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成语的直译与意译(选自上海翻译)

成语的直译与意译(选自上海翻译)
成语的直译与意译(选自上海翻译)

A

●矮子里拔将军直:pick a general from among the dwarfs

意:select someone for lack of a better one;

select from among the mediocre/ run-of-mill

B

●八字还没一撇直:Not even the first stroke of the character “八” has happened.

意:Nothing tangible is in sight.

Things aren’t even starting to take place yet.

There is no sign of anything happening yet.

Things are still up in the air.

●班门弄斧直:Wield the axe before Lu Ban (the ancient master carpenter).

意:display one’s learning or parade one’s skill in the presence of an

expert;

teach one’s grannie how to suck egges;

bring coal to Newcastle

●杯弓蛇影直:mistake the shadow of a bow in the cup for a snake

意:self-created suspicion;

imaginary fears;

be extremely nervous and suspicious

●杯水车薪直:try to put out a carload of burnig firewood with a cup of water

意:a useless attempt;

a drop in the bucket;

utterly inadequate measure

●背水一战直:fight with one’s back to the river or wall

意:fight to win or die;

fight a last-ditch battle;

put up a desperate fight

●冰冻三尺,直:It takes more than one cold day to freeze three feet of ice.

非一日之寒意:The trouble is deep-rooted;

Rome was not built in a day.

●兵来将挡,直:stop an advancing army with troops and onrushing water with earth

水来土掩意:counter move for move;

counter measure for measure

●不以规矩,直:You cannot draw squares and circles without the campass and square.

不成方圆意:Nothing can be accomplished without norms and standards.

C

●草木皆兵直:take every grass and tree as an enemy soldier

意:a state of extreme nervousness, as if surrounded by enemies

●沧海桑田直:Seas change into mulberry fields.

意:Time brings great change to the world.

(饱经沧桑:have experienced many vicissitudes of life)

●赤膊上阵直:go into battle stripped to the waist

意:take personal charge and go it alone despite opposition;

Throw away all disguise and tactics;

come out into the open as a result of desperation or foolhardiness

●此地无银直:The 300 taels of silver are not buried here (a sign put up by the man in the

三百两folk tale over the place where he had hidden the money)

意:A clumsy self-exposing performance or denial;

A guilty person gives himself away by conspicuously protesting his

innocence;

Protest one’s innocence too much.

●吹胡子瞪眼直:froth at the mouth and glare with rage

意:snort and stare in anger;

fume with rage

●唇亡齿寒直:If the lips are gone, the teeth will be exposed.

意:If one of two interdependent things falls, the other is in danger.

●吹毛求疵直:blow upon the hair trying to discover a flaw

意:find fault with;

pick holes in

●寸有所长,直:An inch has its length and a foot sometmes falls short.

尺有所短意:Everybody has his strennths and weaknesses.

D

●打肿脸直:Try to look fat by slapping one’s face till it’s swollen.

充胖子Boast about one’s pink cheek after having been slapped.

意:Do something beyond one’s means in order to look impressive;

try to satisfy one’s vanity when one cannot really afford to do so

●当一天和尚直:go on tolling the bell as long as one remains a monk.

撞一天钟意:do the minimum required or do as little as possible to get by;

do the least that is expected of one;

take a passive attitude towards one’s work

●调虎离山直:lure the tiger out of his mountain or lair

意:tempt or entice somebody into leaving his vantage ground

●叠床架屋直:pile one bed upon another or build one house on top of another

意:needless duplication;

repetition and superfluity

●东方不亮直:When there is dark in the east, it is light in the west;

西方亮,When things are dark in the south, there is still light in the north.

黑了南方

有北方意:There is alsways plenty of room for manoeuvring.

E

F

●放长线直:throw a long line to catch a big fish

钓大鱼意:devise a long-term plan to secure something big

●翻手为云直:produce clouds with one turn of the hand and rain with another

覆手为雨意:wield one’s power capriciously;

be shifty and capricious;

be tricky and deceitful

●放马后炮直:fire belated shots

意:comment on something when it is already over;

fail to give timely advice;

be a Monday morning quarterback

●风声鹤唳直:scared by the moan of the wind and the cry of the cranes, and seeing the

草木皆兵enemy in every bush and tree

意:describing the extreme nervousness of a fleeing army’s suspicion of

danger at the slightest sound

●风调雨顺直:The elements are propitious, the country is prosperous and the people are

国泰民安at peace.

意:favorable climate, prosperity and peace

●风雨同舟直:in the same storm-tossed boat

意:stand together through thick and thin;

share weal and woe;

help each other in distress;

share the same fate with;

cast in one’s lot with

●佛面蛇心直:have a Buddha’s face but a viper’s heart

意:be honey-lipped but evil at heart;

be a malicious hypocrite

●佛要金装直:As Buddha needs a gilt statue, man needs fine clothes.

人要衣装意:Fine feather make fine birds; Fine clothes make the man.

●釜底抽薪直:pull out the burning firewood from under a cauldron

意:take drastic measures to deal with a critical situation;

cut the ground from under somebody’s feet;

tackle the root cause

●赴汤蹈火直:be ready to jump into boiling water and plunge into raging fire

意:go through hell and high water;

be ready to risk one’s life

G

●肝脑涂地直:be ready to dash one’s brains out or scatter one’s innards on the ground

意:be ready to lay down one’s life for a cause;

be willing to repay a favor with extreme sacrifice

●赶鸭子上架直:drive a duck onto a perch

意:make somebody do something entirely beyond him

●隔岸观火直:watch a fire from the other side of a river

意:look on at somebody’s misfortune with indifference;

show no concern for another’s trouble

●狗咬吕洞宾直:snarl and snap at LüDongbin (one of the eight immortals in Chinese

mythology)

意:mistake a good man for a bad one

(狗咬吕洞宾,不识好人心。Like the dog that bit Lü Dongbin, you bite the hand that feeds you.)

●狗嘴里吐不出直:No ivory can come out of a dog’s mouth.

象牙意:A filthy mouth can’t utter decent hanguage;

You can’t expect anything nice from a foul mouth.

●孤掌难鸣直:It is impossible to clap with one hand.

意:It is difficult to achieve without support.

●瓜熟蒂落直:When a melon is ripe, it falls off its stem.

意:Issues will be resolved when conditions are ripe.

H

●海底捞月直:try to fish out the moon from the bottom of the sea

意:strive for the impossible or illusory;

a fruitless effort or futile attempt

●海水不可斗量直:The sea cannot be measured with a bushel.

意:Great minds cannot be fathomed.

●害群之马直:an evil horse that does harm to the herd

意:one who brings disgrace on or constitutes a danger to one’s group;

a black sheep

●寒窗直:cold window

意:hard conditions under which a poor scholar studies

●汗牛充栋直:enough books to make the pack-ox sweat or to fill a house to the rafters

意:immense number of books

●好马不吃直:A spirited horse will not turn back to graze on an old pasture.

回头草意:A true man will not pick up what he has discarded.

●和尚打伞,直:Like a Buddhist monk holding an umbrella, thre is no hair (发, a

无法无天homophone for 法law) nor heaven.

意:defy laws human and divine;

be absolutely lawless;

run wild

●和风细雨直:like a gentle breeze and light rain

意:in a gentle and mild way

●红白喜事直:red and white affairs

意:weddings and funerals

●呼风唤雨直:summon the wind and the rain;

bid wind and rain to come

意:control the forces of nature;

exercise magic powers

●狐狸尾巴直:fox’s tail

意:something that gives away a person’s real character or evil intensions ●虎踞龙盘直:like a coiling dragon and crouching tiger

意:a forbidding strategic point

●虎头蛇尾直:with a tiger’s head but a snake’s tail

意:with a fine start and a poor finish

●画龙点睛直:Bring the painted dragon to life by putting in the pupils of its eyes

意:add the finishing touch;

add a touch that brings a work of art to life;

bring out the crucial point;

add a word or two to clinch the point;

The revelation comes in the last paragraph.

●画饼充饥直:Draw a cake to satisfy one’s hunger.

意:feed on illusions;

console oneself with false hope

●画蛇添足直:Draw a snake with feet added to it.

意:Ruin the effect by adding what is superfluous;

Doing something entirely unnecessary.

●火中取栗直:Pull chestnut out of the fire.

意:to be a cat’s paw for somebody;

use others as your cat’s paw

J

●借花献佛直:Present Buddha with borrowed flowers.

意:Borrow something to make a gift of it.

●金玉其外直:rubbish coated in gold and jade

败絮其中意:Fair without, foul within

K

●靠山吃山,直:Those living on a mountain get their living from the mountain; Those near

靠水吃水the water live off the water.

意:Make full use of resources abundant in the localities.

●刻舟求剑直:Cut a mark on the gunwall of a moving boat to indicate where one’s sword

dropped into the water.

意:Take measures or act without reagard to changing circumstances.

●口蜜腹剑直:honey-mouthed but dagger-hearted;

with honey on one’s lips and murder in one’s heart

意:hypocritical and sinister;

hypocritical and malignant

(这个人口蜜腹剑,十分阴险。He is a sinister and ruthless man with honey on his lips and murder in his heart./ He is an evil man who has a mouth that praises and a hand that kills.)

●苦海无边,直:The sea of bitterness is boundless; repent and the shore is at hand.

回头是岸意:It is never too late to repent and mend one’s ways.

L

●(在我头上) 直:Piss and shit (over my shoulder).

拉屎撒尿意:Do whatever one pleases in a despotic manner (against me);

Ride roughshod over me.

●拉下马直:Pull somebody off the horse.

意:Pull somebody down from a powerful or high position.

●拉下水直:Pull somebody into the water;

Drag somebody into the mire or mud.

意:Get somebody involved in one’s scheme;

make an accomplice of;

corrupt

(被人用金钱美女拉下水Be ensnared and corrupted by money and women.)

●癞蛤蟆想直:Act like a toad lusting after a swan’s flesh.

吃天鹅肉意:crave for something one is not worthy of

N

泥足巨人直:Colossus with clay feet

意:Strong in appearance but weak in nature;

outwardly strong but inwardly weak.

直译和意译的要求

六、直译、意译各有什么要求?如何正确对待直译与意译?直译和意译是翻译的两种最基本的方法,它们有着各自不同的要求。 (1)直译的要求: A.在译文语言条件许可时,首先要保持原文内容,其次要保持原文的形式(特别是保持原文的比喻、形象和民族、地方色彩),最后要保持原文内容通顺。 既要全面准确的阐明原作的含义,又无任何失真,或随意增加删除原作的思想,同时还要保持原有的风格。有时甚至连原来的情绪或情感,比如愤怒或窘迫,挖苦或讽刺,喜悦或幸福都不应该忽视。 B.直译不能是死译或者硬译,有时候需要在句子的某些成分上做出调整和变动。 (2) 意译的要求: A.译文与原文内容保持一致。 B.把忠实于原文内容放在第一位,把通顺的译文形式放在第二位,而不拘泥于原文形式。意译要求从意义出发,只要将原文大意表达出来,不需要过分注重细节,但要求译文自然流畅。在翻译时,如果不能直接采用原作的结构和表达形式,必须根据表达形式和特点改变句子结构和表达方式来转达原作的内涵。要用适当的方式来传达原作的意思和再现原作的效果,在意译过程中,要是语言清晰,有说服力,并且符合语言习惯,遵照所使用语言习俗和正确的用法。 C. 意译绝不是随意翻译,不能不顾原文本意随便翻译,不着边际。 虽然直译与意译各有其不同的要求,但是直译和意译并不是两个相互排斥的翻译方法,它们互相协调、互相渗透,不可分割。在实践过程中,要结合实际情况,正确对待直译与意译。 就如同上文所述,直译在译文中既保持了原文的内容,又保持了原文的形式,但很多时候必须在句子的某些成分上作出一些调整或变动,才能翻译出既“忠实”又“流畅”的“再创作作品”。如果直译行不通或是不理想的话,就要采用意译了。意译包括用词的选择、句子的重新调整、隐含意思的恰当表达等。不同的语言各有其特点和形式,在词汇、语法、惯用法、表达方式等方面有相同之处,也有相异之处。所以,译者在翻译时,需要灵活地使用翻译的方法。 直译和意译都只是在一定条件下所能运用的。直译能传达原文意义,体现原文风格等,但具有一定的局限性,例如译文有时冗长啰嗦,晦涩难懂,有时不能正确传达原文意义,有

4英语翻译技巧-直、音、意译

英语翻译方法:直译与意译 这里所讲翻译方法是指通过英、汉两种语言特点对比,分析其异同,阐述表达原文的一般规律。英、汉语结构有相同一面,汉译时可照译,即所谓“直译”——既忠实原文内容,又符合原文结构形式,能传达原文意义,体现原文风格等。但这两种语言之间还有许多差别,如完全照译,势必出现“英化汉语”,这时就需要“意译”,在忠实原文内容前提下,摆脱原文结构束缚,使译文符合汉语规范。特别要注意是:“直译”不等于“死译”,“意译”也不等于“乱译”。试比较: 1、直译与死译 原文结构与汉语结构是一致,照译即可。但如果原文结构与汉语不一致,仍然采取直译方法,就成“死译”了。如: ①、In some automated plants electronic computers control the entire production line. 在某些自动化工厂,电子计算机控制整个生产线。(直译) ②、The earth acts like a big magnet.地球作用着像一块大磁铁。(死译) ③、Manganese has the same effect on the strength of steel as silicon. 锰有同样影响在强度上像硅。(死译) 例②、例③既不忠实原意,又不符合汉语表达方式。因此,必须运用“词类转换”广成分转换”、“词(语)序调整”等手段使译文通顺。例②、例③应分别译为:“地球作用像一块大磁铁。”…“锰像硅一样会影响钢强度。” 2、意译和乱译 只有在正确理解原文基础上,运用相应翻译方法以调整原文结构,用规范汉语加以表达,这才真正做到“意译”。翻译实践证明,大量英语句子汉译都要采取“意译法”。 如果把“意译”理解为凭主观臆想来理解原文,可以不分析原文结构,只看词面意义,自己编造句子,势必造成“乱译”。如: It is easy to compress a gas,it is just a matter of reducing the space between the molecules. Like a liquid a gas has no shape,but unlike a liquid it will expand and fill any container it is put in.气体是很容易压缩,这正是压缩分子之间距离根据。气体和液体一样没有形状,但又不同于液体,气体膨胀时会充满任何盛放它容器。(乱译) 例句中“乱译”是由主观臆想(不正确选择词义、任意转换成分)造成。在这里,将matter译成“根据”在物理学上是讲不通,因为“压缩气体也就是减少分子之间距离”,两者是一回事。matter应作“事情”、“问题”解。 将will expand任意转换为时间状语,致使不符合原义。will expand and fill应译为“会扩张并充满”。综上所述,原译文可改为“气体很容易压缩,那只不过是缩小分子之间距离而已。气体和液体一样没有形状,但又不同于液体,因为气体会扩张并充满任何盛放它容器。” 就翻译方法而论,总来说,就是“直译法和意译法相结合”,又可细分为“照译”、“词义引伸”、“成分转换”、“句转成分”等译法。 英语翻译训练方法-直译 直译是一种重要的翻译方法,它有不少优点,例如能传达原文意义,体现原文风格等。据估算,大约70%的句子要用直译方法来处理,所以直译广为译者采用,由此可见直译法之重要。但是,直译具有一定的局限性。例如译文有时冗长罗唆,晦涩难懂,有时不能正确传达原文意义,有时甚至事与愿违。所以,如果不顾场合条件,不顾中外两种语言的差异,一味追求直译,就必然闯红灯,进入误区,造成误译。直译之所以有误区,是因为语言的形式与内容,句子的表层结构与深层意义有时不统一;另一方面,中外文化历史背景不同,造成了不同的思维方式和不同的语言表达形式。不少人批评过直译硬译,指出过直译有局限性,但是直译到底有哪些局限性,它都表现在什么地方。英语直译至少有五大误区,明确这些误区,就要在翻译中避免一些错误,就可在直译行不通的地方采用意译。 一、否定句型中的直译误区

直译与意译

直译与意译 既忠于原文意思又保留原文的形式的翻译就叫直译。直译的优点是可以保留原作的风格、原文的比喻形象、民族色彩等,但应注意行文必须规范。 不受原文词语的限制,不拘泥于原文句子的结构,用不同于原文表达方法,把原文意思表达出来,这就是意译。意译的优点是能发挥译语的优势,译文体现译者的创造能力,往往通顺流畅,但容易丧失原文的比喻形象、原作的风格和民族色彩。 (举例说明略) 形合意合与翻译 形合与意合是语言特性,注重形合的语言中,句子的各种成分之间(包括单词、短语、分句)采用关联词直接连接的手段,来标示它们之间的逻辑关系。重形合的语言具有显性连接(overt cohesion)、以形显意的特点,句子结构严谨、完整,但缺乏弹性。英语就是比较注重形合的语言。重意合的语言不用或少用关联词,而靠意义上的衔接、叙述事理的顺序间接显示句子各成分之间的关系,具有隐性连接(covert coherence)、以意役形的特点。句子结构比较松散但富有弹性。汉语就有注重意合的特点。 以英译汉而言,就是把英语的“空间构架”拆散,“颠倒附益”,根据逻辑关系和时间顺序,用“流水句法”,重新组合(其中文字当然有增益和减损);与此同时,“不要把英语中的各种连接手段都照录下来”,而要“在不致造成误解的前提下,将其联接手段由显变隐,让人们思而得之”。 汉译英的基本过程与英译汉相反,是将汉语句子的时间和逻辑序列转换成英语句子的空间构架,其间同样不可“斤斤于字比句次”。具体说来,一是按照英语行文的需要重新分句,二是分析和确定每个句子中的不同成分之间的逻辑关系,三是按照各成分之间的关系重新安排各个句子,使汉语句子的线性序列变成英语句子的空间构架。与此同时,汉语中靠语序间接表示的隐性接应转换为用关联词标示的显性连接。

商务英语翻译练习 - 直译与意译

Translation exercises A.Translate the following sentences into Chinese: 1.I’ve read your articles and I expected to meet an older man. 2.The ship turned just in time, narrowly missing the immense wall of ice which rose over 100 feet out of water beside her. 3.To appease their thirst its readers drank deeper than before, until they were seized with a kind of delirium. 4.For White, to disclose his long-held privacy means to strike the heel of Achilles. 5.In the court action, Alain sprang his trump card by calling a surprise witness. 6.Jefferson believed that the Baghdad Pact had already been reduced to less than a shadow. 7.We in Zambia would like to build a color-blind society where all can have equal opportunities. 8.Every time Robert visits me, one of my books disappears. I’m beginning to smell a rat. 9.We are very sorry to disappoint you, but hope you will understand that stock offers are a touch-and-go kind of things. 10. What sort of force does the sun exert on the planets which causes the planets to move according to the laws which Kepler has discovered. B.Translate the following paragraphs into Chinese In 1776, Adam Smith, a Scottish economist, wrote the wealth of Nations, a book that has had an enormous influence on American economic development. Like many other thinkers, Smith believed that in a capitalist system people are naturally selfish and are moved to engage in manufacturing and trade in order to gain wealth and power. Smith’s originality was to argue that such activity is beneficial because it leads to increased production and sharpens competition. As a result, goods circulate more widely and at lower prices, jobs are created, and wealth is spread. Though people may act from the narrow desire to enrich themselves, Smith argued, “an invisible hand” guides them to enrich and improve all of society. And yet, American industrial development in the 19th century took a toll on working men and women. Factory owners often required them to put in long hours of low wages, provided them with unsafe and unhealthy workplaces, and hired the children of poor families. There was discrimination in hiring: African Americans and members of some immigrant groups were rejected or forced to work under highly unfavorable conditions.

汉译英短文翻译精选

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英语 直译与意译-试讲教案

Good morning,class. In the last period we have learned chapter one-General principles of translation. And we have studied two important points: Definition of translation and the competence of a translator. And I will check you in the next class. As what we have mentioned last period, the process of translation consists of two phases: comprehension and expression. (理解和表达) Generally speaking, comprehension is of foremost importance, and express is the natural consequence of thorough comprehension. However, in the practice of translation, we may find that now and then some words in their usual senses are very difficult to deal with because of the disparity between the English and the Chinese language. In this case, we have to resort to some special means of translation. Literal translation and free translation are two alternative approaches to tackle this problem. So, in this class, we are going to learn translation strategies in 1.4.1, literal translation and free translation. To begin with, what’s literal translation and free translation? Please open your books and turn to page 12. Literal translation Vs. Free translation 1. Literal translation may be defined as having the following characteristics: 1). Literal translation takes sentences as its basic units and the whole text into consideration at the same time in the course of translating. 直译把句子作为基本单位,同时在翻译的过程中也考虑整个文本。 2). Literal translation strives to reproduce both the ideological content and style of the entire literary work and retain as much as possible the figures of speech. 直译是要再现文本的中心内容和原文风格,并且尽可能保留原文的修辞。 2. Free translation may be defined as a supplementary means to mainly convey the meaning and spirit of the original without trying to reproduce its sentence patterns or figures of speech. And it is adopted only when and where really impossible for translators to do literal translation. 意译其实是直译的一种补充的翻译手段。意译就是尽可能传达原文的意思和精髓,

直译与意译的关系

直译与意译的关系 英语和汉语是两种不同的语言。每种语言都有各自独立和分明的系统,在形态和句法方面二者存在很大差异。然而,两种语言之间又存在一些相似性。比如在主谓词序和动宾词序上是一致的。正是由于英汉两种语言既有共同点又有不同点,所以在翻译实践中,我们不能千篇一律地使用一种方法进行翻译。直译和意译是重要的翻译理论和基本的研究主题。直译与意译相互关联、互为补充,同时,它们又互相协调、互相渗透,不可分割。通过对直译与意译二者关系的正确研究,更多地认识了解到什么时候采用直译、什么时候采用意译,在运用直译与意译的时候所应该掌握的技巧、遵循的原则和应该注意的问题,最终达到提高翻译能力及水平的目的。 (一)直译是什么 直译是既保持原文内容、又保持原文形式的翻译方法或翻译文字。 直译出现于五四运动时期,它强调必须忠实于原文,这样,翻译才能实现“达”和“雅”。直译并不是机械地逐字翻译。由于英文和中文有着不同的结构,所以不可能都进行逐字翻译。直译就是既要全面准确地阐明原作的含义,又无任何失真或随意增加或删除原作的思想,同时还要保持原有的风格。有时甚至连原来的情绪或情感,比如愤怒或窘迫,挖苦或讽刺,喜悦或幸福都不应忽视。傅斯年、郑振铎都主张直译。在近现代中国翻译史上,直译是压倒一切的准则。鲁迅和其弟周作人的作品《域外小说集》被视为直译的代表。 直译常常被用来翻译一些术语和成语,有时局限于一些简单句和科技术语翻译。直译可以完全保持原作的风格和民族特色。但直译必须具有可读性,也就是说,译品不会引起读者的误解,并且也不违反表达方式。直译还适用于含有修辞的句子。在某种程度上,直译不仅能保持原作的特点,而且还可使读者逐步接受原作的文学风格。例如:angel“天使”,dark horse “黑马”,software“软件”,cold war“冷战”,等等。事实上,许多英语词汇已经被广泛地应用于汉语中了。同样,许多汉语词汇也被翻译成英语。例如:铁饭碗“the iron rice - bowl”,丢脸“to lose one’s face”,大锅饭“big pot system”,等等。作为一种语言的社会功能,翻译是两种语言转化和文化移植的过程。例如:英语:All the world is a stage.译为:整个世界是个大舞台。汉语:处理人民内部的矛盾必须坚持和风细雨的方法,坚持“团结一批评一团结”的方法。译为:It is essential to persist in using methods as mild as a drizzle and as Gentle as a breeze, and to adhereto the formula of “unity- criticism- unity”in dealing with contradictions among the people.直译有助于我们了解西方文化,同时,也有助于传播我们的民族文化,使西方人了解中国。通过直译,读者更容易了解原作的思想和风格。在翻译过程中,相当多的句子不能采用直译来翻译,因此我们必须采取意译,特别是文学著作。 (二)意译是什么 意译,也称为自由翻译,它是只保持原文内容、不保持原文形式的翻译方法或翻译文字。意译则从意义出发,只要求将原文大意表达出来,不需过分注重细节,但要求译文自然流畅。在翻译时,如果不能直接采用原作的结构和表达形式,我们必须根据表达形式和特点改变句子结构和表达方式来传达原作的内涵。由于原语和译语在语序、语法、变化形式和修辞之间存在着许多差异,我们只能用适当的方式来传达原作的意思和再现原作的效果。在翻译过程中,要使语言清晰、有说服力,并且符合语言习惯,译者必须尽量遵照所使用的语言习俗和正确的用法,而不是坚持原作的表达模式。赵景深先生曾经说过,“一个通顺流畅的版本比只注重于忠实于原作的版本更好”。显而易见,赵景深先生赞成意译,严复先生也喜欢意译。严复的许多经典作品都采用了意译,例如《天演论》就是意译典型的例子。 因为语言基础发生变化,所以大部分文学著作都要求采用意译。 例如:英语:He was seized with the despairing sense of his helplessness.译为:他忽然产生了束手无策的绝望感觉。由于英、汉两种语言的文化差异,有一些修辞不能采用直译,我们

浅谈英语翻译中的直译和意译资料讲解

浅谈英语翻译中的直 译和意译

浅谈英语翻译中的直译和意译 一)、Literal translation 直译(异化法 foreignization ) Free translation 意译(归化法 domestication) 英、汉两种语言在结构和语义表达方面存在着雷同和差异,翻译时有时用直译,有时用意译。 (1)、直译(Literal translation)指不仅忠实于原文内容,而且忠实于原文形式的翻译方法. 直译把忠于原文内容放在第一位,把忠于原文形式放在第二位,要求在保持原文内容的前提下,力求使译文与原文在选词用字、句法结构、形象比喻及风格特征等方面尽可能趋同(无限接近)。 直译把通顺的译文形式放在第三位。 (1.1)直译的应用: (1.1.1)某些习语和短语的翻译,例如 cold war 冷战 hot line 热线 spicy girl 辣妹 black market 黑市 paper tiger纸老虎 Blood is thicker than water 血浓于水 The heart is seen in wine. 酒后吐真言 (1.1.2)含义广为流传,读者较为熟悉的短语、习语等, 直译可以丰富译语语言。例如: A. He walked at the head of the funeral procession, and every now and then wiped his crocodile tears with a big handkerchief. 他走在送葬队伍的前头,还不时用一条大手绢抹去那鳄鱼的眼泪。 B. The Senate Foreign Relations Committee today extended the olive branch to the Clinton Government by pleading for cooperation in developing foreign policy.

浅谈英语翻译中的直译和意译

浅谈英语翻译中的直译和意译 一)、Literal translation 直译(异化法foreignization ) Free translation 意译(归化法domestication) 英、汉两种语言在结构和语义表达方面存在着雷同和差异,翻译时有时用直译,有时用意译。 (1)、直译(Literal translation)指不仅忠实于原文内容,而且忠实于原文形式的翻译方法. 直译把忠于原文内容放在第一位,把忠于原文形式放在第二位,要求 在保持原文内容的前提下,力求使译文与原文在选词用字、句法结构、形象比喻及风格特征等方面尽可能趋同(无限接近)。 直译把通顺的译文形式放在第三位。 (1.1)直译的应用: (1.1.1)某些习语和短语的翻译,例如 cold war 冷战hot line 热线spicy girl 辣妹black market 黑市 paper tigei纸老虎 Blood is thicker tha n water 血浓于水 The heart is see n in wi ne.酒后吐真言 (1.1.2)含义广为流传,读者较为熟悉的短语、习语等,直译可以丰富译语语言。例如: A. He walked at the head of the funeral procession, and every now and the n wiped hiscrocodile tears with a big han dkerchief. 他走在送葬队伍的前头,还不时用一条大手绢抹去那鳄鱼的眼泪。 B. The Sen ate Foreig n Relati ons Committee today exte nded theolive hranch to the Clinton Government by pleading for cooperation in develop ing foreig n policy. 参议院外交委员会今天向克林顿政府伸出了橄榄枝、要求在发

浅析英语翻译方法中的直译与意译

浅析英语翻译方法中的直译与意译 the Brief Analyzation of Literal Translation and Free Translation Methods 安芸 西安翻译学院英语系710105 摘要:英语与汉语存在很大差异。“直译”与“意译”两种翻译方法在实际应用时所表明的各自独特的特点,两种翻译方法之间的相互关系与差异;两种翻译方法所使用的语义场与语域;两种翻译方法所使用的不同的背景及常出现的误区以及现状。 关键词:直译意译翻译方法关系与差异 Abstract:.There are huge differences between English and Chinese. The independent features which differentiate these two translation approaches, say, literal translation and free translation in real practice; meanwhile the correlations and distinctions between the two; the semantic field and the linguistic register in which the two translation approaches are applied; the different contexts in which they are employed; and the status-quo of these two approaches. Key words: Literal translation; Free translation; Translation methods;Translation theory;Relation and difference. 引言 直译与意译(Literal translation and Free translation) 所谓的英汉互译方法,即:通过英、汉两种语言特点的对比,分析其异同,跨越两种语言文化之间的障碍,在忠实于原文的情况下,阐述表达原文的一般规律。英语与汉语的语言结构与文体结构有相同的一面,汉译时可照译,即所谓“直译”——既忠实原文内容,又符合原文的语言与文体结构。由于人们在感情,在对客观事物的感受及社会经历等方面会有相似之处,英汉语言表达中有少量相同或近似的表达方式,这些表达方式的字面意义,形象意义相同或近似,隐含意义相同,也就是说,这些表达方式的字面意义和形象意义所传达出的文化信息是相同的,可以互译。直译时,译语要做必要的调整[1]。这两种语言之间还有许多差别,在汉译英时,如完全“字照字”的翻译(word-for-word translation),势必会出现“英语式的汉语”(English Chinese),这时就需要“意译’;在忠实原文内容的前提下,摆脱原文语言结构的束缚,使译文符合汉语的规范。特别要注意的是:“直译”中要杜绝“生搬硬套的翻译”,“意译”也不等于“信口开河,不着边际的翻译”。 “意译”则从意义出发,只要求将原文大意表达出来,不需过分注重细节,但要求译文自然流畅。由于文化因素的影响,在翻译时无法保留原语的字面意义和形象意义,可将原文的形象更换成另一个译文读者所熟悉的形象,从而转达出原文的语用目的,译出隐含意义。英汉

直译和意译

直译和意译 翻译是一种语言活动,是一门综合性很强的艺术和技术。美国著名翻译理论家尤金·奈达在20世纪60年代末将翻译定义为:翻译是指从语义到语体在译语中用最切近而又最自然的对等语再现原语信息。那么在实际翻译过程中,什么才是"最切近而又最自然的对等语"呢?翻译达人就翻译中这一基本问题,即直译与意译,进行简单的讨论。 翻译形态有六种:直译形态和意译形态、硬译形态和漫译形态、音译形态和形译形态。其中,直译和意译是翻泽的高级形态,也是翻译的正常形态;硬译和漫译是翻译的低级形态,也是翻泽的异常形态。过去译界在谈到直译和意译时,总是把它们看成是一种观点和主张,或看成是两种不同的翻译方法或手段。直译和意译作为一种观.点和主张是人们对翻译现象的一种基本认识、看法和态度,是人们对翻译现象思维的结果。直译和意译作为两种不同翻译手段是人们为准确、通顺地表达原文而采取的方法和措施,是人们正确处理翻译现象的科学总结。直译和意译作为两种不同翻译方法是人们研究翻译现象的两种不同方式,是人们正确认识翻译和改造翻译的两大主要途径门所以,我们既承认直译和意译是一种观点和主张,也承认二者是方法和手段、但是,形态与方法(或手段)毕竞是两种不同的概念。形态是事物在一定条件下的表现形式,方法则是研究现象的方式。翻译形态是译品在一定条件下的表现形式;翻译方法是研究翻译现象的方式。当我们从译品表现形式角度看待翻译时,就把直译和意译看成是翻译形态;当我们从研究翻译现象角度看待翻译时,就把直译和意译看成是翻译方法。 在翻译实践中,必须首先正确理解原文的内涵,因为理解是表达的前提,不能正确的理解就谈不上确切的表达。但理解与表达不是独立应用的阶段,双方是相互联系、相互制约的统一过程。只有在正确理解原文的基础上,才能逐渐进入表达阶段。而“直译”与“意译”则是表达阶段最基本,也是最主要的两种方法。怎样运用“直译”与“意译”,是能否正确反映原文内容、思想和风格的关键。 然而长期以来,在我国乃至世界的翻译界中,关于“直译”与“意译”的理论纷争,使人们对翻译实践中所存在的问题,产生了许多新的思考,究竟如何才能更好地做好翻译工作,成了人们关注的话题。

四六级翻译技巧汉译英

翻译技巧-汉译英 英译汉的题型,关键在于理解原文;而汉译英的题型,关键在于如何综合运用所学的英文知识,将我们原本理解的相当明白的汉语文字,以准确的英语通顺地表达出来。 一.汉译英的翻译技巧 1、翻译的基本方法:关于直译与意译 直译是既保持原文内容、又保持原文形式的翻译方法或翻译文字。 意译,也称为自由翻译,它是只保持原文内容、不保持原文形式的翻译方法或翻译文字。应当注意,直译不是死译,而是指基本保留原有句子结构,照字面意思翻译。 例如:我们的朋友遍天下。 直译,“Our friends are all over the world” 意译,“We have friends all over the world” 直译以严格意义上的忠实为宗旨,意译则更多考虑英语的特点。选择直译还是意译,应该根据文章具体需要而定,两种译法可以并用。 2、翻译的变通手段 1)增词、减词 译文的增词、减词都是为了更确切、更忠实地表达原文的含义和精神。译文中添加一些原文没有的词句,表面上看似不忠实,但仔细分析就会发现这些增加的词句所表达的意思并非无中生有,而是隐含在原文中的。减词则是在不影响原意的情况下省略无关紧要的词语,避免拖泥带水。 如“感冒可以通过人的手传染” 可以译为Flu can be spread by hand contact. 其中的contact(接触)就是根据译文需要添加上的。 而“百姓出现做饭点火难现象”中的“现象”一词可以省略,只译成“people do not even have matches to light their stoves.”就足以表达原文中的信息。 我们分别来看几个例句: 例1 我不觉得用英语与外国人交谈有什么困难。 I don’t think it difficult to speak to a foreigner in English. (增形式主词it) 例2 虚心使人进步,骄傲使人落后。 Modesty helps one to go forward, whereas conceit makes one lag behind. (增连词) 例3 他连续讲了两小时的法语,没有出现任何的错误。 He has been speaking in French for two hours without any mistakes. (省动词) 例4 人群渐渐静了下来。 Silence came over the crowds. (省副词) 翻译的变通手段2)词类转换 词类变形和转换,是英语语言的一个很重要的特点,特别是名词、动词、形容词这三种最主要的词类,大部分可以直接转换使用,或者稍加变化(前缀、后缀等)即可转换为另一种词类。

英汉互译中的直译与意译

龙源期刊网 https://www.wendangku.net/doc/779217236.html, 英汉互译中的直译与意译 作者:邝敦花 来源:《校园英语·月末》2018年第12期 【摘要】英语和汉语存在很大差异。在进行英汉互译时,意译和直译是重要的两种翻译方法。在进行翻译过程中,意译和直译相互关联、密不可分。该论文从意译与直译的功能和用途上剖析两者的关系,指出意译和直译应该遵从的原则。通过两方面的分析,得出结论:在进行翻译过程中,意译和直译都有他们各自的作用,缺一不可。 【关键词】直译;意译;关系 【作者简介】邝敦花,琼台师范学院。 引言 英、汉是两门不同的语言,他们各自都有自己的语言系统,在句子形态和结构方面有很大的不同。但是,这两种语言又有着一定的相似性。意译和直译是非常重要的翻译方法和理论。直译与意译相互关联、互为补充,同时,它们又互相协调、互相渗透,不可分割。通过对直译与意译关系的掌握,更多地认识了解到分别什么时候采用两者,及所应该掌握的方法、遵从的原则和需要注意的问题,以提高翻译水平。 一、从概念角度来区分二者的关系 直译出现于五四运动时期,它强调必须忠实于原文,以使翻译实现“达”和“雅”。直译就是要准确无误地翻译出原文的意思,不能随意删减或增加原文的思想或意思,甚至连原文的情感也要展现出来,例如生气、开心或幸福等,同时还要保留原文的风格形式。直译常出现于下面几种类型的翻译:1.用于翻译文学翻译;2.用于科技资料翻译;3.也用于让学生能够了解这两种语言结构差异的外语教学。 意译则与直译不同,它只注重将原文的大意表达出来,只要译文能达意、流利,可以不去保留原文的风格。由于英语和汉语是两门不同的语言,所以在翻译过程中会出现使用相同的表达方法也无法满足原文的要求的情况,所以我们只能通过不同的结构和表达形式来展现原文所表达的思想和内涵,以达到再现原文的效果,这种翻译方法就是意译。赵景深先生曾经说过,“一个通顺流畅的版本比只注重于忠实于原作的版本更好”。严复先生的《天演论》用的也是意译。意译有下面三个特点:(1)以目的语为导向;(2)用符合语言结构的目的语来表达原文的意思;(3)译文要注重通顺流畅,可以不用保留原文的结构。 二、从应用方面来区分二者的关系

英语翻译中直译和意译

1、直译与意译 直译是基础,意译是补充能直译就尽量直译,不能直译就采取意译 1. Their accent couldn‘t fool a native speaker. A. 他们的口音不能愚弄本地人B.本地人是不会听不出他们是外乡人的。 C.本地人一听他们的口音便知道他们是外乡人的。 2. Smashing a mirror is no way to make an ugly person beautiful ,nor is it a way to make social problems evaporate.意译:砸镜子并不能解决实际问题。 直译:砸镜子并不能使丑八怪变漂亮,也不能使社会问题烟消云散。 3.He felt a rush of fear churning his stomach.直译:他感到一阵恐惧涌上胃口意译:他感到一阵恐惧涌上心头 4. He bent solely upon profit. A. 他只屈身与利润之前B.只有利润才使他低头。 C.他惟利是图 5. Would there be any possibility of having breakfast on the train before we are decanted in Munich ? A.当我们在慕尼黑被腾出车厢之前有任何在火车上吃早饭的可能性吗? B.我们在慕尼黑被腾出车厢之前,有可能在火车上吃早饭吗? 6. He had about as much chance of getting a job as of being chosen mayor of Chicago. A.他找到工作的机会和当选芝加哥市长的机会差不多B.他找到工作的机会简直跟当选芝加哥市长同样困难。 C.他找到工作的机会简直微乎其微。 拆句单词拆译26.Incidentally ,I suggest that you have the telephone moved to the sitting-room. 顺便说一句,我建议你把电话移至起居室。 27.He had a disconcerting habit of expressing contradictory ideas in rapid succession.他有个习惯叫人受不了,意思反复不定,一会一个主张。 短语拆译28. Throughout his life ,Benjamin Franklin continued his education,learning from human contacts as well as from books.本杰明。富兰克林整个一生都在受教育,他不仅从书本中学习,而且也从与人交往中学习。 29. Energy can neither he created nor destroyed ,a universally accepted law.能量即不能创造也不能消灭,这是一条公认的规律。 30. The meeting ended with protestations of friendship from everyone. 会议结束,人人表示彼此将友好相处。 31. His failure to observe the safety regulations resulted in an accident to the machinery.因为他没能遵守安全规则,机器出了故障。 32. His weak chest predisposes him to winter colds. 他的肺部很弱,冬天容易感冒。 33.He shook his head and his eyes were wide ,then narowed in in-dignation.他摇了摇头,两眼睁的圆圆的,接着有眯成一条线,脸上露出了愤怒的神情。 句子拆译这里主要指英语复合句,尤其是长句的拆译。 34. He had left a note of welcome for me,as sunny as his face.他留下一封段信,对我表示欢迎,那信写的热情洋溢,一如其人。 35. While I was waiting to enter university ,I saw advertised in a local newspaper a teaching post at a school in a suburb of London about ten miles from where I lived. 当我等着进大学期间,我在一份地方报纸上看到一则广告,说是在离我住处大约10英里的伦敦某郊区,有所学校要招聘一名教师。 顺序法36. Your presumption that I would want to share a flat with you is false. 你认为我会

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