It helps to have a good idea of what area you want to specialize in, and preferably a couple of particular research projects you might like to work on. Look for books and current journals and conference proceedings in your area, and read through them to get an idea of

who's doing what where. (You'll be doing a *lot* of reading once you start graduate school,

so you might as well get used to it.) This is where advisors first enter the scene: faculty members ought to be willing to talk to undergraduates and help them find out more about research areas and graduate schools. Try to get involved in research: ask professors and TAs whether they need someone to work on an ongoing project, or start an independent research project, with guidance from a faculty member.

对自己打算研究的领域有所了解会有帮助，有几项你特别愿意从事的研究项目会更有帮助。查

阅本研究领域的专著、期刊、会议论文集，了解专业领域的最新研究动态。（一旦开始读研，你将

会进行大量的阅读,因此你不妨习惯这一点）。这是指导老师最先介入的环节：教师应该乐于和本科

生讨论，帮助他们了解更多的研究领域和研究生院校。尽量参与一些研究：询问教授和助教他们正

在进行的项目是否需要助手，或者在一位老师的指导下开展一个独立的研究项目。

Graduate school is a very unstructured environment in most cases. Graduate students typically take nine hours or less of coursework per semester, especially after the second year. For many, the third year -- after coursework is largely finished and preliminary exams have been completed -- is a very difficult and stressful period. This is when you're supposed to find

a thesis topic, if you're not one of the lucky few who has already found one. Once you do find a topic, you can expect two or more years until completion, with very few landmarks or milestones in sight.

在大多数情形下，研究生院的环境十分松散。典型的是研究生每学期选修的学时一般比本科生少，进入研二的学习更是这样。对许多研究生来说，大部分学时和初步的考核完成以后的研二是一个辛苦

而充满压力的时期。此时，你若不是为数不多的已经确定论题的幸运儿之一，你就应该为论文确定题目。一旦你确定好论题，你要做好心理准备，在论文完成前的两年乃至更长的时间内，你几乎看不见

什么突破性的路标或里程碑。

Being a good researcher involves more than “merely” coming up with brilliant ideas and implementing them. Most researchers spend the majority of their time reading papers, discussing ideas with colleagues, writing and revising papers, staring blankly into space -- and, of course, having brilliant ideas and implementing them.

要成为一个好的研究者，仅仅提出新颖的想法并付诸实现还是不够的。大多数研究者花费大量的

时间阅读论文、与同事讨论想法、进行论文的写作和修改工作、发呆，当然你还需要新颖的想法并付

诸实现。

Keeping a journal of your research activities and ideas is very useful. Write down

speculations, interesting problems, possible solutions, random ideas, references to look up, notes on papers you've read, outlines of papers to write, and interesting quotes. Read back through it periodically. You'll notice that the bits of random thoughts start to come together and form a pattern, often turning into a research project or even a thesis topic. I was surprised, looking back through my journal as I was finishing up my thesis, how early and often similar ideas had cropped up in my thinking, and how they gradually evolved into a dissertation.

用日记记录与研究有关的活动和想法将非常有用。记录你的猜想、有兴趣的问题、可能的解答、零散的想法、需要查阅的参考文献、已阅读的论文的摘记，拟写的论文的提纲以及感兴趣的引文并定期地翻看。你会发现一些零碎的思想碎片聚集在一起形成一个整体之后，经常会成为研究的项目甚至是学位论文的专题。

You'll have to read a lot of technical papers to become familiar with any field, and to stay current once you've caught up. You may find yourself spending over half of your time reading, especially at the beginning. This is normal. It's also normal to be overwhelmed by

the amount of reading you think you “should” do. Try to remember that it's impossible to read everything that might be relevant: instead, read selectively. When you first start

reading up on a new field, ask your advisor or a fellow student what the most useful journals and conference proceedings are in your field, and ask for a list of seminal or “classic”

papers that you should definitely read.

要熟悉任何一个领域，你需要阅读很多专业类的论文，一旦熟悉了这一领域，你还要保持及时

更新。你或许会察觉到，尤其是刚开始的时候，在阅读方面将花费超过一半的时间。这很常见，还

有一个常见的想法是认为自己会被应该阅读的书所淹没。你要记住，阅读每一个可能相关的材料是

不可行的；相反，要有选择地进行阅读。当你首次涉足一个新领域时，咨询你的导师或者同学，在

你选择的领域中哪些期刊杂志及研讨记录是最有用的。另外，索要一份必须要阅读的核心或者经典

论文的清单。

Before bothering to read *any* paper, make sure it's worth it. Scan the title, then the abstract, then -- if you haven't completely lost interest already -- glance at the introduction and conclusions. (Of course, if your advisor tells you that this is an important paper, skip this preliminary step and jump right in!) Before you try to get all of the nitty-gritty details of the paper, skim the whole thing, and try to get a feel for the most important points. If it still seems worthwhile and relevant, go back and read the whole thing. Many people find it useful to take notes while they read. Even if you don't go back later and reread them, it helps to focus your attention and forces you to summarize as you read. And if you do need to refresh your memory later, rereading your notes is much easier and faster than reading the whole paper.

在你尚未开始阅读任何论文之前，确定是否值得这样做。首先浏览标题，然后是摘要，如果你还没完全失去兴趣，那就浏览介绍和结论部分。（当然，如果你的导师告诉你这是一份很重要的论文可以跳过前几部，直接进行研读。）在你尽可能了解论文的细枝末节之前，通读全篇，尽量把握文章的重心。如果仍然感到有兴趣且与研究相关，回过头重新阅读。许多人感觉读书时做笔记很有帮助。即便你不回头重读，集中注意力迫使自己总结所读的内容也很有帮助。如果你后来的确需要重温记忆，复习你的笔记要远比重读全文更容易、更快捷。

Keep the papers you read filed away so you can find them again later, and set up an online bibliography (BibTeX is a popular format, but anything consistent will do). I find it useful to add extra fields for keywords, the location of the paper (if you borrowed the reference from the library or a friend), and a short summary of particularly interesting papers. This bibliography will be useful for later reference, for writing your dissertation, and for sharing with other graduate students (and eventually, perhaps, advisees).

把读过的论文归档便于以后查找，建立一个网上参考书目。我发现附加关键词、文章的来源等信

息十分有用（如果你从图书馆或朋友那里借阅资料），还可以为特别有兴趣的论文增加一个简短的摘要。这个参考书目将有助于以后查阅、撰写学位论文以及与其他研究生分享（也许最终会成为接受指

导的人）。

At times, particularly in the ``middle years,'' it can be very hard to maintain a positive attitude and stay motivated. Many graduate students suffer from insecurity, anxiety, and even boredom. First of all, realize that these are normal feelings. Try to find a sympathetic ear -- another graduate student, your advisor, or a friend outside of school. Next, try to identify why you're having trouble and identify concrete steps that you can take to improve the situation. To stay focused and motivated, it often helps to have organized activities to force you to manage your time and to do something every day. Setting up regular meetings with your advisor, attending seminars, or even extracurricular activities such as sports or music can help you to maintain a regular schedule.

有时候，尤其是研究生读到“一半”的时候，要保持积极的心态和充足的动力十分困难。许多研究

生忍受不安全感、焦虑感甚至厌倦感。首先要意识到这些感觉都很正常。尽量找到一个愿意倾听的耳朵—其他研究生、你的导师、校外的一个朋友。接下来，尽力确定你的困难之所在并确定你可能采取

的具体步骤以改善现状。保持明确的方向和充足的动力，参加一些有组织的、促进时间管理和每天必

做的活动会对你有帮助。和你的导师确立定期会谈的时间、参加研讨会甚至参加运动类或音乐类的课

外活动。

Be realistic about what you can accomplish, and try to concrete on giving yourself positive feedback for tasks you do complete, instead of negative feedback for those you

don't.Setting daily, weekly, and monthly goals is a good idea, and works even better if you

use a ``buddy system'' where you and another student meet at regular intervals to review

your progress. Try to find people to work with: doing research is much easier if you have someone to bounce ideas off of and to give you feedback.

对于你可能完成的目标抱着务实的态度,尽量把注意力集中在积极评价你已经完成的任务上，而

不是消极批评你未能完成的事情。设置每日、每周、每月的目标是一个好主意，如果你采取“伙伴

制度”，工作的效果会更好。你可以和另一个研究生定期见面，一同审视工作的进度。尽量找到可

以合作的人：如果你有畅所欲言的对象和给你提供反馈意见的人，做研究会容易得多。

Breaking down any project into smaller pieces is always a good tactic when things seem unmanageable. At the highest level, doing a master's project before diving into a Ph.D. dissertation is generally a good idea (and is mandatory at some schools). A master's gives you a chance to learn more about an area, do a smaller research project, and establish working relationships with your advisor and fellow students.

当事情看似无法掌控时，将任何项目拆分为更加细小的部分通常是一个很好的策略。从最高层面

来说，在开始博士毕业论文之前，从事硕士项目通常是一个很好的想法（在有些学校是强制性的）。

硕士的经历使你有机会更多地了解一个领域，从事小规模的研究项目，建立同导师和同学的工作关系。

In order to do original research, you must be aware of ongoing research in your field. Most students spend up to a year reading and studying current research to identify important open problems. However, you'll never be able to read everything that might be relevant -- and new work is always being published.

为了开展独创性的研究，你必须知道该领域里目前正在进行的研究。多数学生花费多达一年的时

间来阅读和学习当前的研究以发现重要的悬而未决的问题。然而，阅读与研究有关的一切文献是不可

能的，而且总是会有新的研究成果出版。

Try to become aware and stay aware of directly related research -- but if you see new work that seems to be doing exactly what you're working on, don't panic. It's common for graduate students to see a related piece of work and think that their topic is ruined. If this happens to you, reread the paper several times to get a good understanding of what they've really been accomplished. Show the paper to your advisor or someone else who's familiar with your topic and whose opinions you respect. Introduce yourself to the author at a conference or by e-mail, and tell them about your work. By starting a dialogue, you will usually find that their work isn't quite the same, and that there are still directions open to you. You may even end up collaborating with them. Good researchers welcome the opportunity to interact and collaborate with someone who's interested in the same problems they are.

对于直接相关的研究要尽量了解并保持跟进—但是，如果你发现某个新的研究成果似和你的研究如出一辙，用不着恐慌。研究生们发现一个相关的成果出现，然后认为自己的论题没救了的想法相当普遍。如果你也遇到这种情况，重读几次这篇论文从而更好地理解他们真正创新了什么。将论文拿给你导师看、或熟悉该论题的人、或者你很看重他的观点的人。在研讨会上或通过邮件向该论文的作者介绍自己，并告诉他们你的研究。通过一次交谈，你通常会发现他们的研究和你的并不完全一样，仍然有些方向你可以切入，甚至到最后你还可能和他们进行合作。良好的研究者乐于接受与志同道合的人们进行交流和合作的机会。

It also helps to start writing at a coarse granularity and successively refine your thesis. Don't sit down and try to start writing the entire thesis from beginning to end. First jot down notes on what you want to cover; then organize these into an outline (which will probably change as you progress in your research and writing). Start drafting sections, beginning with those you're most confident about. Don't feel obligated to write it perfectly the first time: if you can't get a paragraph or phrase right, just write*something* (a rough cut, a note to yourself, a list of bulleted points) and move on. You can always come back to the hard parts later; the important thing is to make steady progress.

也可以以一种粗糙的方式开始写作，之后提炼出论文的主题。不要一坐下就试图把论文从开头写到结尾。首先，记下你准备涵盖的内容的要点，然后将它们梳理成为大纲（或许会随着研究和写作的进程而有所改变）。首先将你最有把握的部分写成草稿，不要感觉有义务一开始就写出完美的作品：如果你想不出满意的段落或者短语，只要写一些（粗略摘抄、给自己的一个提示或者罗列要点的清单），然后继续向前推进。你以后总有机会回过头处理有难度的部分，重要的是保持稳步推进。

When writing a thesis, or any technical paper, realize that your audience is almost guaranteed to be less familiar with your subject than you are. Explain your motivations, goals, and methodology clearly. Be repetitive without being boring, by presenting your ideas at several levels of abstraction, and by using examples to convey the ideas in a different way.

当你撰写学位论文或者专业类论文的时候，要意识到你的听众几乎确定无疑不如你熟悉研究的

专题。清楚的解释你的动机、目标和方法。反复表述你的思想，而不是啰嗦得让人厌烦。在不同的

抽象层面上，或者运用例子以不同的方式来表述你的想法。

In the final push to finish your thesis, though, you will almost certainly have less time for social activities than you used to. Your friends may start to make you feel guilty, whether they intend to or not. Warn them in advance that you expect to turn down lots of invitations, and it's nothing personal -- but you need to focus on your thesis for a while. Then you'll be all done and free as a bird! (Until the next phase of your life starts...)

当然，学位论文进入最后冲刺阶段时，你一般不太可能还和以前一样正常进行社交和家庭活动。朋友和家人会有意无意地让你负有歉疚感。要事先提醒大家：这段时间你必须专注于论文写作。接下来你就会大功告成，欢呼雀跃！（直到开始生命的下一阶段）

2017复旦大学考研复试：英语口语面试常见问题汇总

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复旦大学研究生英语教师用书

研究生英语 研究生高级英语 教师用书 主编 曾建彬黄莺 编委（以汉语拼音为序） 范若恩谷红欣顾乡何静 黄莺刘雯卢玉玲夏威 雍毅曾建彬张宁宁赵蓉

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复旦大学考研复试英语口语范文推荐 Good afternoon, my dear professors. I am glad to be here for this interview. It is my great pleasue to introduce my self to all of you. my name is***, 27years old, born in ganzhou, jiangxi province. I gratuated from jiangxi medical college, my major is clinical medicine. Because of my deligence in study, I gained the schoalarships each year, and in 2000, I gloriously took part in the Chinese Communist Party. After gratuation, I went to work in TaiZhou hospital. It lies in LuQiao, Zhejiang probvince. it is a general hospital and the center of medicine for taizhou people. In the first two years, as a house suegeon, I accepted the normal and strict training. In 2003, I acquired the licence for practitions, at the same year, I am cheerful to be distributed to the deparment of cancer surgery. During the clinical practice, I have more and more interst in oncology, but, I knew deeply that I haye no adequate knowlege to be competent to the clinical practice. Furthermore, I believe that a qualified cancer surgeon should have abandful, systimatic and full——scale medical knowlege and must experience more normal and strict training. So, I determined to pursue the master's degree in fudan university. In order to prepare well to the tests for entrance for postgratuation, I Quit my job in July, 2005 and try my best to be ready for the tests. Now all my hard work has got a good result since, I have got a chance to be interviewed by all of you. I always believe that a docter will easily lag behind unless he keeps on learing. I am a deligent, studious, and creative person. Of course, if I am given a chance to study in fudan university, I will study harder, and, with your guidance and help, I wish I can, someday, like you, devote myself to the great cause of conquering the tumor. That's all, Thank you for your attention.

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Mustache Giggle boulevard大街，林荫道blurt 脱口而出paradox自相矛盾inarticulate不善言辞的kneecap膝盖骨bestow赠与给予 blink眨眼 furrow皱眉 quip俏皮话 ethereal神灵般、精妙comeback恢复反驳sonnet十四行诗 jim-dandy一流的极好的人/事 cadence韵律节奏sestet六行诗execrable可恶的petticoat衬裙 adroit熟练的机敏的poise姿态自信使平衡etiquette礼节comport表现(n:-ment) bestow sth on/upon sb carry sb away(贬义)使激动得失控 stitch sth up缝 well off幸运的 get possession of得到put one’s mind to sth决心做 come up with想到提出brush sth off刷掉 on the right track正确轨道上 be inept at doing不善fall flat失败未达到预期效果伏倒 fall apart分裂垮掉work like a dog the chances are (that)有可能…… cognac鸡尾酒perspicacious有洞察力 betoken象征 nicety微妙 ritualistic仪式的 explicitly明确的 one-up胜人一筹的胜 过 canoe独木舟 reciprocity相互作用互 惠 rhetoric雄辩言辞修辞 学 benefactor捐助者恩人 hooker妓女 proclivity倾向癖好 frill装饰衣褶 puritan清教徒 frivolous不重要的轻浮 的 wont习惯（v\adj\v） swell肿胀增强 allergy过敏症 prone易于…… cliché陈词滥调 fabulous极好的 tacky寒酸俗气廉价破 旧低级趣味 ego pamper纵容宠 altruism利他主义无私 altruist dispense分发配药 largess慷慨赠与的钱 物 philanthropic慈善的 donee受赠者 callow幼小的乳臭未 干的 fast紧紧的牢固的 austere朴素的严格的 严峻的一丝不苟的 charisma魅力 dime10美分 donor捐赠者 chisel凿 cynic愤世嫉俗者 ironist讽刺者 neurosis神经病 conduit管道渠道 out of proportion不相 称不成比例 get down to sth开始着 手 paper sth over掩饰 do sb a good turn帮忙 做对…有利的事 wind up上发条中止 measure up达标达到 virility男子气生殖能 力 nonchalant漠不关心无 动于衷的（with） correlative相关的 maxim格言 tautology赘述 august威严的 sanction批准，制裁 caste等级 legislature立法机关 tycoon大亨 rabid狂暴的狂犬病的 teetotaler禁酒主义者 prudery过分守礼假正 经 bridle马缰控制生气 avarice贪婪 sentry哨兵 condone宽恕原谅 nectarine油桃 legitimacy合法性 sanctity圣洁神圣 preposterous反常的荒 谬的 towering极高强烈杰出 confer商议授予 ecstasy狂喜入迷 fathomless深奥无穷 at the outset一开始 on the ground that因为 bring sth into play发挥 disapprove of at stake危险 in vain白费 euthanasia安乐死 cessation停止中断 humanitarian人道主义 的博爱的慈善的 syndrome综合症 pediatric小儿科 congenital先天的 intestinal肠的 obstruction阻塞障碍 scalpel外科手术刀 dehydration脱水 patently明显地 prohibitively禁止地 thrash鞭打战胜乱窜辗 转反侧 deranged使精神错乱 打乱 grotesque荒诞奇异丑 陋外貌怪异 perversion歪曲变坏变 态 conflate合并混合 appraisal估计估量 sadistic残暴的 make a case against坚 称某事是错的 set out动身开始阐明 set foot in进入 account for解释 in a …light以某种方 式（view sth in a new light） be subject to应当…容 易…附属于…在…控 制下 have a bearing on对… 有影响与…有关 go along with赞同支持 去x的（go along with

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Is Love an Art? Is Love an art? Then it requires knowledge and effort. Or is love a pleasant sensation, which to experiences is a matter of chance, something one "falls intro" if one is lucky? Undoubtedly, the majority of people today believe in the latter. 爱是一门艺术吗？那就需要知识并付出努力。或者爱是一种令人愉悦的情感，只有幸运儿才能“坠入”爱河呢？这本小书是以第一种假设为前提的，而大多数人无疑都相信第二种假设。 Not that people think that love is not important. They are starved for it; they watch endless numbers of films about happy and unhappy love stories, they listen to hundreds of trashy songs abut love - yet hardly anyone thinks that there is anything that needs to be learned about love. 人们并非认为爱无关紧要。人们对于爱总是如饥似渴，悲欢离合的爱情电影他们百看不厌，百 般无聊的爱情歌曲他们百听不烦。但很少有人认为爱需要学习。 This peculiar attitude is based on several premises which either singly or combinedly tend to uphold it. Most people see the problem of love primarily as that of “being loved”, rather than that of “loving”, of one's capacity to love. Hence the problem to them is how to be loved, how to be lovable. In pursuit of this aim they follow several paths. One, which is especially used by men, is to be successful, to be as powerful and rich as the social margin of one's position permits. Another, used especially by women, is to make oneself attractive, by cultivating one's body, dress, etc. Other ways of making oneself attractive, used both by men and women, are to develop pleasant manners, interesting conversation, to be helpful, modest, inoffensive. Many of the ways to make oneself lovable are the same as those used to make oneself successful, "to win friends and influence people." As a matter of fact, what most people in our culture mean by being lovable is essentially a mixture between being popular and having sex appeal. 对爱的这种奇怪观点基于几个错误前提，这些前提或单独或一起支撑着这一观点。多数人认为 爱就是“被人爱”，而非“爱别人”，或主动去爱的能力。因此，对他们而言，关键问题就在于如何被爱，如何扮可爱。他们采取各种途径以期达到此目的。一个方法就是成为成功人士，在自己的社会地位所许可的范围内获取最大量的权力和财产。这种方法的效法者多为男性。另一个方法则是通过保持身材和注重打扮使自己富有魅力。女性优为青睐该方法。其他一些让自己魅力四射的方法有：举止得体，谈吐风趣，乐于助人、低调内敛等。这些方式男女均有采用。很多使自己可爱的方式和使自己成功的途径并无区别，那就是“赢得朋友和影响他人”。事实上，社会上大多数人所理解的“可爱”无非是受大众欢迎和对异性有吸引力这两点的综合而已。 A second premise behind the attitude that there is nothing to be learned about love is the assumption that the problem of love is the problem of an “object”, not the problem of a “faculty”. People think that to “love” is simple, but that to find the right object to love - or to be loved by - is difficult. This attitude has several reasons rooted in the

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复旦大学研究生课程和教材建设重点资助项目：研究生第一外国语（英语） 研究生英语 English for Graduate Students 主编 曾建彬卢玉玲 副主编 何静黄莺张宁宁 编委（以汉语拼音为序） 范若恩谷红欣顾乡何静 黄莺刘雯卢玉玲夏威 雍毅曾建彬张宁宁赵蓉

主编简介 曾建彬，复旦大学英语语言文学博士，研究生导师，中国认知语言学会会员，美国TESOL 会员，United Board访问学者（St. Mary’s College of Maryland, USA, 2001-2002）。曾任复旦大学研究生英语教学部主任，现任复旦大学外文学院党委副书记。近年来主要开设学术英语写作，英文原著选读，研究生综合英语，研究生高级英语等课程。主要研究领域为语言学和英语教育。主要代表作有《英文原著选读》（2010），《下义关系的认知语义研究》（2011），《研究生英语》（2012），《研究生高级英语》（2012），以及在各类专业期刊上发表的论文十余篇。曾先后获上海市教学成果三等奖（2001），上海市教学成果二等奖（2005），复旦大学研究生教学成果三等奖（2008），CASIO优秀论文奖（2009、2011）等奖励。 卢玉玲，复旦大学世界文学与比较文学博士，副教授，上海市比较文学协会会员，复旦大学外文学院大学英语部研究生教研室主任。2002-2003年在纽约州州立大学奥尔巴尼分校英语系学习，研修英美文学与翻译研究。长期从事研究生英语语言教学工作，并参与编写多部研究生英语教材，如作为副主编参与编写教育部研究生推荐用书《研究生综合英语》（1、2册，复旦大学出版社）。在各类权威、核心期刊如《中国翻译》，《中国比较文学》等刊物上发表论文十余篇，研究领域涉及英美文学、翻译与英语教学研究。2008年获复旦大学研究生教学成果奖三等奖。

研究生综合英语2(修订版)复旦大学出版社 曾道明 陆效用 课后答案与课文翻译

浙江工业大学 Unit One Key to Exercises III. Vocabulary A. 1. came up with 6. put your mind 2. The chances are 7. appalled 3. fell flat 8. verdict 4. bestowed upon 9. poise 5. downright 10. blurted out B 1. inarticulate 6. enhance 2. insults 7. invite 3. inept 8. sickly 4. glowingly9. adroit 5. execrable 10. charming C. 1. A 6. C 2. C 7. D 3. C 8. A 4. B 9. C 5. A 10 A IV. Cloze 1. hesitant 6. external 11. Given 16. achieved 2. playing 7. lurking 12. for 17. equal 3. contributes 8. whose 13. perspective 18. based 1.or 9. because 14. drawback 19. enters 2.confidence 10. withhold 15. competition 20. enhancing V. Translation A． 我想了片刻，觉得世界上讲西班牙语的人最善于辞令，也许可以从他们身上学到点什么。你对他们中的一个人赞叹道，“这是我曾经见到过的最漂亮的房子”，他立刻回应道，“您大驾光临，更使蓬荜生辉。”让你站在那儿，一脸尴尬。要想回敬他们是没有用的——不管说什么，最后他们总会占上风的。 有一点很清楚：所有得体的社交最根本的就在于保持镇定。Eliza. W. Farrar，写过一本美国最早的关于礼仪方面的书。她在书中讲述了在新英格兰举行的一次

复旦研究生英语Unit Two

How to Be a Good Graduate Student why go to graduate school at all The usual reasons given are that a . is required or preferred for some jobs, especially research and academic positions; that it gives you a chance to learn a great deal about a specific area; and that it provides an opportunity to develop ideas and perform original research. Wanting to delay your job hunt is probably not a good enough reason. Graduate school is a lot of work and requires strong motivation and focus. You have to really want to be there to make it through. 究竟为什么要读研呢人们给出的一些常见的理由是有些工作要求或青睐博士学位，尤其是研究或学术类的职位；读研使你有机会深入学习某个领域；为你提供一个开发思想以及从事独创研究的机会。希望通过读研延迟找工作或许不是一个足够好的理由。读研需要投入大量的精力，并且需要强大的动力和明确的方向。你必须发自内心地想读才能够完成学业。 It helps to have a good idea of what area you want to specialize in, and preferably a couple of particular research projects you might like to work on. Look for books and current journals and conference proceedings in your area, and read through them to get an idea of who's doing what where. (You'll be doing a *lot* of reading once you start graduate school, so you might as well get used to it.) This is where advisors first enter the scene: faculty members ought to be willing to talk to undergraduates and help them find out more about research areas and graduate schools. Try to get involved in research: ask professors and TAs whether they need someone to work on an ongoing project, or start an independent research project, with guidance from a faculty member. 对自己打算研究的领域有所了解会有帮助，有几项你特别愿意从事的研究项目会更有帮助。查