Unit 6 How long have you been collecting shells？教案 鲁教版八年级上
课题 Unit 6 How long have you been collecting shells?
period 1
（知识 能力 品德
） 教
学
目
标 Topic: Hobbies
Functions: Talk about how long you have been doing things Structure: Present prefect progressive Simple past tense Present progressive tense
Target language: How long have you been skating?
（重点 难点） 教
材
分
析
Target language:
How long have you been skating? I’ve been skating since nine o’clock. When did you start skating? I started skating at nine o’clock.
Students are skating at the Hilltop School. 板书
设计
示意
框图
Unit 6 How long have you been collecting shells? How long have you been skating? I’ve been skating since nine o’clock. When did you start skating? I started skating at nine o’clock. Students are skating at the Hilltop School. 时序 教学操作过程设计（重点写怎么教及学法指导，含课练，作业安排）
Step 1. Present Perfect Progressive
Present perfect progressive tense describes an action that began in the
past, continues in the present, and may continue into the future. This
tense is formed by using has/have been and the present participle of the
verb (the verb form ending in -ing).
The CEO has been considering a transfer to the state of Texas where
profits would be larger.
Step2. 现在完成进行时 Present Perfect Continuous Tense
过去发生的动作，刚刚结束或最近刚结束（因此，有一个结果就出现在现在）。
注意，与现在完成时的不同，现在完成时指的是状态；而这里强调的是动作。
与现在完成时相同的地方都是强调对现在的影响。一般来说，用于如下两种情
况：
1.过去的动作刚刚结束，对现在有影响。例如： I am very tired because I have
been running.
2.从过去一直持续到现在的动作。I have been working for 8 hours. She has
been waiting since last night.这里的for和since用法和现在完成时相同。
Step3. 与现在完成时的区别：
现在完成时表示到现在为止，动作完成了，而现在完成进行时表示的是一直持
续到现在的动作，是比较如下两个句子：
I have just read Tolstoy's "War and Peace". →我已经读过了托尔斯泰的
《战争与和平》。（已经读完了）
课题Unit 6 How long have you been collecting shells?
period 1
I have been reading Tolstoy's "War and Peace"→我一直在读托尔斯泰的《战争与和平》。（从过去开始读，现在还没有读完）
当然，也有意思基本相同的情况：
I have lived in Japan for 3 years.=I have been living in Japan for 3 years. Step 3. 怎样区别现在完成时和现在完成进行时
比较一下现在完成时和现在完成进行时。在比较这两个时态时，关键在于对现在完成进行时的基本概念是否理解，因为对于现在完成时我们已经有了一个基本的理解了。
现在完成进行时是一兼有现在完成时和现在进行时二者基本特点的时态。由于它有现在完成时的特点，所以它可以表示某一动作对现在产生的结果或影响。由于它有现在进行时的特点，所以它也可以表示某一动作的延续性、临时性、重复性、生动性乃至感情色彩。
现在就现在完成进行时的这些特点和现在完成时作一简单的比较：
（1）现在完成进行时和现在完成时皆可表示动作对现在产生的结果，但前者所表示的结果是直接的，而后者所表示的则是最后的结果。如：
We have been cleaning the classroom．（a）
We have cleaned the classroom．（b）
（a）句可译为“我们打扫教室来着。”其直接结果可能是：我们身上都是灰。（b）句可以译为“我们把教室打扫过了。”其结果是：现在教室很清洁，可以用了。又，（a）句表示教室刚刚打扫过，（b）句则可能表示教室是昨天打扫的。
Be careful! John has been painting the door．（a）
John has painted the door．（b）
（a）句表示约翰刚刚把门油漆过，现在油漆还未干，所以你要小心。（b）句则无此含义，油漆可能已干了。
（2）现在完成进行时有时有延续性，现在完成时往往没有。如：
They have been widening the road．（a）
They have widened the road．（b）
（a）句的意思是他们在加宽马路，但尚未完工。（b）句的意思则是已完工了。有时现在完成时有延续性（如一些属于持续体的动词），但无临时性质。如：
Mr. Smith has been living in London since 1978．（a）
Mr. Smith has lived in London since 1979．（b）
（a）句有“史密斯先生在伦敦久居”的含义，（b）句则没有。
教
学
后记
课题 Unit 6 How long have you been collecting shells? period
2 （知识 能力 品德
） 教
学
目
标 Topic: Hobbies Functions: Talk about how long you have been doing things Structure: Present prefect progressive Simple past tense Present progressive tense Learning Strategies: Inducing , Cooperating
（重点 难点） 教
材
分
析
Target language:
How long have you been skating? I’ve been skating since nine o’clock. When did you start skating? I started skating at nine o’clock.
Students are skating at the Hilltop School. 板书
设计
示意
框图
Unit 6 How long have you been collecting shells? How long have you been skating? I’ve been skating since nine o’clock. When did you start skating? I started skating at nine o’clock. Students are skating at the Hilltop School. 时序 教学操作过程设计（重点写怎么教及学法指导，含课练，作业安排）
现在完成进行时
现在完成进行时并不总是具有临时的性质，如：
My mother has been teaching English for twenty years．（a）
My mother has taught English for twenty years.（b）
（a）句在此并无临时性质，但较口语化。（b）句则较为正式。又，（a）句表
示动作现在仍在继续．并将延续下去，（b）句的动作是否延续下去，须由上下
文决定，但在一般情况下都是延续下去的。
（4）现在完成进行时往往表示动作在重复，现在完成时则常常不带重复性。如：
Have you been meeting her lately？（a）
Have you met her lately？（b）
（a）句有“经常相会”之意，（b）句则没有。（b）句如与often，every day
等时间状语连用，当然也表示动作在重复。（5）现在完成进行时比较生动，有
时含有明显的感情色彩，而现在完成时往往只说明一个事实，一种影响或结果，
平铺直叙，没有什么感情色彩可言。如：
What have you been doing？（a）
What have you done？（b）
（a）句表示惊异。（b）句只是一个问题。
Have you been waiting long？（a）
Have you waited long？（b）
（a）句较（b）句生动。又，（a）句比较口语化。
课题Unit 6 How long have you been collecting shells? period 2
I have been wanting to meet you for long．（a）
I have long wanted to meet you．（b）
（a）句比（b）句更亲切，更有礼貌。
Recently Mary has been doing her work regularly．（a）
Recently Mary has done her work regularly．（b）
（a）句显然是在表扬玛丽。（b）只说明一个事实。
下面还有一例，颇为有趣:
Who's been eating my apples？（a）
Who's eaten my apples？（b）
（a）句有强烈的感情色彩，表示愤怒不满，（b）句只是希望回答的一个问题。又，（a）句兼有进行时态，所以有“苹果未被全部吃光”的意思，（b）句是完成时态，说明“苹果一个不剩了”。
现在完成时是形容现在已经完成的事,比如 I have finished my homework.
现在完成进行时是形容到现在为止一直在进行并且要继续下去的事,比如I have been learning English for seven years.
这两个时态总的来说是不同的。现在完成时常常表示动作已经完成，而现在完成进行时表示动作还要继续下去。有的动词只能用于现在完成时，不能用于现在完成进行时，如：I have known him for many years.有少数动词确实两种形式都有,虽有差别,但意义差别不大.又如：I have taught here for 15 years.(时间只算到现在,但很有可能还要在这儿教下去.)
I have been teaching here for 15 years.(我一直还要教下去.)
一些常见的爱好和特别爱好
What’s your hobby?
What are the most common hobbies? (最常见的爱好有哪些呢？)
1）Common hobbies: collecting stamps; collecting shells; playing ball games（球类运动）; playing PC games（玩电脑游戏）; surfing the internet(上网); listeningto music; watching English movies;
2）Unusual hobbies: collecting old coins; collecting snow globes; making kites; What hobby would you like to try?