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初中被动语态练习题学习的啊学习的武器学习的武器

学英语简单吗？肯定会有许多学生说：“难死了”。

为什么有好多学生对英语的学习都感到头疼呢？答案只有一个：“不得法。” 英语与汉语一样都是一种语言，为什么你说汉语会如此流利？那是因为你置身于一个汉语环境中，如果你在伦敦呆上半年，保准说起英语来会非常流利。但很多中学生没有很好的英语环境，那么你可以自己设置一个英语环境，坚持“多说”、“多听”、“多读”、“多写”，那么你的英语成绩肯定会很出色。

一、多“说”。

自己多创造机会与英语教师多讲英语，见了同学，尤其是和好朋友在一起时尽量用英语去问候，谈心情……这时候你需随身携带一个英汉互译小词典，遇到生词时查一下这些生词，也不用刻意去记，用的多了，这个单词自然而然就会记住。千万别把学英语当成负担，始终把它当成一件有趣的事情去做。

或许你有机会碰上外国人，你应大胆地上去跟他打招呼，和他谈天气、谈风景、谈学校……只是别问及他的年纪，婚史等私人问题。尽量用一些你学过的词汇，句子去和他谈天说地。不久你会发现与老外聊天要比你与中国人谈英语容易的多。因为他和你交谈时会用许多简单词汇，而且不太看重说法，你只要发音准确，准能顺利地交流下去。只是你必须要有信心，敢于表达自己的思想。

如果没有合适的伙伴也没关系，你可以拿过一本书或其它什么东西做假想对象，对它谈你一天的所见所闻，谈你的快乐，你的悲伤等等，长此坚持下去你的口语肯定会有较大的提高。

二、多“听”

寻找一切可以听英语的机会。别人用英语交谈时，你应该大胆地去参与，多听听各种各样人的发音，男女老少，节奏快的慢的你都应该接触到，如果这样的机会少的话，你可以选择你不知内容的文章去听，这将会对你帮助很大，而你去听学过的课文的磁带，那将会对你的语言语调的学习有很大的帮助。

三、多“读”。

“读”可以分为两种。一种是“默读”。每天给予一定时间的练习将会对你提高阅读速度有很大的好处，读的内容可以是你的课本，但最好是一些有趣的小读物，因为现在的英语高考越来越重视阅读量和阅读速度。每道题的得分都与你的理解程度有很大关系，所以经过高中三年阅读的训练后，你必定会在高考中胜券在握。另一种是“朗读”这是学语言必不可少的一种学习途径。

四、多“写”

有的同学总是抱怨时间紧，根本没时间写作文。其实“写”的形式很多，不一定就写作文才提高写作能力。比如写下你一天中发生的一些重要的事情，或当天学了某一个词组，你可以创设一个语境恰如其份地用上这个词。这样即可帮你记住这个词的用法，又可以锻炼你的写作能力，比如学“wish”一词时，可写一小段如下：

The teacher often asks us what we want to be in the future.My good friend Tom wishes to be a soldier.However,I'm different .I wish I were a teacher in the future.But my mother wishes me to be a doctor.

只几句话：但wish的几种用法已跃然纸上，这样写下来印象会深刻得多，这样比死记硬背wish的用法也有趣轻松的多。

学习英语不用花大块的时间，10分钟的散步可以练"说",吃完饭后可以读一会儿英语小说，睡前听几分钟英语，可以使你得到更好地休息……只要你每天抽出一些时间来练英语，你的英语成绩肯定会很快提高的。

背英语单词技巧

1、循环记忆法

艾宾浩斯遗忘曲线

人的大脑是一个记忆的宝库，人脑经历过的事物，思考过的问题，体验过的情感和情绪，练习过的动作，都可以成为人们记忆的内容。例如英文的学习中单词、短语和句子，甚至文章的内容都是通过记忆完成的。从"记"到"忆"是有个过程的，这其中包括了识记、保持、再认和回忆。有很多人在学习英语的过程中，只注重了学习当时的记忆效果，孰不知，要想做好学习的记忆工作，是要下一番工夫的，单纯的注重当时的记忆效果，而忽视了后期的保持和再认同样是达不到良好的效果的。

雅思阅读题目出题的本质是三种替换：同义词/词组替换，句型替换，语法替换，笔者将从这三方面根据学生课堂笔记进行分类整理。以下是剑桥真题中的考点词,替换词,一次多义总结：

1.rigid/ stiff/ unchanged/ little change 僵硬的，一成不变的

2.significant/enormous/dramatic/tremendous/appreciably/remarkable/crucial/ 巨大的,明显的，程度大的/substantial

3.approximately 将近-nearly, almost

4.proportion/ percentage 比例

5.be involved (in)/ involve in/ involvement [n.] 涉及，卷入，参与

6.given/ considering , in regard to / despite/ although 有鉴于

考虑到，尽管

6.induce [v] 引入，引导，引诱/ inductive [n] 归纳>< deduce /deductive推断

7.fortune/ destiny/ chances

8.deplete 开采完，耗尽/ exhaust –exhaust emission (尾气)排放/ exploit

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/789379174.html,plex 错综复杂的/ complicated/ sophisticated 老奸巨滑的，复杂的

10.capacity能力，容量/ competence （竞争）能力/ ability 能力（笼统的）

11.确保，保障：Secure-security/ ensure (insure)/ guarantee 押金

12.solely/ merely/ only

13.a vast array of 系列/ a great variety of 花样，品种/ a great rang 系列of

14.pesticide 杀虫/ suicide 自杀/ homicide/ murder杀人

15.believe/ assume (responsibility)/ suppose

16.授权，委托：authorize/ commission 佣金/ entitle 头衔+ ment =right （权利）

17.purchase/ buy

18. ethnic 种族的/ ethic 伦理，道德的+ s =[n ]

19. modify/ change [v] shift work 轮班工作[n]

20. insight/knowledge/ learning/ understanding/ knowing

21.constrain拘泥，限制/ restrict 限制/ limit

22. circumstance 环境（社会）/ surroundings/ environment 环境（环保）背景background 后台/ settings 后台，布景/ context 上下文（文章中）

23.notorious 臭名昭著的/ flagrant臭的>

24.移民：immigrant (进来)/ emigrant(出去)/migrant

25.兴旺，繁荣；prosperous/ thriving/ booming（人口，行业）/flourishing

26.神圣的：divine/ heavenly/ holy/ sacred

27.有毒的：poisonous/ toxic ( in-, non- 无毒的)

28.致命的：deadly/ fatal/ lethal/ mortal

29.类似于：look like/ resemble

30. chronic长期的,慢性的— long-term 长期的

31.网恋：virtual love/ cyber love

32.网友：on-line /net/ cyber friend

上网（聊天）chat on line/ go on-line cyber café/网吧

33.evolve-evolution 进化/ revolute-revolution 革命，旋转/ involve-involution 卷入，涉及

34. indicator/ predictor 表示诠释，预测

35.indicate/ demonstrate/ display/exhibit/betray

36. therapist /expert/ specialist

37. 优点，长处，美德：advantage/ merit/ virtue/ length

38. commonest/ frequent

39. 未开发的，初级的：rudimentary/ underdeveloped

40. 退化：degenerate/ -tion [n] ->generate 生产，制造/ degrade ->grade 等级/ deteriorate 恶化，每况愈下

41. 分类：category-categorize/ class-classify

42. consequence后果->影响/ subsequence紧跟其后/ sequence=order秩序/ frequency频率

43.clash 冲突（民族，种族）/crash 飞机坠毁

44. substitution=> substitute sth for sb /replace

45.alternative=> 选择性，代替性，辅助性

46.孤立：isolate/ alienate/insulate隔绝，排外，孤立->be alien to/insulate (-ior) 绝缘，隔热（体）47．缺点，不足之处：defect/ flaw/ failing/ disadvantage /drawback

48.创新的，发明的，新颖的，创新的：inventive (-tion)/ innovative (-tion)/ creative (-tion)/ ingenious (ity)/novel (-ty) =>[n]/creative/revolutionary

易错拼写：environment/ convenient

49．neutral 中立的，中性的/negative 否定，消极，阴性的/positive 肯定，积极，阳性的50．ambiguous->ambiguity 模棱两可的，暧昧的/obscure

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/789379174.html,municate 沟通，传达，通报

52.accommodate 1供...食宿，2=adapt to 适应，调整，3=hold 容纳，4使…停靠

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/789379174.html,mitment 1 ~ to sth 奉献2 责任,义务

54．contribute to 导致~ result in /account for (占据)导致

54.缺乏的，不足的：inadequate/ insufficient/ deficient/lack (of)/ short (of)

55.强调：emphasize/ stress/ highlight/ focus on/ concentrate on

英语作文常用谚语、俗语

1、A liar is not believed when he speaks the truth. 说谎者即使讲真话也没人相信。

2、A little knowledge is a dangerous thing. 一知半解，自欺欺人。

3、All rivers run into sea. 海纳百川。

4、All roads lead to Rome. 条条大路通罗马。

5、All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy. 只会用功不玩耍，聪明孩子也变傻。

6、A bad beginning makes a bad ending. 不善始者不善终。

7、Actions speak louder than words. 事实胜于雄辩。

8、A faithful friend is hard to find. 知音难觅。

9、A friend in need is a friend indeed. 患难见真情。

10、A friend is easier lost than found. 得朋友难，失朋友易。

11、A good beginning is half done. 良好的开端是成功的一半。

12、A good beginning makes a good ending. 善始者善终。

13、A good book is a good friend. 好书如挚友。

14、A good medicine tastes bitter. 良药苦口。

15、A mother's love never changes. 母爱永恒。

16、An apple a day keeps the doctor away. 一天一苹果，不用请医生。

17、A single flower does not make a spring. 一花独放不是春，百花齐放春满园。

18、A year's plan starts with spring. 一年之计在于春。

19、A young idler, an old beggar. 少壮不努力，老大徒伤悲。

20、Better late than never. 不怕慢，单怕站。

21、By reading we enrich the mind.读书使人充实，

22、Care and diligence bring luck. 谨慎和勤奋才能抓住机遇。

23、Confidence in yourself is the first step on the road to success. 自信是走向成功的第一步。

24、Custom is a second nature. 习惯是后天养成的。

25、Custom makes all things easy. 有个好习惯，事事皆不难。

26、Doing is better than saying. 与其挂在嘴上，不如落实在行动上。

27、Do nothing by halves. 凡事不可半途而废。

28、Don't put off till tomorrow what should be done today. 今日事，今日毕。

29、Don't trouble trouble until trouble troubles you. 不要自找麻烦。

30、Early to bed and early to rise makes a man healthy, wealthy and wise. 早睡早起身体好。

31、Easier said than done. 说得容易，做得难。

32、Easy come, easy go. 来也匆匆，去也匆匆。

33、Eat to live, but not live to eat. 人吃饭是为了活着，但活着不是为了吃饭。

34、Every man has his faults. 金无足赤，人无完人。

35、Every man is the architect of his own fortune. 自己的命运自己掌握。

36、Every minute counts. 分秒必争。

37、Each coin has two sides.

38、Fact speak louder than words. 事实胜于雄辩。

39、Failure is the mother of success. 失败是成功之母。

40、God helps those who help themselves. 自助者天助。

41、Health is better than wealth. 健康胜过财富。

42、Honesty is the best policy. 做人诚信为本。

43、Hope for the best, but prepare for the worst. 抱最好的愿望，做最坏的打算。

44、It is never too old to learn. 活到老，学到老。

45、Knowledge is power. 知识就是力量

46、Like mother, like daughter. 有其母必有其女。

47、No pain，no gain.（不劳无获。）

48、You never know till you have tried. 不尝试，不知晓。。

49、An idle youth, a needy age.少壮不努力，老大徒伤悲。

50、Diligence is the mother of success.勤奋是成功之母。

51、Early to bed, early to rise, makes a man healthy, wealthy and wise. 早睡早

起，使人

健康、富

裕和聪

颖。52、Experience is the best teacher.经验是最好的教师。

53、Nothing in the world is difficult if you set your mind to it.

世

上

无

难

事，

只

怕

有

心

人。

54、Where there's a will, there's a way. 有志者事竟成。

55、Practice makes perfect ．（熟能生巧。）

56、Pride goes before a fall．（骄傲必败。）

Superstar and I

It’s common that many students are crazy about those singers and actors. However, liyundi, a pianist, is the superstar in my heart. He is a man of few words and he even looks like the greatest pianist—Chopin. When listening to his music , I can get rid of everything noisy around. What’s more, I can feel his strong love for music. Rome wasn’t built in one day. He achieved the great success through huge effort. I can learn from him that we should never give up to realize our dreams.

Superstar and I

Her name first appeared as a joke then like a wonder. She is Susan Boyle, the superstar in my heart. Although she’s not beautiful, her voice and spirit moved all the audience, including me. The song ’I dreamed a dream’ that she sang touched everyone’s heart who had a dream and wanted to realize it. She taught me how to go on my dreams as well as never to give up. She is like a sunshine that gives me hope. Where there is a will, there is a way.

初中被动语态练习题

1. ( ) 1 The People's Republic of China __ on October 1,

1949.

A. found

B. was founded

C. is founded

D. was found ( ) 2 English ____ in Canada.

A. speaks

B. are spoken

C. is speaking

D. is spoken ( ) 3 This English song___ by the girls after class.

A. often sings

B. often sang

C. is often sang

D. is often sung ( ) 4 This kind of car ___ in Japan.

A, makes B. made C. is making D. is made ( ) 5 New computers ___ all over the world.

A. is used

B. are using

C. are used

D. have used

( ) 1 Our room must ___ clean.

A. keep

B. be kept

C. to be kept

D. to keep

( ) 2 -I'd like to buy that coat.-I'm sorry. ___.

A. it sold

B. it's selling

C. It's been sold

D. it had been sold

( ) 3 A new house ___ at the corner of the road.

A. is building

B. is being built

C. been built

D. be building ( ) 4 The key ___ on the table when I leave.

A. was left

B. will be left

C. is left

D. has been left ( ) 5 Doctors ___ in every part of the world.

A. need

B. are needing

C. are needed

D. will need

( ) 6 His new book___ next month.

A. will be published

B. is publishing

C. is being published

D. has been published

( ) 1 Japanese ___ in every country.

A. is not spoken

B. are spoken

C. is speaking

D. is not speaking

( ) 2 These papers___yet. A. have not written B. have not been written C. has not written D. has not been written ( ) 3 The sports meet ___ be held until next week.

A. didn't

B. won't

C. isn't

D. doesn't

( ) 1 -My shoes are worn out.

A. Can't they be mended?

B. Let me have a look at it.

C. How much do they cost?

D. Can't they mended?

( ) 2 ___ the watch been repaired yet? I badly need it.

A. Does

B. Has

C. Is D . Are ( ) 3 ___ these desks be needed?

A. Will

B. Are

C. Has

D. Do

( ) 1 Why ___ to talk about it yesterday?

A. didn't a meeting hold

B. wasn't a meeting held

C. wasn't held a meeting

D. a meeting wasn't held

( ) 2 Who was the book___?

A. write

B. wrote

C. written

D. written by ( ) 3 Where ___ these boxes made?

A. was

B. were

C. is

D. am

( ) 1 The flowers ___ often.

A. must be water

B. must be watered

C. must watered

D. must water

( ) 2 The books may___ for two weeks. A. be kept B. be borrowed C. keep D. borrow ( ) 3 The broken bike____ here by Mr Smith.

A. can mend

B. can mended

C. can be mend

D. can be mend

( ) 1 The old bridge in my hometown___ next month.

A. is going to be rebuilt

B. will rebuilt

C. are going to be rebuilt

D. are going to rebuilt

( ) 2 The play ___ at the theatre next Sunday. A. is going to be shown B. will shown C. will show D. is shown

( ) 3 The old stone bridge ___ next week

.A. is going to be rebuilt B. will be rebuild C. are going to be rebuilt D. will rebuild

( ) 1 Now these magazines__ in the library for a long time.

A. have kept

B. are keeping

C. have been keeping

D. have been kept

( ) 2 The pot ___ for ___ hot water

.A. used; keeping B. was used; keeping C. is used; to keep D. are used; keep ( ) 3 Tea ___ in the south of China.

A. grows

B. is grown

C. were grown

D. will grow ( ) 4 The bridges___ two years ago.

A. is built

B. built

C. were built

D. was built

( ) 5 Wet clothes are often ___ up near a fire in rainy weather .A. hang B. hanged C. hanging D. hung 9

( ) 1 The river smells terrible. People must ___ dirty things into it.

A. be stopped to throw

B. be stopped from throwing

C. stop to throw

D. stop from throwing

( ) 2 The teapot ___ water

.A. is filled with B. filled of C. fulling of D. filled ( ) 3 Old people must be looked after well and ___ politely. A. speak to B. spoken C. speak D. spoken to

( ) 4 Old people must ___.

A. look after well

B. be looked well after

C. looked well after

D. be looked after well

( ) 1 Newly-born babies___in hospital.

A. are taken good care

B. are taken good care of

C. take good care of

D. take good care

( ) 2 They were___ at the sudden noise. A. frightening B. frightened C. frighten D. frightens ( ) 3 These walls ___ stone.

A. are made of

B. made of.

C. are made into

D. made into

( ) 1 Jane ___ to sing us an American song last Saturday.

A. called

B. was asked

C. told

D. was said

( ) 2 The papers ___ to them. A. were shown B. show C. shown / D. have shown

( ) 3 The coat___her sister.

A. made to

B. were made for

C. was made for

D. was made to

( ) 1 I ___ five minutes to decide whether I should go or not.

A. gave

B. was giving

C. had given

D. was given

( ) 2 Good care____such things.A. should take of B. should be taken C. should be taking D. should be taken of ( ) 3 She will____good care____.

A. take; of

B. be taken; of

C. take; for you

D. be taken; of you

( ) 1 The teacher made him___ his homework. A. to do B. do C. did D. done

( ) 2 The boy_ streets without pay in the old days. A. was made to clean B. made cleanC. made to clean D. was made clean

( ) 3 These children____dance.

A. were seen to

B. were seen for

C. were seen

D. saw to

( ) 1 These stones___well.

A. are fitted

B. fit

C. fits

D. is fitted ( ) 2 The bike ___ 500 yuan. A. was cost B. costed C. cost D. is costed

( ) 3 The important meeting ___ on a cold morning last year.

A. was'had

B. was held

C. held

D. had

( ) 1 Great changes___ in the past ten years in China.

A. took place

B. have taken place

C. were taking place

D. had taken place

( ) 2 Y ou can't use the computer, it____.

A. was broken down

B. is wrong

C. is bad

D. has broken down ( ) 3 Great changes___in our country during the past 20 years.

A. have happened

B. happened

C. have been happened

D. were happened

( ) 4 The watch has often ___ down.

A. sat

B. lain

C. broken

D. fell

( ) 1 Please pass me another cup. This one___.

A. is broken

B. is breaking

C. broke

D. broken

( ) 2 The story books___ by the writer in the 1960s.A. are written B. were writtenC. are writing D. were writing ( ) 3 What time ___ the door ___ every day?

A. does; closed

B. does; close

C. is; closed

D. /; close

( ) 1 Can he___ himself?

A. get dress

B. get dressed

C. gets dressed

D. instead of ( ) 2 He fell from his bike and ___. A. is hurt B. gets hurt C. got hurt D. hurt

( ) 3 Lookout, please keep away from the fire, or your trousers will__

A. burnt

B. burn

C. burning

D. get burn

( ) 1 The apple___very sweet.

A. is tasted

B. taste -

C. tastes

D. are tasting ( ) 2 Y ou___ more beautiful in the light blue shirt. A. see B. watch C. look D. look at ( ) 3 What you said ___. like a good idea.

A. heard

B. listened

C. sound

D. sounded

( ) 1 -What do you think of the TV play? -Wonderful. It is worth___ a second time.

A. watching

B. watched

C. seen

D. seeing ( ) 2 How dirty the tables are! They need___. A. to clean B. clean C. cleaning D. cleaned ( ) 3 The book is worth ___.

A. seeing

B. reading

C. seen

D. read

参考答案：

1. 1-5 B D D D C

2. 1-6 B C B B C A

3. 1-3 A B B

4. 1-3 A B A

5. 1-3 B D B

6. 1-3 B A D

7. 1-3 A B A

8. 1-5 D B B C D

9. 1-4 B A D D 10. 1-3 B B A11. 1-3 B A C 12. 1-3 D D B 13. 1-3 B A A

14. 1-4 B C B 15. 1-4 B D A C 16. 1-3 A B C 17. 1-3 B C D

18. 1-3 C C D 19. 1-3 A C B

回答人的补充 2009-10-18 20:52

选择题

1._____ a new library _____ in our school last year?

A. Is ; built

B. Was ; built

C. Does ; build D .Did ; build

2.An accident ____ on this road last week.

A. has been happened

B. was happened

C. is happened

D. happened

3.Cotton ____ in the southeast of China.

A. is grown

B. are grown

C .grows D. grow

4.So far, the moon ____ by man already.

A. is visited

B. will be visited

C. has been visited

D. was visited

5.A talk on Chinese history _____ in the school hall next week.

A. is given

B. has been given

C. will be given

D. gives

6.A lot of things ____ by people to save the little girl now.

A. are doing

B. are being done

C. has been done

D. will be done

7.The doctor _____ for yet.

A. isn't sent

B. hasn't been sent

C. won't be sent

D. wasn't sent

8.--When ___ this kind of computer______?

--Last year.

A. did; use

B. was; used

C. is; used

D. are; used

9.Who _____ this book _____?

A. did; written

B. was; written by

C. did; written D .was; written

10.Mary ____ show me her new dictionary.

A. has asked to

B. was asked to

C. is asked D .asks to

11.A story _____ by Granny yesterday.

A. was told us

B. was told to us

C. is told us D .told us

12.The monkey was seen _____ off the tree.

A. jump

B. jumps

C. jumped

D. to jump

13.Older people ____ well.

A. looks after B .must be looked after

C. must look after D .looked after

14.Our teacher ______ carefully.

A. should be listened to

B. should be listen

C. be listened

D. is listened

15. In some part of the world, tea _______ with milk and sugar.

A. is serving

B. is served

C. serves

D. served

16. It was reported that the murderer _______ arrested.

A. has been

B. had been

C. has

D. had

17. Do you think that the bridge ______ in a year?

A. would be completed

B. will be completed

C. had been completed

D. is being completed

18. Great changes _______ in China since the People’s Republic of China _______ in 1949.

A. have taken place; was founded

B. has taken place; was founded

C. have been taken place; founded

D. took place; founded

19.—Why does Ling Ling look so unhappy?

—She has _______ by her classmates.

A. laughed

B. laughed at

C. been laughed

D. been laughed at

20. Doctors _______ in every part of the world.

A. need

B. are needing

C. are needed

D. will need

21. I promise that matter will _______.

A. be taken care

B. be taken care of

C. take care

D. take care of

22. No permission has ________ for anybody to enter the

building.

A. been given

B. given

.C. to give D. be given

23. I ___ ten minutes to decide whether I should reject the offer.

A. gave

B. was given

C. was giving

D. had given

24. Can such a thing _____ happening again?

A. prevent from

B. prevented from

C. be prevented from

D. to prevent from

25. A new house ________ at the corner of the road.

A. is building

B. is being built

C. been built

D. be building

26. This bike ________ last year.

A. bought

B. has been bought

C. was bought

D. had been bought

27. Did you see the house that _______ by fire last year?

A. was destroying

B. destroyed

C. would destroy

D. was destroyed

28. It _______ whether she will get her work in the hospital.

A. hasn’t been decided

B. isn’t deciding

C. doesn’t decide

D. hasn’t decided

29. The pen _______ me. It is hers.

A. isn’t belong to

B. wasn’t belong to

C. doesn’t belong to

D. didn’t belong to

30. I can’t use my bike because it _______.

A. is repairing

B. is being repaired

C. will repair

D. was repairing

31. The chairman told the speaker that she ______ to speak a little louder so as to make herself _____.

A. was expected; heard

B. had expected; hear .

C had hoped; hear D. was hoped; heard

32．— The window is dirty.

— I know. It _____ for weeks. （2004全国03）

A. hasn’t cleaned

B. didn’t clean

C. wasn’t cleaned

D. hasn’t been cleaned

33. By the end of last year, another new gymnasium _______ in

Beijing. (2003上海春季, 27)

A. would be completed

B. was being completed

C. has been completed

D. had been completed

34.—How long _______ at this job?

—Since 1990. (NMET 2003北京春季, 27)

A. were you employed

B. have you been employed

C. had you been employed D .will you be employed

35.—What happened to the priceless works of art?

—_______. (NMET 2003北京春季, 34)

A. They were destroyed in the earthquake

B. The earthquake was destroying them

C. They destroyed in the earthquake

D. The earthquake destroyed them

36. This is Ted’s photo. We miss him a lot. He _______ trying to save a child in the earthquake.

A. killed

B. is killed

C. was killed

D. was killing

(NMET 2002 北京春季, 27)

37. Rainforests and burned at such a speed that they will disappear from the earth in the near future.

(2002 上海春季, 30)

A. cut

B. are cut

C. are being cut

D. had been cut

38. Selecting a mobile phone for personal use is no easy task because technology _______ so rapidly.

A. is changing

B. has changed

C. will have changed

D. will change

(NMET 2001, 24)

39. Hundreds of jobs _______ if the factory closes.

(NMET 2001北京春季, 12)

A. lose B will be lost

C. are lost

D. will lose

40. A new cinema _______ here. They hope to finish it next month.

A. will be built

B. is built

C. has been built

D. is being built

(NMET 2001北京春季, 17)

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

B D A

C C B B B B B B

D B A B B B A D C

21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40

B A B

C B C

D A C B A D D B A C C A B D

口语是需要技巧的。光靠大胆自信还不够。关键是系统的方法。我是英语专业毕业的，英语八级，现在当翻译，在大学时去英语角，上课发言等都不管用，一度非常苦恼。后来发现口语练习需要系统的方法。建议你按照我的方法做。买个口语软件，口语宝或者右脑王都不错。1语音阶段，照软件的内容练，一天俩小时，最多一个月，语音可以过关。无论你的基础怎么样。切记一定要仔细认真模仿纠正模仿在模仿。2篇章阶段，根据软件上的资料，句子，语音，语调，断句，停顿，高低，节奏，长短等等，越细越好，模仿，对比，模仿，纠正，再模仿。不求量只求质。同样一个月，明显可以提高。3电影阶段，看英语电影。每句话听五遍以上，看看能听懂几个单词。在看汉语五遍，看看能听懂几个词组，再看英语五遍以上。然后倒过来从英语字幕到汉语字幕到无字幕，五遍以上。冰河世纪这部影片够你看两个月，五分钟的影片可以看两小时以上。4与人交流。现在开始舍弃软件，自信大胆的与中国人，别管对错，把自己想说的说出来。与老外更好。记住耐心模仿，细心比较，持之以恒，反反复复，1,2个月以后你的口语一定很棒。

你是外企的白领要经常的说英语哦，这个很正常的哦，如果你要学英语口语的话，那么对如何学习英语口语我有一些经验了。我建议你可以跟我一样报个电话英语培训啊。现在的电话英语还很很好了，电话英语，只通过声音传递内容上课，所以要求学生要有更高的注意力，

因此对提高听力有很大的帮助，同时在听他人说话的同时，自己也要开口说话，这种学习方式被认为是锻炼听力和口语的最佳方法，还有，电话英语最大的优势就是将上课内容全程录音可以供课后复习。而且时间安排可以在你的工作空余时间来学习英语口语哦，

如何学习英语口语的必备条件—语言环境。口语是交流、是听和说。学习任何一种语言，首先要听懂，然后才学说话。口语不可以自学。学习英语口语必须进入英文语言环境。每天听的都是英文，也必须讲英文。中国学生为什么不会讲英文？因为中国的英文老师大部分不讲英文，用中文上英文课。学生在英文课上不讲英文，大部分还是讲中文。1 如何学好英语口语--学习英文口语最好是英文母语老师—即外

教。英文为母语的老师，从小生活在英文的环境里。知道各种生活场景、生活内容的英文用语，并且他们的发音纯正，只有他们才可以教好口语。就像外国人要学中文，一定要请中国的老师。所有这里我向你推荐恩京电话英语培训学校，真是不错的，外教通过电话一对一教授日常口语，商务口语，雅思口语.面试英语，外贸口语,青少年英语等，每天回到家，晚上可以学10-20分钟，而且时间，外教都可以任选，均有指定教材，外教都是很有经验的老师，报名后每位学员在网站上都有专属学习地盘，每晚上课时外教会就你的问题当时提出纠正，上课后会在学员的学习地盘中留下当晚学习的详细评语和学员的进步情况分析，及第二天晚上上课讨论的建议。最重要的是，网站上有学员每晚学习的录音，学员可下载收听对照自己的学习；费用也特别实惠，我一个普通打工族就可以接受。随时随地和外教说英语，不错！！

2 学习英文还必须了解英文为主的西方文化。学习口语必须知道在什么场合，说什么话？怎么样说话是有礼貌的？什么是外国人忌讳的？就如同中文，从小父母就会教我们在什么场合要说你好、对不起。看见老人、叔叔、阿姨应当怎样称呼？在客人面前该问什么问题？不该说什么话？等等。因为我们的言语得体可以给别人留下良好的印象，不至于造成误会。

3 学习口语必须大量地听说练习。我们从小中文是怎么学会的？是每天起床后就不断地听不断地说。每天至少12个小时在中文听说语言环境里。其他语言的学习也是同样的道理。不断地听，不断地说，随时纠正。学生只要在与外国人或学生之间讲英文，就是在学习。

我有啊，奉献给你一些啦，快快学习吧：

Do you have some time tomorrow? 明天有空吧?

Yes, I do. 有啊。

How about having lunch with me? 一起吃顿中饭怎样？

Good idea. 好主意。

If you're free, how about lunch? 有空的话一起吃顿中饭如何？

When did you have in mind? 你想什么时候呢？

I was thinking about Thursday? 我看星期四怎样？

That will be fine with me. 没问题。

I'm calling to see if you would like to have lunch tomorrow.

我打电话给你，是想知道明天一起吃顿中饭怎样？

I'm sorry, but this week isn't very convenient for me.

对不起，这个星期我都不方便。

Perhaps we van make it later. 那么，也许改天吧。

That would be better. 好啊。

I'm calling to confirm our luncheon appointment.

我打电话来，是想确定一下我们约好吃饭的事。

It's tomorrow at twelve o'clock, right? 是明天12点吧？

Yes, that's right. 是的，没错。

I'll be there. 我会去的。

I'm sorry, but I have to cancel out luncheon appointment.

真抱歉，不过我不得不取消我们午餐的约会。

I'm sorry to hear that. 真遗憾。

I have pressing business to attend to. 我有紧急的事情要处理。

No problem. we'll make it later in the month. 没关系，这个月改天再说吧。

一、多“说”。

英语被动语态练习题及答案

英语被动语态练习题及答案一、单项选择被动语态 1．— Did he decide to take part in the competition? — Yes, of course. He _____ to. A．has been encouraging B．had been encouraged C．has been encouraged D．was to be encouraged 【答案】B 【解析】考查时态和语态。句意：——他决定参加比赛吗？——是的，当然。他已经被鼓励参加比赛。根据he和动词encourage之间的逻辑关系分析，此处应该使用被动形式，故先排除A 项。再和第一句话的一般过去时态结合起来分析，此处应该使用过去完成时态的被动语态。故选B。 2．Our teacher keeps telling us that the future to the well-educated. A．belonging B．belongs C．is belonging D．is belonged 【答案】B 【解析】考查短语：belong to 属于，没有进行时态没有被动语态。故答案选B。 3．Due to the country’s growing rate of urbanization, China’s migrant population _______ to be over 200 million by 2020. A．predicts B．is predicted C．will have been predicted D．will be predicted 【答案】B 【解析】考查时态和被动语态。句意：由于中国城市化的速度不断提高，到2020年，中国的流动人口预计将超过2亿。结合句意可知，用一般现在时态的被动语态，句子主语是population，单数第三人称形式，故答案为B。该题容易误选D项，是现在预计，而不是将来预计，故用现在时态。 4．It was the natural disaster, rather than human errors, that ________ for the death of so many innocent people. A．are blamed B．was to blame C．was blamed D．were to blame 【答案】B 【解析】【详解】考查主谓一致以及be to blame的用法。句意：是自然灾害，而不是人为错误，应对这么多无辜人类的死亡负责。be to blame for…表示“应受责备，应对……负责”时，固定短语，因此排除A、C项；这里强调主语the natural disaster，是一个强调句，谓语动词应与主语保持一致，即与the natural disaster保持一致，因此用was to blame，故选B项。 5．The headmaster in our school hopes that we will be more ambitious when we graduate than

初中被动语态练习题及答案汇编

被动语态练习题一、把下列主动语态改为被动语态: 1 We often use a recorder in our English class. 2 They will show a new film next week. 3 When did they build the house? 4 I saw the boy enter the room. 5 Will they show a new film next week? 6 We often see him help his classmate. 7 must turn off the light before you go to be.d 8 Who is repairing the bike? 9The student should learn all the texts by heart. 二、选择填空: 1. The reading room ________ yesterday afternoon. A. cleaned B. is cleaned C. was cleaning D. was cleaned 2. The workers were made ________ ten hours a day. A. work B. to work C. working D. worked 3. Food ________ in a cool place in summer. A. must keep B. mustn’t keep C. must be kept D. mustn’t be kept 4. His father ________ to work in Hong Kong 3 years ago. A. sent B. was sent C. has sent D. has been sent 5. The pen ________ well. A. writes B. is written C. was written D. writing 6. Great changes ________ in the town since 1988. A. have taken place B. have been taken place C. has taken place D. has been taken place 7. Our compositions must ________ next Monday. A. be hand in B. be handed in C. handed in D. be handing in 8. The child will ________ back to his parents next month. A. sent B. send C. be sent D. be sending 9. ________ his work ________ yet? A. have…been finished B. has …been finished C. has …finished D. have…finished 10. The classroom ________ now A. is cleaning B. is being cleaning C. is being cleaned D. is cleaned 11. I promise that matter will _______. A. be taken care B. be taken care of C. take care D. take care of 12. No permission has ________ for anybody to enter the building. A. been given B. given C. to give D. be given 13. I _______ ten minutes to decide whether I should reject the offer. A. gave B. was given C. was giving D. had given 14. Can such a thing _____ happening again? A. prevent from B. prevented from C. be prevented from D. to prevent from 15. A new house ________ at the corner of the road. A. is building B. is being built C. been built D. be building 16. This bike ________ last year. A. bought B. has been bought C. was bought D. had been bough 17. Did you see the house that _______ by fire last year? A. was destroying B. destroyed C. would destroy D. was destroyed 18. It _______ whether she will get her work in the hospital. A. hasn’t been decided B. isn’t deciding C. doesn’t decide D. hasn’t decided

初中英语语法被动语态专练(附习题和答案)

初中英语语法被动语态专练（附习题和答案）1被动语态中谓语动词的基本构成： be + done 2八种时态的被动语态：（变be 的时态即可，done不动） 1）一般现在时：am / is / are + done ①People grow rice in the south of the country. Rice is grown in the south of the country. ②The school doesn't allow us to enter the chemistry lab without a teacher. We are not allowed to enter the chemistry lab without a teacher. 2）一般过去时：was / were + done ①They agreed on the building of a new car factory last month. The building of a new car factory was agreed on last month. ②The students didn't forget his lessons easily. His lessons were not easily forgotten 3）一般将来时：will + be done ①They will send cars abroad by sea. Cars will be sent abroad by sea. ②They will give plenty of jobs to school-leavers. Plenty of jobs will be given to school-leavers. 4）一般过去将来时：would + be done

(完整版)初中英语被动语态练习题(最新整理)

被动语态 1. The PRC (found) in 1949. 2. Edison’s mother (save) after the operation. 3. I (tell) the good news yesterday. I was pleased to hear that. 4. Dr. Bethune went on with the operation though he (ask) to leave. 5. Very little (know) about the universe thousands of years ago. 6. —Where is Peter? —He (tell) to meet some foreign friends just now. 7. He (live) in this house since it (build). 8. Trees must (put) in the hole so that it is straight. 9. Old people must (speak) to politely. 10. Let’s (go) home if your homework (do). 11. Miss Zhao usually (ask) us some questions in class but yesterday she (ask) a lot of questions by us. 12. Tom (catch) a bad cold. He (must take) good care of. 13. —Look! I (buy) a new dictionary. —When it (buy)? —The day before yesterday. 14. I can’t mend the machine. Uncle Wang should (send) for at once. 15. He showed me the kite as soon as it (make). 16. — this kind of flower (water) every day? —Certainly. It (need) much more water than the others. 17. —Which does Li Lei prefer, the long jump or the high jump? —Of course, the high jump. He (know) to be good at it. 18. Sometimes Tom (take) to school by bike, but now he (walk) to school by himself every morning. 19. No more bread (need) because my mother (buy) so much of it. 20. Stamps can (use) to send and receive letters. 21. My bike (not work) now. It must (mend). I (use) it tomorrow. 22. Your shoes (wear) out. But they can (mend) here. 被动语态专项练习将下列句子变成被动语态(A) 1.They produce silk in Suzhou. _____________________________. 2. We take good care of our textbooks. ____________________________. 3. Many young people don’t speak Russian. ______________________________. 4. Do you often make lanterns for the traditional Lantern Festival in China?______________. 5. His mother gave him a present for his birthday.________________________________. 6. They didn’t choose me this term. _____________________________________. 7. I often hear him sing in his room. __________________________________. 8. The story made us laugh. ____________________________________. 9. We are going to build a school in the small village. ____________________________. 10. When will you held the match? _______________________________. 11. We should plant many trees on the mountains. ________________________________. 12. His mother told him not to waste time on fishing. _________________________________. 13. Father gave me a toy at Christmas. ______________________________________.

英语被动语态练习题含答案

英语被动语态练习题含答案一、单项选择被动语态 1．－Mike, did you see Mr. Chapman in the office just now? －Yes, he ________, and he looked a little bit nervous. A．had interviewed B．was interviewed C．was being interviewed D．is being interviewing 【答案】C 【解析】考查动词时态。句意：——迈克,你刚才看到Mr. Chapman在办公室吗?——是的,他正在接受采访,他看起来有点紧张。表示刚才正在进行的动作用过去进行时，句中he和动词interview是被动关系，所以此处用过去进行时的被动，故选C。 2．The two nurses ________ 100，000 yuan by the police but donated it to victims of the explosion. A．rewarded B．would be rewarded C．have been rewarded D．had been rewarded 【答案】D 【解析】试题分析：句意：这两位护士被警方奖赏100，000元，但是她们把钱捐给了爆炸事故的受害者。根据“but donated it to victims of the explosion.”，可知“她们把钱捐给了爆炸事故的受害者”已经是发生在过去的事情，而“两位护士被警方奖赏100，000元”是发生在过去的过去，故用过去完成时，且“两位护士”和“奖赏”是被动关系，故用被动语态，选D。考点：考查时态和语态 3．— Can we play basketball in the school gym? — No, it ______ during the summer holidays. A．is repaired B．is being repaired C．was repaired D．has been repaired 【答案】B 【解析】【详解】考查时态语态。句意：--我们可以在学校操场上打篮球吗？--不行，暑假期间操场正在被修葺。根据句意可知，这里是表示正在进行，所以要用现在进行时。主语it和动词之间是被动关系，所以要用被动语态。故选B。 4．A new function of China’s official train ticket booking website ______to boost buyers’ chances of obtaining a ticket during the upcoming Spring Festival travel rush. A．will be expected B．expects C．has been expected D．is expected 【答案】D 【解析】

(完整版)初中英语被动语态语法及练习题(有答案)

语态概述 1.一般现在时:am/is/are+spoken 2. 一般过去时:was/were+spoken 3. 一般将来时:will/shall be+spoken 4. 现在进行时:am/is/are being+spoken 5. 过去进行时:was/were being+spoken 6. 现在完成时:have/has been+spoken 7. 过去完成时:had been + spoken 主动语态变被动语态的方法 (1)把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。 (2)把谓语变成被动结构(be+过去分词) (根据被动语态句子里的主语的人称和数,以及原来主动语态句子中动词的时态来决定be的形式)。 (3)把主动语态中的主语放在介词by之后作宾语,将主格改为宾格。例如: All the people laughed at him. He was laughed at by all people. They make the bikes in the factory. The bikes are made by them in the factory. 含有情态动词的被动语态含有情态动词的主动句变成被动句时,由"情态动词+be+过去分词"构成,原来带to的情态动词变成被动语态后"to"仍要保留。 We can repair this watch in two days. This watch can be repaired in two days. They should do it at once. It should be done at once. 特殊情况 3. 主动表被动：1、 Need, want, require（要求，需要）, deserve(应得，值得), be worth值得），not bear(经不住) 后面接doing主动表被动。 The book is worth reading. 这本书值得一读。 The old building requires repairing. 这座古建筑需要修了。 These young seedlings will require/need looking after (=need to be looked after) carefully.这些幼苗将需要小心的照管。 Your hair wants/needs cutting (needs to be cut).你的头发该剪了。 6、一些与can''t(不能)或won''t(不会)连用的动词。常用的有: lock(锁住), shut(关上) , open(打开), act(上演), write(写)，cut(砍，切)，wear(穿，戴)等,用作不及物动词时，用主动表被动。例如: The door won''t open.这门打不开。 1

初中英语被动语态练习题及答案

被动语态全解语态是动词的一种形式,表示句子中主语和谓语动词的关系,主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者,被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。只有及物动词才能用于被动语态。一．被动语态的时态： 1.一般现在时的被动语态：am /is/ are +动词的过去分词 2.一般过去时的被动语态：was /were +动词的过去分词 3.一般将来时的被动语态：will be +动词的过去分词；be going to be +动词的过去分词 4.现在进行时的被动语态：am /is /are +being +动词的过去分词 5.现在完成时的被动语态：have /has +been +动词的过去分词 6.情态动词的被动语态：情态动词+ be +动词的过去分词二．被动语态的基本用法: (1) 需要强调动作的承受者时 The Great Wall is enjoyed by millions of people all over the world English is widely spoken in the world now. (2) 不知道或没必要指出动作的执行者时 Mr. Wang is invited to the meeting today . The problem is dealt with now . (3) 当说话人需要强调客观时 It is said that she was a beauty when she was young . 三．主动主动语态变被动语态的变法：口诀：宾变主，主变宾，谓变be done ,时不变，数格必须随被变。注：1.主动、被动的时态要一致。 2.主动、被动的句式要一致。 3.变成的被动语态的主语与谓语在单复数上保持一致。语态转换不被动语态的步骤 1, 把原主动句中的宾语转换为被动语态的主语 2, 把动词改为被动语态形式即"be+过去分词"。 3, 原来主动语态句子中的主语,如果需要就放在by的后面以它的宾格形式出现(因为by是介词,后面需跟宾格作介词的宾语。)以指明做事的人或物,如果没有必要,可以省略。 4, 其它成分不变 5, 被动语态中"by+宾语"的省略

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被动语态一、概念：语态是动词的一种形式，它表示主语和谓语的关系。语态有两种：主动语态和被动语态。如果主语是动作的执行者，或者是说动作是由主语完成的，要用主动语态；如果主语是动作的承受者，或者是说动作不是由主语而是由其他人完成的，则用被动语态。二、主动句变为被动句的步骤： 1.把原主动句中的宾语变为被动句的主语 2.把动词变为被动形式即be +过去分词，并注意其人称和数随主语的变化，而动词的时态则保持不变。 3.原主动句的主语如需要则放在by后面以它的宾格形式出现（注代词的宾格），如不需要则可省略。 4.其它的成分（定语、状语）不变。三、被动语态的用法： 1. 一般现在时的被动语态构成：is / am / are + 及物动词的过去分词 We clean our classroom every day. My mother asks me to study hard. 2. 一般过去时的被动语态构成：was / were + 及物动词的过去分词 A new shop was built last year. 3. 现在完成时的被动语态构成：has / have + been + 及物动词的过去分词 This book has been translated into many languages. Many man-made satellites have been sent up into space by many countries. 4. 一般将来时的被动语态构成：will+ be + 及物动词的过去分词 A new hospital will be built in our city. Many more trees will be planted next year. 5. 含有情态动词的被动语态构成：情态动词+ be + 及物动词的过去分词 Young trees must be watered often. Your mistakes should be corrected right now. The door may be locked inside. Your homework can be handed in tomorrow. 6. 现在进行时的被动语态构成：am / is / are + being + 及物动词的过去分词 7. 不定式的被动语态：to + be + 及物动词的过去分词 There are two books to be read. There are twenty more trees to be planted. 3. 感官动词或使役动词使用省略to的动词不定式，主动语态中不带to ，但变为被动语态时，须加上to 。例：make somebody do something→somebody+ be +made to do something see somebody do something→somebody +be +seen to do something A girl saw my wallet drop when she passed by.→My wallet was seen to drop by a girl when she passed by. The boss made the little boy do heavy work.→The little boy was made to do heavy work by the boss. 4. 如果是接双宾语的动词改为被动语态时，可以使用直接宾语也可以使用间接宾语作被动语态句子的主语。使用直接宾语(物)作主语时，要在动词后加上介词，这个介词是由与其搭配的动词决定。 He gave me a book. →A book was given to me by him. He showed me a ticket. →A ticket was shown to me by him. My father bought me a new bike. →A new bike was bought for me by my father.

初中英语被动语态练习题

初中英语被动语态练习题 1、The PRC (found) in19 49、2、Edison ’s mother (save) after the operation、3、 I (tell) the good news yesterday、 I was pleased to hear that、4、 Dr、 Bethune went on with the operation though he (ask) to leave、5、 Very little (know) about the universe thousands of years ago、6、 He (tell) to meet some foreign friends just now、7、 He (live) in this house since it (build)、8、 Trees must (put) in the hole so that it is straight、9、 Old people must (speak) to politely、 10、Let ’s (go) home if your homework (do)、1 1、Miss Zhao usually (ask) us some questions in class but yesterday she(ask) a lot of questions by us、

12、 Tom (catch) a bad cold、 He (must take) good care of、 13、 When it (buy)? this kind of flower (water) every day?Which does Li Lei prefer, the long jump or the high jump?—Of course, the high jump、 He (know) to be good at it、 18、 Sometimes Tom (take) to school by bike, but now he (walk) to schoolby himself every morning、 19、 No more bread (need) because my mother (buy) so much of it、 20、 Stamps can (use) to send and receive letters、2 1、My bike (not work) now、 It must (mend)、 I (use) ittomorrow、 22、 Your shoes (wear) out、 But they can (mend) here、被动语态专项练习将下列句子变成被动语态 (A)

初中被动语态练习题及答案

被动语态练习题一、把下列主动语态改为被动语态： 1 We ofte n use a recorder in our En glish class. 2 They will show a new film next week. 3 When did they build the house? 4 I saw the boy en ter the room. 5 Will they show a new film next week? 6 We often see him help his classmate. 7 must turn off the light before you go to be.d 8 Who is repairi ng the bike? 9The stude nt should lear n all the texts by heart. 二、选择填空： 1. The readi ng room _______ y esterday after noon. A. clea ned B. is clea ned C. was clea ning D. was clea ned 2. The workers were made _______ ten hours a day. A. work B. to work C. worki ng D. worked 3. Food _______ i n a cool place in summer. A. must keep B. mustn ' t keep C. must be kept 6. Great cha nges A. have take n place B. have bee n take n place C. has take n place D. has bee n take n place 7. Our compositi ons must ______ next Mon day. A. be hand in B. be han ded in C. han ded in D. be handing in 8. The child will ________ b ack to his pare nts n ext mon th. A. sent B. send C. be sent D. be sending 9. _______ his work _______ yet? A. have …bee n fini shed B. has …bee n fini shed C. has …fi ni shed D. have …fini shed 10. The classroom _______ now A. is clea ning B. is being clea ning C. is being clea ned D. is clea ned 11. I promise that matter will ______ . A. be take n care B. be take n care of C. take care D. take care of 12. No permissi on has ______ for an ybody to en ter the buildi ng. A. bee n give n B. give n C. to give D. be give n 13. I ______ ten minu tes to decide whether I should reject the offer. A. gave B. was give n C. was giv ing D. had give n 14. Can such a thing ____ h appe ning aga in? A. preve nt from B. preve nted from C. be preve nted from D. to preve nt from 15. A new house _______ a t the corner of the road. A. is buildi ng B. is being built C. bee n built D. be buildi ng 16. This bike ______ last year. A. bought B. has bee n bought C. was bought D. had bee n bough 17. Did you see the house that ______ by fire last year? A. was destro ying B. destroyed C. would destroy D. was destroyed 18. It _____ whether she will get her work in the hospital. A. hasn ' t been decided B. isn ' t deciding C. doesn ' t decide D. hasn ' t decided 19. The pen me. It is hers. A. isn ' t belong to B. wasn ' t belong to C. doesn ' t belong to D. didn ' t belong to D. must n ' t be kept 4. His father A. sent to work in Hong Kong 3 years ago. C. has sent D. has bee n sent B. was sent 5. The pen A. writes well. B. is writte n C. was writte n D. writ ing in the tow n si nee 1988.