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老杜托福100句(十)

老杜托福100句(十)
老杜托福100句(十)

老杜托福100句(十)

句子1

The Independent Television Commission, regulator of television advertising in the United Kingdom, has criticized advertisers for "misleadingness'—creating a wrong impression either intentionally or unintentionally—in an effort to control advertisers' use of techniques that make it difficult for children to judge the true size, action, performance, or construction of a toy.

【难点解析】

本句的难点在于同位语比较多,一开始是regulator of television advertising in the United Kingdom做了主语The Independent Television Commission的同位语;再就是破折号引导同位语creating a wrong impression……来解释misleadingness。另外,that 引导的定语从句修饰状语中的某一部分,这使得句子层次变得更加复杂。我们可以先将句子主干串联起来,其它的修饰性的成分(比如定语、同位语等)放在一边,找到句子主要的含义,再按照时间发生先后顺序,或者逻辑顺序,将整个句子意思整合起来。

【参考翻译】

一些广告技巧使儿童很难判断玩具的真实大小、功能、性能或结构,独立电视委员会(英国电视广告的管理机构)为了控制广告商的那些广告技巧,已经批评过广告商的“误导行为”(这种“误导行为”有意或无意地制造某种错误的印象)。

【成分划分】

主句

The Independent Television Commission, [主语] regulator of television advertising in the United Kingdom, [同位语] has criticized [谓语] advertisers [宾语] for "misleadingness' [状语]—creating a wrong impression either intentionally or unintentionally—[同位语] in an effort to control advertisers' use of techniques. [状语]

定语从句

The techniques [主语] make [谓语] it [形式宾语] difficult [宾语补足语] for children [状语] to judge the true size, action, performance, or construction of a toy. [宾语]

句子2

Unlike in the Americas, where metallurgy was a very late and limited development, Africans had iron from a relatively early date, developing ingenious furnaces to produce the high heat needed for production and to control the amount of air that reached the carbon and iron ore necessary for making iron.

【难点解析】

本句的难点在于句子层次比较复杂。一开始是unlike 引导状语修饰句子主干;接着就是where引导非限制性定语从句,介绍the Americas那个地方的情况;然后才是句子主干出现:Africans had iron from a relatively early date;接着就是现在分词短语做伴随状语,修饰整个主干;最后还有一个定语从句修饰状语中的名词成分the amount of air。理解句

子的关键就是找到主句和分句,然后顺着时间发展顺序或者逻辑关系,重新梳理句子含义。

【参考翻译】

在美洲,冶金技术出现地很晚,并且其发展也受到了限制;和美洲不同,非洲在相对较早的时期就出现了铁器制品,同时发明出了独创性的熔炉,这个熔炉可以用来创造冶铁所必须的高温条件,并且控制接触到制造铁器所必须的碳矿石和铁矿石的空气流量。

【成分划分】

主句

Unlike in the Americas, [状语] Africans [主语] had [谓语] iron [宾语] from a relatively early date, [状语] developing ingenious furnaces [状语] to produce the high heat [状语] needed for production [定语] and [连接词] to control the amount of air. [状语]

定语从句

Metallurgy [主语] was [系动词] a very late and limited development [表语] in the Americas. [状语]

定语从句

The air [主语] reached [谓语] the carbon and iron ore [宾语] necessary for making iron. [定语]

The second factor is that radiant heat coming into the city from the Sun is trapped in two ways: (1) by a continuing series of reflections among the numerous vertical surfaces that buildings present and (2) by the dust dome the cloudlike layer of polluted air that most cities produce.

【难点解析】

本句的难点在于主句的表语部分比较复杂。首先,The second factor is that radiant heat……既可以理解为that radiant heat整体做名词性成分,也可以理解为that引导了一个从句,这时候需要我们根据后面的内容再做判断。后面出现is trapped in two ways,如果that radiant heat整体做名词性成分,句子就出现了两个谓语,显然不对。所以,这里是that引导表语从句。另外,这个句子还出现冒号引导同位语(并非只有名词性结构才能有同位语),序号(1)(2)帮助我们分清层次,这些符号为我们理解句子减轻了不少难度。

【参考翻译】

第二个因素是太阳辐射到城市的热能有两种传递方式:(1)通过在建筑物所呈现的大量垂直面中发生的一系列接连不断的折射来传递(2)通过大多数城市中产生的受污染空气组成的云状尘埃层来传递。

【成分划分】

主句

The second factor [主语] is [系动词] something. [表语]

Radiant heat [主语] coming into the city from the Sun [定语] is trapped [谓语] in two ways: [状语] (1) by a continuing series of reflections among the numerous vertical surfaces and (2) by the dust dome the cloudlike layer of polluted air. [同位语]

定语从句

Buildings [主语] present [谓语] the numerous vertical surfaces. [宾语]

定语从句

Most cities [主语] produce [谓语] the cloudlike layer of polluted air. [宾语]

句子4

The key factor in the success of these countries (along with high literacy, which contributed to it) was their ability to adapt to the international division of labor determined by the early industrializers and to stake out areas of specialization in international markets for which they were especially well suited.

【难点解析】

本句的难点在于主语和谓语被分割,in the success of these counties 做后置定语修饰the key factor,另外along with literacy……又做了评注性状语,将句子主语和谓语分开,这导致我们理解的时候需要重新组合信息,将句子主干找出来。另外,此句还出现了两个不定式做后置定语修饰ability,我们可以单独把修饰性成分拿出来,理解之后再整合成一句话。

【参考翻译】

这四个国家之所以取得工业化成功,关键因素在于他们能够适应由早期工业化国家所制订的国际劳动力分配,以及利用自身优势坚持对国际市场的各专业领域进行跟踪监控。

【成分划分】

主句

The key factor [主语] in the success of these countries [定语] (along with high literacy) [定语] was [系动词] their ability [表语] to adapt to the international division of labor [定语] determined by the early industrializers [定语] and [连接词] to stake out areas of specialization in international markets. [定语]

定语从句

High literacy [主语] contributed to [谓语] it. [宾语]

定语从句

They [主语] were [系动词] especially well suited [表语] for areas of specialization. [状语]

句子5

For example, in 1875 one biologist pointed out the diversity of butterflies in the Amazon when he mentioned that about 700 species were found within an hour's walk, whereas the total number found on the British islands did not exceed 66, and

the whole of Europe supported only 321.

【难点解析】

本句的难点在于句子层次极其复杂。先是when引导了时间状语从句,后来是mention后面跟了宾语从句,之后还有whereas引导了一个并列句与about 700 species were found within……并列,而whereas引导的并列句内部,又是两个并列的分句。这里在判断并列句的时候需要注意根据句子含义来考虑究竟是哪两项并列,一般并列的内容都是讲述同一范畴内的事物。

【参考翻译】

例如,在1875年,一位生物学家指出亚马逊地区蝴蝶(种类)的多样性:在那时,他提到,在此区域步行不到一个小时,就发现了大约700种蝴蝶;而不列颠群岛发现的蝴蝶种类总量不超过66种,经证实,整个欧洲也只有321种。

【成分划分】

并列句

For example, [状语] in 1875 [状语] one biologist [主语] pointed out [谓语] the diversity of butterflies [宾语] in the Amazon. [定语]

定语从句

He [主语] mentioned [谓语] something. [宾语]

宾语从句

About 700 species [主语] were found [谓语] within an hour's walk. [状语]

并列句

The total number [主语] found on the British islands [定语] did not exceed [谓语] 66. [宾语]

并列句

The whole of Europe [主语] supported [谓语] only 321. [宾语]

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9. I agree。我同意。 10. Not bad. 还不错。 11. Not yet. 还没。 12. See you. 再见。 13. Shut up! 闭嘴! 14. So long. 再见。 15. Why not? 好呀! (为什么不呢?) 16. Allow me. 让我来。 17. Be quiet! 安静点! 18. Cheer up! 振作起来! 19. Good job! 做得好! 20. Have fun! 玩得开心! 21. How much? 多少钱? 22. Im full. 我饱了。 23. Im home. 我回来了。 24. Im lost. 我迷路了。

25. My treat. 我请客。 26. So do I. 我也一样。 27. This way。这边请。 28. After you. 您先。 29. Bless you! 祝福你! 30. Follow me. 跟我来。 31. Forget it! 休想! (算了!) 32. Good luck! 祝好运! 33. I decline! 我拒绝! 34. I promise. 我保证。 35. Of course! 当然了! 36. Slow down! 慢点! 37. Take care! 保重! 38. They hurt. (伤口)疼。 39. Try again. 再试试。 40. Watch out! 当心。

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意思也就明朗了。这里需要分清楚定语和状语的区别,定语修饰的是名词性的成分,一般紧挨着被修饰词(比如,results for transit trade…,for transit trade修饰的是results),而状语则修饰非名词性成分,而且位置比较灵活,放在句首、句中或者句尾都不影响句子含义。 3.拆分 并列句1:The people of the Netherlands, with a long tradition of fisheries and mercantile shipping, had difficulty in developing good harbors suitable for steamships.并列句2:Eventually they did so at Rotterdam and Amsterdam, with exceptional results for transit trade with Germany and central Europe and for the processing of overseas foodstuffs and raw materials (sugar, tobacco, chocolate, grain, and eventually oil). 4.句子成分 并列句1:The people of the Netherlands, [主语] with a long tradition of fisheries and mercantile shipping, [定语] had [谓语] difficulty [宾语] in developing good harbors suitable for steamships. [定语] 翻译:有着悠久传统的渔业和航运业的荷兰人,在建造适合汽船停靠的优良海港上遇到难题。

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这个句子的主干是: Many prehistorians believe that从句 从句中的主干是: farming may have emerged dependently 修饰一:(in several different areas of the world),介词短语 中文:在世界几个不同地区 修饰二:(driven by increasing population and a decline inavailable food resources),非谓语动词,相当于形容词修饰small munities 中文:迫于人口不断增长和可用食物资源减少 修饰三:(when small munities began to plant seeds in the ground in an effort to guarantee their survival),从句 请大家注意此处的断句问题。

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