同济大学博士生英语期末考试30篇阅读理解.
同济大学博士生期末考试30篇阅读理解:第一篇
They say America is parched by a climate of hatred and they do not know what they are talking about,but they are right anyway.The real hatred in America is the hatred between the desk-diner,who distinctly ordered the cheeseburger with ketchup,not mustard,and the mumbling delivery boy who doesn't give a damn. Or between the man who needs change for a phone call and the merchant who not only refuses but refuses with a deliberation that suggests he has waited years for precisely this opportunity.Ponder the relationship between the man waiting outside a pay phone booth and the man snuggled up inside.The dialogue is silent but savage.If you like gratitude in unexpected spurts,try opening the door of the phone booth when it is yours,smiling at the person waiting and saying"I'll just be another minute."or"This call may take a while.Sorry to make you wait."The impact is as galvanic as if the Vietcong were to wake a sleeping GI patrol and say,"Fellow,we've just got our radio working.Would you like to come over and listen to the superbowl?"
Americans used to ask themselves,"How nice can I be without seeming ridiculous?"Now we ask,"How rude can I be and still get away with it?"People don't accept apologies anymore.They simply enjoy the sweet string of hostility. If you want to spread some happiness,try hailing the next off-duty cab driver, whether you want him or not.That Cossack brush-off he waves you does not betoken apology or regret.It is pure thrill.People crave triumph,and if they cannot get it through personal victory,they'll get it through personal viciousness. Most people have never known any triumph higher than looking out the window of an express train as it zips past a local.Now,this actually happened.A furious woman with a nasal whine shrill enough to break glassware banged on the door of the apartment above hers and began one of those yelping threat-laden routines about shower curtains and seeping water and falling plaster and lawsuits and witnesses and full damage and everything.The sleeping man who answered waited until the crescendo peaked,then smiled and said,"How much?"The woman twitched.Her face
retained color--iridescent in fact--and her hands kept flailing,but her audios was completely cut off.The man went to his coat, pull out his checkbook,returned to the door,and repeated,"How much?"The woman went back to her own apartment in defeat.She'd been robbed of her fun. Here
she had her whole case unassailably built,and the fight was over before she
could land one punch.
1.According to Paragraph1,hatred can leave a nation________.
Adried out and unproductive
Bdisorganized
Cwarlike
Dsilent but savage沉默,但野蛮
2.By enjoying"the sweet sting of hostility,"the author suggests that________.
Amost cab drivers approve of Cossacks
Bsometimes personal viciousness can result in personal triumph有时是个人的恶质化可能会导致个人的胜利
Cmore and more people are finding it more rewarding to be nasty than to be nice
Dhostility is a conscious reaction to gratitude
3.People don't accept apologies anymore because________.
Aacceptance would be a sign of weakness
Bthey are ashamed to do so
Cmost people would rather fight than switch
Dto reject an apology may give some people a sense of personal triumph以拒绝道歉,可能令一些人有意识的个人胜利
4.The tone of the complaining woman(Paragraph8was_______.
Aviolent and threatening
Bbasically forgiving基本上宽容
Cself-righteous
Done of confusion
5.The author's attitude is generally_________.
Aoptimistic
Bpessimistic
Ctongue-in-check
Dconstructive建设性
parch烤干,parched炎热的,parchment羊皮纸
distinct【音标】:[di'sti?kt]【词典解释】:形容词a.1.与其他不同的,有区别的[(+from]2.明显的,清楚的;确定无误的 3.难得的;
cheeseburger【音标】:['t?i:z,b?:g?]【词典解释】:名词n.1.夹干酪和碎牛肉的三明治;
mustard【音标】:['m?st?d]【词典解释】:名词n.1.芥末;芥子2.芥菜3.芥末色,深黄色4.【俚】(酒等的热辣劲;热情;【例...
mumble【音标】:['m?mbl]【词典解释】:及物动词vt.1.含糊地说,咕哝着说 2.抿着嘴嚼不及物动词vi.1.含糊地说话,咕哝名词
delivery【音标】:[di'liv?ri]【词典解释】:名词n.1.投递,传送2.交付,交货 3.一次投递(或交付的邮件(或货物4.转让;引渡 5....
damn【音标】:[d?m]【词典解释】:及物动词vt.1.罚...入地狱2.骂...该死,咒骂 3.指责,骂...一文不值 4.使失败,毁掉名词n.1
precisely【音标】:[pri'saisli]【词典解释】:副词ad.1.精确地,准确地2.清晰地,明确地 3.严格地,一丝不苟地 4.刻板地,过分拘泥细节...
他们说,美国是一个炎热的气候和仇恨,他们不知道他们在说什么,但无论如何他们是对的。
在美国真正的仇恨是办公桌之间的仇恨,晚餐,谁下令明显的番茄酱汉堡,没有芥末和喃喃送外卖谁不给予该死。该名男子之间谁需要一个电话,谁的商人不仅拒绝但有审议的建议,他等了几年正是这个机会,拒绝改变。
思考之间的工资外电话亭等人与该名男子的关系偶依在里面。这次对话是无声的,但野蛮。
如果你喜欢在意想不到的苗头感谢,尝试打开了电话亭时,是你们的大门,在等待的人微笑着说:“我只是一分钟。”或“此调用可能需要一段时间。抱歉让你等待。”
在电流的冲击,仿佛越共唤醒一个沉睡的地理巡逻,说:“各位,我们只是想让我们的广播电台工作。你想过来,听超级?”
美国人常常问自己,“怎么好我能却好像很荒谬吗?”现在我们要问,“如何粗鲁我能,仍然摆脱它?”
人们不接受道歉了。他们只是享受敌对甜字符串。如果你想散播一些幸福,尝试欢呼下休班出租车司机,是否想要他。这哥萨克刷过他海浪你并不预示道歉或表示遗憾。它是纯粹的快感。
人们都渴望胜利,如果他们无法通过个人的胜利,那么他们将可以通过个人
恶毒了。大多数人从来不知道比望着一个特快列车窗口的任何胜利更高,因为它过去拉链地方。
现在,这个曾经发生过。一个有足够的鼻尖声抱怨愤怒的女子打破上述她的公寓的门砰地一玻璃器皿,并开始威胁这些yelping装满例程对浴帘和渗漏水和下降石膏和诉讼和证人,全面破坏和一切。
在熟睡的男子谁回答等到高潮达到顶峰,然后微笑着说,“多少钱?”该名女子抽动。她的脸保留颜色-事实上闪光-和她的手上挥舞,但她的音响完全切断。
该名男子到他的外衣,拿出他的支票簿,回到门口,并重申,“多少钱?”这名妇女又回到自己的公寓中失败。她自己被抢走了她的乐趣。在这里,她把她整个案件unassailably建成,战斗已经结束了她之前的土地一拳打。
1。根据第1款,仇恨可以留下一个民族________。
甲干涸和非生产性
乙混乱
丙好战
四沉默,但野蛮
答案:A
2。通过享受“甜蜜的敌对刺”,作者建议________。
a大多数出租车司机赞同哥萨克
乙,有时是个人的恶质化可能会导致个人的胜利
丙越来越多的人都发现更有价值的是讨厌比是好的
丁敌意是一种自觉的反应表示感谢
答案:C
3。人们不接受道歉了,因为________。
甲接受将是软弱的表现
乙他们这样做感到羞耻
c大多数人宁愿斗争不是开关
D,以拒绝道歉,可能令一些人有意识的个人胜利答案:D
4。在起诉女音(第8段是_______。
甲暴力和威胁
乙基本上宽容
丙自以为是
丁混乱1
答案:A
5。作者的态度一般是_________。
甲乐观
乙悲观
丙舌的检查
深建设性
答案:D
TOP 同济大学博士生期末考试30篇阅读理解:第二篇
Western states were the first to give women the vote.Between1869and the outbreak of World War I,17states west of the Mississippi gave women the right
to vote in state elections for Governors and Representatives.It was not until1920 that the Federal Government under pressure by suffragettes(women insisting on their right to vote,followed the states'lead and permitted women to take part in national elections for Congresswomen and the President.
Women have made great strides since then in achieving political equality. Recently,American feminists have been working hard to achieve social and economic equality as well as political.Their belief is that,as there is nothing that women cannot do just as well as men,they should be shown the same respect and have the same social rights and the same pay as their male counterparts. Anything less is discrimination and sexism.
Few American girls agree with the extreme feminists who deride marriage and romantic love,but more and more of them are prepared to live with a man outside marriage,often with the intention of buying a home and marrying only when,between them,they have saved enough money.Young couples today share both the household chores and care of the baby.
The old generations,especially those that live in the city suburbs,are bewildered and disturbed by this trend.It is all against the great American tradition of the "home"as the symbol of the unified family.
The American woman makes the most of her free time.She helps with political campaigns.She sits on committees.She goes to classes of all kinds,from health foods to
English literature,from environmental studies to karate.She swims, plays tennis,and she takes an active interest in her children's education.In most
of these activities her companions are other housewives from her neighborhood. There are women executives of some important industries and businesses.In fact there are women in most jobs which were formerly reserved for men.There are women lawyers,doctors,architects,as well as women bus drivers,but the ordinary working women will earn less than a man gets for doing the same job although there is a law which makes this illegal.American girls tend to marry young,which means that60%of the women in work are married.This also helps to explain why so many young married couples have such a high standard of living.
American women seem to have more self-confidence than women from most other countries.For years they have felt no inferiority whatsoever to the male sex.Therefore visitors to the USA rarely meet militant feminists.
1.When were the American women first given right to vote in national elections?
AIn1869.
BDuring World War I.
CIn1920.
DIn recent years.
2.American feminists believe that women________.
Ahave made great progress in obtaining both political and social equality
Bhave achieved both social and economical equality
Chave not got enough social and economical equality as well as political one
Dhave not had the same self-confidence as the men have
3.What attitude do the American women have towards marriage according to the passage?
AMost of them still believe in marriage and romantic love.
BTheir marriage should be able to bring them money and home.
CExtreme feminists are ready to live with a man outside marriage.
DThe younger generations of women prefer to have a unified family.
4.During their free time,American women are usually engaged in_______.
Ahelping with political movements
Blearning how to fight to protect themselves
Cdoing housework and taking care of children
Dboth Aand B
5.Which of the following can be best title of this passage?
AAmerican Feminists
BAmerican Women and Their Struggle for Equality
CAmerican Girls
DWomen and Rights
西方国家是第一个给予妇女投票权。至1869年,第一次世界大战,17个州密西西比河西部地区爆发赋予妇女投票权的理事和代表的州议会选举。直到1920年不
是因为女权的压力下联邦政府(妇女投票权的坚持,其次是国家的领先优势,并允许妇女参加的代表大会代表和全国选举的总统的一部分。
妇女自此已在实现政治平等的重大进展。最近,美国的女权主义者一直在努力工作,以实现社会和经济平等以及政治。他们的信念是,由于没有什么,妇女不能做一样好男人,就应该表现出同样的尊重,具有相同的社会权利和她们的男性同工同酬。如果不这样做是歧视和性别歧视。
几个美国女孩同意极端女权主义者谁嘲笑婚姻和浪漫爱情,但他们越来越多的愿意住在婚姻以外的人,常常是在购买住房和打算结婚只有当它们之间,他们省吃俭用足够的钱。今天的年轻夫妇都分享家务和照顾婴儿。
老一辈,特别是那些在城市郊区居住,是困惑和不安这一趋势。这是对伟大的“美国传统的家庭”作为统一的家庭的象征。
美国女子使她的大部分业余时间。她帮助的政治运动。她坐在委员会。她去各种班,从保健食品到英国文学环境研究,为空手道。她游泳,打网球,她需要一个孩子的教育积极的兴趣。在大多数这些活动她的同伴从住家附近其他家庭主妇。
有一些重要行业和企业的女性主管。事实上,也有妇女在其中大多数为男性保留原职位。有女律师,医生,建筑师,以及妇女巴士司机,但普通的劳动妇女的收入低于男性做同样的工作得到尽管有一项法律,使这个非法的。美国女孩往往结婚的年轻人,这意味着60%的工作是已婚妇女。这也有助于解释为什么这么多的年轻夫妇有如此高水准的生活。
美国妇女似乎有更多的自我信心比女性大多数其他国家。多年来,他们感到
没有对任何男性自卑。因此,游客到美国激进女权主义者很少见面。
1。当首次获得投票权,在全国大选中,美国妇女?
甲在1869年。
b在第一次世界大战
C在1920年。
D在最近几年。
答案:C
2。美国女性主义者认为,妇女________。
甲已取得的政治和社会平等的重大进展
乙取得社会和经济平等
丙有没有足够的社会和经济平等以及政治1
丁也从来没有同自我的人有信心
答案:C
3。做什么样的态度美国妇女对婚姻有根据的通过? 甲,其中多数人仍然相信婚姻和爱情。
b他们的婚姻应该可以为他们带来金钱和家庭。
丙极端女权主义者愿意住在婚姻外的人。
四妇女的年轻一代希望有一个统一的家庭。
答案:A
4。在他们的自由时间,美国妇女通常从事_______。甲帮助政治运动
b学习如何保护自己的斗争
丙做家务和照顾子女
d两个a和b
答案:D
5。以下哪一项最能对这段话的标题?
甲美国的女权主义者
乙美国妇女争取平等的斗争
c美国女孩
d妇女和权利
答案:B
TOP 同济大学博士生期末考试30篇阅读理解:第三篇
The concept of personal choice in relation to health behaviors is an important one.An estimated90percent of all illness may be preventable if individuals would make sound personal health choices based upon current medical knowledge.We all enjoy our freedom of choice and do not like to see it restricted when it is within the legal and moral boundaries of society.The structure of American society allows us to make almost all our own personal decisions that may concern our health.If we so desire,we can smoke,drink excessively,refuse to wear seat belts,eat whatever food we want, and live a completely sedentary life-style without any exercise.The freedom to make such personal decisions is a fundamental aspect of our society,although the wisdom of these decisions can be questioned.Personal choices relative to health often cause a difficulty.As one example,a teenager may know the facts relative to smoking cigarettes and health but may be pressured by friends into believing it is the socially accepted thing to do.
A multitude of factors,both inherited and environmental,influence the development of health-related behaviors,and it is beyond the scope of this text to discuss all these factors as they may affect any given individual.However,the decision to adopt a particular health-related behavior is usually one of personal choice. There are healthy choices and there are unhealthy choices.In discussing the morals of personal choice,Fries and Crapo drew a comparison.They suggest that to knowingly give oneself over to a behavior that has a statistical probability of shortening life is similar to attempting suicide.Thus,for those individuals who are interested in preserving both the quality and quantity of
life,personal health choices should reflect those behaviors that are associated with a statistical probability of increased vitality and longevity.
1.The concept of personal choice concerning health is important because ________.
Apersonal health choices help cure most illness
Bit helps raise the level of our medical knowledge
Cit is essential to personal freedom in American society
Dwrong decisions could lead to poor health
2.To“live a compl etely sedentary life-style”(Line7,Para.1in the passage
means________.
Ato“live an inactive life”
Bto“live a decent life”
Cto“live a life with complete freedom”
Dto“live a life of vice”
3.Sound personal health choice is often difficult to make because________.
Acurrent medical knowledge is still insufficient
Bthere are many factors influencing our decisions
Cfew people are willing to trade the quality of life
Dpeople are usually influenced by the behavior of their friends
4.To knowingly allow oneself to purse unhealthy habits is compared by Fried and Crapo to________.
Aimproving the quality of one’s life
Blimiting one’s personal health choice
Cdeliberately ending one’s life
Dbreaking the rules of social behavior
5.According to Fries and Crapo sound health choices should be based on ________.
Apersonal decisions
Bsociety’s laws
Cstatistical evidence
Dfriends’opinions
1.D
2.A
3.B
4.C
5.C
同济大学博士生期末考试30篇阅读理解:第四篇
In general,our society is becoming one of giant enterprises directed by a bureaucratic management in which man becomes a small well-oiled cog(齿轮in
the machinery.The oiling is done with higher wages,well-ventilated factories and piped music,and by psychologists and"human relations"experts;yet all this oiling does not alter the fact that man has become powerless,that he is bored with it.In fact,the blue-and the white-collar workers have become economic puppets who dance to the tune of automated machines and bureaucratic management.
The worker and employee are anxious not only because they might find themselves out of a job;they are anxious also because they are unable to acquire any real satisfaction of interest in life.They live and die without ever having confronted the fundamental realities of human existence as emotionally and intellectually independent and productive human beings.
Those higher up on the social ladder are no less anxious.Their lives are no less empty than those of their subordinates.They are even more insecure in some respects.They are in a highly competitive race.To be promoted or to fall behind is not a matter of salary but even more a matter of self-respect.When they apply for their first job,they are tested for intelligence as well as for the right mixture of submissiveness and independence.From that moment on they are tested again and again--by the psychologists,for whom testing is a big business,and by their superiors,who judge their behavior,sociability,capacity to get along,etc.This constant need to prove that one is as good as or better than one's fellow-competitor creates constant anxiety and stress,the very causes of unhappiness and illness.
Am I suggesting that we should return to the pre-industrial mode of production or to nineteenth-century"free enterprise"capitalism?Certainly not.Problems are never solved by returning to a stage which one has already outgrown.I suggest transforming our social system from a bureaucratically managed industrialism in which maximal production and consumption are ends in themselves into a humanist industrialism in which man and full development of his potentialities--those of all love and of reason--are the aims of social arrangements.Production and consumption should serve only as means to this end,and should be prevented from ruling man.
1.By"a well-oiled cog in the machinery"the author intends to render the idea that man is_________.
Aa necessary part of the society though each individual's function is negligible
Bworking in complete harmony with the rest of the society
Can unimportant part in comparison with the rest of the society,though functioning smoothly
Da humble component of the society,especially when working smoothly
2.The real cause of the anxiety of the workers and employees is that________.
Athey are likely to lose their jobs
Bthey have no genuine satisfaction or interest in life
Cthey are faced with the fundamental realities of human existence
Dthey are deprived of their individuality and independence
3.From the passage we can infer that real happiness of life belongs to those
________.
Awho are at the bottom of the society
Bwho are higher up in their social status
Cwho prove better than their fellow competitors
Dwho could keep far away from this competitive world
4.To solve the present social problems the author suggests that we should _______.
Aresort to the production mode of our ancestors
Boffer higher wages to the workers and employees
Cenable man to fully develop his potentialities
Dtake the fundamental realities for granted
5.The author's attitude towards industrialism might best be summarized as one of ________.
Aapproval
Bdissatisfaction
Csuspicion
Dtolerance
总的来说,我们的社会正在成为官僚管理的人变成了一个小的机械润滑良好的齿轮(齿轮的导演大企业之一。完成的注油工资较高,通风良好的工厂和管道的音乐,由心理学家和“人类关系”的专家,然而这一切注油不会改变的事实,人类已变得无能为力,他正在与厌烦。事实上,蓝领和白领工作人员,已成为经济傀儡谁跳舞的自动化机器和官僚管理的调整。
工人和雇员渴望不仅是因为他们可能会发现自己的工作了,他们急于还因为他们无法获得任何利益在生活中真正满意。他们的生活和没有真正面临的情感和理智的独立和生产人类人类生存的基本现实死亡。
高端的人的社会地位也同样紧张。他们的生活不低于空比其下属的。他们更不安全,在某些方面。他们是在一个竞争激烈的比赛。为了晋升或落后不是
薪水问题,而是事,更是一种自我尊重。当他们第一份工作,往往会测试的情报以及对服从和独立的权利的混合物。从那时起,他们就一次又一次考验-由心理学家,对他们测试的是一个大生意,和他们的上司,谁判断他们的行为,社交能力,相处的能力等,这需要不断证明1一样好或超过自己的同胞更好的竞争对手不断产生焦虑和压力,不快乐和疾病的根本原因。
我建议我们应该回到前工业的生产模式或19世纪的“自由企业”资本主义?当然不是。问题是没有解决回到了其中一个已经远超阶段。我建议把一个官僚管理的工业化,其中最大的生产和消费的最终目的成为人文主义工业化,人与他的能力得到充分发展-所有的爱和理性的人-是我们的社会制度的目的社会安排。生产和消费只应该作为手段,为此,应防止由执政的人。
1。所谓“良好的齿轮油的机器”的作者有意呈现的想法,人是_________。
a对社会的必要组成部分,但每个人的作用是微不足道的
b工作同社会其他水乳交融
c在与社会其他比较不重要的一部分,虽然运作良好
D一项卑微的社会组成部分,特别是当工作顺利进行
答案:C
2。在工人的焦虑和雇员的真正原因是________。
甲,他们很可能会失去工作
乙有没有真正的生活满意或利益
c它们与人类生存面临的基本现实
d他们是自己的个性和独立的剥夺
答案:D
3。从通过后,我们可以想像,在生活中真正的幸福属于那些________。a谁是在社会底层
b谁在较高的社会地位
丙证明谁比他们的竞争对手更好
丁谁可以保留远离这个竞争激烈的世界
答案:D
4。为了解决目前的社会问题,提交建议,我们应该_______。
甲诉诸于我们祖先的生产方式
b提供较高的工资给工人和雇员
c使人类充分发展自己的潜能
d采取的基本现实是理所当然的
答案:C
5。作者的态度可能对工业化的最好概括为一个________。
甲批准
乙不满
丙怀疑
深宽容
答案:B
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