宝宝护理婴语翻译20种

宝宝护理：婴语翻译20种

第1种：

健康性啼哭：妈妈看我多健康!

表现：抑扬顿挫、不刺耳、声音响亮、节奏感强、无泪液流出、每日累计啼哭时间可达2小时，这是运动的一种方式，婴儿正常的啼哭，一般每日4-5次，均无伴随症状，不影响饮食、睡眠及玩耍，每次哭的时间较短。

解决方法：如果你轻轻触摸他，或朝他笑笑，或把他的两只小手放在腹部轻摇两下，就会停止啼哭。

第2种:

饥饿性啼哭：妈妈，我饿了，快给我奶吃吧！

表现：喂奶前发生，带有乞求、由小变大、很有节奏、短促有规律、声音洪亮，当妈妈用手指触碰宝宝脸颊时，宝宝会立即转过头来，并有吸吮动作，若把手拿开，不给喂哺，宝宝哭得更厉害。

解决方法：一旦喂奶，哭声立即停止，吃饱后绝不再哭，还会露出笑容。

第3种：

过饱性啼哭：

孕妈联盟

哎呀，妈妈，把我撑着啦！

表现：多发生在喂哺后，哭声尖锐，两腿屈曲乱蹬，向外溢奶或吐奶，如果把宝宝腹部贴着妈妈胸部抱起来，哭声会加剧，甚至呕吐。

解决方法：过饱性啼哭不必哄。哭可以加快消化，问题是要注意溢奶。

第4种:

口渴性哭闹：妈妈，我口渴，喂我点水喝吧！

表现：表情不耐烦，嘴唇干燥，时常伸出舌头，舔嘴唇。

解决方法：当月嫂给宝宝喂水时，啼哭立即停止。

第5种:

意向性啼哭：妈妈！我呆腻歪了，抱抱我吧！

表现：啼哭时，宝宝头部左右不停扭动，左顾右盼，哭声平和、带有颤音，妈妈来到宝宝跟前，啼哭就会停止。宝宝双眼盯着妈妈，很着急的样子，有哼哼的声音，小嘴唇翘起，这就是要你抱抱他。

解决方法：为了不让孩子把哭当武器，等宝宝不哭了，再抱宝宝。

第6种:

意向性啼哭：妈妈！我呆腻歪了，抱抱我吧！

表现：啼哭时，宝宝头部左右不停扭动，左顾右盼，哭声平和、带有

颤音，妈妈来到宝宝跟前，啼哭就会停止。宝宝双眼盯着妈妈，很着急的样子，有哼哼的声音，小嘴唇翘起，这就是要你抱抱他。

解决方法：为了不让孩子把哭当武器，等宝宝不哭了，再抱宝宝。

第7种:

尿便性啼哭：我尿裤子了，给我换换吧。

大多会在睡醒时或吃奶后啼哭。如果是便前肠蠕动加快，宝宝感觉腹部不适：哭声低，无泪；如果已经尿便了：哭声先短后长、两声之间间隔较长、抽泣时短促有力、两腿乱蹬。哭的同时，两腿蹬被。

解决方法：当为他换上一块干净的尿布时，宝宝就不哭了。

第8种:

亮光性啼哭：我已经睡醒了，怎么天还没亮呢？

表现：两眼睁得很大，眼神灵活，宝宝白天睡得很好，一到晚上就哭闹不止，这多是白天睡得多所致。

解决方法：当打开灯光时，哭声就停止了。

第9种:

寒冷性啼哭：妈妈，我盖得太少了，我冷！

表现：哭声低沉、有节奏，哭时肢体少动，小手发凉、嘴唇发紫。解决方法：当为宝宝加衣被，或把宝宝放到暖和的地方时，他就安静了。

第10种:

寒冷性啼哭：妈妈，我盖得太少了，我冷！

表现：哭声低沉、有节奏，哭时肢体少动，小手发凉、嘴唇发紫。解决方法：当为宝宝加衣被，或把宝宝放到暖和的地方时，他就安静了。

第11种:

燥热性啼哭：妈妈给我盖得太多了，不要这么惦记我！

表现：宝宝多大声啼哭、不安、四肢舞动、颈部出汗。

解决方法：当妈妈为宝宝减少衣被，或把宝宝移至凉爽的地方时，宝宝就会停止啼哭。

第12种:

困倦性啼哭：我困了，可我还舍不得睡觉，不要强逼我！

表现：啼哭是阵发性，一声声不耐烦地号叫，这就是习惯上称的“闹觉”，宝宝闹觉常因室内人太多，声音嘈杂、空气污浊、过热等。

解决方法：让宝宝在相对安静的空间躺下来，也可以放点每秒钟1拍的、没歌词的音乐。也就是阿尔法波音乐，可以把孩子的脑波调整到深睡状态，他很快就会停止号哭，安然入睡。

第13种:

疼痛性啼哭：什么东西扎着我了？

表现：异物刺痛、虫咬、硬物压在身下等，都造成疼痛性啼哭。哭声比较尖利。

解决方法：妈妈要及时检查宝宝被褥，衣物中有无异物，皮肤有无蚊虫咬伤。

第14种:

害怕性啼哭：我好孤独啊！我有点害怕了！

表现：突然剧哭、先长后短。害怕性啼哭多出于恐惧、黑暗、独处、小动物、打针、吃药，或突如其来的声光等。

解决方法：要细心体贴照看宝宝，消除宝宝恐惧心理。比如：如果是新生儿，在妈妈肚子里时，伸胳膊、踢腿都有挡头，出来以后，到处都是空的，所以很没有安全感，可以用包被把宝宝包紧抱起玩，模仿宝宝子宫里的感觉，抱抱就不哭了；如果突然打雷时，将宝宝抱在怀里，耳部贴于母亲左侧胸膛听心跳声，轻轻晃动或听轻柔的音乐或用玩具转移注意力等。

第15种:

伤感性啼哭：我感到哪里不舒服!

表现：哭声持续不断、比如宝宝养成洗澡、换衣服的习惯时，当某天不洗澡、不换衣服，被褥不平整，尿布不柔软时，宝宝就会哭。

第16种:

吸吮性啼哭：这奶头今天是怎么回事？

表现：吃奶时，反复避开乳头，边吃边哭。原因往往是因为奶过凉、过热、奶头孔太小，吸不出来奶水；奶头孔太大，奶水太冲、呛奶‘代乳品太甜、鼻塞导致呼吸困难。

解决方法：检查奶温、奶流量是否合适，及时调整。比如：乳汁过急：用拇指、食指将乳房捏住，可使乳汁流得慢些，奶少要及时催乳或请教医生；代乳品太甜、太稠，配代乳品注意比例；鼻塞导致呼吸困难：喂奶前用温水点鼻1-2滴，鼻痂可随时脱落，如果鼻涕，可用葱白抹在鼻孔处，鼻子就通气了。

第17种:

疾病性啼哭病例：

阵发性腹痛（功能性）：

表现：多在生后1-2周，每天傍晚发作，烦躁不安，重者产生阵发而规律性的剧哭，持续数分钟后安静入睡。

解决方法：父母不要抽烟；取俯卧位、再轻轻按摩孩子背部可缓解。

第18种:

外科急腹症（肠套叠等）：哭声突发而出，节奏先长后短，剧烈而持久常伴呕吐、便血等症状。

解决方法：立即就医。

第19种:

颅脑疾病：尖叫、喷射性呕吐。解决方法：立即就医。

第20种:

病情危重：低弱的呻吟。

解决方法：立即就医。

英文文献翻译

中等分辨率制备分离的 快速色谱技术 W. Clark Still,* Michael K a h n , and Abhijit Mitra Departm(7nt o/ Chemistry, Columbia Uniuersity,1Veu York, Neu; York 10027 ReceiLied January 26, 1978 我们希望找到一种简单的吸附色谱技术用于有机化合物的常规净化。这种技术是适于传统的有机物大规模制备分离，该技术需使用长柱色谱法。尽管这种技术得到的效果非常好，但是其需要消耗大量的时间，并且由于频带拖尾经常出现低复原率。当分离的样本剂量大于1或者2g时，这些问题显得更加突出。近年来，几种制备系统已经进行了改进，能将分离时间减少到1-3h，并允许各成分的分辨率ΔR f≥（使用薄层色谱分析进行分析）。在这些方法中，在我们的实验室中，媒介压力色谱法1和短柱色谱法2是最成功的。最近，我们发现一种可以将分离速度大幅度提升的技术，可用于反应产物的常规提纯，我们将这种技术称为急骤色谱法。虽然这种技术的分辨率只是中等（ΔR f≥），而且构建这个系统花费非常低，并且能在10-15min内分离重量在的样本。4 急骤色谱法是以空气压力驱动的混合介质压力以及短柱色谱法为基础，专门针对快速分离，介质压力以及短柱色谱已经进行了优化。优化实验是在一组标准条件5下进行的，优化实验使用苯甲醇作为样本，放在一个20mm*5in.的硅胶柱60内，使用Tracor 970紫外检测器监测圆柱的输出。分辨率通过持续时间（r）和峰宽（w,w/2）的比率进行测定的（Figure 1），结果如图2-4所示，图2-4分别放映分辨率随着硅胶颗粒大小、洗脱液流速和样本大小的变化。

关于力的外文文献翻译、中英文翻译、外文翻译

五、外文资料翻译 Stress and Strain 1.Introduction to Mechanics of Materials Mechanics of materials is a branch of applied mechanics that deals with the behavior of solid bodies subjected to various types of loading. It is a field of study that i s known by a variety of names, including “strength of materials” and “mechanics of deformable bodies”. The solid bodies considered in this book include axially-loaded bars, shafts, beams, and columns, as well as structures that are assemblies of these components. Usually the objective of our analysis will be the determination of the stresses, strains, and deformations produced by the loads; if these quantities can be found for all values of load up to the failure load, then we will have obtained a complete picture of the mechanics behavior of the body. Theoretical analyses and experimental results have equally important roles in the study of mechanics of materials . On many occasion we will make logical derivations to obtain formulas and equations for predicting mechanics behavior, but at the same time we must recognize that these formulas cannot be used in a realistic way unless certain properties of the been made in the laboratory. Also , many problems of importance in engineering cannot be handled efficiently by theoretical means, and experimental measurements become a practical necessity. The historical development of mechanics of materials is a fascinating blend of both theory and experiment, with experiments pointing the way to useful results in some instances and with theory doing so in others①. Such famous men as Leonardo da Vinci(1452-1519) and Galileo Galilei (1564-1642) made experiments to adequate to determine the strength of wires , bars , and beams , although they did not develop any adequate theo ries (by today’s standards ) to explain their test results . By contrast , the famous mathematician Leonhard Euler(1707-1783) developed the mathematical theory any of columns and calculated the critical load of a column in 1744 , long before any experimental evidence existed to show the significance of his results ②. Thus , Euler’s theoretical results remained unused for many years, although today they form the basis of column theory. The importance of combining theoretical derivations with experimentally determined properties of materials will be evident theoretical derivations with experimentally determined properties of materials will be evident as we proceed with

1外文文献翻译原文及译文汇总

华北电力大学科技学院 毕业设计（论文）附件 外文文献翻译 学号：121912020115姓名：彭钰钊 所在系别：动力工程系专业班级：测控技术与仪器12K1指导教师：李冰 原文标题：Infrared Remote Control System Abstract 2016 年 4 月 19 日

红外遥控系统 摘要 红外数据通信技术是目前在世界范围内被广泛使用的一种无线连接技术，被众多的硬件和软件平台所支持。红外收发器产品具有成本低，小型化，传输速率快，点对点安全传输，不受电磁干扰等特点，可以实现信息在不同产品之间快速、方便、安全地交换与传送，在短距离无线传输方面拥有十分明显的优势。红外遥控收发系统的设计在具有很高的实用价值，目前红外收发器产品在可携式产品中的应用潜力很大。全世界约有1亿5千万台设备采用红外技术，在电子产品和工业设备、医疗设备等领域广泛使用。绝大多数笔记本电脑和手机都配置红外收发器接口。随着红外数据传输技术更加成熟、成本下降，红外收发器在短距离通讯领域必将得到更广泛的应用。 本系统的设计目的是用红外线作为传输媒质来传输用户的操作信息并由接收电路解调出原始信号，主要用到编码芯片和解码芯片对信号进行调制与解调，其中编码芯片用的是台湾生产的PT2262，解码芯片是PT2272。主要工作原理是：利用编码键盘可以为PT2262提供的输入信息，PT2262对输入的信息进行编码并加载到38KHZ的载波上并调制红外发射二极管并辐射到空间，然后再由接收系统接收到发射的信号并解调出原始信息，由PT2272对原信号进行解码以驱动相应的电路完成用户的操作要求。 关键字：红外线；编码；解码；LM386；红外收发器。 1 绪论

计算机网络-外文文献-外文翻译-英文文献-新技术的计算机网络

New technique of the computer network Abstract The 21 century is an ages of the information economy, being the computer network technique of representative techniques this ages, will be at very fast speed develop soon in continuously creatively, and will go deep into the people's work, life and study. Therefore, control this technique and then seem to be more to deliver the importance. Now I mainly introduce the new technique of a few networks in actuality live of application. keywords Internet Network System Digital Certificates Grid Storage 1. Foreword Internet turns 36, still a work in progress Thirty-six years after computer scientists at UCLA linked two bulky computers using a 15-foot gray cable, testing a new way for exchanging data over networks, what would ultimately become the Internet remains a work in progress. University researchers are experimenting with ways to increase its capacity and speed. Programmers are trying to imbue Web pages with intelligence. And work is underway to re-engineer the network to reduce Spam (junk mail) and security troubles. All the while threats loom: Critics warn that commercial, legal and political pressures could hinder the types of innovations that made the Internet what it is today. Stephen Crocker and Vinton Cerf were among the graduate students who joined UCLA professor Len Klein rock in an engineering lab on Sept. 2, 1969, as bits of meaningless test data flowed silently between the two computers. By January, three other "nodes" joined the fledgling network.

10kV小区供配电英文文献及中文翻译

在广州甚至广东的住宅小区电气设计中,一般都会涉及到小区的高低压供配电系统的设计.如10kV高压配电系统图,低压配电系统图等等图纸一大堆.然而在真正实施过程中,供电部门(尤其是供电公司指定的所谓电力设计小公司)根本将这些图纸作为一回事,按其电脑里原有的电子档图纸将数据稍作改动以及断路器按其所好换个厂家名称便美其名曰设计(可笑不?),拿出来的图纸根本无法满足电气设计的设计意图,致使严重存在以下问题:(也不知道是职业道德问题还是根本一窍不通) 1.跟原设计的电气系统货不对板,存在与低压开关柜后出线回路严重冲突,对实际施工造成严重阻碍,经常要求设计单位改动原有电气系统图才能满足它的要求(垄断的没话说). 2.对消防负荷和非消防负荷的供电(主要在高层建筑里)应严格分回路(从母线段)都不清楚,将消防负荷和非消防负荷按一个回路出线(尤其是将电梯和消防电梯,地下室的动力合在一起等等,有的甚至将楼顶消防风机和梯间照明合在一个回路,以一个表计量). 3.系统接地保护接地型式由原设计的TN-S系统竟曲解成"TN-S-C-S"系统(室内的还需要做TN-C,好玩吧?),严格的按照所谓的"三相四线制"再做重复接地来实施,导致后续施工中存在重复浪费资源以及安全隐患等等问题.. ............................(违反建筑电气设计规范等等问题实在不好意思一一例举,给那帮人留点混饭吃的面子算了) 总之吧,在通过图纸审查后的电气设计图纸在这帮人的眼里根本不知何物,经常是完工后的高低压供配电系统已是面目全非了,能有百分之五十的保留已经是谢天谢地了. 所以.我觉得:住宅建筑电气设计,让供电部门走!大不了留点位置,让他供几个必需回路的电,爱怎么折腾让他自个怎么折腾去.. Guangzhou, Guangdong, even in the electrical design of residential quarters, generally involving high-low cell power supply system design. 10kV power distribution systems, such as maps, drawings, etc. low-voltage distribution system map a lot. But in the real implementation of the process, the power sector (especially the so-called power supply design company appointed a small company) did these drawings for one thing, according to computer drawings of the original electronic file data to make a little change, and circuit breakers by their the name of another manufacturer will be sounding good design (ridiculously?), drawing out the design simply can not meet the electrical design intent, resulting in a serious following problems: (do not know or not know nothing about ethical issues) 1. With the original design of the electrical system not meeting board, the existence and low voltage switchgear circuit after qualifying serious conflicts seriously hinder the actual construction, often require changes to the original design unit plans to meet its electrical system requirements (monopoly impress ). 2. On the fire load and fire load of non-supply (mainly in high-rise building in) should be strictly sub-loop (from the bus segment) are not clear, the fire load and fire load of non-qualifying press of a circuit (especially the elevator and fire elevator, basement, etc.

外文文献及翻译

To connect SQL Server database First we introduce the basic knowledge of the database,be regarded as the warm-up exercise that study database weave distance front! 1.warm-up exercise Needing first avowal is relation database that database knowledge that we here introduce all point. The so-called relation database is to mean data as that the form gather, passing to establish simple form an a kind of database for of relation to defining construction. I ignore the watch at how saving way in physics in the document in database is,it can see to make an a line for with row, with electronics form is similar with the row.In relation database, the line were called the record, but the row then is called word segment. This form inside each an all in formations for is a record, it including particular customer, but each record then included the same type with the word segment of the quantity:Customer's number, name etc. Form is logic set that a kind of related information that press a line of arranging with row, similar in single form in work. Each row of the word a database form inside calls a word segment. Watch is from every kind of word a definition of its containment of, each word a data for describing its implying. While creating to set up a database, the beard assign for each word segment a the piece belongs to the sex with the other according to the type,biggest length.The word segment can include every kind of word sign,arithmetic figure even sketch. An information of relevant customer deposits in the line of the form, is called record.By any large, arbitrarily two records for database form to create set up can't be same. Key be a certain word segment( or several words segment) of the form inside, it() for fast inspect but drive index. The key can be unique, and also can then the right and wrong is unique, being decided by it() whether admission repetition. Unique key can specify for main key, using each one that come to unique marking form. The norm turns the database design of mission be method that the data of buildup,but the data of buildup, should can dissolve otiose repetition, and for have the necessary information offering to check to seek the path quickly. For attaining this kind of target but separate information to the process gone to in every kind of independent form, be called the norm turn. It is complicated process to use many appointed rules to proceed the norm with the type of the different Class that norm turn. That process studies and discuss already beyond the reach of textual scope.But,the norm of the simple database in majority turn and can use the simple experience in underneath rule completes: include the form of the information of repetition must be divided into independent a few forms dissolve repetition.

文献翻译英文原文

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/7a9255234.html,/finance/company/consumer.html Consumer finance company The consumer finance division of the SG group of France has become highly active within India. They plan to offer finance for vehicles and two-wheelers to consumers, aiming to provide close to Rs. 400 billion in India in the next few years of its operations. The SG group is also dealing in stock broking, asset management, investment banking, private banking, information technology and business processing. SG group has ventured into the rapidly growing consumer credit market in India, and have plans to construct a headquarters at Kolkata. The AIG Group has been approved by the RBI to set up a non-banking finance company (NBFC). AIG seeks to introduce its consumer finance and asset management businesses in India. AIG Capital India plans to emphasize credit cards, mortgage financing, consumer durable financing and personal loans. Leading Indian and international concerns like the HSBC, Deutsche Bank, Goldman Sachs, Barclays and HDFC Bank are also waiting to be approved by the Reserve Bank of India to initiate similar operations. AIG is presently involved in insurance and financial services in more than one hundred countries. The affiliates of the AIG Group also provide retirement and asset management services all over the world. Many international companies have been looking at NBFC business because of the growing consumer finance market. Unlike foreign banks, there are no strictures on branch openings for the NBFCs. GE Consumer Finance is a section of General Electric. It is responsible for looking after the retail finance operations. GE Consumer Finance also governs the GE Capital Asia. Outside the United States, GE Consumer Finance performs its operations under the GE Money brand. GE Consumer Finance currently offers financial services in more than fifty countries. The company deals in credit cards, personal finance, mortgages and automobile solutions. It has a client base of more than 118 million customers throughout the world

变电站_外文翻译_外文文献_英文文献_变电站的综合概述

英文翻译 A comprehensive overview of substations Along with the economic development and the modern industry developments of quick rising, the design of the power supply system become more and more completely and system. Because the quickly increase electricity of factories, it also increases seriously to the dependable index of the economic condition, power supply in quantity. Therefore they need the higher and more perfect request to the power supply. Whether Design reasonable, not only affect directly the base investment and circulate the expenses with have the metal depletion in colour metal, but also will reflect the dependable in power supply and the safe in many facts. In a word, it is close with the economic performance and the safety of the people. The substation is an importance part of the electric power system, it is consisted of the electric appliances equipments and the Transmission and the Distribution. It obtains the electric power from the electric power system, through its function of transformation and assign, transport and safety. Then transport the power to every place with safe, dependable, and economical. As an important part of power’s transport and control, the transformer substation must change the mode of the traditional design and control, then can adapt to the modern electric power system, the development of modern industry and the of trend of the society life. Electric power industry is one of the foundations of national industry and national economic development to industry, it is a coal, oil, natural gas, hydropower, nuclear power, wind power and other energy conversion into electrical energy of the secondary energy industry, it for the other departments of the national economy fast and stable development of the provision of adequate power, and its level of development is a reflection of the country's economic development an important indicator of the level. As the power in the industry and the importance of the national economy, electricity transmission and distribution of electric energy used in these areas is an indispensable component.。Therefore, power transmission and distribution is critical. Substation is to enable superior power plant power plants or power after adjustments to the lower load of books is an important part of power transmission. Operation of its functions, the capacity of a direct impact on the size of the lower load power, thereby affecting the industrial production and power consumption.Substation system if a link failure, the system will protect the part of action. May result in power outages and so on, to the production and living a great disadvantage. Therefore, the substation in the electric power system for the protection of electricity reliability,

英文论文及中文翻译

International Journal of Minerals, Metallurgy and Materials Volume 17, Number 4, August 2010, Page 500 DOI: 10.1007/s12613-010-0348-y Corresponding author: Zhuan Li E-mail: li_zhuan@https://www.wendangku.net/doc/7a9255234.html, ? University of Science and Technology Beijing and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2010 Preparation and properties of C/C-SiC brake composites fabricated by warm compacted-in situ reaction Zhuan Li, Peng Xiao, and Xiang Xiong State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China (Received: 12 August 2009; revised: 28 August 2009; accepted: 2 September 2009) Abstract: Carbon fibre reinforced carbon and silicon carbide dual matrix composites (C/C-SiC) were fabricated by the warm compacted-in situ reaction. The microstructure, mechanical properties, tribological properties, and wear mechanism of C/C-SiC composites at different brake speeds were investigated. The results indicate that the composites are composed of 58wt% C, 37wt% SiC, and 5wt% Si. The density and open porosity are 2.0 g·cm–3 and 10%, respectively. The C/C-SiC brake composites exhibit good mechanical properties. The flexural strength can reach up to 160 MPa, and the impact strength can reach 2.5 kJ·m–2. The C/C-SiC brake composites show excellent tribological performances. The friction coefficient is between 0.57 and 0.67 at the brake speeds from 8 to 24 m·s?1. The brake is stable, and the wear rate is less than 2.02×10?6 cm3·J?1. These results show that the C/C-SiC brake composites are the promising candidates for advanced brake and clutch systems. Keywords: C/C-SiC; ceramic matrix composites; tribological properties; microstructure [This work was financially supported by the National High-Tech Research and Development Program of China (No.2006AA03Z560) and the Graduate Degree Thesis Innovation Foundation of Central South University (No.2008yb019).] 温压-原位反应法制备C / C-SiC刹车复合材料的工艺和性能 李专，肖鹏，熊翔 粉末冶金国家重点实验室，中南大学，湖南长沙410083，中国（收稿日期：2009年8月12日修订：2009年8月28日;接受日期：2009年9月2日） 摘要：采用温压?原位反应法制备炭纤维增强炭和碳化硅双基体(C/C-SiC)复合材

外文文献翻译

估计技术和规模的希腊商业银行效率：信用风险、资产负债表的活动和 国际业务的影响1 1.介绍 希腊银行业经历了近几年重大的结构调整。重要的结构性、政策和环境的变化经常强调的学者和从业人员有欧盟单一市场的建立，欧元的介绍，国际化的竞争、利率自由化、放松管制和最近的兼并和收购浪潮。 希腊的银行业也经历了相当大的改善，通信和计算技术，因为银行有扩张和现代化其分销网络，其中除了传统的分支机构和自动取款机，现在包括网上银行等替代分销渠道。作为希腊银行（2004 年）的年度报告的重点，希腊银行亦在升级其信用风险测量与管理系统，通过引入信用评分和概率默认模型近年来采取的主要步骤。此外，他们扩展他们的产品/服务组合，包括保险、经纪业务和资产管理等活动，同时也增加了他们的资产负债表操作和非利息收入。 最后，专注于巴尔干地区（如阿尔巴尼亚、保加利亚、前南斯拉夫马其顿共和国、罗马尼亚、塞尔维亚）的更广泛市场的全球化增加的趋势已添加到希腊银行在塞浦路斯和美国以前有限的国际活动。在国外经营的子公司的业绩预计将有父的银行，从而对未来的决定为进一步国际化的尝试对性能的影响。 本研究的目的是要运用数据包络分析（DEA）和重新效率的希腊银行部门，同时考虑到几个以上讨论的问题进行调查。我们因此区分我们的论文从以前的希腊银行产业重点并在几个方面，下面讨论添加的见解。 首先，我们第一次对效率的希腊银行的信用风险的影响通过检查其中包括贷款损失准备金作为附加输入Charnes et al.(1990 年)、德雷克（2001 年）、德雷克和大厅(2003 年)，和德雷克等人（2006 年）。作为美斯特(1996) 点出"除非质量和风险控制的一个人也许会很容易误判一家银行的水平的低效；例如精打细算的银行信用评价或生产过高风险的贷款可能会被贴上标签一样高效，当相比银行花资源，以确保它们的贷款有较高的质量"(p.1026)。我们估计效率的银行和无此输入调整为不同的信用风险水平和对效率的影响。 第二，以往的研究中，希腊银行业，我们考虑资产负债表活动期间估计的效率得分。几个最近的研究审查效率的DEA 或随机前沿技术的银行，承认银行在非传统的活动中更多地参与，包括任何非利息（即费）收入（e.g. Lang和Welzel，1998年；德雷克，2001 年；托尔托萨Ausina，2003年）或资产负债表项目（例如阿尔通巴什等人，2001 年；阿尔通巴什和查克，2001年；架和Hassan，2003a、b ；Bos 和Colari，2005 年；饶， 1原文出处及作者：巴斯大学管理学院2007年硕士毕业论文，作者Fotios Pasiouras