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初二英语上册(人教新目标)Unit_2_How_often_do_you_exercise_知识点总结

初二英语上册(人教新目标)Unit_2_How_often_do_you_exercise_知识点总结
初二英语上册(人教新目标)Unit_2_How_often_do_you_exercise_知识点总结

初二英语上册(人教新目标)Unit 2 How often do you exercise?

知识点总结

一、重点词汇

housework

·原文再现

help with housework

帮忙做家务

·基本用法

n. housework 家务事,是不可数名词,do housework 相当于do chores。

She often helps her parents do housework.

她经常帮助父母做家务。

·知识拓展---相关单词

homework n. 家庭作业

do one's homework 做家庭作业

He usually does his homework at 6:00 o'clock every day.

他每天六点做作业。

频度副词

·基本用法

always, usually, often, sometimes, hardly ever, never 是一组表示频率的副词,用法如下表:

规律总结:

1. 这些副词在句子中的位置基本相同,一般放在助动词、be动词或情态动词之后,行为动词之前。

2. hardly和never均为否定副词,有二者的句子不需再加no或not构成否定,因其本身就是否定句。

3. 就这些表示拼读的副词提问时,常用how often。

·知识拓展---词义辨析

hard/hardly

1. hard可充当形容词和副词两种角色。

(1)用作形容词有“硬的”,“困难的、艰难的”的意思。其中用作“难的”讲时,在口语中与difficult通用。

The problem is too hard, I can't work it out.

这个问题太难了,我算不出来。

(2)用作副词,意为“努力地、刻苦地”,“猛烈地”,hard用作“猛烈地”讲时,同heavily相同。

He works hard only before exams.

他只在考试前努力学习。

It is raining hard outside. You can't go out.

外面正下着大雨。你不能出去。

2. hardly只用作副词,意思是“几乎不”、“仅仅”、“才”,表示否定概念,常和any连用。hardly any相当于

almost no(not)。hardly是具有否定意味的词,

它不能再与其它否定词一起连用,在由它构成的反意疑问句中,尾句的疑问式须用肯定式。

Hardly anybody(Almost nobody) came to the meeting.

几乎没有人来开会。

once

·原文再现

once a week/twice a week

每周一次/两次

·基本用法

adv. once 一次,两次为twice,三次或三次以上通常用“基数词+times”表示,time 在这里是可数名词,

意为“次数”,复数形式直接加“s”,如:“六次”six times,“十次”ten times。

·知识拓展---其他用法

1. once 作时间副词,once upon a time“从前”,多用在过去时中;介词短语at once 意为“立刻、马上”。

2. 用于状语从句中,表示“一旦……”。如:

Once the sun had set, the air turned cold.

太阳一落,空气就变冷了。

3. 就“次/倍数”名词提问用how many times, 就“次数+a+week/month等”提问用how often。

4. twice以及“基数词+times”还表示倍数,即“两倍或几倍”。watch

·原文再现

He usually watches TV.

他通常看电视。

·基本用法

vt. watch 观看;注视(过去式: watched过去分词:watched 现在分词:watching 第三人称单数:watches)

watch TV “看电视”。

They spent a great deal of time watching television.

他们很多时间都看电视了。

·知识拓展---词义辨析

look/watch/read/see

see 看见,表结果

look看,表动作,不及物动词,后面需加介词at才可能跟宾语。

watch 看(比赛,电视)

read 看书,报,表示阅读

full

·原文再现

Hmm…next week is quite full for me, Jack.

嗯……杰克下周我的时间排得非常满。

·基本用法

adj. full 满的;充满的;充分的,充足的,完全的

The glass is full.

杯子满了。

full-time job

全职工作

·知识拓展

相关短语

be full of… “充满的,富有的”

The room is full of people. We can't go in.

房子里满是人,我们进不去。

反义词

empty “空的”

词义辨析:fill/full

1. fill为及物动词,表“使……满”,常与介词with搭配,表达“被……充满”时用be filled with结构。如:

The bottle is filled with water.

这只瓶子装满了水。

He was filled with joy at the news.

听到这个消息,他内心充满了喜悦。

2. full是形容词,多作表语,表示主语所处的状态,常见于be full of结构中。如:

The schoolbag is full of books.

书包里装满了书。

注:be filled with = be full of,但介词with与of 不能混淆。如:

The room is full of people. = The room is filled with people. maybe

·原文再现

I go to the movies maybe once a month.

我可能一个月看一次电影。

·基本用法

adv. maybe 或许,大概,可能,多用于美国英语,相当于perhaps(多用于英国)。如:

Maybe you are right.

可能你是对的。

·知识拓展---词义辨析

maybe/may be

may be “也许是”“可能是”may是情态动词,与be一起作谓语。而maybe是副词,意为“也许”“可能”

用作状语。

Maybe you put it there.

也许你把它放在那里了。

But I’m afraid I may be a little late.

但我担心我可能晚了一点。

at least

·原文再现

He plays at least twice a week.

他一周至少踢两次足球。

·基本用法

at least 副词短语,“至少,起码,反正”。如:

You may at least be polite.

你至少也该客气些。

·知识拓展---反义词

at most “最多” There are at most twenty people in the classroom.

教室里最多20人。

not...at all

·原文再现

And twenty percent do not exercise at all!

还有20%的根本不锻炼!

·基本用法

not … at all“一点儿也不,根本不,完全不”,用在强调否定的陈述句。

My parents were not at all pleased with my exam results.

父母亲对我的考试一点儿也不满意。

·知识拓展

not at all还可表示“别客气,不用谢,没什么”,用于答谢的礼貌用语。

—Thank you for all your help. 谢谢你的帮助。

—Not at all. 别客气。

although

·原文再现

Although many students like to watch sports, …

虽然许多学生喜欢看体育,……

·基本用法

conj. although 虽然,尽管,引导让步状语从句,相当于though。在句中although与but不能同时使用,

二者只能用其中一个,并且用作句子的不同位置,即although A句,B句=A句,but B句。although可

以与still,yet连用。如:

Although he is old, he is still healthy. (He is old, but he is still healthy.)

他尽管年龄大了,但还很健康。

建议:搜索题目时,在关键词中输入although。

through

·原文再现

…but we think the best way to relax is through exercise.……但我们认为最好的休闲方式是锻炼。

·基本用法

prep. through 凭借,通过

I heard of it through Mr. Cook.

我是从库克先生那里听到的。

·知识拓展--词义辨析

across/along/over/through/past

这些词均有“横过、穿过”之意。

across 指“从……的一边到另一边”,强调横过,多与动态动词连用。

along 指沿着一条直线在水平方向上运动。一般表动态,有时也与静态动词连用。

over 常和动态动词连用,指“从……上面越过”或“横越”;表静态时,指“在彼处”。

through 侧重从一端穿到另一端。

past (时间、数量等)过;通过,经过;(范围、程度、能力等)超过

She walked across the floor and lay down on the bed.

她走过地板躺在了床上。

Pedro walked along the street alone.

佩德罗独自一人沿着这条街走。The plane is flying over the bridge.

飞机正在从桥上飞过。The car slushed through the village.

汽车在泥泞中穿过了村庄。The boys walked past our house.

孩子们走过我们的房子。

Some of his poems are past comprehension.

他的某些诗作无法理解。

such as

·原文再现

Exercise such as playing sports is fun.

锻炼,譬如参加体育活动,是有趣的。

·基本用法

such as表示“像,例如,譬如”

I know many of them, such as John, Peter, and Tom.

我认识他们当中的很多人,例如约翰、彼得和汤姆。

·知识拓展---词义辨析

such as/such…as…

1. such as是短语连词,意为"诸如","例如",引出的是such 前面的词的同位语。

John likes to make furniture, such as chairs and tables. 约翰喜欢做家具,如桌子和椅子之类。

2. such…as…意为"像……那样的","如……之类的"。such 之后可跟可数名词,也可跟不可数名词。

名词前还可以加其他形容词作修饰语。

I want to buy such books as are about science and technology.

我想买有关科技方面的书。

Don't read such books as you can't understand.

不要读你看不懂的书。

together

·原文再现

… and you can spend time with you r friends and family as you play together.

……当你们一起运动时,你可以和你的朋友或家人共度时光。

·基本用法

adv. together 在一起,共同,同时,多位于句末。如:They sat together. 他们坐在一起。

·知识拓展

词义辨析 together & with

二者均有“一起,一块”的意思,但together是副词,在句中作状语。而with是介词,表示伴随,其后接

名词或代词。如:

I’ll go with you.

我和你一起去。

You can come together.

你们可以一起来。

相关短语

get together 集合,聚会,联欢

all together 一起,总共

together with 和,连同

die

·原文再现

And remember, “Old habits die hard.”

别忘了:“坏习惯难改,但不得不改。”

·基本用法

v. die 死,去世(过去式:died 过去分词:died 现在分词:dying 第三人称单数:dies )

My grandfather died at the age of 88.

我祖父88岁时去世。

·知识拓展---词义辨析

die/dead/death

1. die 是不及物动词,一般指因生病,负伤等原因而死。且是非延续性动词(瞬间动词),不能和表示

一段时间的状语(for+段时间短语;或since……)连用。He was born in 1847 and died in 1913.

他生于1847年,死于1913年。

His grandfather has been dead for two years. = His grandfather died two years ago.

他爷爷去世两年了。

2. dead 是形容词,表状态,可在句中作表语和定语。但不可作谓语。

He is dead, but his name still lives for ever in our hearts.

他虽然死了但他的名字将永远活在我们心中。

3. death是抽象名词,只能在句中作主语或宾语。

The murderer was sentenced to death.

杀人犯被宣判死刑。

however

·原文再现

However, she has some bad habits, too.

然而,她也有一些坏习惯。

·基本用法

adv. however 然而,可是,常用于句中,前后有逗号,有时也用于句首或句末。

I’d like to go with you, however, my hands are full.

我想和你一起去,然而我忙不过来。

·知识拓展---词义辨析

but/however

二者均含“但是,可是,然而,而”之意。

but 口语常用词,语气较强,泛指与前述情况相反。however 表转折关系,语气稍弱于but,连接性也弱一些,因而常作插入语,however后

通常加逗号。

建议:搜索词义辨析的题目时,输入关键词however。more than

·原文再现

…watches TV for more than two hours a day…

……看电视一天超过两小时……

·基本用法

1. more than 表示“超过,多于”,相当于over。

His father is more than / over fifty.

他的爸爸50多岁了。

2. more than表示“不仅”。

She is more than a teacher. She is also a sister.

她不仅是一位老师,还是一个姐姐。

·知识拓展---词义辨析

not more than/no more than

1. no more than 只是;仅仅

I am no more than a visitor.

我只是一个旁观者。

2. not more than 不超过;至多;不比……更……

Please write an essay of not more than 500 words.

请写一篇不多於500字的文章。

建议:搜索词义辨析题目时,可输入关键词no more than, not more than,精确定位。

less than

·原文再现

Less than six.

少于6。

·基本用法

less than“少于,不到”,与more than意思相反。

Five is less than seven.

5比7小。

·知识拓展--词义辨析

no less than/not less than

1. no less than 不少于;多达;正如

There were no less than a thousand people at the meeting.

到会的有一千人之多。(有“到会人多”的含义)

This song is no less popular than that one.

这首歌之受欢迎不亚于那首歌。(有“两首歌都受欢迎”的含义)

2. not less than 至少

There were not less than one thousand people at the meeting.

到会的至少有一千人。(没有“到会人多或人少”的含义)This song is not less popular than that one.

这首歌受欢迎的程度不比那首差。(纯粹比较。不一定有“两首歌都受欢迎”的含义)

建议:搜索词义辨析题目时,可输入关键词no less than, not less than,精确定位。

二、重点句型

由how形成的特殊疑问词

·基本用法

由how形成的特殊疑问词很多,具体提问内容不同,主要有:

1. how often 提问事情发生的频率。

How often do we do this?

我们多长时间做一次这事?

2. how long 提问事情持续时间的长短。

How long have you had it?

你有这个毛病有多久了?

3. how soon 意为“还要多久”,是对从某个基本时间到将来某动作结束或某动作发生这段时间提问,常

用在一般将来时态的句子中。

How soon could you get back to me?

你多快能给我回话呢?

4. how fast 提问多快。

How fast can this car go?

这车能跑多快?

5. how many 提问可数名词的数量多少。

But how many of us achieve all these goals?

但是我们中有多少人实现了所有这些目标呢?

6. how much 提问不可数名词的数量多少以及询问价钱;当询问价格时,后面一定是跟物品而非价格,如How much are the shoes?

How much money do you owe him?

你该他多少钱?

7. how far 提问距离多远。

How far can you chunk a pumpkin?

你能把一个南瓜扔多远呢?

what/how about (doing) sth.

·基本用法

这个句型常用来(询问其他人的情况),意为“...怎么样?”,其后可接名词或动名词形式。

I like playing volleyball. What about you?

我喜欢打排球。你呢?

该句型还可以用于提出建议。

What about going for a walk after dinner?

晚饭后散步怎么样?

She says it’s good for my health.

她说这对我的健康有益。

本句中出现了一个很重要的表达方式:be good for。

·基本用法

be good for “对……有益,对……有好处”,介词for 后接名词或代词。

It's not good for your eyes to read books in the sun.

太阳底下看书对眼睛不好。

·知识拓展

反义词

be bad for “对……有害”

It's bad for the environment to throw rubbish everywhere.

到处扔垃圾对环境不好。

词义辨析:be good(bad) to/be good(bad) for/be good(bad) at 1. be good to意为“对……友好”。

My friend was good to me when I was ill.

我生病的时候,朋友对我很好。

2. be good for意为“对……有好处”.

Eating more vegetables is good for your health.

多吃蔬菜对你的健康有好处。

3. be good at 意为“擅长……”,后接名词、代词或v-ing形式.

I'm good at playing chess.

我擅长下象棋。

4. be bad to 对...态度不好,对… 差劲

He is bad to me.

他对我不友好。

5. be bad for 对…有害处.

Reading in the sun is bad for your eyes.

太阳底下看书对眼睛不好。

6. be bad at 不善于,拙于

She is bad at keeping secrets.

她不善于保守秘密。

It is good to relax by using the Internet or watching game shows, but we think

the best way to relax is through exercise.

上网或观看比赛是放松的好方法,但我们认为最好的方式是做运动。

本句中共出现了3个重要的表达方式,分别是:it is +adj. for sb to do sth,by doing sth以及动词不定式

做定语。

·基本用法

1. “it is +adj. for sb to do sth”表示的是:对于某人来说,做某事是...的,it 为形式主语,真正的主语为

动词不定式。

It is important for us to learn English.

对我们来说,学习英语很重要。

It is hard to finish the work in two days.

两天之内完成工作很难。

2. by doing sth 表示:通过做...,通常指的是做某件事的方式、途径等。

Some of my friends like remembering words by reading aloud.

我的一些朋友喜欢通过大声朗读来记单词。

3. 动词不定式可以做定语,修饰名词或代词,放在所修饰词的后面。

He always has much work to do. He is so busy.

他总有很多工作要做,他太忙了。

Have you seen Jane? I have some questions to ask her.

你见到简了吗?我有些问题问她。

三、重点语法

一般现在时

·定义

一般现在时可以表示:

1. 表示习惯经常的动作

2. 表示客观真理

3. 表示心理活动和感官动作

4. 表示格言警句

5. 表示现在的动作状态

6. 表示解说和故事

·用法

一般现在时的句型结构

1. 肯定结构:主+am/is/are+其他;主+情态动词+动词原形+其他;主+实意动词+其他

2. 否定结构:主+am/is/are+not+其他;主+情态动词+not+动词原形+其他;主+do/does+not+实意动词

原形+其他

3. 一般疑问句结构:Does/Do+主语+实意动词原形+其他?Is/Are+主语+其他?情态动词原形+主语+

动词原形+其他?

肯定回答Yes,sb+be/助/情;否定回答No, sb+be/助/情。

人教版八年级上册英语单词

人教版八年级上册英语单词Unit1 how often 多久一次 exercise v.& n.锻炼skateboard v.踩滑板 hardly adv.几乎不 ever adv.曾,曾经 once adv.一次 twice adv.两次 time n.次,次数 surf v.在…冲浪 Internet n.网络 program n.节目,表演 high school 高中,完全中学result n.结果 active adj.活跃的,积极的 for prep.对于,在…方面 as for 至于,关于 about adv.几乎,大约 junk n.废弃的旧物 junk food 垃圾食品 milk n.牛奶 coffee n.咖啡 chip n.(食物等的)薄片 cola n.可乐 chocolate n.巧克力 drink v.喝,饮 health n.健康,健康状况 how many 多少 interviewer n.采访者 habit n.习惯 try v.试图,设法,努力 of course 当然 look after 照顾,照看lifestyle n.生活方式 grade n.分数,成绩 better adj.& adv.更好的(地)same adj.同样的,相同的 as prep.像…一样 different adj.不同的,有区别的difference n.不同,差异,区别unhealthy adj.不健康的

maybe adv.或许,大概although conj.虽然,即使for prep.达,计 grandpa n.外公,爷爷 a lot of 大量,许多 keep v.保持 must modal v.必须 less adj.更小的,较少的Unit2 中文 matter n.事情,问题 have v.得(病),患(病)cold n.受凉,感冒 have a cold 得了感冒stomachache n.胃痛 sore adj.疼痛的 back n.背,背部 arm n.臂,胳膊 ear n.耳朵 eye n.眼睛 foot n.脚,足 hand n.手 head n.头,头部 leg n.腿,腿部 mouth n.嘴 neck n.脖子,颈部 nose n.鼻子 stomach n.胃 tooth n.牙齿 throat n.喉咙 toothache n.牙痛 fever n.发烧,发热 rest v.休息 honey n.蜂蜜 dentist n.牙医 should modal v.应该headache n.头痛 shouldn't=should not ago adv.以前 so pron.如此,这样 illness n.疾病 advice n.劝告 thirsty adj.渴的

人教版初二上册英语知识点总结归纳

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although conj.虽然,即使for prep.达,计 grandpa n.外公,爷爷 a lot of 大量,许多 keep v.保持 must modal v.必须 less adj.更小的,较少的Unit2 中文 matter n.事情,问题 have v.得(病),患(病)cold n.受凉,感冒 have a cold 得了感冒stomachache n.胃痛 sore adj.疼痛的 back n.背,背部 arm n.臂,胳膊 ear n.耳朵 eye n.眼睛 foot n.脚,足 hand n.手 head n.头,头部 leg n.腿,腿部 mouth n.嘴 neck n.脖子,颈部 nose n.鼻子 stomach n.胃 tooth n.牙齿 throat n.喉咙 toothache n.牙痛 fever n.发烧,发热 rest v.休息 honey n.蜂蜜 dentist n.牙医 should modal v.应该headache n.头痛 shouldn't=should not ago adv.以前 so pron.如此,这样 illness n.疾病 advice n.劝告 thirsty adj.渴的 stress v.加压力于,使紧张

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