虚拟语气、倒装
英语虚拟语气
虚拟语气分三种情况来掌握：虚拟条件句。名词性虚拟语气。虚拟语气的其他用语。
一、虚拟条件句：条件句中表虚拟，时态后退是真理
1、条件从句与现在事实不一致如：
If I were you, I would study hard. If it rained, I would not be here now.
2、条件从句与过去事实不一致，如：
If the doctor had come last night, the boy would have saved.
If I had not studied hard, I would have failed in the exam last term.
3、条件从句与将来事实不一致，句型为：虚拟将来有偏方，were to/ should 来帮忙
If it should rain tomorrow, we would stay at home.
If I were to go to the moon one day, I could see it with my own eyes.
If you missed the film to night, you would feel sorry.
注意：If条件句中绝对不可出现“would”。在条件句中如果出现were, had, should可省去if，将主语与这些词倒装，例如：Were/ had/should到句首，条件句中if走
Had the doctor come last night, the boy would have saved.
Were I to go to the moon one day, I would see it with my own eyes.
Should it rain tomorrow, we would stay at home.
二、名词性虚拟语气：虚拟用在名从中，should do 结构要记清；一个坚持insist两命令order, command，三个建议suggest, advise, propose四要求demand, require, ask, desire；
句型：（should）＋动词原形，注意：在这种句子中绝不出现“would”“must”“could”等。如：Mother insisted that John go to bed at 9 o?clock. The suggestion that he be invited was rejected. We suggested that the meeting should not be held.
That is their demand that their wages be increased.
It was required that the crops should be harvested at once.
三、虚拟语气在一些特殊词中的使用或含蓄条件句：
1、wish后的宾语从句：Wish之后有宾从，虚拟时态退一层
I wish I were you. I wish I had visited the white House when I was in the states.
I wish I met you tomorrow at the party.
2、It?s time句型：It?s high time that sb did sth. 此种形式要记清
I t?s time that you went to school. 或It?s time that you should go to school.
3、If only引起的感叹句相当于“How I wish” As if / if only/ would rather ,时态也要退一层
If only he could come! If only I had known the answer!。
4、would rather, as if（though）引导的句子也需使用虚拟，表示过去的情况用过去完成时，表示现在与将来的情况用过去时，如：
I?d rather you posted the letter right away. I?d rather you had returned the book yesterday.
She loves the children as if they were hers. Alan talked about Rome as if he had been there.
5、without, but, but for, otherwise 要不是没有就缺乏，要不然否则就假设
Without you, I would never know him. But that she was afraid, she would have said no.
But for your cooperation, we wouldn?t have done the work so well.
I would be most glad to help you, but I? am busy now.
I would have come to the party yesterday, but I was working.
I am busy now, otherwise I would do you the favor!
Exercise
1. If there were no subjunctive mood, English ___much easier.
A. will be b. would have been C. could have been D. would be
2. The guard at the gate insisted that every body ___the rules.
A. obeys
B. obey
C. will obey
D. would obey
3. “The experiment had failed!”“I suggest you ___again.”
A. try
B. trying
C. will try
D. would try
4. If she had worked harder, she ___.
A. would succeed
B. had succeeded
C. should succeed
D. would have succeeded
5. I wish I ___you yesterday. A. seen B. did see C. had seen D. were to see
6. Without electricity human life ___quite different today.
A. is
B. will be
C. would have be end d. would be
7. I didn?t see your sister at the meeting. If she ___, she would have met my brother.
A. has come
B. did come
C. came
D. had come
8. When a pencil is put in a glass of water . It looks as if it ___.
A. breaks
B. had broken
C. were broken
D. had been broken
9. John went to the hospital alone.
If he ___ me about it, I would have gone with him.
A. should tell
B. tells
C. told
D. had told
10. Has he lived up to his promise, he would have made it to Yale University.
11. Mr. Johnson insisted that the problem worthy of attention ___（讨论）at the meeting.
12. The weather has been very hot and dry.
Yes. If it had rained even a drop, things would be much better now! and my vegetables ___.
A. wouldn?t die
B. didn?t die
C. hadn?t died
D. wouldn?t have died
13. Teachers recommend parents ___ their children under 12 to ride bicycles to school for safety.
A. not allow
B. do not allow
C. mustn?t allow
D. couldn?t allow
14. On my desk is a photo that my father took of ___(him, his, me, mine) when I was a baby.
15.(2011) I ___ through that bitter period without your generous help.
A. couldn?t have gone
B. didn?t go
C. wouldn?t go
D. hadn?t gone
16. Where are the children? The dinner?s going to be completely ruined.
I wish they ___ always late.
A. weren?t
B. hadn?t been
C. wouldn?t be
D. wouldn?t have been
17. We ___ John?s name on the race list yesterday but for his recent injury.
A. will put
B. will have put
C. would put
D. would have put
17. ___ Pity you missed the lecture on nuclear pollution.
___ I ___ it, but I was busy preparing for a job interview.
A. attended
B. had attended
C. would attend
D. would have attended
When it comes to education, the majority of people believe that education is a lifetime study. Many experts point out that physical exercise contributes directly to a person's physical fitness. Proper measures must be taken to limit the number of foreign tourists and the great efforts should be made to protect local environment and history from the harmful effects of international tourism.
Many city residents complain that it is so few buses in their city that they have to spend much more time waiting for a bus, which is usually crowded with a large number of passengers.
英语倒装句
倒装句的类型
1. 完全倒装: 整个谓语移至主语前面叫完全倒装.
Then came Mary and George. Have you any books on that subject?
2. 部分倒装:只把助动词,系动词或情态动词放在主语之前叫部分倒装.
Has he gone to school? Is he your classmate? Can you finish the work in three days? 倒装句的用法
1用在疑问句中注:Who was your geography teacher in Grade One?
Do you have a physiology class on Tuesday afternoon? Why are you so angry with him?
2 用在“There be “结构中
There are different forms of energy. There stands a high building by the river.
3 用在以here , there , now , then 等副词开头的句子中, here and there强调地点,用来引起人们的注意,. 除then 开头的句子用过去时以外,其余均用一般现在时. 主语是代词就不倒装.
Here is a letter for you. There comes the bus. Now comes my turn.
Here you are. There he comes!
4 用在省略了if 的虚拟条件句中(把were, had 或should移至主语前)
Were I ( If I were) in your place, I wouldn?t give it up so early.
Had I ( If I had ) know, I might have joined you in the discussion.
Should you (If you should) be interested, I have a book on the subject you might like to see.
5 用在一些表示祝愿的句子中
Long live the friendship among the Asian peoples and sportsmen! Long live the king!
6 直接引语的全部或一部分放在句首时,引述动词和他的主语有时倒装
“You have made great progress this term.”Said our teacher.
“Mr Crossett,”said my father. “will you permit an old pupil to shake hands with you?”引述动词的主语是代词,或谓语较厂,或引述动词后还带间接宾语时, 一般不用倒装句“What is your opinion?”I said. “My father is a labour hero.”Xiao Wang told me. “Why did you join the Red Army? “Chairman Mao asked me like a school teacher questioning a pupil.
7 用在以so开头,表示谓语所述情况也适用于另一个人或另一事物的肯定句,表示”也一样”. 也这样”. 其句形为”So + be, have ,情态动词或助动词+ 主语”
He saw it , and so did I. They can swim now, so can we.
注: 如只是重复不表示另一个主体,不用倒装句It was hot yesterday. So it was.
8 用在以neither, nor, no more 开头的句子中,表示”---也不这样”其句形为”neither, nor no more + be , have ,情态动词或助动词+ 主语”
The first one wasn’t good and neither was the second.
He doesn’t care much for sweets. No more do I .
为了加强语气而使用的倒装
1 never, hardly, scarcely, not only, nor , seldom, little, rarely, nowhere, by no means, not until, hardly (scarcely)--- when, no sooner---than等否定副词开头的句子中.
Never before have I met him. Hardly did I think it possible.
Not only should we not be afraid of difficulties, but we should try our best to overcome them. Not until midnight did it stop raining. By no means will this method be satisfactory.
No sooner had they got to the plant than they started to work.
2 often, always, once, many a time, now and again, every other day, every two hours 等, 方式状语thus 及程度状语so等; 地点状语in the distance, in front of 等开头的句子中,常用倒装. Often had I intended to speak of it. Many a time has he helped me with my experiment.
So busy is he that he had no time to spare.
3 in, out , down, up, back, over, away, off之类的做状语副词放句首,
In came the teacher and the lesson began. Off went the horses.
Down came the hammer and out flew the sparks. In he came and the lesson began.
4 “Only +状语+部分倒装”
Only when the war was over in 1918 was he able to get happily back to work.
Only in this way can we learn maths well.
不放在句首不倒装, 不是状语是主语不倒装.
The aim was achieved only after a bitter struggle. Only the teachers are allowed to use this room.
5 用在强调表语的句子中
Such was Albert Einstein, a simple man of great achievements.
Great has been our achievements since liberation.
如果主语是代词,而代词又无较长的修饰语修饰时,则仅把表语提前,系动词不提到主语前. Terribly hot it certainly was. A very reliable person he is .
6 用在某些让步状语从句中
Tired as he was, he went on working. Cold as it was, we went out.
Child as she is , she knows a great deal.
历年高考倒装句真题
1. So much of interest _____that most visitors simply run out of time before seeing it all.
A．offers Beijing B．Beijing offers C．does Beijing offer D．Beijing does offer
2. Bill wasn…t happy about the delay of the report by Jason，and _________．
A．I was neither B．neither was I C．I was either D．either was I
3. ______ you eat the correct foods ______ be able to keep fit and stay healthy.
A. Only if；will you
B. Only if；you will
C. Unless；will you
D. Unless；you will
4. It was announced that only when the fire was under control ___ to return to their homes.
A. the residents would be permitted
B. had the residents been permitted
C. would the residents be permitted
D. the residents had been permitted
5. — How was the televised debate last night？— Super！Rarely ____ so much media attention.
A. a debate attracted
B. did a debate attract
C. a debate did attract
D. attracted a debate
6. Little ___ that we were watching his every move，so he seemed to be going his own way in
this business. A. he realized B. be didn…t realize C. didn?t he realize D. did he realize
7. ____ that Marie was able to set up new branches elsewhere.
A. So successful her business was
B. So successful was her business
C. So her business was successful
D. So was her successful business
8. —Did Linda see the traffic accident？—No，no sooner ______ than it happened.
A. had she gone
B. she had gone
C. has she gone
D. she has gone
9. Just in front of our house ___ with a history of 1，000 years.
A. does a tall tree stand
B. stands a tall tree
C. a tall tree is standing
D. a tall tree stands
10. ——It…s burning hot today，isn?t it？——Yes. ________yesterday.
A. So was it
B. So it was
C. So it is
D. So is it
11. So difficult ___ it to work out the problem that I decided to ask Tom for advice.
A. I did find
B. did I find
C. I have found
D. have I found
12. —I reminded you not to forget the appointment. —— .
A. So you did
B. So I do not
C. So did you
D. So do I
13. At the foot of the mountain _______.
A. a village lie
B. lies a village
C. does a village lie
D. lying a village
14. I…ve tried very hard to improve my English. But by no means _____with my progress.
A. the teacher is not satisfied
B. is the teacher not satisfied
C. the teacher is satisfied
D. is the teacher satisfied
15. They have a good knowledge of English but little _______they know about German.
A. have
B. did
C. had
D. do
16. Never before _______ in greater need of modern public transport than it is today.
A. has this city been
B. this city has been
C. was this city
D. this city was
17. ______ about wild plants that they decided to make a trip to Madagascar for further research.
A. so curious the couple was
B. So curious were the couple
C. How curious the couple were
D. The couple was such curious
18. —Father ，you promised！—Well，____ .But it was you who didn…t keep your word first.
A．so was I B．so did I C．so I was D．so I did
19. －I would never come to this restaurant again. The food is terrible！－______.
A. Nor am I
B. Neither would I
C. Same with me
D. So do I
20. ______ snacks and drinks，but they also brought cards for entertainment when they had a
picnic in the forest. A. Not only they brought B. Not only did they bring
C. Not only brought they
D. Not only they did bring
21. Maybe you have been to many countries，but nowhere else______ such a beautiful palace.
A. can you find
B. you could find
C. you can find
D. could you find
22. Of the making of good books there is no end；neither______ any end to their influence on
man…s lives. A. there is B. there are C. is there D. are there
23. The old couple have been married for 40 years and never once ___ with each other.
A. they had quarreled
B. they have quarreled
C. have they quarreled
D. had they quarreled
24. Only when your identity has been checked. ____ . A. you are allowed in
B. you will be allowed in
C. will you allow in
D. will you be allowed in
25. Since you have repaired my TV set，___ is no need for me to buy a new one.
A. it
B. there
C. this
D. that
26. What would have happened________，as far as the river bank？
A. Bob had walked farther
B. if Bob should walk farther
C. had Bob walked farther
D. if Bob walked farther
27. ______can you expect to get a pay rise. A．With hard work
B．Although work hard C．Only with hard work D．Now that he works hard
28. Little _______ about her own safety，though she was in great danger herself.
A. did Rose care
B. Rose did care
C. Rose does care
D. does Rose care
The latest surveys show that quite a few children have unpleasant associations with homework. No invention has received more praise and abuse than Internet.
People seem to fail to take into account the fact that education does not end with graduation. Accept recover recognize result in/ lead to complete according to pay attention to be used to do /doing used to do assume
高中英语语法练习 倒装虚拟语气
-高二基础语法专题 虚拟语气基础练习60题 1. The boy acted ____ he had never lived in Canada before. A. as though B. even if C. as D. since 2. ____ to the doctor right away, he might have been alive. A. If he went B. Were he gone C. Should he have gone D. Had he gone 3. If you were older, I ____ you to go there yesterday. A. will allow B. should allow C. would have allowed D. had allowed 4. The secretary suggested that they ____ the men in at once. A. had brought B. should have brought C. brought D. bring 5. I wish I ____ able to tell him all about it last night. A. was B. were C. had been D. should be 6. If we ____ here ten minutes earlier, we ___ the bus. A. arrived/would catch B. arrived/would have caught C. had arrived/had caught D. had arrived/would have caught 7. If I ____ more time, I would have gone with him. A. had B. had had C. have had D. would have 8. He was very busy yesterday, otherwise he ____ to the meeting. A. would come B. came C. would have come D. had come 9. The Jade Emperor ordered that the Monkey King _____ right away. A. would be arrested B. must be arrested C. be arrested D. had to be arrested 10. Jane’s uncle insisted ____ in this hotel any longer. A. not staying B. not to stay C. that he not stay D. staying not 11. Don’t touch the sleeping tiger. If he woke up, he _____ you. A. would come to B. would come at C. would have come toward D. will come to 12. Without electricity human life _____ quite different today. A. is B. will be C. would have been D. would be 13. How I wish I ____ to repair the watch! I only made it worse. A. had tried B. hadn’t tried C. have tried D. didn’t try 14. He demanded that the laboratory report ___ immediately after the experiment was done. A. was written B. be written C. must be written D. would be written 15. The man insisted that he _____ there. A. should send B. would be sent C. sent D. be sent 16. If he had not gone out in the storm _____. A. he will be alive now B. he would be alive now C. he would have been alive now D. he is alive now 17. If it ___ tomorrow, what would we do? A. rains B. were to rain C. would rain D. rain 18. It is required that you ____ at six. A. will arrive B. arrive C. arrived D. would arrive
虚拟语气 倒装句练习
虚拟语气练习题2（填空） 1.I enjoyed the movie very much. I wish I _______________(enjoy) the book from which it was made. 2.You are late. If you _______________(come) a few minutes earlier, you ______________(meet) him. 3.The two students talked as if they _____________(be) friends for years. 4.It is important that I _____________(be) with Mr. Williams immediately. 5.He looked as if he ______________(be) ill for a long time. 6.If the doctor had come earlier, the poor child would not ____________________there for two hours. 7.I wish that I ____________(go) with you last night. 9.I can’t stand him. He always talks as though he _______________(know) everything. 10.______________ the fog, we should have reached our school. 11.If you had told me in advance, I ______________(meet) him at the airport. 12.Mike can take his car apart and put it back together again. I certainly wish he_____________(teach) me how. 13.I would have told him the answer had it been possible, but I _____________(be) so busy then. 14.He’s working hard for fear that he ________________(fall) behind. 15.If it ______________ (rain) another ten minutes, the game would have been called off. 16.He suggested that they _______________ use a trick instead of fighting. 17.My father did not go to New York; the doctor suggested that he _______________(go) there. 18.I would have gone to the meeting if I _______________(have) time. 20.You look so tired tonight. It is time you __________________(go) to sleep. 21.—Why didn’t you buy a new car?—I would have bought one if I ____________(have) enough money. 23._________ he leave today, he would get there by Friday. 24.His doctor suggested that he _______________(take) a short trip abroad. 25.The Bakers arriv ed last night. If they’d only let us know earlier,we _______________(meet) him at the station. 26.If I ________ (be) you, I ___________________ (pay) more attention to English idioms and phrases. 27.We might have failed if you ________________ (give) us a helping hand. 28.The law requires that everyone ______________(have) his car checked at least once a year. 29.It is strange that he ______________(speak) so. 31.He has just arrived, but he talks as if he ______________(know) all about that. 32.If I _____________(possess) the money, I would have bought a much bigger car. 33.He was very busy yesterday; otherwise, he _________________(come) to the meeting. 34.The librarian insists that John _____________(take) no more books from the library before he returns all the books he has borrowed. 35.I left very early last night, but I wish I ______________(leave) so early. 36.I do not have a job. I would find one but I _____________(have) no time. 37.I wish that you ________________(have) such a b ad headache because I’m sure that you would have enjoyed the concert. 38.He insisted that we all __________(be) in his office at one o’clock. 39.Helen couldn’t go to France after all. That’s too bad. I’m sure she would have enjoyed it if she ___________(go). 40.I must go there earlier. John has suggested that I _______________(go) an hour before the discussion begins. 倒装句练习 1.Not until I began to work ________ I ___________(realize) how much time I had wasted. 2.Only by practising a few hours every day _______ you be able to master the language. 3.If you don't go，neither ____. 4.No sooner ______ I ______ (go) to the station ________ the train left. 5. —— Your father is very strict with you. So ________. He never lets off a single mistake of ours. 6. ______ he __________(leave) today，he would get there by Sunday.
2020年高考英语新题型写作技巧八 强调倒装虚拟语气句型和丰富细节的手段
2020年高考英语写作新题型备考技巧 专题（八）强调倒装虚拟句型+丰富文章细节的手段 特殊句型是英语书面表达中的高级句式，其中强调句和倒装句是较为常见的特殊句型。而虚拟语气也是高中较难掌握的句型之一。它们的准确使用能够彰显考生的英语水平，提高写作档次。 一．重点突出的强调句型 （一）强调句的基本句式结构为：It is/was + 被强调部分+ that/who + 句子其他成分。它可以强调除谓语动词外的其它任何成分，如主语、宾语、状语等。在续写和概写中灵活运用强调句不仅能突出重点、增强表达，更能彰显考生的英语运用能力。 It is just the so-called inconvenience that displays the richness, delicacy and great fascination of Chinese culture with a history of thousands of years. (2019年浙江高考书面表达) 在写作中运用强调句型可以采取以下步骤： 1.在一个写好的句子中找出需要强调的成分，如主语、宾语、状语等； 2.根据句子的时态确定is或was； 3.然后把要强调的成分套进句式里，It is/was + 被强调部分+ that/who + 句子其他成分。 例：We created a harmonious atmosphere with sincerity and faithfulness. 如果我们要强调状语，即with sincerity and faithfulness，在确定好时态was后，把需要强调的部分放在it was后，that后放除强调外的剩余成分便得到： It was with sincerity and faithfulness that we created a harmonious atmosphere. （二）强调句常用句式 1. It is/was + 被强调的部分+ that/who + 句子其它成分 It is on the playground this Friday afternoon that a volleyball game will be held. (2019全国一卷书面 表达) It was because of their help that a disaster was avoided. (2017年浙江高考书面表达) 2. Is/was it + 被强调的部分+ that/who + 句子其它成分 Was it in the park that the children saw the strange green objects? 3.特殊疑问词+ is/was it + 被强调的部分+ 句子其它成分 When was it that you made up your mind to work as a volunteer teacher? 4.It is/was not until that + 句子其它成分
虚拟语气和倒装
Subjunctive mood (1) Nevertheless, should a fight follow, neither creature will be badly hurt, for the loser will save himself by making a gesture of submission. (Line 5) (2) If it had not had this disability it would have undoubtedly stayed in the jungle and hunted for food in the customary way. (Line12) If the human population had not increased so rapidly, people would have had more space and freedom. (Line 23) (3) If the caged lion, for example, were free to wander on the grassy plains of Africa, it would be continually active, ranging over long distances, hunting in family groups. (Line 15) 此三类句子体现了虚拟语气的三种时态变化。 （1）第1句中“should a fight follow”是表示将来情况的虚拟语气，意思为“if a fight should follow”，句中省略了“if”，将“should”提前，构成倒装，表示“万一，一旦”的意思。值得注意的是本句中的主句部分未使用虚拟语气。 (2) 第二部分这两句是与过去事实相反的虚拟语气。这类句子，从句用“had +动词过去分词”，主句用“would/should/could/might + have + 动词过去分词”。 (3) 第3句是与现在事实相反的虚拟语气。从句用“did/were”，主句用“would/should/could/ might + 动词原型”。 虚拟语气专项复习： A．虚拟语气在非真实条件状语从句中的用法 1、表示与现在事实相反的情况： if+主语+过去时+其他+主语+should/would/could/might+do+其他 例：If I were you, I would take an umbrella.如果我是你，我会带把伞。 If I knew his telephone number, I would tell you. 如果我知道他的电话号码，我就会告诉你。 If there were no air or water, there would be no living things on the earth. If I had any money with me, I could lend you some. 如果我带钱了，我就会借给你些。（事实：没带钱）If he studied harder, he might pass the exam.如果他再努力些，就能通过考试了。（事实：学习不用功）2、表示与过去事实相反的情况 if+主语+had done +其他+主语+should/would/could/might+have done+其他 例：If I had got there earlier, I should/could have met her. 如果我早到那儿，我就会见到她。 If he had taken my advice, he would not have made such a mistake. 3、表示对将来情况的主观推测 ①if+主语+did/should/were to do+sth.+主语+should/would/could/might+do+其他 ② if+主语+did/be(were)+sth.+主语+should/would/could/might+do+其他 ③if+主语+should+do+sth.+主语+should/would/could/might+do+其他 例：If he should come here tomorrow, I should/would talk to him. 如果他哪天来这儿的话，我就跟他谈谈。 If there were a heavy snow next Sunday, we would not go skating. If she were to be there next Monday, I would tell her about the matter. 4、有时，虚拟条件句中，结果主句和条件从句的谓语动作不是同时发生时， ①从句的动作与过去事实相反，而主句的动作与现在或现在正在发生的事实不符。 如：If I had worked hard at school, I would be an engineer, too. 如果我在学校学习刻苦的话，我现在也会成为一个工程师了
倒装句,定语从句,虚拟语气练习题解析
倒装句练习 1. So fast_______ that it is difficult for us to imagine its speed. A. light travel B. does light travel C. travels light D. has light travelled 2.That scientist isn’t too happy with the project, and______________. A. so are her supervisors B. either are her supervisors C. neither are her supervisors D. so her supervisors are 3.______ the door than somebody started knocking on it. A. I had closed no sooner B. I had no sooner closed C. No sooner have I closed D. No sooner I closed 4.Is this beautiful? Yes, it is. ________. A. Rarely before have I seen this B. Rarely I have seen this before
C. Rarely have I seen before this D. Rarely have I seen this before 5._____but he also proved himself a good athlete. A. He showed himself not only a good student B. Not only did he show himself a good student C. He showed not only himself a good student D. Not only he showed himself a good student 6.Nowhere else along the coast____ such shallow water so far from land. A. is there B. there is C. it is D. is 7._____did we try to persuade her to give up her plan. A. In failure B. With no result C. In vain D. With no end 8.______I couldn’t lift the box. A. As I might try
虚拟语气及倒装Word版
环球雅思教育学科教师讲义讲义编号： ______________ 副校长/组长签字：签字日期： 【考纲说明】 虚拟语气和倒装的考察一般出现在单选和完成句子中，需要学会应用基本句型。 【知识梳理】 虚拟语气 一、语气 英语中的语气分为三类： 陈述语气（用于陈述句、疑问句、感叹句） 祈使语气（用于祈使句） 虚拟语气（用于条件状语从句、宾语从句等） 二、虚拟语气 如果所说的不是事实，而是一种假设、愿望、建议或是一种实现不了的空想，就用虚拟语气。 三、虚拟语气在非真实条件状语从句中的用法 1、真实条件状语从句与非真实条件状语从句 Eg：If he doesn’t hurry up, he will miss the bus.( 真实条件状语) ：If I were you, I would go at once.（非真实条件状语从句） ：If there was no air, people would die.（非真实条件状语从句） 2、虚拟语气在非真实条件状语从句中的用法及动词形式
①表示与现在事实相反的情况 If I were you, I’d take an umbrella.如果我是你，我会带把伞。 If I had any money with me, I could lend you some.如果我带钱了，我就会借给你些。 ②表示与过去事实相反的情况 Eg：If I had got there earlier, I should/could have met her.如果我早到那儿，我就会见到她。 If he had taken my advice, he would not have made such a mistake.如果他听我的劝告的话，就不会犯这样的错误了。（事实：没有听我的话） ③表示对将来情况的主观推测（可能相反或可能性很小） Eg：If he would come here tomorrow, I should/would talk to him.如果他哪天来这儿的话，我就跟他谈谈。（事实：来的可能性很小） If there were a heavy snow next Sunday, we would not go skating.如果下周日下大雪，我们就不能去滑冰了.（事实：不知能否下雪） 四、虚拟语气的其他用法 1、虚拟语气用在wish 后的宾语从句 a、表示与现在事实相反的愿望，谓语动词用过去式 eg: I wish I had your brains.我希望我有你那样的头脑。(事实：我根本比不上你) b、表示过去事实相反的愿望，谓语动词：had+v-ed eg: I wish I had known the truth of the matter.我希望我原来知道这件事的真相。 c、表示将来难以实现的愿望, 谓语动词：should/would + 动词原形. eg: I wish I should have a chance again.很难再有这样的机会了。（ 2、虚拟语气用在suggest(建议)、insist(坚持)、demand(要求)、order(命令)等动词后的宾语从句中，从句的谓语动词都用：“should + 动词原形”或只用“动词原形”。 如 He suggested/ insisted/ordered/demandthat we (should) take the teacher’s advice. 倒装 一．倒装句之全部倒装 全部倒装是只将句子中的谓语动词全部置于主语之前。此结构通常只用与一般现在时和一般过去时。常见的结构有： 1) here, there, now, then, thus等副词置于句首, 谓语动词常用be, come, go, lie, run。 There goes the bell. Then came the chairman. Here is your letter. 2) 表示运动方向的副词或地点状语置于句首，谓语表示运动的动词。 Out rushed a missile from under the bomber. Ahead sat an old woman. 注意：上述全部倒装的句型结构的主语必须是名词，如果主语是人称代词则不能完全倒装。 Here he comes. Away they went. 二．倒装句之部分倒装
虚拟语气和倒装句笔记
语法 一、虚拟语气 Ⅰ.suggest；require； order； recommand； insist sb.suggest that …（should）do His suggestion is that… What do you think of his suggestion that 注：suggest,insist表明、暗示 He insisted that he hadn’t made a mistake. Ⅱ.wish 1)对现在的虚拟，用一般现在时 How I wish I were you ! 2)对过去虚拟，用过去完成时 How I wish I had followed your advice. 3)对将来虚拟 could+v.原形 How I wish /If only I could fly in the sky Ⅲ.It is (high)time that…should (should 不可省) It is necessary that… I would rather that… Ⅳ.隐含虚拟 But ;but for ;without ;otherwise without后一般+n. Eg:I could have come to school on time,(but I got up late).=I got up late otherwise. Ⅴ.虚拟条件句 If it didn’t rain tomorrow If it shouldn’t(只能用should) rain tomorrow. If it weren’t to rain tomorrow Were it not to rain tomorrow…/Should it not to… Were I you,… 从句都往过去推一个时态 Ⅵ.时间错纵 If she hadn’t stayed up all night studying,She would feel energetic now .
虚拟语气及倒装
虚拟语气 一、基础巩固 虚拟语气基本形式 1. 2. 3. 4. It's high time that
5. 用于should类型虚拟语气的动词： 建议_____________________ 命令_____________________ 要求_____________________ 坚持_____________________ 6．有时虚拟语气是通过上下文的语义表示出来的： He would have given you more help, but he was very busy. (If he had not been so busy…) He was seriously ill, otherwise he would have come to our meeting. (otherwise = If he had not been seriously ill) 二、单项选择 1. We demanded that we _______ of any change in the plan. A. informed B. would be informed C. be informed D. had been informed 2. It’s necessary that he _______ a recognized qualification. A. has B. have C. had D. having 3. It's high time we ______ our attention to this problem.
A. turned B. turn C. had turned D. would turn 4. If only you __________ him what I said! Everything would have been all right. A. didn't told B. hadn't told C. would not tell D. would have not told 5. He must have had an accident, or he_______ here then. A. would have been B. had been C. should have been D. could be 6. Much labour would have been saved if the electronic computers_______ before. A. had invented B. were invented C. should have been invented D. had been invented 7. _______ cease advertising, prices would be significantly reduced. A. Were they to B. Could they C. If they D. Would they 8. Five minutes earlier, and we ________ the last bus. A. had caught B. should have caught C. could have caught D. caught
虚拟语气与倒装句
语法系列复习专题十-----虚拟语气、倒装句型 虚拟语气 虚拟语气是通过特殊的谓语动词形式来表达的愿望、假设、怀疑、猜测或建议等语气，它不表示客观存在。 一、虚拟语气在单句中的用法 常用来表示祝愿、采用固定的倒装句式。例如： Long live the People s Republic of China!中华人民共和国万岁！ be happy! 快乐！ have a good time! 玩得愉快！ May you 祝你 succeed! 成功！ make progress! 进步！ 二、虚拟语气在复合句中的用法： 1．在非真实性条件句和主句中的用法 条件从句主句 一般过去时（be多用于were）would/should/could/might＋动词原形 如果我是你，我会接受邀请的。 If I had time,I would go there. 如果我有空，我就去那儿。 条件从句主句 过去完成时would/should/could/might＋have done 如果你早点来，你就不会错过那辆公共汽车了。 If he had seen you yesterday,he would have returned your book. 如果他昨天见到了你，他就会还你的书的。 条件从句主句 一般过去时（be多用were） would/should/could/might＋动词原形 should do,were to do put off.万一明天下雨，运动会就推迟。（事实上明天下雨的可能性不大。） If you dropped/should drop/were to drop the glass,it would break. 万一杯子掉下来会打碎的。 4）i f的省略 如果条件句中有were,had,should 等助动词，可将if省略，而把were,had或should 置于句首,来表达以if引导的条件句的相同意思。 例如：Should it rain/were it to rain tomorrow,the sports meet would be put off./Had he seen you yesterday,he would have returned your book. 5)条件句或主句的省略 当有上下文或上下句中的语言环境暗示的时候，表示虚拟语气的从句或主句往往可以省略，以避免重复。 例如：——Why didn t you attend the party yesterday? ——I would/should have,but I was too busy then. I was surprised that you didn t like this job.You could have done it better.（后面省略了if you had liked it.） 6)混合时间条件句和主句 条件句和主句的动作发生的时间有先后之差，应按各自动作时间搭配好相应的结构形式。 例如：If the teacher hadn t been ill yesterday,who could give us a lecture now?/If you had
be型虚拟语气及倒装
be-型虚拟式的主要用法如下。 用于表示命令、决定、建议等词语之后的that-分句中 be-型虚拟式的这一用法又有以下三种情况: a)用在decide, decree, demand, insist,moveorder,prefer,propose,recommend,request,require,suggest,vote等动词之后的that分句中。例如: He ordered that all the books be sent at once、 We propose that somebody neutral take the chair(担任主席)。 She insisted that she go to the south for her holiday、 Congress has decided /voted/ decreed that the present law be maintained、 The doctor insisted that he not eat meat、 b)用在decision, decree, demand, Instruction, order, requirement, resolution等名词之后的that-分句中。例如: The board(理事会) has given instructions that the agent fly to Boston、 We were faced with the demand that this tax be abolished、 Your advice that she wait till next week is reasonable、 Their decision was that the school remain closed、 His order that the troops not be sent at once was carried out、 在这一用法中be-型虚拟式能与“should +不定式”交替使用,也能与不定式被动语态交替使用。例如: He ordered that the books be sent at once、 =He ordered that books should be sent at once、 =He ordered the books to be sent at once、 It is important that she be placed in an appropriate job、 =It is important that she should be placed in an appropriate job、 =It is important for her to be placed in an appropriate job、 be-型虚拟式能用于由if, though, whatever, lest, so long as等引导的分句中表示推测、让步、防备等含义。例如: If he be found guilty, John shall have the tight of appeal、 If the rumour be true, everything is possible、 Though everyone desert you, I will not Whatever be his defense, we cannot tolerate this disloyalty、 So long as a volume hold together, I am not disturbed as to its outer appearance、 Whether she be right or wrong, she will have my unswerving support、 Quietly we sat on the river bank lest the fish swim away、 上述用法现在只限于正式书面语体,在非正式语体中通常用动词陈述式或者用should/may+不定式。例如: If the rumour is true, everything is possible、 He hid himself in the bush lest he should be seen、 Whatever his defense may be, we can\'t tolerate this disloyalty、 用于某些公式化的语句中 be-型虚拟式用于某些公式化语句中可表示祝愿、诅咒、禁止等意义。例如: Long live the People\'s Republic of China! God bless you! Heaven forbid!(天理不容) Devil take him!(混蛋) So be it、(但愿如此/就这样吧。) Suffice it to say that、、、(只需说……就够了。) Far be it from me to(我极不愿) spoil the fun、
虚拟语气和倒装句讲解
一、主句和从句 主句是句子的主干，是句子表达的主要意思，从句的意义从属于主句。 如：麻雀虽小，五脏俱全。这句话要说明的主要意思是麻雀五脏俱全，后一句是句子的主句，前面是从句。 二：关于虚拟语气 第一节：宾语从句(Subordinate Clasue)中的虚拟语气 一、在动词wish后的宾语从句中的虚拟语气 在动词wish后的宾语从句中的虚拟语气，常省去宾语从句的引导词that。 一）、对现在情况的虚拟（与现在的事实相反）： 从句用过去式或过去进行式(时间上是同时的)。其句子结构为：宾语从句的谓语be和were(was)，实义动词用过去式。例： 1. I wish (that可省略,下同)I knew the answer to the question.(wish, 动词过去式knew)我希望知道这个答案。(事实上是不知道) 2. I wish it were spring in my hometown all the year around.(wish, were)但愿我的家乡四季如春。(事实上不可能) 3. I wish I were a bird.(wish, were)但愿我是只小鸟。(事实上不可能) 4. When she was at the party,she wished she were at home.(wished,过去虚拟动词were)(事实上并不在家) 5. Now that he is in China, he wishes he understood Chinese.(wishes,过去虚拟动词understood) 现在他在中国，他希望能懂得中文。(事实上并不懂) 6. When we begin the trip, they will wish they were with us.(will wish,过去虚拟动词were)(事实上并不和我们在一起) 二）、对过去情况的虚拟（和过去的事实相反）： 用wish表示对过去事情的遗憾。其句子结构为：宾语从句的谓语用过去完成时，或would, could, might+现在完成时。例： 1. I wish (that可省略，下同)I hadn't wasted so much time. 我后悔不该浪费这么多时间。(事实上已浪费了) 2. He wishes he hadn't lost the chance. 他真希望没有失去机会。(其实已失去) 3. We wished he had spoken to us. (wished，had + spoken)(事实上他并没同我们讲) 4. I wish you had called earlier. (wish, had + called)(事实上已迟了) 5. They will wish they had listened to us sooner. (will wish,had + listened)(事实上并不如此) 例题分析：I wish I ______ longer this morning, but I had to get up and come to class. A. could have slept B. slept C. might have slept D. have slept 动词wish后面接从句，表达不可能实现或与事实相反的情况时，谓语动词要用虚拟语气，即用过去式（表示现在发生的动作）或过去完成式（表示过去发生的动作）。本题后半句谓语动词have用的是过去时had