科技英语
大学英语四教案
张媛
滁州学院外语系
教材：《科技英语综合教程》，刘爱军、王斌主编，外语教学与研究出版社
参考书目:
1) Wuqiu FAN. Selections on Practical EST Translation. Foreign Language
Publishing House. 2001./范武邱。《实用科技英语翻译讲评》。外文出版社。
2001年。
2) Zhijie FENG. Essentials for EST Translation. China Translation Publishing House.
2000./冯志杰。《汉英科技翻译指要》。中国对外翻译出版公司。2000年。
3) Xianfa HUA. A New Practical Textbook of English-Chinese Translation. Hubei
Education Press. 2001./华先发。新适用英译汉教程。湖北教育出版社。2001年。
4) Chengzhang LIN. An Introduction to English Lexicology. Wuhan University
Press.1996./林承璋。英语词汇学引论。武汉大学出版社。1996年。
教学目的:
本课程是教授数学系学生的一门英语提高课程。以科技英语文体的词汇语篇特征、科技英语翻译的标准、科技英语翻译的常见语法错误、修辞问题和逻辑问题为主要内容，以科技英语翻译理论为指导，在科技英语翻译实践的基础上，集多种教学模式和教学手段为一体的教学体系。本课程的教学目标是培养学生的科技英语的翻译能力，使他们在今后学习和工作中能轻松地胜任科技英语情报收集和翻译工作。
Unit 1 Mathematics
Text A Game Theory 科技英语阅读方法（一）科技英语翻译技巧（一）Text B Digital Signature in Applied Cryptography
Unit 2 Medicine
Text A Making a Little Progress 科技英语阅读方法（二）科技英语翻译技巧（二）Text B Are Antibiotics Killing Us?
Unit 3 Genetics Engineering
Text A Ready or Not? Human ES Cells Head Toward the Clinic
Text B Gene Doping 科技英语阅读方法（三）科技英语翻译技巧（三）Unit 4 Telecommunications
Text A 10 Hottest Telecom Technologies of the Year (I)
科技英语阅读方法（四）科技英语阅读方法（四）
Text B 10 Hottest Telecom Technologies of the Year (II)
Unit 5 Wireless Communications
Text A Your Next Computer
科技英语阅读方法（五）科技英语翻译技巧（五）
Text B Share the Internet Wealth
Unit 6 Computer Science
Text A Get Mean,Go Green
科技英语阅读方法（六）科技英语翻译技巧（六）Text B Conversational Computers
Unit 7 Internet
Text A We Know Where You Are
科技英语阅读方法（七）科技英语翻译技巧（七）Text B Why Skyware Poses Multiple Threats to Security Unit 8 Materials
Text A Dsigning Superhard Materials
科技英语阅读方法（八）科技英语翻译技巧（八）Text B Toxic Potential of Materials at the Nanolevel
Unit 1 Mathematics
I.The Definition of EST (English for Science & Technology)
EST (English for Science & Technology or Technical English or Scientific English) is a special language variety widely used in the fields of science and technology. It’s believed that it first came to being in the 1950s along with the rapid development of science and technology, and it many researchers and scholars began to conduct investigation of this common features of this special genre including reading comprehension, writing and even translation.
II. Reading Techniques for EST
Nominalizaiton(名词化结构)
1.单纯名词化结构：指由一个或多个名词修饰一个中心名词构成的名词化结构。water purification system
该结构的中心名词是system，purification 修饰water，因此该结构相当于a system for the purification of water
2.复合名词化结构：指由一个中心名词和形容词、名词、副词、分词及介词短
语等多个前置或后置修饰语构成。
acute bacterial peritonitis 急性细菌性腹膜炎
3.由动词派生的名词化结构：通常是由实义动词派生的名词搭配介词短语构成，
在句子中充当主语、宾语或介词宾语。
The building of these giant iron and steel works will greatly accelerate the development of the iron and steel industry of our country.
句中的名词化结构the building of these giant iron and steel workds由build的动名词加上介词短语构成，充当句子的主语，其逻辑结构为动宾结构。
III. Translation Techniques for EST
1.将名词化结构译为动词
All substances will permit the passage of some electric current, provided the potential difference is high enough.
这里的名词passage在翻译时要译为动词“通过”。
全句译为：只要有足够的电位差，电流便可通过任何物体。
2. 将名词化结构译为动宾关系
As a small-scale illustration of the artificial modification of physical weather processes, take the frost prevention in an orchard.
划线部分的名词化结构译为“对天气的物理过程进行人工影响”
全句译为：我们可举果园中防霜作为说明对天气的物理过程进行小尺度人工影响的例子。
IV. Text Analysis Game Theory
1.Warm-up questions
a)What are the basic elements of games and what is the goal of the participants in
the game?
b)In order to win in a game, what kind of approach or strategy should be applied?
https://www.wendangku.net/doc/719136769.html,nguage Points
a) The games it studies range from chess to chld rearing and from tennis to takeovers. (para.1)
Paraphrase: The games it (game theory) studies extends from chess to child brnging-up and from tennis to handovers.
takeover: n. the act or an instance of assuming control or management of or responsibility for sth.
b) Game theory was pioneered by Princeton mathematician John von Neumann. (para.2)
pioneer: v. to be a pioneer; to originate (course of action etc., followed later by others) 3.Text Organization
Part One: paras. 1-3
Game theory can be defined as the sciene of strategy which studies both pure conflicts (zero-sum games) and conflicts in cooperative forms.
Part Two: paras. 4-11
There are two distinct types of strategic imterdependence; sequential move game and simultaneous-move game.
Part Three: paras: 12-19
The typical examples of game theory are given as basic principles such as prisoners’dilemma, mixing moves, strategic moves, bargaining, concealing and revealing information.
Part Four: para. 20
The research of game theory has succeeded in illustrating strategies in situations of conflict and cooperation and it will focus on the design of successful strategy in future.
V. Assignments:
a) background knowledge search for each lecture;
b) preview work for each lecture;
c) exercises after each lecture;
d) self-study of Text B and its exercises
Unit 2 Medicine
I. Reading Techniques for EST
Compound Words 复合词
1. 复合词的构成：
a) 名词+名词computer capacity 计算机能力
b) 形容词+名词synchronous orbit 同步轨道
c) 分词+名词combined carbon 结合碳
d) 名词+动名词altitude charging 高空增压
e) 形容词+动名词dynamic programming 动态规划
f) 多词复合名词industrial distribution equipment 工业配电装置
2.复合形容词的构成：
a) 名词/形容词/副词+形容词red-hot 炽热的
b) 形容词/数词+名词high-frequency 高频的
c) 名词/形容词/数词+名词-ed medium-sized 中型的
d) 名词/代词/形容词/副词+分词well-equipped 设备精良的
e) 多词复合形容词out-of-date 过时的
3. 复合动词的构成
a) 动词+介词/连词+动词point-and-click 点击
b) 动词+介词sign-on 登录
c) 形容词+动词mass-produce 成批生产
II. Translation Techniques for EST
1. 意译：通过对原词的仔细推敲和理解，准确地译出其表达的科学概念。
deep space 航天术语：外层空间，而非“深层空间”
2. 音译：根据英语单词的发音译成读音与原词大致相同的中文。
hertz 赫兹（频率单位）
e-mail 伊妹儿—电子邮件
3.意音结合译：在音译之后加上一个表示类别的词，或者把原词的一部分音译，
而另一部分意译。
Kuru 库鲁病
4.直译：在科技文献里，有些词可以直接使用原文，如商标、牌号、型号和表
示特定意义的字母。
IBM system IBM系统
III. Text Analysis Making a Little Progress
1.Warm-up Questions
a)What do you know about medicines or therapies for cancer?
b)Can you give examples of the application of nanotechnology in our daily lives?
https://www.wendangku.net/doc/719136769.html,nguage Points
a)… to bring blood to an old and desperate fight. (para.1)
new blood: n. new member, new comer
b)… as they revert to their original spins.(para. 4)
revert to: to return to a previous state
c) …usher the protons to their original spins. (para. 4)
usher: v. to lead ab. politelyl to some place
eg: The waitress ushered us to our seats reserved.
3.Text Organization
Part One: para.1
The government decided to take an initiative to fight against cancer by means of nanotechnology.
Part Two: para. 2
Nanotechnology holds promise for cancer treatment on account of two main reasons: size and function.
Part Three: paras. 3-8
Two kinds of nanoparticles –nanocrystals of iron oxide and quantum dots—have been used for cancer detection in tests on mice.
Part Four: paras. 9-18
Three kinds of nanoparticles—dendrimers, carbon nanotubes and liposomes—have been used in tests for cancer killing.
Part Five: paras. 19-21
In spite of great progress in cancer nanotechnology, there are still many problems to solve.
IV. Assignments:
a) background knowledge search for each lecture;
b) preview work for each lecture;
c) exercises after each lecture;
d) self-study of Text B and its exercises
Unit 3 Genetic Engineering
I. Reading Techniques for EST
Abbreviation (缩略词)
1. 截短词
cpd (compound) 化合物maths (mathematics) 数学
2. 字母缩略词
AMPS (advanced mobile phone system) 高级移动电话系统
3. 首字母拼音词
NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization) 北大西洋公约组织
II. Translation Techniques for EST
1. Conversion (词的转译)
a) 动词转译成名词
The addition of 2 percent sodium carbonate to boiling water increase the bactericide effect.
Addtion转译成“加入”
全句译成：在沸水中加入2%的碳酸钠会增加杀菌效果。
b) 具体词义转译为抽象词义
the study of the brain is one of the last frontiers of human knowledge and of much more immediate importance than understanding the infinity of space or the mystery of the atom.
划线部分具体含义是“最后的边疆”，译为抽象隐身意义“最新领域”
c) 抽象词义转译为具体词义
The pupil of the eye responds to the changes of light intensity.
respond to，作具体化转译“随…扩大或缩小”
2. Amplification (词的增译)
semi-permanent coupler 半永久性结构
infinite adjustment 将adjustment的含义补充为speed adjustment，译为“无极调速”
3. Omission （词的省译）
Best varieties have good resistance to loading.
最好的品种抗倒伏力强。
III. Text Analysis Ready or Not? Human ES Cells Head Toward the Clinic
1.Warm-up Questions
a)What do you know about human ES cells? Give some examples to show its
application in the medical field.
b)In your opinion, what’s the prospect of cell therapies?
https://www.wendangku.net/doc/719136769.html,nguage Points
a) But several hurdles remain.
Hurdle: n. obstacle or difficulty
b) …pleaded with his colleagues to vote with him.
Plead with: to ask for; to beg
c)But these same traits also increase the risk…
trait: n. characteristic
d) …ending up in the wrong place…
end up: to be in a particular place or state finally
3.Text Organization
Part One: paras.1-6
Although hES cells hold promise for the clinic, they still carry some risks in practice that discourage most groups from clinical trials except one companyy—Geron.
Part Two: paras. 7-12
Keirstead and his colleagues have chosen spinal cord injuries as the first trial and carried out several experiments with the main purpose to indicate that the treatment can be safe.
Part Three: paras. 13-22
Some potential problems may turn up with the clinical trials, such as improper differentiation, tumor formatioon, animal contamination and new mutations in culture. Part Four: paras. 23-26
There is still a long way to go befoere cell therapies come onto the stage.
IV. Assignments:
a) background knowledge search for each lecture;
b) preview work for each lecture;
c) exercises after each lecture;
d) self-study of Text B and its exercises
Unit 4 Telecommunication
I. Reading Techniques for EST
Blending (拼缀词)
1. 前词首部+后词尾部
Chunnel (channel+tunnel) 英吉利海峡隧道（铁路）
2. 前词全部+后词尾部
Copytron (copy+technology) 高科技
3. 前词首部+后词全部
Autocamp (automobile+camp) 汽车宿营地
4.前词首部+后词首部
Biotech (biology+technology) 应用生物学；生物技术
II. Translation Techniques for EST
形容词和副词的比较级
1. 比较级单独使用的译法：译为“较、更、些”
2. 比较级+than的译法
More…than: 可译为“与…相比”，“更”
Less than 可译为“不到”
3. 程度状语+比较级
在比较级前会加上much,far, even, still, a bit, a little, yet, 译为“…得多”，“大大…”
4. more and more ―越来越‖
5. the more…the more “越…越”
III. Text Analysis 10 Hottest Telecom Technologies
1.Warm-up Questions
a) Can you name some of the hot telecom technologies?
b) How do telecom technologies influence our daily life?
https://www.wendangku.net/doc/719136769.html,nguage Points
a) The slightest inkling of a recovery…
inkling: n. a slight hint or indication
eg: Can you give me some inkling of the technological trend
b) …technology development never really went out of vogue…
out of vogue: no llonger popular
c) …broadband has become a commodity service
broadband: n. a wide band of electromagnetic frequencies
3.Text Organization
Part One: paras.1-3
The industry is thinking technology again and it’s time to check out 10 hottest technology picks for the year.
Part Two: paras. 4-8
PacketCable Multimedia sets cable operators’ offering from a basic telephony service from an ILEC .
Part Three: paras. 9-12
Wi-Fi roaming technology allows wireless user to wander from a narrowband cellular network onto a broadband Wi-Fi network without changing handsets.
Part Four: paras. 13-16
Meshed networks proide city-or metro-wide broadband wireless coverage without requiring wired backhals.
Part Five: paras. 17-19
With the advent of hosted BoIP telephonu, users will be able to manege all their calling feature over a web-based interface and gain access to productivity-enhancing applications.
Part Six: paras. 20-23
Active Ethernet is offered as as alternative to PON and it leverages the best of Ethernet and IP.
IV. Assignments:
a) background knowledge search for each lecture;
b) preview work for each lecture;
c) exercises after each lecture;
d) self-study of Text B and its exercises
Unit 5 Wireless Communication
I. Reading Techniques for EST
Derivative （派生词）
Microscope显微镜词根：scope 词根的含义：look
Monoraph 专著词根：graph 词根的含义：written
II. Translation Techniques for EST
Non-finite Verb （非限定动词）
1. 分词：包括现在分词和过去分词。通常分词作主语的定语，以半年采用逆序合译法，放在被修饰词之前。但是如果定语成分太长，则采用顺序分译法，译为单独的词组或分句。
The MEMS part, made by Analog Devices Inc. of Wilmington, Massachusetts, and other firms, is a tiny chunk of silicon suspended in a cavity.
由麻省威明顿市模拟设备公司与其他公司合作制造的MEMS部件是悬挂在凹处的一小块硅。
2. 动名词：应当根据动名词短语在句中充当的成分来确定翻译时它正在汉语中的位置。
Squeezing fullerenes and nanotubes is unlikly to be an inexpensive, practical synthetic route.
句中的动名词短语squeezing fullerenes and nanotubes作主语放在句首。译为：“靠挤压形成富勒烯和纳米碳管绝非一个经济实用的途径。”
3. 不定式：不定式在科技文章中用得很多。可以在句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语等。应根据在句中的成分及上下文确定在汉语中的位置。
Materials to be used for structural purposes are chosen so as to behave elastically in the environmental conditions.
译为：所选择的结构材料在环境中应当能够保持其弹性。
4.分词独立结构。一般采用顺译法，放在句子的后面。
At the same time the waves are fanning out, they are also separating b wavelength, a process known as dispersion.
句中分词独立结构代替同位语从句，作主句的同位语，采用顺译法，放在句子的后面。译为：当这些波向外扩散时，它们也在按波长分开，这一过程叫频散。
III. Text Analysis Your Next Computer
1.Warm-up Questions
a) Do you know anything abou the brief history of mobile phones?
b) Nowadays most college students have got a mobile phone. What do you think about this?
https://www.wendangku.net/doc/719136769.html,nguage Points
a) ...that pops up on his small screen each morning…
pop up: to appear, sometimes unexpectedly
eg: Click here, and a list of files will pop up.
b) …but at 32 he’s too old to indulge his hobby…
indulge: v. to let someone do or have sth. That someone enjoys, esp. sth. That is considered bad for someone
c) AT&T rolled out the first cellulalr network in 1977…
roll out: to produce in large quantities
eg: The factory rolls out 300 boxes of its products every day.
3.Text Organization
Part One: paras.1-3
Now peole spend countless/many hours using their mobile phone’s Internet connection to download, check or send messages.
Part Two: paras. 4-5
There are 1.5 billion cell phones in the world today, more than three times the number of PCs. The emergence of mobile phone around the world has been slow but overwhelmingly momentous.
Part Three: paras. 6-9
As our phones get smarter, smaller and faster and enable users to connect at high speed, it has, in one sense, already turned into the next computer.
Part Four: paras. 10-12
The future mobile phones one day could actually perform many of the functions of PC, like word processing and Web browsing.
Part Five: paras. 13-14
Our cell phones aren’t likely to take the fastest road to its bright future. Innovation in the mobiel industry is full of zigzags and wrong turns, but one day we’ll leave all PCs behind.
IV. Assignments:
a) background knowledge search for each lecture;
b) preview work for each lecture;
c) exercises after each lecture;
d) self-study of Text B and its exercises
Unit 6 Computer Science
I. Reading Techniques for EST
Finding out context clues根据上下文的线索猜测词义
1. 释义线索
2. 近义词、反义词线索
Technology revolutions come in two flavors: jarringly fast and iimperceptibly slow.
文中的fast和slow互为反义词，根据句子结构，可判断出jarringly和imperceptibly 也应互为反义词，jarringly意为“震动地，刺耳地”，imperceptibly意为“不易察觉地”。
3. 同位语线索
They have already gotten goats and mice to produce pieces of MSP-1, a protein displayed on the surface of the malaria parasite.
这句话中对专业词汇MSP-1的含义用同位短语来进行解释，通过理解同位语的意思可以猜测出MSP-1是一种蛋白质。译为：他们已经培育出山羊和老鼠以产生MSP-1的碎片，MSP-1是显示于疟疾寄生虫表面的一种蛋白质。
4. 举例线索：科技英语常用的引导用语：for example、for instance、such as、like、especially等。
II. Translation Techniques for EST
Multiples 倍数的译法
1. 倍数增加的译法
英语中表示倍数增加的表达法有：1）表增加意义的词(by) n times + 或by a factor of n; 2) n times + 表示增加意义的词的比较级
The production of various stereo recorders has been increased four times as against 1977.
各种立体声录音机的产量比1977年增加了三倍。
2. 倍数比较的译法
1）n times + larger than + 被比较对象，译为“其大小为…的n倍”，“比…大n-1倍”
This thermal power plant is four times larger than that one.
这个热电站比那个热电站大三倍。
2）n times + as + 原级+ as + 被比较对象，译为“是…的n倍”
Iron is almost three times as heavy as aluminum. 铁的重量几乎是铝的三倍。
3）n times + that (或表比较方面的词) of + 被比较对象，译为“是…的n倍”This reservoir is four times the size of that one. 这个水库是那个水库的四倍。
3. 倍数减少的译法
1) 表减少意义的词（by）n times + 或by a factor of n;
2) n times +表示减少意义的词的比较级
The automatic assembly line can shorten the assembling period (by) ten times.
自动装配线能够使装配期缩短十分之九。
III. Text Analysis Get Mean, Go Green
1.Warm-up Questions
a) What do you know about the computing power of today’s computers?
b) What are the fundamental computing performance bottlenecks?
https://www.wendangku.net/doc/719136769.html,nguage Points
a) Businesses may not put much stock in recycling, but when it comes to computing power, …
put stock in sth: to have confidence or credence in sth.
Eg: put much/little stock in sb./sth
b)…where existing technology would falter.
falter: v. to poerate or perform unsteadily or with a loss of effectiveness
eg: The automobile engine faltered.
c)…computing performance come at a steep price.
Come at a steep price: to be very expensive; to get with sth. unpleasant happening as a result
eg: Fame comes at a steep price.
3.Text Organization
Part One: paras.1-2
Reversible computing is the key to unlocking the power of tomorrow’s computing platforms.
Part Two: paras. 3-9
Reasons why computing architectural changes are inevitable.
Part Three: paras. 10-13
When reversible computing will be largely adopted depends on their applications. Part Four: paras. 14-17
How reversible computing works.
Part Five: para. 18
Conclusion: It’s time to investigate reversible computing further.
IV. Assignments:
a) background knowledge search for each lecture;
b) preview work for each lecture;
c) exercises after each lecture;
d) self-study of Text B and its exercises
Unit 7 Internet
I. Reading Techniques for EST
Post-attributive （后置定语）
1. 介词短语作后置定语
1) of 表示所属关系，意为“…的”
2）for表示“供…之用的，对…来说的”
3）with表示特征，意为“具有…的，用…的”
2. 分词作后置定语
现在分词和过去分词在句中置于名词后，通常作定语，修饰先行词，仍保持较强的动词含义。
Cryptography also enables Bob to check that the message sent by Alice was not modified by Eve and that the message he receives was really sent by Alice.
密码学知识可以帮助鲍勃核查由爱丽丝发出的信息未经夏娃修改，并且他所获取的信息确实由爱丽丝发出。
3. 形容词及形容词短语作后置定语
A player can use threats and promises to alter other players’ expectations of his future actions, and thereby induce them to take actions favorable to him or deter them from making moves that harm him.
博弈者可以通过恐吓和承诺来改变其他博弈者对他的未来策略预期，从而促使其他博弈者采取对其有利的行为或阻止其他博弈者的破坏性行为。
4. 副词作后置定语
The air outside pressed the side in. 外面的空气将桶壁压得凹进去了。
II. Translation Techniques for EST
Attributive Clause
1. 逆序合译法
In 1952，scientists working with frogs transferred nulei into unfertilized eggs whose own nuclei had been removed.
1952年，科学家们用青蛙做实验，把细胞核移植入已除去细胞核的未受精卵中。
2. 顺序分译法
A doctor cell is fused to the egg b pulses of electricity, which break down the donor cell’s outer membrane and allow the egg to envelope its new nucleus.
供体细胞由电脉冲注入到卵子中。电脉冲刺破供体细胞的外层薄膜，使得卵子能拿包住其新核。
II. Text Analysis We Know Where You Are
1.Warm-up Questions
a) Are you aware of locaiton technologies? If yes, please give your partner a general introduction of these technologies?
b) What do you know about E911?
https://www.wendangku.net/doc/719136769.html,nguage Points
a) With conventional 911, the caller’s location must be provided by the caller…conventional: a. following what has been customary
eg: His opinion are rather narrow and conventional.
b) …country’s valid street addresses.
Valid: a. effective because made or done with correct formalities
Eg: The tourists are prevented from entering a country if they do no have a valid passports.
c) …the dispatcher can send help to a caller’s location even if the caller is incapacitated.
incapacitated: a. incapable of doing things
Eg: An 82-year-old man suffered a series of heart attacks that left him incapacitated, and other medical problems soon developed.
3.Text Organization
Part One: para.1
In the future, location-aware networking will present great opportunities for users and improve the security and effectiveness of Wi-Fi networks.
Part Two: paras. 2-11
It summarizes the demand for location-aware technology due to wider application of V oIP and V oIP over Wi-Fi and E911 legislation and present deployment situation in the U. S..
Part Three: paras. 12-16
It compares different location-aware technologies and summarizes the approaches for Wi-Fi vendors, which are through –current access points, triangulation and RF fingerprinting.
Part Four: paras. 17-22
Location-aware presence will improve Wi-Fi security in a number of ways.
IV. Assignments:
a) background knowledge search for each lecture;
b) preview work for each lecture;
c) exercises after each lecture;
d) self-study of Text B and its exercises
英语单词 科技类
洛基英语雅思写作高频词汇：科技类 1. advanced science 尖端科学 2. scientific invention 科学发明 3. exert a far-reaching impact on…对…产生一种深远的影响 4. double-edged sword 双刃剑 5. earth-shaking changes 翻天覆地的改变 6. pay the way for the future development 为未来的发展铺平道路 7. lay a solid foundation for…为…打下良好的基础 8. energy crisis 能源危机 9. depletion of resources 能源消耗 10. milestone 里程碑 11. sophisticated equipment 尖端设备 12. technical innovation科技创新? 13. expediency权宜之计 14. antithetical与…背道而驰的
15. over-commercialized 过渡商业化的 16. a heated discussion 热烈的讨论 17. exhaust gas 废气 18. disastrous 灾难性的 19. overshadow使…相形见绌 20. compared to/with…与…相比 21. usher in 引领 22. speedy and comfortable 既快捷又舒适 23. opposite forces 负面影响 24. a fatal breakdown 致命故障 25. potential hazards 潜在危险 26. pose a threat to…对…有一种威胁 27. promote relative industries 促进相关产业发展 28. accelerate 加速… 29. means of transportation 交通方式 30. transportation tools 交通工具
科技英语词汇
第八章科技 SECTION I: 英译中 2D (Two dimensional graphics images and animated images) 平面 3D (Three dimensional graphics images and animated images) 三维 3D Rendering 三维渲染 A aerial top dressing [ ] 空中施肥 advanced technology 先进技术 analog electronic technology [ ] 模拟电子技术 animation [ ] n. 动画片 AOL (America Online) 美国在线 Apple Corporation 苹果公司 artificial intelligence (AI) n. 人工智能 [详析] A field of science that has attempted to improve computers by trying to incorporate characteristics of human intelligence, such as the ability to understand natural language and to perform reasoning under certain conditions of uncertainty. artificial life (AL or Alife) n. 人工生命 [详析] New discipline that studies "natural" life by attempting to recreate biological phenomena from scratch within computers and other "artificial" media. Alife complements the traditional analytic approach of traditional biology with a synthetic approach in which, rather than studying biological phenomena by taking apart living organisms to see how they work, one attempts to put together systems that behave like living organisms. ASCII (American Standard Code for Information Interchange computer character set) 美国信息交换标准码
科技英语词汇
科技英语词汇
第八章科技 SECTION I: 英译中 2D (Two dimensional graphics images and animated images) 平面 3D (Three dimensional graphics images and animated images) 三维 3D Rendering 三维渲染 A aerial top dressing [ ] 空中施肥 advanced technology 先进技术
biological phenomena from scratch within computers and other "artificial" media. Alife complements the traditional analytic approach of traditional biology with a synthetic approach in which, rather than studying biological phenomena by taking apart living organisms to see how they work, one attempts to put together systems that behave like living organisms. ASCII (American Standard Code for Information Interchange computer character set) 美国信息交换标准码 ATM (Automatic Teller Machines) 自动柜员机 audio card n. 声卡 audio conference n. 音频会议; 电话会议 B
关于科技的英语名言
关于科技的英语名言 导读：本文是关于关于科技的英语名言的文章，如果觉得很不错，欢迎点评和分享！ 1、在这个科技进步得飞快的世界，你想要活下去，就要不断地学习。 In this world of rapid technological progress, if you want to survive, you must continue to learn. 2、抓科技必须同时抓教育。 Science and technology must be emphasized at the same time as education. 3、科技越发达，人际关系越淡薄，这是社会的进步，还是倒退呢？ The more advanced science and technology, the less interpersonal relationship. Is this social progress or regression? 4、人类毎获得一项科技上的重大成就，人类就会又获得一次惨痛的非自然与自然的灾害和灾难。 Without a major scientific and technological achievement, human beings will get another tragic natural and natural disasters and disasters. 5、真正成功的科技天才在于使人不再有求于他。只有庸才才拼命要让自己显得不可或缺。
The real success of technological genius lies in the fact that people no longer need him. Only mediocrity strives to make itself indispensable. 6、新时代的科技让所有人情世故都像过眼烟云。 The technology of the new era makes all the worldly wisdom look like a cloud of smoke. 7、知识是一宝库，而实践就是开启宝库大门的钥匙。 Knowledge is a treasure house, and practice is the key to open the door of the treasure house. 8、我很不适应，祖国人民一提办事就要提钱，科技是属于全人类的！ I am not suited to it. The people of our motherland have to raise money whenever they do business. Science and technology belong to all mankind. 9、在过去人们面临的危险是变成奴隶，而在将来危险是人类可能变成机器人。 In the past, people faced the danger of becoming slaves, but in the future, the danger is that human beings may become robots. 10、一个尊重商业和科技的社会总是会进步的。 A society that respects business and technology will always progress.
科技类常用词汇和短语
科技类常用词汇和短语 名词和名词短语： Technological advancement \ development 科技进步; Technological innovations 科技创新High-tech facilities \ products 高科技设施\产品; Modern technology 现代科技; Communication technology 通讯科技(如：mass media; mobile phones; the internet) The fast rhythm of life 快节奏的生活方式; Information age 信息时代; Home working \ telecommuting work 在家办公; Distance education 远程教育 The widespread use of the internet 网络的广泛使用; Electric appliances 家电; automation 自动化; mass manufacture 大量生产 动词短语： Give easy access to ….(主语为事物) = Acquire…. (主语为人) 获得… (知识, 信息等) Adapt to + 名词适应… ; Get (be) used to +名词习惯…; Benefit from…从…中受益; Benefit…使…受益 Be beneficial to + 名词对…有益; Enhance study efficiency 提高学习效率; Broaden one’s horizons开阔某人眼界; Enrich one’s knowledge (experience) 丰富某人的知识(阅历); Remove the barrier for…为…消除障碍; Assist sb to do…协助某人做某事; Equip sb with sth 用…武装某人; Put sb into contact with sth 让某人接触某事 Be confronted with…面对…; Put sb at an advantage in terms of…使某人在某方面处于优势Make use of …. 充分利用; Be available to… = be accessible to供….使用 Keep up with 跟上…的步伐; Stay in close contact with…. 保持和….的密切接触 Enhance efficiency (work efficiency; study efficiency; productivity) 提高效率; Accelerate.. 加速 典型考题： 1. Some people believe the range of technology available to individuals today is increasing the gap between poor people and rich people. Others think it is having an opposite effect. What is your opinion? 2.Some people think people have benefited from modern communication technology, other people think some people have not benefited at all, to what extend do you agree or disagree?
科技英语单词
P16 Surface water 地表水 Total solid 总固体 Groundwater 地下水 Scale-forming 结垢 Finished waters 处理后的水 Per-capita usage 人均用量 Color 色度 Turbidity 浊度 Taste 味道 Odor 臭味 Nitrate 硝态氮 Harmful metal ions 有害金属离子Organic chemicals 有机化学物质Pesticide 农药 Chlorinated solvent 氯代溶剂 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency 美国环保局 Hardness 硬度 P17 disposal 处置 Drainage or sewer system 排水或污水系统 Purification or treatment facilities 净化或处理设施effectiveness of treatment processes 处理工艺的有效性Biochemical 生化的Physicochemical 物理化学的Organic and nitrogen loading 有机和氮负荷 Ammonia 氨气 Dissolved oxygen 溶解氧Pollutional load 污染负荷 Stream purification capacity 河流净化容量 Effluent quality or effluent standard 出水质量或出水标准Nitrogen fertilizer 氮肥 Organic chemicals 有机化学物质Municipal wastewater treatment plant (MWTP) 市政污水处理厂 P18 Inorganic chemistry 无机化学Colloidal chemistry 胶体化学Radiochemistry 放射化学Contamination 污染 Cleanup 清理 Analytical chemistry 分析化学Sampling 采样 Separation 分离 Quantification 量化 Leachate 渗滤液 Aquifer 水体 P19 Urban population 城市人口Population density 人口密度combustion 燃烧 Incinerator 焚烧炉 Particulate matter 颗粒物质Visible 可见的 Atmospheric inversion 大气逆温Respiratory tract 呼吸道Photochemical 光化学的Unsaturated hydrocarbon 不饱和烃Automobile exhaust gases 汽车尾气Ozone 臭氧 Formaldehyde 甲醛 Radioactive materials 放射性物质Nuclear power plant 核电厂 Solar energy 太阳能 Biomass 生物质 Ultraviolet radiation 紫外辐射Carbon dioxide 二氧化碳 Methane甲烷 Chlorofluorocarbons 氟利昂Greenhouse gases 温室气体 P23 organic chemistry 有机化学synthesis 合成 liquid 水体中 by-product 副产物 impurities 杂质 organic load 有机负荷formaldehyde 甲醛 methanol 甲醇 vital-force theory 生命力理论ammonium cyanate 氰化胺
2019年东城区中小学生科技英语创意大赛通知(1)
关于举办2019年东城区 中小学生科技英语创意大赛的通知 一、活动目的： 配合北京市中小学素质教育的开展，提高中小学生的科技教育水平，使校外教育与学校教育互为补充、相得益彰；利用英语获取科学知识，培养中小学生利用科学的方法学习和综合运用英语的能力和创新精神、实践能力，使普及与提高相辅相成，以达到提高科学文化素质和创新能力的目的。 二、参赛项目和对象 1、参赛项目为个人赛+团体赛，对象是小学至高中年级的学生。 2、个人赛分三个组，小学五、六年级组、初中一、二年级组、高中一、二年级组。 三、组织办法 学生自愿参加。以学校为单位集体报名。 四、培训方法（略） 五、竞赛办法 竞赛分为初赛和决赛二级比赛； 初赛为个人笔试，闭卷。出题范围为学习资料中的内容。 经初赛选拔，进入决赛的参赛队由2-3人组成一队，由小组成员共同进行创意演讲、表演展示及问答。具体方法见决赛通知。 六、比赛内容 本次比赛以植物为主题，学习资料以电子版的形式发给各校学生。科普知识具有一定的趣味性和综合性。 七、比赛时间： 初赛（小学组、初中组、高中组）：10月18日 决赛（小学组、初中组、高中组）：11月24日 八、晋级比例： 小学组、初中组、高中组：初赛晋级决赛各年级组按初赛成绩选拔参赛队选手。（每个年级组--五六年级、初一二年级、高一二年级，按实际年级人数总合，100人以下的选拔1个队；300人以下的2个队；500人以下的可选拔1-3个队，800人以下的可选拔1-5个队，800人以上的可选拔1-7个队。每队2-3人。） 九、注意事项 1、严格按照比赛规程组织学生参赛。 2、认真填写决赛报名表以及参赛证。 1
高中英语阅读理解科技类三
高中英语阅读理解科技类三 Imagine，one day，getting out of bed in Beijing and being at your office in Shanghai in only a couple of hours，and then，after a full day of work，going back home to Beijing and having dinner there．Sounds unusual，doesn't it But it's not that unrealistic，with the development of China’s high—speed railway system．And that’s not a11． China has an even greater high—speed railway plan—to connect the country with Southeast Asia，and eventually Eastern Europe．China is negotiating to extend its own high·-speed railway network to up to 17 countries in 1 0 to 15 years，eventually reaching London and Singapore． China has proposed three such projects．The first would possibly connect Kunming with Singapore via Vietnam and Malaysia．Another could start in Urumqi and go through Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan，and possibly to Germany．The third would start in the northeast and go north through Russia and then into Western Europe． If China’s plan for the high-speed railway goes forward，people could zip over from London to Beijing in under two days．The new system would still follow China’s high—speed railway standard．And the trains would be able to go 346 kilometers an hour，almost as fast as some airplanes．
科技英语900句
科技英语９００句 一，时间 1. When a wire is broken by bending it back and forth rapidly, some of the work is transformed int o heat and the wire gets hot. 当把导线快速地（通过）来回弯曲折断时，部分功就转换成热，所以导线变热． 2. When the moon changes it position, so do the orientation of the tide-generating forces and the position of the equilibrium tide. 当月亮的位置改变时，引潮力的取向和平衡潮的位置也改变了． 3. The water vapor will chang from its invisible state to condense into visible moisture when the dew point temprature is reched. 当露点温度达到时，水气将从其看不见的状态凝结成可见的水分． 4.When a user requests a set of resources, it must be determined whether the allocation of these resources will leave the system in safe state. 当用户要求一组资源时，必须确定这些资源的分配是否会让系统处于安全状态． 5.As the number of users sharing the segment increases, so does the difficulty of finding an acceptable segment number. 当合同程序段的用户数目增加时，查找可接受的程序段的号码的困难也增加． 6. The aire pressure begins falling accordingly as a typhoon comes near. 随着台风的临近，气压开始下降． 7.While they are waiting in the ready queue, the I/O devices are idle. 当它们在就绪队列中等待时，输入／输出装置则空闲着． 8. At the same time the waves are fanning out, they are also separating by wavelength, a process known as dispersion. 当这些波向外扩散时，它们也在按波长分开，这一过程叫频散． 9.Current starts flowing at the very moment when we close the circuit. 当我们一接通线路，电流马上就开始出现． 10. Meteorlogy entered a period of rapid advance about the time the Bjerknes' cyclone model appeared. 大约在Bjerknes的气旋模型问世前后，气象学进入了一个迅速发展的时期． 11. While in the form of radiation, the energy may travel a tremendous distance before being absorbed or changed back into heat. 当能量以辐射能形式存在时，可以在经过很长距离后，才被吸收或转化为热． 12. When moving over land, a typhoon is gradually decreased in severity. 当台风在陆地上移动时，其猛烈性逐渐减弱． 13. It is only when particles are close enough to exert relatively large forces on one another that they are able to set each other into this type of vibration.
英语单词科技类新
英语单词科技类新 CKBOOD was revised in the early morning of December 17, 2020.
洛基英语雅思写作高频词汇：科技类 1. advanced science 尖端科学 2. scientific invention 科学发明 3. exert a far-reaching impact on…对…产生一种深远的影响 4. double-edged sword 双刃剑 5. earth-shaking changes 翻天覆地的改变 6. pay the way for the future development 为未来的发展铺平道路 7. lay a solid foundation for…为…打下良好的基础 8. energy crisis 能源危机 9. depletion of resources 能源消耗10. milestone 里程碑 11. sophisticated equipment 尖端设备 12. technical innovation科技创新 13. expediency权宜之计 14. antithetical与…背道而驰的 15. over-commercialized 过渡商业化的
16. a heated discussion 热烈的讨论 17. exhaust gas 废气 18. disastrous 灾难性的 19. overshadow使…相形见绌 20. compared to/with…与…相比 21. usher in 引领 22. speedy and comfortable 既快捷又舒适 23. opposite forces 负面影响 24. a fatal breakdown 致命故障 25. potential hazards 潜在危险 26. pose a threat to…对…有一种威胁 27. promote relative industries 促进相关产业发展 28. accelerate 加速…29. means of transportation 交通方式 30. transportation tools 交通工具 31. social status 社会地位32. environmentally-friendly resources 环保的能源33. make people's life easier 使人们生活更方便34. alternative fuel 可替代燃料35. sustainable development 可持续性发展
科技英语的特点
科技英语的特点(1) 什么是科技英语文体? 比较下面两个英语句子： a．The factory turns out 100,000 cars every year． b．The annual output Of the factory is 100,000 cars． 这两句话的意思是一样的，但是用词和语法上有一些不一样。第一个句子用了日常口语中常用的动词短语(phrasal verb)作谓语，用的词汇是初中生都认识的。第二个句子用了系词，构成对事实的客观表达。句子里用的词汇有两个(annual和output)都是日常口语中少用的文语词。如果把这两个句子译成汉语，应该分别翻译成： a．这家工厂每年生产十万辆汽车。 b．该工厂的汽车年产量为十万。 上述两个a句和b句之间的不同表明了a句和b句属于不同的文体。什么是文体呢?文体就是一部分具有共同职业或兴趣的人为了实现一定的交际目的而使用的语言变体。科技文体就是自然科学家和社会技术人员从事专业活动时使用的一种文体。大家所见到的科学著作、学术论文、实验报告、产品说明书等都属于科技文体。科技文体不以语言的艺术美为追求目标，而是讲求逻辑的条理清楚和叙述的准确严密。因此它有自己的语言、词汇和语法特点。当然，科技文体也不是“铁板一块”。粗略来说，可以分成正式科技文体和科普文体，两种都有书面和口语形式。以下将向大家介绍书面的正式英语科技文体(俗称科技英语)的词汇和语法特点。 第一讲英语科技文体的词汇特点 一、大量使用专业术语。科技文章要求概念清楚，避免含糊不清和一词多义，因此使用较多的科技词汇。 科技词汇来源分三类： A．第一类科技词来自英语中的普通词，但赋予了它们新的词义。 例如：Work is the transfer of energy expressed as the product of a force and the distance through which its point of application moves in the direction of the force． 在这句话中，work、energy、product、force都是从普通词汇中借来的物理学术语。work的意思不是‘工作’，而是‘功’；energy的意思不是‘活力’，而是‘能’；product的意思不是‘产品’，而是‘乘积’；force的意思不是‘力量’，而是‘力’。 B．第二类科技词是从希腊或拉丁语中吸收的。 例如：therm 热(希腊语) thesis 论文(希腊语) parameter 参数(拉丁语) radius 半径(拉丁语) 这些希腊语和拉丁语来源的词的复数形式有些仍按原来的形式，如thesis的复数是theses，stratus的复数是strati。但是不少词由于在英语里用得久了，除了保留原来的复数形式，有的也有符合英语习惯的复数形式。例如formula(公式，拉丁语)可以是formulae，也可以是formulas；stratum(层，拉丁语)可以是strata，也可以是stratums。特别有意思的是datum(数据，拉丁语)，它的复数形式是data，但是由于这个字常用复数，所以有些外国人甚至误把它当成单数，又造出了一个所谓的复数形式datas。 C．第三类是新造的词。每当出现新的科学技术现象时，人们都要通过词汇把它表示出来。这就需要构造新的词汇。构成新词主要有以下几种方法：
东城区中小学生科技英语创意大赛
东城区中小学生科技英语创意大赛 团体表演赛活动通知 一、活动目的 为了配合我区学校素质教育的开展，提倡创新精神，普及科普知识，推动学校科技活动的有效发展。培养学生团队协作精神和创新意识，提高学生的交往能力和动手实践能力，为学生提供一个充分展示英语综合应用能力和科技素质的平台，使学生体会到科学实验的乐趣，用英语进行舞台表演展示科技和艺术相结合的魅力。 二、活动内容 以“科普英语短剧”的表演形式阐述学生在生活中运用科学知识进行简单的科学实验过程，演示出实验结果。 三、活动要求 1、根据竞赛内容自主命题，用完整的剧情表演实验过程。 2、表演不超过七分钟。 3、在表演中直观地演示实验结果。 四、竞赛形式 （一）提交“科普英语短剧”剧本及实验报告。 （二）团队舞台表演。 （三）现场对参赛队依据报告内容即兴提问。 五、活动对象 小学三年级至初中三年级的学生。分为小学组和初中组两个组别。 六、组织办法 以学校为单位组成参赛队到区（县）竞办报名。各校上交剧本的数量不限，在剧本评选的基础上选出代表队参加表演赛。每个剧本限作者不超过三人；每个表演参赛队由三至七名选手组成，最少三名，不得超过七名，增加的选手不参评。 在区（县）剧本与表演评选基础上，选拔小学组和初中组各两个优秀队参加市决赛。 七、培训方法 各校安排一至两名教师参加区级培训。 八、时间安排 （一）2008年10月10日(星期五)下午2:00举办教师培训班。
（二）2008年11月14日交剧本（剧本评选）。 （三）2009年4月中旬表演区赛。 （四）2009年6月参加市决赛。 九、奖励办法 (一) 按组别，根据实验演示的创意，科学性、戏剧性和文字水平，评选科普英语短 剧剧本一、二、三等奖。 (二) 按组别，根据参赛队的剧本及表演成绩评选团体一、二、三等奖和团体创意奖。 (三) 按组别和个人的区赛成绩评选个人最佳语言奖、最佳表演奖和最佳潜力奖。 (四) 评选优秀指导教师奖。 (五) 评选校集体优秀组织工作奖和个人优秀组织工作者奖。 十、复赛报名表说明 (一) 各参赛队对复赛现场的设备和音响的要求。 1、设备：桌子、椅子的数量，尺寸大小。 2、音响：VCD机、DVD机、电视机、录音机和多媒体投影等。 (二) 自带设备的说明。 (三) 指导教师的办公室和手机电话以及E-mail地址要求填写完整。 联系人：栾昊颖 联系电话：84121795 传真：84121795 E-mail地址：yangchun11@https://www.wendangku.net/doc/719136769.html, 联系地址：北京市东城区安外大街33号邮编：100011 东城区第二十六届学生科技节活动办公室 二○○八年九月
科技英语词汇
科技英语词汇 数学 absolute value 绝对值 acute angle 锐角 aggregate集合 algebra 代数；代数学 algorithm 算法 analysis 分析 analysis of variance 方差分析analytic function分析函数；解析函数analytic geometry 分析几何 analytic number theory 分析数论angle 角 angular 角的 area 面积 arithmetic 算术 axiomatic set theory 公理集合论calculus of finite difference 有限差演算calculus of variations 变分法 cardinal number 基数 category 范畴 central limit theorem 中心极限定理circle 圆 circular points at infinity 圆点 class field theory 类域论 classical group 典型群 common factor公因数 complex function 复变函数 complex number 复数 cone 圆锥体 congruence 同余 conjugate function 共轭函数constant 常数 convolution 卷积 coordinate system 坐标系 correlation analysis 相关分析 curve 曲线 curve of second degree 二次曲线cylinder 圆柱体 data anlysis 数据分析 decimal 小数 decision analysis 决策分析denominator 分母derivative 导数 determinant 行列式 developable surface 可展曲面differential 微分 differential and integral calculus 微积分学differential calculus 微分学 differential coefficient 导数 differential topology 微分拓扑学dimension 维数 divisibility 整除 elementary function 初等函数elimination method 消元法 ellipse 椭圆 elliptic function 椭圆函数 entropy 熵 equal sign 等号 equation 等式；方程式 error 误差 even number 偶数 extract roots开方；求根 extremum 极值 field 域 figure 图形 finite field 有限域 formula (pl. formulae) 公式 function 函数 functional 泛函数 fuzzy logic 模糊逻辑 game theory 博弈论 generalized inverse matrix 广义逆矩阵geometry 几何学 golden section 黄金分割 harmonic function 调和函数 hyperbola 双曲线 improper integral 广义积分 incenter 内心 indeterminate 不定方程 inequality 不等式 infinitesimal 无穷小 infinity无穷大 integral 积分 integral calculus 积分学 integral equation 积分方程 integration 积分法
科技英语翻译480句
一、时间（1-80） 1. When a wire is broken by bending it back and forth rapidly, some of the work is transformed into heat and the wire gets hot. 当把导线快速地（通过）来回弯曲折断时，部分功就转换成热，所以导线变热． 2. When the moon changes it position, so do the orientation of the tide-generating forces and the position of the equilibrium tide. 当月亮的位置改变时，引潮力的取向和平衡潮的位置也改变了． 3. The water vapor will change from its invisible state to condense into visible moisture when the dew point temperature is reached. 当露点温度达到时，水气将从其看不见的状态凝结成可见的水分． 4.When a user requests a set of resources, it must be determined whether the allocation of these resources will leave the system in safe state. 当用户要求一组资源时，必须确定这些资源的分配是否会让系统处于安全状态． 5.As the number of users sharing the segment increases, so does the difficulty of finding an acceptable segment number. 当合同程序段的用户数目增加时，查找可接受的程序段的号码的困难也增加． 6. The air pressure begins falling accordingly as a typhoon comes near. 随着台风的临近，气压开始下降． 7.While they are waiting in the ready queue, the I/O devices are idle. 当它们在就绪队列中等待时，输入／输出装置则空闲着． 8. At the same time the waves are fanning out, they are also separating by wavelength, a process known as dispersion. 当这些波向外扩散时，它们也在按波长分开，这一过程叫频散． 9.Current stars flowing at the very moment when we close the circuit. 当我们一接通线路，电流马上就开始出现．
科技英语词语大全
2062门课程名称翻译大全（1）[加入书签][发表时间：2003-5-20 13:55:49] 生物物理学 Biophysics 真空冷冻干燥技术 Vacuum Freezing & Drying Technology 16位微机 16 Digit Microcomputer ALGOL语言 ALGOL Language BASIC 语言 BASIC Language BASIC 语言及应用 BASIC Language & Application C 语言 C Language CAD 概论 Introduction to CAD CAD/CAM CAD/CAM COBOL语言 COBOL Language COBOL语言程序设计 COBOL Language Program Designing C与UNIX环境 C Language & Unix Environment C语言与生物医学信息处理 C Language & Biomedical Information Processing dBASE Ⅲ课程设计 C ourse Exercise in dBASE Ⅲ FORTRAN语言 FORTRAN Language IBM-PC/XT Fundamentals of Microcomputer IBM-PC/XT IBM-PC微机原理 Fundamentals of Microcomputer IBM-PC LSI设计基础 Basic of LSI Designing PASCAL大型作业 PASCAL Wide Range Working PASCAL课程设计 Course Exercise in PASCAL X射线与电镜 X-ray & Electric Microscope Z-80汇编语言程序设计 Z-80 Pragramming in Assembly Languages 板壳理论 Plate Theory 板壳力学 Plate Mechanics 半波实验 Semiwave Experiment 半导体变流技术 Semiconductor Converting Technology 半导体材料 Semiconductor Materials 半导体测量 Measurement of Semiconductors 半导体瓷敏元件 Semiconductor Porcelain-Sensitive Elements