英语专业八级写作指导(for students)
Writing
Directions: “Marks will be awarded for content, organization, grammar and appropriateness. Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks”.
英语专八作文评分标准
评价一篇八级作文的得分多少，大致可以参照以下四个标准来确定:内容(content)、组织(organization)、语法(grammar)和得体性(appropriateness).这四个标准中，前两个标准是关于内容结构的，属于谋篇布局部分，后两个是关于语言的，属于表达部分。在八级考试的作文评阅中，一般将作文分为五个等级:
第五级：化秀作文(effective communication with accuracies)这样的作丈观点清楚，结构合理，内容充实，语言运用得体，基本没有语言错误.得分在18-20分。
第四级：良好作文(good communication with few inaccuracies)这样的作文观点明确，结构合理，内容充实，语言运用较得体，稍有语言错误。得分在15-17分。
第三级：尚可作文(passable communication with some inaccuracies)这样的作文观点明确，结构完整，内容尚可，语言运
用的得体性一般，语言错误不少，影响到作文的理解.得分在14-12分。
第二级：问题作文(problematic communication with frequent inaccuracies)这样的作丈观点不甚明确，结构不完整，内容匮乏，语言得体性较差，语言错误较多，影响到作文的理解.得分在11-9分。
第一级：失败作文(almost no communication)这样的作丈基本没有达到写作要求，几乎无结构和内容可言，通篇充斥语言错误，无语言得体性可言，作文难以理解.得分在8-6分或以下。
全球化globalization
高科技产品high-tech products
盗版pirated products
可持续发展sustainable development
素质教育education for all-round development
quality-oriented education
学生减负to reduce study load
上网get on line / surf the net
网民netizen ( net citizen )
加入China’s entry into WTO
申办奥运会bid for the Olympic Games
小康relatively comfortable living standard
安居工程housing project for low-income urban residents
再就业工程reemployment project
假冒伪劣商品fake commodities
腐败现象corruption phenomenon
信息化information-based; informationization 下岗职工laid-off workers
资源枯竭resources exhaustion
环保意识environmental awareness
美容手术cosmetic surgery
如要表示“我认为”，不要仅依靠I think:
I believe I suppose I maintain I claim I argue I’m convinced that, I’m of the opinion that, I hold the view that
As for me, As far as I’m concerned, As far as I can see,
如要表示“重要的”，不要仅依靠important:
significant, vital, essential, crucial, be of great importance, figure prominently/largely It is … that counts.
play a key role, should be taken seriously, attach great importance to
如要表示“关于”，不要仅依靠about:
concerning, regarding, as regards, as to, with regard to
with reference to, relevant to, related to, involve ,
have connection with, have something to do with
如要表示“说明”，不要仅依靠show:
indicate, reveal, demonstrate, convey, suggest, illustrate
如要表示“使”,不要仅依靠make:
a.This society still makes women unable to enjoy equal
rights.
b.Women are still denied equal rights.
a.The incident made me recall one of my past
experiences.
b.The incident reminded me of one of my past
experiences.
如要表达“越来越”，不要只使用more and more:
a. More and more students find learning English has become more and more difficult.
b. Students in growing numbers find learning has become increasingly difficult.
a.More and more teenagers smoke cigarettes in recent
years.
b.Teenage smoking is on the rise in recent years.
a.More and more teachers are demanded with the
development of economy.
b.There is an increasing demand for teachers with the
development of economy.
如要表达“大多数”，不要一味使用most:
a.Most students take part-time job after class.
b.The vast majority of students take a part-time job
after class.
a.Most people take part in sports of different kinds.
b.The considerable proportion of people takes part in
sport of different kinds.
a.Most college students take a negative attitude towards
smoking.
b.The large percentage of college population take a
negative attitude towards smoking
如要表达“不仅…，而且…”，不要只使用not only…but also:
a.The factors for a rise in teenage smoking are not only
social but also psychological.
b.The factors for a rise in teenage smoking are
psychological as well as social.
a.Taking a part-time job can not only earn a little
money, but also have an opportunity to contact with
society.
b.Taking a part-time job means more than a little
money you can earn. It also means an opportunity to
contact with society.
a.Old people go to park not only to do exercise but also
to make friends.
b.Old people go to park as much for companionship as
for exercise.
不要总是以有生命的名词和人称代词开头（受汉语表达习惯的影响，不少考生总喜欢以I, People, We 等开头），
a.Many people think birth control is quite necessary in
China.
b.It is widely(commonly,generally)
thought/believed/held/accepted that birth control is quite necessary in China.
a.More and more people agree (realize/are aware) that
women should enjoy full equality with men.
b.There is a growing agreement (realization/awareness)
that women should enjoy full equality with men.
a.Many Chinese people have gone to the United States in
the past 15 years.
b.The past 15 years have brought many Chinese people
to United States.
a.We almost forget this event.
b.This event is now almost fading from our memory.
a.Students should certainly make continuous efforts.
b.Continuous efforts on the part of students are certainly
required.
a. We easily drew the conclusion through the
investigation.
b. The investigation easily led us to the conclusion.
不要千篇一律的使用主动态（英语中被动结构的使用频率远高于汉语），
a)We are making great efforts to improve our English.
b)Great efforts are being made to improve our English.
a)We know very little about the nature of human beings.
b)Little is known about the nature of human beings.
a)Because of social demands, there appear many evening
schools.
b)Many evening schools are called into existence by social
demands.
Social demands give rise to the emergence of many evening schools.
a)We may think more of the elderly who live apart from
their children.
b)More thought may be given to the elderly who live apart
from their children.
不要总是用if（如果）,because（因为）,when（当）等口语意味较重的句子，要注意使用书面语体的句子，
a)If you compare bicycles with cars carefully, you will find
bicycles are superior to cars.
b)Careful comparison of bicycles with cars will show the
superiority of the former over the latter.
a)If we only apply book knowledge, we will not get good
results.
b)The application of book knowledge alone won’t bring you
good results.
a)If we can better understand the greater pressure of
population growth, we will have a correct attitude towards family planning.
b)A better understanding of the greater pressure of
population growth is essential to a correct attitude towards family planning.
a)When a woman sees that she is going to be laid off, she
begins to worry all day and night.
b)The mere prospect of lay-off would set a woman to worry
all day and night.
a. When our teacher had left, the heated discussion then ended
b. The departure of our teacher brought the heated
discussion to an end.
a)Only when we make continuous efforts, can we seize an
opportunity when it occurs.
b)Continuous efforts must be made before it is possible for
us to seize an opportunity when it occurs.
a)Because we cannot apply book knowledge to practice, we
cannot handle real problems in society.
b)The inability to apply book knowledge to practice
prevents us from handling real problems in society.
a)Because the decision recognizes the right of students, so
they all welcome it.
b)Students all welcome the decision which recognizes their
rights.
不要对动词过分依赖；要学会用名词结构来表达意思.
a)The style of living has become more and more popular
and accepted by more and more young people.
b)The style of living has found its growing popularity and
acceptance among young people.
a)It is time for us to revise educational system and then
provide it to our society.
b)It is time for us to provide our society a revised
educational system.
a)If we are watching too much TV, our reading ability will
be seriously affected.
b)Heavy exposure to TV will exert a negative effect on our
reading ability.
a)If we don’t recognize the serious problem of growing
population, we will make a big mistake.
b)Failure to recognize the seriousness of growing
population will lead to a big mistake.
不要总是用肯定句来表达，要学会用否定句来表达肯定的意思
a)Every young boy and girl wants to earn a little money to
help cover higher college cost.
b)There is hardly a young boy and girl who doesn’t want to
earn a little money to help cover higher college cost.
a)Whenever you pick up a newspaper, you will always find
advertisements.
b)It is impossible to pick up a newspaper without finding
advertisements.
a)Gathering around and listening to mother or father read a
good story is the best pastimes to bring a family closer together.
b)Few pastimes bring a family closer together than
gathering around and listening to mother or father read a good story.
a)Food is the most basic issue to individual and national
survival.
b)No issue is as basic to individual and national survival as
food.
恰当的使用排比、平行句
To err is human, to forgive, divine.
a.I am in favor of equal rights for women. I think
women should especially have the right to compete with men for jobs on equal terms. They should get the same pay as men for the same job. They should also have equal opportunities for promotion.
b.I am in favor of equal right for women, especially the
right to compete with men for jobs on equal terms, the right to get the same pay as men for the same job, and the right to equal opportunities for promotion.
a.The nationwide controversy over the current reforms
will test the courage of our people. Through the controversy we can also see the determination of our government.
b.The nationwide controversy over the current reforms
will test the courage of our people and the determination of our government.
a.For the first time in history Chinese citizens held such
power in their own hands. In the past they have never been allowed such vigorous and unrestrained debate on politics.
b.Never before in history have Chinese citizens held such
power in their own hands. Never before in history have they been allowed such vigorous and unrestrained debate on politics.
建议：一定要背会一些常见句型，以减少语法错误。考生要在短短40分钟内写出200 词的作文，如果考前不做准备，考试中紧张，自然写出的作文枯燥无味，还多语法错，而如果考生已经背了一部分固定的语句，临场再加进与内容相关的一部分，就胜券在握了。
1．There is no denying that 毋庸置疑
2．It is universally acknowledged that 普遍认为
3．It goes without saying that 不言而喻
4．Nowadays, with the rapid development of science and technology (modern civilization, market economy),
there is a growing concern over （awareness of）….
5．Never before in history has the issue of …been more evident than now.
6．When it comes to …, people’s notions vary from one to another. Recently a sensational debate has taken place
as to whether…or ….
7．…is a classic example of success. (is a case in point.)
I cannot think of no better illustrations than the
following ones.
8．Generally speaking, there are three primary factors accounting for the change.
9．Why does this phenomenon take place? People tend to focus on(concentrate) three fundamental factors.
10．Taking into account all the above factors, we can safely draw a conclusion that…
11．On the basis of the above analyses, we can confidently predict the future tendency. There is no denying that …
will continue in the better direction (will be on the rise).
12．It is essential to heed warnings of potentially catastrophic consequences associated with …and, in
turn, to attach top priority in finding effective solutions
to ensure a brighter future.
11种段落起始段 1 话题引出段
2 现状说明段
3 图画图表描述段
扩展段 4 观点对比段
5 利弊说明段
6 举例说明段
7 原因列举段
8 意义阐释段
结论段9 归纳结论段
10 预测趋势段
11 建议措施段
建议：把各种段落模式烂熟于心，以不变应万变。
专四满分作文
New concepts always penetrate our daily lives without being noticed. When most of us are accustomed to spending the spare time reading, more and more college students begin to take part-time job either inside or outside the campus. It is my constant belief that its pros outweigh its cons; by that I mean, it has far more potential advantages than disadvantages that can be minimized.
Firstly, a part-time job provide a student with a chance to practice what he has learned from books, especially in the fields such as economics, engineering and teaching. Practice
makes perfect. Secondly, it can help the students to be economically independent of their parents, although sometimes just partially. On the one hand, parents may have a lighter burden of the college tuitions and miscellaneous expenses of their sons or daughters than they used to have. On the other hand, we students will realize that money comes not as easily as we think, thus develop good habits of not wasting it. And finally, if we can balance the time spent on both the study and the work, it won’t become the cause of failure in academic study. What’s more, a part time job may make our campus life more exciting.
In view of the proceeding paragraph, I would like to recommend that every student take a part-time job, if possible.
专八满分作文
Writing Task （45mins）20% (2006)
Joseph Epstein, a famous writer, once said, “We decide what is important and what is trivial in life. We decide (so) that what makes us significant is either what we do or what we refuse to do. But no matter how indifferent the universe may be to our choices and decisions, these
choices and decisions are ours to make. We decide. We choose. And as we decide and choose, so are our lives formed. In the end, forming our own destiny is what ambition is about.’Do you agree or disagree with him?
Write an essay about 400 words entitled:
Ambition
Nowhere is the word ambition so vividly and accurately defined than in Joseph Epstein’s comment that “in the end, forming our own destiny is what ambition is about.”A cosmetic definition as it seems, however, Epstein’s words can, on the whole, be interpreted and summarized into one sentence: to be ambitious is to strive for our own personal goals set upon our own values regardless of the possible outcome and controversy. In other words, the two indispensable parts of ambition include: firstly, making your own unique targets; secondly, persisting in achieving these aims without being distracted by others’ridicule and scorn.
To begin with, visualizing your personal goals instead of drifting among the mass is, undoubtedly,the very
prerequisite of the fulfillment of your aims. The reason for this is simple. We ourselves are the best judges of our capabilities and potentials. And the same voice is echoed in that “we decide what is important and what is trivial in life.”Madame Currie could never have achieved so many honors and breakthroughs in science and the discovery of radium if she took the same path as majority of the women in her time. It was her decision to devote her time and energy to science not household chores that made her stand out so prominently. On the other hand, she might have been just as plain and mundane as other women if she did not match herself with her personal aspirations and goals. Therefore, having your own goals is essential to the realization of ambition.
Then there is the issue of how one should pursue these goals. Again Epstein gave a perfect explanation that “but no matter how indifferent the universe may be to our choices and decisions, these decisions and choices are ours to make.”An excellent statement. There are times when we give up our beliefs and aims simply because of a different perspective of someone else and
there are definitely days when we feel frustrated and beaten in face of scathing scorn from the world. Yet Epstein shows us a higher path on which we are encouraged to stick to our ways and endure in spite of all possible criticism and indifference. And history has proved so many times that persistence regardless of hardship and ridicule wins us victory. Thus it is safe to say that persistence and a firm belief of self is an integral part of ambition.
Of course, Joseph Epstein’s quotation is definitely richer in content and intended messages than what I have illustrated and developed above, however, the essence of his saying, that ambition is of our own choosing and that we ought to hold fast to it make its way through close scrutiny and prevail.
The Important Role of a City’s Local Conditions in the Urban Design
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英语专业八级真题
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