2019-2020同步外研英语选修七新突破讲义：Module 3 Section Ⅲ Grammar——倒装句和强调句 Word版含答案

Section Ⅲ　Grammar——倒装句和强

调句

一、倒装

在英语中，有时为了强调或为了保持句子的平衡，把谓语的一部分或整个谓语提到主语之前，这就是倒装。就其形式来说，分为两种：一种是把整个谓语放在主语之前，即全部倒装；另一种是把谓语的一部分，即助动词或情态动词放在主语之前，即部分倒装。

1．全部倒装

(1)here，there，now，then，away，down，in，off，out等副词位于句首且句子主语为名词时，用全部倒装。

Now comes the chance.

现在机会来了。

There stands a leaning tower in the city of Pisa.

比萨城内矗立着一座斜塔。

Up went the arrow into the sky.

箭射向了天空。

[名师点津]　

上述结构中，若主语句子是代词时，则不用倒装；而且在这类句子中句子的谓语动词多为go，come，rush，run，fly等。

Here he comes.他来了。

(2)表示地点的介词短语位于句首时，句子要全部倒装。

By the river stands a big paper-making factory.

河边有一家大型造纸厂。

(3)为使上下文衔接紧密或保持句子平衡，常把作表语的形容词、副词、分词等提到句首，且句子全部倒装。

Gone are the days when people were at the mercy of weather.

人们靠天气吃饭的日子一去不复返了。

[即时演练1]　完成句子(使用倒装形式)

①Now comes your turn(轮到你了)．

②Out rushed the boys(男孩们就冲出去了)when the bell rang.

③In front of the stage stood a singer(站着一位歌唱家)．

2．部分倒装

(1)当only修饰状语(副词或介词短语)或状语从句且位于句首时，用部分倒装。

Only in the morning can you meet him.

你只有在早晨能见到他。

(2)never，seldom，by no means，not until，in no way等具有否定意义的副词(短语)放在句首时，用部分倒装。

Little did I know about it.

我对它了解得不多。

[名师点津]　

only修饰的如果是句子的主语，或者修饰状语但不位于句首，不用倒装语序。

Only you know my secret.

只有你知道我的秘密。

She finished the work only yesterday.

她昨天才完成工作的。

(3)在“so/such...that...”句型中，so/such...置于句首时，主句要部分倒装。

So interesting is that story that everyone wants to read it.那个故事那么有趣，以至于大家都想读。

(4)not only...but also...，no sooner...than...，hardly/scarcely...when...中，not only，no sooner，hardly/scarcely位于句首时，其后的句子要部分倒装。

(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)Not only is likability related to positive life outcomes，but it is also responsible for those outcomes，too.

讨人喜欢不仅与积极生活的结果有关，而且也是造成这些结果的原因。

(5)as引导的让步状语从句必须部分倒装，though引导的让步状语从句可倒装，也可不倒装。两者的倒装形式为“形容词/副词/分词/动词＋as/though＋主语＋谓语”。

Carefully as/though he worked，he made some mistakes.

尽管他工作很细心，但还是出了些差错。

[名师点津]　

如果将单数可数名词提前，则不用冠词。

(6)在含有were，should或had的虚拟条件句中，可以省略if，把were，should 或had提前，构成倒装。

Were he here，we would have no difficulty with it.

要是他在这儿的话，我们就不会有难处了。

(7)“so/nor/neither＋助动词/be动词/情态动词＋主语”属于部分倒装，该结构表示前面所述情况也适用于另一主语。

—Tom can speak Chinese.

—So can Mary.

——汤姆会说中文。

——玛丽也会。

He didn't go out yesterday，neither did I.

昨天他没出去，我也没出去。

[名师点津]　

“so＋主语＋助动词/be动词/情态动词”结构则表示对别人所说的话加以肯定，译作“确实，正是”。

—Wei Fang went to the cinema last night.

—So she did.

——魏芳昨晚去看电影了。

——她的确去看电影了。

[巧学助记]　

部分倒装口诀

副词开头要倒装，人称代词非如常；

only修饰副介状，位于句首半倒装；

否定意义副连词，位于句首须倒装；

表语前置主语长，衔接自然常倒装；

such代词作表语，引起主谓要倒装；

not only开头句，前一分句须倒装；

had，were，should虚拟句，省略if半倒装。

[即时演练2]　句型转换

①Although you might try，you can't make up for the lost time.

→Try as/though you might，you can't make up for the lost time.

②They worked so hard that they finished their work ahead of time.

→So hard did they work that they finished their work ahead of time.

③I didn't go to bed until I finished my homework last night.

→Not until I finished my homework last night did I go to bed.

二、强调句

1．强调句的基本构成：It is/was＋被强调部分＋who/that＋其他。指人时可用who或that，其他一律用that。

It was Tom who led the way.(强调主语)

是汤姆带的路。

It was Mr Green who/that I spoke to.(强调宾语)

我是跟格林先生说的话。

It is in the park that we take a walk.(强调地点状语)我们是在公园里散步的。

[名师点津]　

(1)强调句用来强调除谓语之外的句子成分。(2)如果句子用的是过去的某种时态，强调结构中就用was；如果句子用的是现在的某种时态，强调结构中就用is。

2．强调句的疑问句

(1)一般疑问句：Is/Was it＋被强调部分＋that/who＋句子的其他成分？

Was it in 1939 that the Second World War broke out?

第二次世界大战是在1939年爆发的吗？

(2)特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词＋is/was＋it＋that＋句子的其他成分？

Where was it that you picked up the wallet?

你是在哪里捡到这个钱包的？

3．not...until强调句型：It is/was not until＋被强调部分＋that＋其他成分。

It was not until you told me yesterday that I realized all my mistakes.

直到昨天你告诉我，我才意识到全部错误。

4．强调句的判断方式：把It is/was...that/who...去掉，如果剩下的成分能组成完整的句子，就是强调句型。

[即时演练3]　用强调句型改写下列句子

①Mr Li teaches us English.(强调主语)

It is Mr Li who/that teaches us English.

②I phoned Mr Black just now.(强调宾语)

It was Mr Black that/who I phoned just now.

③We had a conversation in my office.(强调状语)

It was in my office that we had a conversation.

Ⅰ.单句语法填空

1．Mr Smith never does any reading in the evening；nor does Mrs Smith.

2．Had the governments and scientists not worked together，AIDS-related deaths would not have fallen since their highest in 2005.

3．It was because he was late that he was criticized by the teacher.

4．Not until recently did they encourage the development of tourist-related activities in the rural areas.

5．Only when he apologizes for his rudeness will I speak to him again.

6．So beautiful is the river that it attracts many tourists every year.

7．South of the river lies(lie) a small factory.

8．No sooner had we reached the station than the train was off.

9．There comes(come) the bus.Let's hurry up.

10．—What is it that makes you so happy?

—The fact that our volleyball team has got into the final.

Ⅱ.单句改错(每句仅有1处错误)

1．It was on Sunday morning when the accident happened.

when→that/去掉on 2．It is me that should be punished for it.

me→I 3．Between the two villages lie a factory.

lie→lies 4．It was on the playground where I found the wallet.

where→that 5．Not until 9：00 am yesterday we set out for our trip.

we前加did 6．Only in this way you learn from your mistakes.

you前加can 7．It was her advice which made me a better speaker and full of confidence.

which→that 8．Seldom they go home because it is far away from them.

Seldom后加do 9．Was it because Jack came late for school why Mr.Smith got angry？

why→that 10．Not only our parents give us life，but they also give us endless love and support.

Not only后加do

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English、We are all Chinese、我们都是中国人。（2）作为“中国的，中国人的” 讲时，为形容词。I’m a Chinese student、我是一名中国的学生。 2、 What about/ How about?的用法（1）What about you = How about you 用来询问对方或第三者对前面所讨论话题的看法。(2) What about = How about + n、/pron、/v-ing 表示“怎么样”用来提出建议或请求。Eg: How about listening to some music? 听点音乐怎么样呢？ 3、How about some apples?吃些苹果怎么样？Nice to meet you! = It’s nice to meet you! 4、Glad to meet you! = I’m glad to meet you!welcome v、欢迎Adj、受欢迎的（1“）欢迎” welcome sb、 to、、、“欢迎某人到、、、、、、”eg、 Welcome you to China、欢迎你来到中国。（2）用作答谢的客套话，表示“不客气”eg、You are welcome! 不客气！ 5、在英语中，英美名字在前，姓在后 first name = give name 名字 last name = family name 姓 1、too adv、也；太（1）表示“也”，常放在肯定句句尾，表示某情况也适合某人。句尾常用逗号隔开。（2）表示“太”，修饰形容词或副词的原级。Eg: The room is too big、这个房间太小了。

2018年人教版七年级下册英语讲义(完整版)

新目标英语七年级下册知识点总结 Unit 1 Can you play the guitar？ 1，情态动词+V原can do= be able to do 2，Play+ the+ 乐器 +球类，棋类 3，join 参加社团、组织、团体 4，4个说的区别：say+内容 Speak+语言 Talk 谈论talk about sth talk with sb talk to sb Tell 告诉，讲述tell sb （not）to do sth Tell stories/ jokes 5，want= would like +（sb）to do sth 6，4个也的区别：too 肯定句末（前面加逗号） Either否定句末（前面加逗号） Also 行前be 后 As well 口语中（前面不加逗号） 7，be good at+ V-ing=do well in 擅长于be good for 对…有益（be bad for对…有害） be good to 对…友好（good 可用friendly，nice，kind替换） be good with和…相处好=get on/ along well with 8，特殊疑问句的构成：疑问词+一般疑问句 9，How/ what about+V-ing …怎么样？ （表建议） 10，感官动词（look, sound, taste, smell, feel）+adj/ like 11，选择疑问句：回答不能直接用Yes或者No，要从中选择一个回答 12，students wanted for school show（wanted 表示招募，含有被动意义） 13，show sth to sb=show sb sth give sth to sb=give sb sth 14，help sb （to）do sth Help sb with sth With sb’s help= with the help of sb Help oneself to 随便享用 15，be busy doing sth/ be busy with sth 16，need to do sth 17，be free= have time 18，have friends= make friends 19，call sb at +电话号码20，on the weekend= on weekends 21，English-speaking students 说英语的学生 （带有连词符，有形容词性质） 22，do kung fu表演功夫 Unit 2 What time do you go to school？ 1，问时间用what time或者when At+钟点at 7 o’clock at noon/ at night（during/ in the day） On+ 具体某天、星期、特指的一天 on April 1st on Sunday on a cold winter morning In +年、月、上午、下午、晚上 2，时间读法：顺读法 逆读法：分钟≤30用past five past eight（8:05）half past eight（8:30） 分钟＞30用to a quarter to ten（9:45） 整点用…o’clock 7 o’clock（7:00） 3，3个穿的区别：wear 表状态，接服装、 手套、眼镜、香水等 Put on 表动作，接服装 Dress 表动作，接sb/ oneself get dressed穿衣 3，感叹句：How+adj+主谓！ How+adj+a/an +n单+主谓！ What+ a/an +adj+ n单+主谓！ What+ adj+ n复/ 不可数+主 谓！ 4，from…to… 5，be/ arrive late for 6，频度副词（行前be 后） Always usually often sometimes seldom hardly never 7，一段时间前面要用介词for for half an hour for five minutes 8，eat/ have… for breakfast/ lunch/ dinner/ supper 9，either…or 10，a lot of=lots of 11，it is +adj+for sb +to do sth （adj修饰to do sth）It is important for me to learn English. it is +adj+of sb +to do sth （adj修饰sb） It is kind/ friendly/ nice of you to help me. Unit 3 How do you get to school？ 1，疑问词 How 如何（方式） how long 多长（时间）答语常用“（For/ about +）时间段” how far多远（距离）答语常用“（It’s +） 数词+miles/ meters/ kilometers” how often多久一次（频率）答语常用 “Always/ often/ every day/…”或“次数+时 间”等表频率的状语 How soon多快，多久以后，常用在将来 时中。答语常用“in +时间段” how many多少（接可数名词）how much（接不可数名词） why为什么（原因）what什么when 何时 who谁whom谁（宾格）（针对宾语提 问也可用who）whose谁的 2，宾语从句要用陈述句语序 3，Stop sb from doing sth Stop to do 停下来去做其他事 Stop doing 停止正在做的事 4，what do you think of/ about…？= how do you like…？你认为…怎么样？ 5，He is 11 years old. He is an 11-year-old boy. 6，many students= many of the students 7，be afraid of sth be afraid to do sth worry about be worried about 担 心 8，play with sb 9，come true 10，have to do sth 11，he is like a father to me （like像） 12，leave离开leave for 出发前往某地 13，cross 是动词across是介词 14，thanks for +n/ V-ing Thanks for your help/ thanks for helping me. Thanks for your invitation/ thanks for inviting/ asking me. Thanks to幸亏，由于，因为 15,4个花费：人+spend/ spends/ spent+时间/ 钱+（in）doing sth/ on sth 人+pay/ pays/ paid +钱+for sth It takes/ took sb +时间+to do sth 物+cost/ costs/ cost +sb +钱 16，交通方式 ●用介词。在句子中做方式状语。 ①by +交通工具名词（中间无需任何修 饰） By bus/ bike/ car/ taxi/ ship/ boat/ plane/ subway/ train……

【精品】初二英语下册第一单元讲义

1. What’s the matter (with you)? 怎么了？出什么事了？ 2. I had a cold.我感冒了。 have a stomachache胃疼，肚子疼have a toothache牙疼have a headache头疼 3. 身体部位+ache（疼痛）构成新的复合词 stomach+ache=stomachache head+ache=headache tooth+ache=toothache back+ache=backache后背痛 5. enough【形容、副词】足够的/地good enough足够好， 6. lie down躺下，lie 躺，躺着，过去式lay；lie说谎，过去式lied 或许”，常用于句首，表示可能性，后加句子。Maybe you are right. 7. maybe “ may be，是情态动词+be的结构，意为“可能，也许”，后加名词、代词或形容词。He may be angry. 8. sound like+名词代词和从句：It sounds like you don’t know the truth. It sounds like a good idea. sound+形容词，“听起来，好像”，The music sounds nice. 9. need 需要，实义动词need+名词，需要某物； need to do sth.需要做某事，主语通常是人，表示人主动的动作：You need to listen carefully during class. need doing sth.主语通常是物，表示被动的动作：Your dirty clothes need washing. 10. get off (the bus) 下（公交车）get on 上车 11. agree 同意，赞同；同意做某事 12. trouble问题，麻烦；have trouble (in) doing sth. 。 13. right away=right now=at once，意为。 14. advice [不可数名词]劝告，建议，向,征求意见give sb. advice on sth.就某事给某人建议；advise [动词] advise sb. to do sth. advise sb. doing sth . 15. exercise 动词意为锻炼 16. hurt 及物动词，使,,疼痛，,,受伤，不及物动词，,,（部位）疼。His leg hurt badly. 17. clean 【动词】清洁cleaner意为清洁工 18. hit （用手或器具）打；击打The boy hit the dog with a stone. hit sb. on the head/ nose/ back打某人的头、鼻子、后背，on用在所打较硬的部位； hit sb. in the face/ eye/ stomach 打某人的脸、眼睛、肚子，in用在所打较软的部位。 19. be used to sth./ doing sth.习惯于、适应了,,、做某事，强调状态； His grandpa was used to country life. Mary is not used to getting up early in the morning. 20. free [形容词]空闲的free time；免费的the drink is for free；自由的I want to become a free bird. free【动词】使,,解脱，得到自由He could not free his arm. 21. run out用完，用尽When his water run out, he knew that he would have to do something to save his own life. 物sth. tun out. 某物用尽了。人sb. run out of物sth..人用尽了某物。He run out of all his money last night. 22. risk (sb.) to do sth. 冒险去做某事take a risk=take risks 冒险 23. the importance of (doing) sth.（做）某事的重要性We students should know the importance of (learning) English. importance n. 重要（性），important adj.重要的，unimportant adj.不重要的 24. decision 【名词】决定；抉择； 掌管，管理The headmaster is in the control of this new school. 25. be in the control of … be out of control无法控制，无法管理be under control被控制住，在控制之中 26. mind意为意见；介意 27. give up (doing) sth. 放弃（做）某事，give up (playing) computer games；give up后可接名词、代词和动词ing形式，也可不接，如Never give up easily. 二、重要短语 思考 1. have a cold 感冒8. think about… 2. have a stomachache 肚子痛9. be interested in sth.对某事感兴趣 3. see sb. do sth. 看见某人做某事10. lose one’s life丧生 4. shout for help 呼救11. save one’s life挽救某人生命

五年级英语同步辅导讲义

I words. life 生活happy life 幸福生活 different 不同的be different from 与…不同 ago 以前many years ago 很多年以前television 电视机（简写TV） grandchildren (外)孙子（女）（复数）grandmother (外)祖母grandfather (外)祖父grandparent (外)祖父（母）lady 女士；夫人fire 炉火 radio 收音机telephone 电话 field 田地hope 希望 learnt (learn的过去式) 学习 these 这些those 那些this 这个that那个 dancer 舞蹈演员dance 舞蹈 class 班级study 学习 hard 努力地retired 退休的 II Useful expressions. 1.a programme about China关于中国的节目 2.very different 非常不同 3.many years ago 很多年以前 4.live in 居住注意：live 后面必须加上in再加地点 5. enough food足够的食物 6. many buses and cars 许多公共汽车和小汽车 7. miss my grandmother 想念我的祖母 8. last night 昨天晚上（last week, last month, last year） 9. talk about讲述 10.my grandmother 我的祖母 11.many Chinese cities 许多中国城市 12.foreign languages 外语 13.study English 学习英语

初二英语讲义1

初二英语讲义(一) 一、单项填空 1. Please show the map of Beijing, Lingling. A. I B. me C. my D. myself 2. ---- May I put my bike here? ---- No, you . You should put it over there. A. couldn’t B. wouldn’t C. mustn’t D. needn’t 3. It’s a good idea messages to your pen friends in English. A. write B. writes C. writing D. to write 4. Our classroom is much than yours. A. big B. bigger C. biggest D. the biggest 5. Which subject do you think is , English or Chinese. A. easy B. easier C. easiest D. the easiest 6. I called you at nine last night, there was no reply. A. so B. or C. but D. because 7. Let’s stop . The teacher is coming. A. talk B. talking C. talked D. to talk 8. We a football game with Class 2 yesterday. A. have B. had C. will have D. are having 9. ---- What were you doing at this time yesterday ? ---- I TV. A. watch B. watched C. am watching D. was watching 10. I will give you a message as soon as I back. A. get B. got C. will get D. have got 二、完型填空 A school was near my home and I often watched the kids from my window when they played basketball. One day, I saw a little girl playing with boys. 1 played very well and no one could stop her. Sometimes, I saw her play 2 . She often practiced by herself until dark. One day I asked her 3 she practiced so much. She said, “I want to go to university. The only way I can go is to get a scholarship（奖学金）. I like to play basketball. If I play well, I can get a scholarship. My father told me that if the 4 is big enough and work hard for it, I can be successful.” Then she smiled and ran to go practice. I watched her through junior high and into high school. Every week, she and her school team won（赢）in the basketball matches. One day, I saw her 5 in the grass. I went over there and sat down beside her. I asked her what was wrong. “Oh, nothing,” she answered, “I am just too short.” The coach（教练）told her that she would probably never play for a university team, so she should 6 her dream about university.