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学校常用英语词汇

学校常用英语词汇
学校常用英语词汇

学校常用英语词汇

A

Academic year:组成学年的单位,如:学期、学季等。

Academic advisor:由学校中的教授或职员担任,是学生学业问题的顾问。Accreditation:资格认可。申请学校时应特别注意所申请的学校是否被有关机关认可。Admission:入学许可。

Advanced placement:申请大学时,可经由考试或转学分(transfer credit)而直接进入大一、大二、大三或大四。

Advanced standing:同Advanced placement。

Associate degree:副学士学位。为高中毕业后所上的两年制社区大学(Community College)或两年制学院(Two-year College)所发给的学位。

Audit:旁听。没有学分、考试,但要求费用与正式生相同。

B

Bachelor's degree:学士学位。由四年制大学毕业所取得的学位。

Baccalaureate degree:学士学位。由四年制大学毕业所取得的学位。

Bursar:学校之财务及会计部门。

Bulletin:布告、公告。通常学校课程介绍目录也叫bulletin。

C

Campus:校园,校区

Candidate notification date:学校公布其对学生申请结果决定的日期。

Candidate reply date:回函期限。大部分学校会指定的一个日期,此日之前学生必须通知学校是否要入学。

College catalog:学校介绍目录。

Community college:两年制的社区大学。

Competitiveness:学校的竞争性;越有竞争性的学校申请的困难度越高。

Conditional Admission:即条件式入学;有些学校会给条件不合(通常是英文能力未达标准)的学生条件式许可,待其修完所需之课程始可正式开始修学位。

Cooperative Education Plan:建教合作计划;学生可一边上学一边从事相关工作,或是课程、工作轮流,或是课程、工作同时进行。一般这类计划要花五年取得学士学位。然因移民局之规定,所以外国学生较少有这类机会。

Core Course:是取得大学学位之必修通识科目,只有少数学校无此要求。通常必修科目分三大类:自然、社会、和人文科学,在毕业前每大类需修满一定的学分数,一般多半在大一或大二修这类的课程。

Credit或Credit Hour或unit:学分。

Curriculum vitae或vitae或CV:将自己的学历、研究经验、专业经验等总合起来以有结构的方式呈现出来,和履历表类似。此表等于学术界使用的履历表。

D

Dean:学院院长。

Degree:学位。

Deferred Admission:延迟入学:准许学生在被接受后延迟一定时间入学,例如延后一年。

Dissertation:论文,一般指博士论文。

Distribution Requirement:同Core Course。

Doctorate或Doctoral Degree:博士学位。

Dormitories或Dorm:宿舍。

Double Major:双主修;学生完成两个科目的主修的必修课。

Drop:退选一门课。参考Withdrawal。

Dropout:退学。指一个学生离开学校两年以上而没有拿到学位或没有转学到其他学校。

E

Electives:选修;可选本系或旁系、主修或非主修的课。

Enrollment deposit:订金;有些学校会要求被接受的学生付保证金(不退还)以保留位置。

F

Faculty:全体教授。

Fellowship:奖学金;提供学费,学校生活费给Full-time 学生。

Financial Aid:财力奖助。包括奖学金(发给成绩优良者)、助学金(发给经济有所需者)等,其中含有:1)不需还的奖助金(grant, scholarship);2)贷款(loan),但极少给外国学生;3)校内的工作机会(work study)。每个学校申请奖助金的规定不同,大部分很少给外国学生,尤其是大学部的外国学生。

Flunk:不及格;被当。

Foreign student Advisor:外国学生顾问;各学校中多有此部门,由专业人员给与外国学生学业或私人问题的辅导。

Freshman:新鲜人;指大学一年级的学生。

Full-time student:全时学生。至于要修多少学分以上才算全时学生,视各学校规定而异。

G

GPA(grade point average):即成绩点数与学分的加权平均值。

GPR(grade point ratio):同GPA (grade point average)

Graduate Management Admission Test(GMAT):由GMAC委员会委托美国教育测验服务社(Educational Testing Service,简称ETS)举办的世界性测验,作为美国美国商学研究所的申请入学参考条件之一。大部分的美国商学研究所均会要求GMAT成绩。此测验包含计量(Quantitative)、语文(Verbal)及分析写作(Analytical Writing)二篇,提供学校评估申请者将来在商学研究所的学术表现。

Graduate Records Examination (GRE):由GRE委员会委托美国教育测验服务社(Educational Testing Service,简称ETS)举办的世界性测验,作为美国各大学研究所或研究机构的申请入学参考条件之一。GRE测验分为普通测验(General Test)和学科测验(Subject Tests)两种。普通测验是测量考生语文(Verbal)、计量(Quantitative)、和分析(Analytical)等三种能力,进而反映未来学术成就成功的可能性。

Graduate Study:研究所;得到学士学位后,进入研究所求取硕士、博士学位之课程。Graduate program:研究所课程。

H

High School:高中。

Higher Education:高等教育。

Honors Program:荣誉课程;一个给优秀学生的特殊的学习机会。

I

Independent Study:独立研究;有一些课学生可独立研读,不需上团体课程或小组作业。基本上是学生与一位或数位指导老师,规划研读计划,定期向他们报告进展并在期末交一总报告以评分。

International Student Advisor:见Foreign Student Advisor。

I-20:入学许可证,学生签证的必备文件。

I-94:出入境记录表,在你入境美国时会夹在你的护照中。

I-538:非移民签证学生的延长居留申请书。

Immigration and Naturalization Service:美国移民局,简称INS。

Interdisciplinary:跨领域;指某些课程组合了数个学术学科的知识,例如:生物学与物理学,工程学与商学的组合等。

Internship:短期的实习;通常与学生主修之科目有关,学生通常可得学分。工作可能是全时或半时、校内或校外、有薪水或义务性质。

J

Junior:指大学三年级的学生。

K

K-12:Kindergarten to 12th grade;幼稚园到12年级(约等于我们的高三)。

L

Liberal arts courses:由人文、艺术、社会、自然科学等领域中选出的一些基本课程,作为根本的知识基础。

Leave:休学;学生被准许离校一段时间,再回校修完课业。

M

Maintenance:基本维持费用;在学校中通常指学费之外的花费,包括住宿、书本、衣物、交通等费用。

Matriculation:注册;在大专注册求取学位。

Major:主修。学生所选择专攻的领域。

Master's Degree:硕士学位。

Minor:副攻;相对于主攻科目,学生专攻课程之外的科目。

N

Non-resident:非学校所在州之州民。通常在州立大学中从外州或外国来就读的学生都算是非本州州民,所付的学费也会比州民贵。

Notarization:公证。

O

Open admission:开放式入学。就是不管申请者条件如何都会给他入学许可。

P

Pass/fail grading system:一种以通过/不通过来计分的方式,有的学校全用此系统,有的则

只用于某特别课程或学生。亦有以有学分/无学分来记录的。

Placement test:安置测验;学生到校后的程度考试,如果考的好可直接上较高的课程。Prerequisite:先修课程;要上某些课之前需先具备特定的条件,如会计概论为高等会计的先备条件。

Q

Quarter system:学季制,一学季长度约十二周,通常一学年会分为春、秋、冬三学季外加暑季。

Quiz:课堂上的小考。

R

Resident:在学校所在之州居住至少一年的人,他们在州立大学可付较便宜的州民学费。另外住校生亦称为resident。

Residency requirement:大部分学校规定学生需在校内修数个学期的课程(除独立研究和别校转来的学分外),才能毕业。另一意为要得到州民身份所需居住的年限。

Residence hall:即宿舍。

Rolling admission:先到先审制;以循环方式,入学申请没有一定的截止日期,申请资料随时寄到就随时开始审核。

S

Semester system:学期制,一学期长度约十五到十六周,通常一学年会分为春、秋两学期外加暑期。

Senior:指大学四年级的学生。

Social security number:社会安全号码,简称SSN:最初目的是作为社会安全保险之用,但事实上不管考驾照,买保险或银行开户几乎到处都会用到,有些学校也会拿此号码作为学生证号码(student identification number),其重要性如同我们的身分证字号。外国学生到当地后可至相关机构办理。

Seminar:研讨会;一种小型研讨课程,由教授指导针对某领域或主题做独立研究和课堂讨论。通常是开放给大四或研究所的学生参加。

Sophomore:指大学二年级的学生。

Stipend:每年发给学生的奖助学金。

Syllabus:课程进度;一学期的课程进度,在每学期开始时由教授发给。

T

Test of English as a Foreign Language或TOEFL:也就是一般所称托福测验,为美国大学及研究所用来评量外国学生英文能力之考试。

Thesis:论文,一般指硕士论文。

Term:可指学期或学季。

Transfer student:转学生。以大学部而言,是指已经上了一学期到三年的大学课程,而欲转往另一所大学继续就读的学生。

Tuition:指学费,不包括食宿、书本等费用。

U

Unit:与学分(credit)通用。

Undergraduate study:大学部课程。也就是高中毕业后所上的两年制或四年制的大学课程。Upper-Division courses:通常指大三或大四上的进阶课程。

Upper-Division schools:提供学士学位中后二年课程的学校,但学生需先在别的学校完成前二年的课程。

V

Vocational school:职业学校

W

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Withdrawal:退选某一课程。学生须在规定的时间内正式的通知学校要退选,否则成绩将列入成绩单记录。

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