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高考虚拟语气用法归纳

高考虚拟语气用法归纳
高考虚拟语气用法归纳

高考虚拟语气用法归纳

在高三辅导学生备考过程中发现学生理解掌握和运用虑拟语气存在较大困难。下面将结合学生及备考实际,对虚拟语气进行较全面的归纳,并配以适当的例句和练习。

一、帮助学生理解语气的涵义、种类、辨别各种不同的语气。

语气是动词的又一种形式,通过说话人所说的话体现出说话人对某一个动作或状态所持的态度和看法。英语中有三种语气:

1.陈述语气——用来陈述事实,广泛用于陈述句和疑问句中。现行中学英语教材中,绝大部分句子均属陈述句语气,句中谓语动词有各种时态和语态变化。

2.祈使语气——用来提出请求、要求、发出命令等,只用于祈使句。

3.虚拟语气——用于表达一种假设情况、主观愿望、请求建议等,即所说内容与事实相反,或者实现的可能性极小,或者是假想虑拟的情况。

(练习)判断下列各句属于哪种语气。

①Onthewayup,Iambusytakingpictures.

②Nike,fetchmesomenewspapers.

③WhatifIwereyou?

④Don’tforgettoturnoffthelight.

⑤Healwaystakesh iswifeseriously.

⑥IwishIwouldflytothemoon.

Answers:①陈述语气。②祈使语气③虚拟语气

④祈使语气⑤陈述语气⑥虚拟语气

二、理解虚拟语气在非真实条件句中的三种典型构成与用法,并能熟练运用

条件句指主从复合句中的条件状语从句,分为真实条件句和非真实条件句两种。真实条件句表示所叙述的内容是事实,或者完全可能成为现实,句子中的谓语动词用陈述语气;非真实条件句表示所叙述的内容与事实相反或实现的可能性极小,句子中的谓语动词用虚拟语气。(练习)判断下列各句属于哪种条件句。

①Ifhedoesn’thurry,hemissthebus.

②IfIwereyou,Iwouldaccepthisoffer.

③IfIhavetime,Iwillcome.

④Ifyouhadn’tcometohisschool,Iwouldn’thaveknownyou. Answers:①真实条件句②非真实条件句

③真实条件句④非真实条件句

下面讨论虚拟语气在非真实条件句中的三种构成和用法。

1.句子叙述的内容是对现在情况的假设,实际上不存在,或者说与现在的事实相反,其构成是:

if从句…过去式(be用were)…;

主句:…would+动词原形…

should/could/might…

例句:①Ifhisgrandmawerestillalive,shemightbeoverninety.

②Ifnooneknewthismatter,howniceitwouldbe!

③IfIwereyou,Iwouldrefusehim.

④Ifmenhadwings,theywouldfly.

(练习)用恰当的词完成句子。

①Ifyou_____alittlelonger,howniceit________!

②Ifhe______here,everything______allright!

③What_____you_____ifyou_____inhisshoes?

④We_______muchbetterifwe______nopressure.

Answers:①couldstay…wouldbe…

②were…wouldbe…

③would…do…were…

④shouldfeel…had…

2.句子所叙述的内容是对将来情况的假设,但在将来实现的可能性不大,或者与将来可能的事实相反,其构成是:

if从句:…过去式(be用were)…

…wereto+动词原形…

主句:…would+动词原形…

should/could/might+动词原形……

例句:①Ifyouhadbeenmorecareful,youwouldn’thavefailed.

②Ifshehadtakenpartinthemorningexercises,shewouldn’thavebeensoweak.

③IfIhadknownyournumber,Iwouldhaverangyouup.

④Ifyouhadn’tdoneit,youwouldn’thaveregretted.

三、认识两各种较复杂的条件句及if的省略问题。

1.错综时间条件句

在以上三种情况中,主句与从句在时间上是一致的,即主、从句所叙述内容都与现在、过去或将来事实相反。

但有时主句与从句在时间上并不一致,即主句与过去事实相反,从句与现在实事相反,或者主句与现在事实相反,从句与过去事实相反,这种条件叫错综条件时间条件句。主句和从句的谓语动词的虚拟语气要根据时间的不同来调整。

例句:①IwouldbeathomenowifIhadstartedearly.

②Ifyouhadhadless,youwouldn’tbesofatnow.

③Ifhehadtakenthedoctor’sadvice,hewouldn’tbesoseriousnow.

④含蓄条件句

假设的情况有时不是用条件句表示出来,而是隐含在一个介词短语中或者上下文中,或者在其它表达方式中,这种条件叫含蓄条件。带有含蓄条件的句子或主从句也要按虚拟语气处理。识别这类虚拟语气句的关键是能否快速准确地辨认出含蓄条件。

例句:

①Withoutelectricity,therewouldbenomodernindustry.

②Butforyourcooperation,wecouldnothavesucceededinourexp eriment.

③Butthatshewasafraid,shewouldhavesaidno..

3.非真实条件句中连词if的省略。

在正式文体中,if从句中的if可以省略,省略if后,从句必须倒装,即把were,should,had提到主语前面。需要注意的是,如果有not,not不提前。

四、认识虚拟语气在某些从句及特殊句式中的使用

1.用在表达要求、建议、命令或主张等动词、名词、形容词或-ed分词后的从句(宾语从句、主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句)中时,虚拟语气的构成是should+动词原形,should可能省略。此种用法的关键是熟悉表示要求、建议、命令或主张等的词及其相互之间的转化。

例句:①HeinsistedthatJohn(shoul d)dothejob.

②Itwassuggestedthatthemeeting(should)notbepostponed.

③Hisoderthatmedicines(should)besenttherebyplanehascome attherighttime.

④Itisnecessarythatyoushouldbepresentatthediscussion.

注意:如果这些词表达的不是“要求、建议、命令主张”等意义而是其它词义,从句就不用虚拟语气,而要用陈述语气。

例:①H einsistedthatIwaswrong.

②Theexpressiononherfacesuggestedthatsheknewthesecret.

2.用在wish之后的英语从句中。由于wish之后的英语从句表示愿望实现的可能性极小,或者与可能的事实相反,因此需要用虚拟语气,

其构成用三种情况:若宾语从句的动作或状态与wish同时发生,用过去式(be用were),先于wish时,用had+过去分词,在wish 之后时,用would/could+动词原形。这类句子中的wish可以理解为“希望”、“但愿”、“要是……就好了”。

例如:①IwishIwereasyoungasyou.

②Howtheywisheditwerenotrainingthen.

③Iwishthattherainwouldstop.

(练习):用恰当的词完成句子。

①Iwishthathe_______badly_________.但愿他伤的不重。

②Wewishthatwe________time.希望我们没有浪费时间。

③IwishI______theaddress.要是我记得地址就好了。Answers:①hadnotbeen……hurt②hadnotwasted

③remembered

3.用在wouldrather/wouldsooner后面的从句中,意思是“要是……就好了”\“宁愿”。其构成取决于从句的内容与现在或将来事实相反,动词用过去式(be用were);与过去事实相反,动词用had+过去分词。

例句:①I’dratheryouweremygirlfriend.

②I’dsooneryouwantthere.

③I’dratheryouhadn’tdoneit.

4、用在Itishigh/about)time后的从句中,动词用过去式,含有建议的意味。

例句:Itis(high)timethatwebegantowork.

Itis(about)timethatchildrenwenttoschool.

5.用在asif/though引导的状语从句或者表语从句中,此时从句所述内容与事实相反,或实现的可能性很小,其构成与wish后的宾语从句相同。但如果可能性很大,还是要用陈述语气。

例句:shelovesthechildrenasiftheywereherown.Shelooksasifshewou ldcry.

Itlooksasifitisgoingtorain.

6.用在incase/lest/for/fearthat等引导的状语从句中,构成是should+动词原形,should不能省,这些状语从句也可以用陈述语气。

例句:Hetookhisraincoathimincaseitshouldrain. Sheputablanketoverthebabyforfearthatheshouldcatchcold.

7、用在Ifonly等词引导的从句中,其构成与wish后的宾语从句相同。

例句:IfonlyIhadonemillion. Ifonlyhecouldcometomorrow.

Ifonlyyouhadn’tdoneit.

高考虚拟语气用法详解()

高考虚拟语气用法详解 一·语气概述 和时态语态一样,语气也是谓语动词的一种形式,它表明说话者的目的和意图。英语中有三种语气:陈述语气,祈使语气和虚拟语气。(有的语法书说语气有四种,即还包括疑问语气)。 eg:①He doesn’t see very well in his right eye .他右眼视力不太好。(陈述语气) ②Have they ever been to Australia ?他们去过澳大利亚没有?(疑问语气) ③Please read through the instruction in advance .请先通读说明书。(祈使语 气) 二·虚拟语气概述 在英语中,由于说话人的意图不同,动词需用不同的形式,称为语气。虚拟语气是指说话人表示一种假设的情况,一种愿望,怀疑,推测,请求等,即认为动词所表示的动作或状态并非事实。虚拟语气可用于状语从句,名词性从句,定语从句及其他结构中。 三·非真实条件句中的虚拟语气 真实条件句(遵循主将从现原则) A.由If引导的两种条件句: 非真实条件句(虚拟语气) 以下为If在非真实条件句中虚拟语气的形式和用法: 假设类型If从句主句 与现在事实相反did (be用were)should/would/ could/might do 与过去事实相反had done should/would/ could/might have done 与将来事实相反1)did 2)were to do 3)should do should/would/ could/might do eg:①If I were you ,I would reconsider their advice .如果我是你的话,我会重新考虑他们的意见。(与现在事实相反) ②You would not have caught a cold if you had put on more clothes .如果你多穿了些衣服,你就不会得感冒了。(与过去事实相反)

可用虚拟语气的用法总结

虚拟语气的用法总结 语气:语气是动词的一中形式,它表示说话人对某一行为或事情的看法和态度。 虚拟语气表示动作或状态不是客观存在的事实,而是说话人的主观愿望,假设或推测等。如If I were you, I should study English. 一.虚拟语气在条件从句的用法 条件句有两类,一类是真实条件句;一类是非真实条件句,也就是虚拟条件句。 如果假设的情况是有可能发生的,就是真实条件句,谓语要用陈述语气。如If it doesn’t rain tomorrow, we will go to the park. 如果假设的情况是过去或现在都不存在的,或将来不大可能发生的,则是虚拟条件句。如If he had seen you yesterday, he would have asked you about it. 在含有虚拟条件句的复合句中,主句 If her mother had taken the doctor’s advice, she would/might have got well earlier. If it were to rain tomorrow, the match would be canceled. 有时候省略if,采用局部倒装语序。把had /should/were 等动词(不包括行为动词)移到从句的句首。例如: Were it to rain tomorrow, our picnic would be canceled. Had it not been for the storm, we would have arrived in time. Should the earth stop running, what would happen? 二. 错综时间条件句 有时条件从句的动作和主句动作发生的时间不一致,这时需要根据意思采用表示不同时间的动词形式来进行调整。 If she had taken the doctor’s advice, she might still be alive. If I were you, I would have accepted their terms. 三.含蓄条件句

虚拟语气表格总结版

虚拟语气 一、虚拟语气用于非真实条件句 (一)形式 I.动词的语气简介: 语气——表示说话人对说话内容的看法的一种语法范畴。在英语中,可用不同的动词形式表示说话的语气。 ?虚拟语气——与事实相反,表达的是怀疑、忧虑推测、祝愿等。 II.虚拟语气的运用 一、在if条件从句中的运用 (一)表格及注意事项 ?注: ? 1. 目前,虚拟语气的were除了在If I were you 的结构中不能改动外,其他有些情况可以用was。 ? 2. 如果表示否定的意思,多用过去时结构,用should和were to较少。

(二)、虚拟条件句中的省略和倒装 若符合下列条件,可以省略if: ? 1.必须是非真实条件句,并且有时,才可以省略if. ? 2.省略if时,主语与的位置必须相互调换。 例: (1)万一我见到她,我会告诉她的。 If I should meet her, I would tell her. (2)如果我处在你的位置上,我会做得更好。 If I were in your position, I would do it better. (3)如果他们准备了的话,他们应该能成功的。 If they had made preparations, they would have succeeded. (三)含蓄条件句 假设情况不以if条件句表现出来,而是通过某个介词或介词短语,不定式表现出来。如with,without,but,but for,otherwise等。根据句子要表达的事态,选择相应的虚拟语气的形式。 I lost her phone number, otherwise I her up. 我弄丢了她的电话号码,否则我就能打给她了 If I had not lost her phone number… But for your help, I would not have the chance to go to school. 要不是有你的帮助,我不会有机会去学校的。 If you had not helped me… I was away that day, otherwise I ____ the lecture. A.had attended B.would have attended C.would attend D.attended 例:(1)我们在那个小村庄中迷路了,否则昨天我们还能去更多有趣的地方地方。 (2)我本来可以帮你的,但是我太忙了。 二、用在宾语从句中的虚拟语气 (一)在wish引导的宾语从句中,表示未能实现或不可能实现的愿望,用虚拟语气。主句

高考英语虚拟语气的用法总结

高考英语虚拟语气的用法总结 语气:语气是动词的一中形式,它表示说话人对某一行为或事情的看法和态度。 语气的种类: (1)陈述语气表示动作或状态是现实的,确定的或符合事实的,用于陈述句,疑问句和某些感叹句。如We are ready. What a fine day it is! (2)祈使语气表示说话人的建议,请求,邀请,命令等。如Open the door, Please. 应注意以下几点: 1.主语通常是第二人称you,但多不出现,动词用原形,否定用do not 或者don’t 加动词原形(或be) 如Be careful next time. Don’t smoke here. 2.有时为了强调,主语也可以出现,而且可以是第三人称,谓语动词不加-s或者-es 如You be quiet. He stand up. 3.祈使语气可以用do加强语气如Do come to see this Sunday. 4.在Let’s 的祈使句后,疑问部分通常用shall we;在Let us后,疑问部分用will you 如Let’s go out for a walk after supper,shall we? /Let us clean our classroom, will you? 5.祈使句与连词and连用时相当于一个条件句,而and之后则是表示结果。如Think hard and you will have a good idea. (3)虚拟语气表示动作或状态不是客观存在的事实,而是说话人的主观愿望,假设或推测等。如If I were you, I should study English. 一.虚拟语气在条件从句的用法 条件句有两类,一类是真实条件句;一类是非真实条件句,也就是虚拟条件句。 如果假设的情况是有可能发生的,就是真实条件句,谓语要用陈述语气。如If it doesn’t rain tomorrow, we will go to the park. 如果假设的情况是过去或现在都不存在的,或将来不大可能发生的,则是虚拟条件句。如If he had seen you yesterday, he would have asked you about it. 在含有虚拟条件句的复合句中,主句和从句的谓语都要用虚拟 例如:If he were here, everything would be all right. If her mother had taken the doctor’s advice, she would/might have got well earlier. If it were to rain tomorrow, the match would be canceled. 有时候省略if,采用局部倒装语序。把had /should/were 等动词(不包括行为动词)移到从句的句首。例如:

高考英语最新虚拟语气知识点解析含答案(1)

高考英语最新虚拟语气知识点解析含答案(1) 一、选择题 1.Look at the trouble you are in!_______your parents’ advice. A.If only you would have followed B.If only you followed C.If only you would follow D.If only you had followed 2.If penicillin available, many people from sickness or even small wounds in World WarⅡ. A.was not; would die B.were not; would have died C.had not been; would died D.had not been; would have died 3.Had electronic computers not been invented, many problems of space flight . A.could not have solved B.could not be solved C.can not have been solved D.could not have been solved 4.What do you think of the proposal that improvement ____ in the type of vacuum cleaner? A.be made B.will be made C.would be made D.has to be made 5.—Oh, dear. I’m really ve ry busy now. —Would you rather that I to you about my experience at school? A.shouldn’t speak B.didn’t speak C.don’t speak D.won’t speak 6.The snowstorm sweeping across California delayed my flight, otherwise I _____ in Hawaii sunbathing on the beach now. A.would be B.could have been C.will be D.might have been 7.It is time that we ________ a decision on how to approach this problem. A.make B.made C.to make D.will make 8.I ______ to you at that time, but I didn’t know where you lived. A.had written B.wrote C.would write D.would have written 9.It is recommended that the project ______ until all the preparations have been made. A.is not started B.will not be started C.not be started D.is not to be started 10.The board thought it urgent that these files _____ right away. A.printed B.had been printed C.would been printed D.be printed 11.--- Are you happy now? --- If only I _____ slimmer, more beautiful, richer, more clever. A.am B.were C.had been D.should be 12.-You came second in the running race. Congratulations! -Thanks. But practising more, I _______ a different result. A.might get B.may get C.may have got D.might have got 13.-Where are the children? The school bus is leaving. - I wish they ______ always late. A.aren’t B.weren’t C.wouldn’t be D.hadn’t be en 14.________, the damage would be incalculable.

高考英语虚拟语气语法专项讲解

虚拟语气 一、考点聚焦 1、虚拟语气用于条件状语从句中 (1)表示与现在事实相反的假设,条件状语从句中的谓语动词用“过去式(be动词的过去式用were)”,而主句中的谓语动词用“would / should/ could / might + 动词原形”。如:If I were a boy, I would join the army. If the had time, she should go with you. (2)表示与过去的事实相反,条件状语从句中的谓语动词用过去完成时,主句中的谓语动词则用“would / should / might / could + have +过去分词”。如: If he had taken my advice, he would have succeeded in the competition. (3)表示与将来事实相反,条件状语从句中的谓语动词一般过去时或should(were to) + 动词原形,而主句中的谓语动词则用would / should/ could might + 动词原形。如; If it were to rain tomorrow, the football match would be put off. (4)当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时,动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间作相应调整。如: If they had worked hard, they would be very tired.(从句说的是过去,主句指的是现在) 以下表格是虚拟语气用于条件状语从句中时,主句和从句谓语动词的形式: 条件状语从句主句与过去事实相反had + 过去分词should /would/could/might + have + 过去分词与现在事实相反一般过去时(be用were) would/should/could/might + 动词原形 与将来事实相反一般过去时或should(were to) + 动词原形 Would/should/cold/might + 动词原形 有时候在使用时可省略if,句子则可换成下列形式,即“were / had / should +主语”。如:Were I a boy, I would join the army. Had he taken my advice, he would have succeeded. Were it not for the expense, I would go to Britain. 2、虚拟语气用于名词性从句 (1)虚拟语气在宾语从句中的运用。 ①“wish + 宾语从句”表示不能实现的愿望,译为“要是……就好了”等。表示现在不能实现的愿望,从句中的谓语动词用一般过去时;表示将来不能实现的愿望,从句中的谓语动词用“would/could + 动词原形”;表示过去不能实现的愿望,从句中的谓语动词用“had + 过去分词”或“could(should) + have + 过去分词”。如: I wish it were spring all the year round. I wish I had known the answer. I wish I could fly like a bird. ②在表示建议、要求、命令等的动词suggest、advise、propose、demand、require、insist request、command、order等后的宾语从句中,谓语动词用should + 动词原形或是动词原形。如: She suggested we (should)leave here at once. The doctor ordered she should be operated. (2)虚拟语气在同位语从句和表语从句中的运用。

虚拟语气用法总结讲课稿

虚拟语气用法总结

虚拟语气用法总结 朱世梅 新时代大学英语中针对虚拟语气的练习题较多,而学生们往往把握不好虚拟语气的正确使用,现将其用法总结如下: 一.虚拟语气在英语里主要用来表达: a. 非真实的情景,不可能发生的事,即某种与事实相反或难以实现的情况,或说话人主观愿望。 b. 与客观事实相反地情景,即强制性虚拟语气,表示建议、命令、劝告这一类的意思上,表示强烈的要求做到、必须做到这样的含义。 c. 虚拟语气的表达形式是通过动词的变化形式表达的,其特点是主从句时态的不一致,而且一般有明显得标志。 二.虚拟语气的考点为: 1.If 句型 (共有三种句型) 非真实条件句: a.与现在的事实相反:从句用一般过去时,主句的谓语用would (could, might) +动词原形 If I were Bill Gates, I would not work so hard every day. b.与过去的事实相反:从句用过去完成时,主句的谓语用would (could, might) +现在完成时 If I had gone to America when I graduated from middle school, I would have got my PhD degree. c.与将来的事实相反:从句用should (were to,did) + 动词原形,主句的谓语用would (could, might) +动词原形 If it should/were to snow tomorrow, I would go skiing.

注意:虚拟条件句的倒装虚拟条件句的从句部分如果含有were, should, 或had, 可将if省略,再把were, should或had 移到从句句首,实行倒装。 Eg: Should it rain, the crops would be saved. =Were it to rain, the crops would be saved. Eg:_____ to do the work, I should do it some other day. A. If were I B. I were C. Were I D. Was I 答案C. 在虚拟条件状语中如果有were, should, had这三个词,通常将if省略,主语提前, 变成 were, should, had +主语的形式。但在虚拟条件状语从句中,省略连词的倒装形式的句首不能用动词的缩略形式。如我们可说 Were I not to do., 而不能说 Weren't I to do. d.混合条件句主句与从句的动作发生在不同的时间,这时主,从句谓语动词的虚拟语气形式因时间不同而不同,这叫做混合条件句。例如:条件句动作发生在过去,主句的动作发生在现在)谓语动词要根据表示的时间进行调整。 Eg: If it had rained last night (过去), it would be very cold today (现在). 2.Wish 句型表达“但愿…,要是…多好”的语气表示与事实相反的情况,或表示将来不太可能实现的愿望。其宾语从句的动词形式为: He wished he hadn't said that. 他希望他没讲那样的话。 I wish it would rain tomorrow. 我希望明天下雨就好了。 Wish to do表达法: Wish sb / sth to do I wish to see the manager. = I want to see the manager. I wish the manager to be informed at once. (= I want the manager to be informed at once.) 3.在强制性语气的宾语从句中的运用即表示建议、命令、劝告、决心等主观色彩的动词 + that + (should) + 动词原形,其中should 经常被省略。这类动词包括: suggest, propose, recommend, demand, order, command, desire, require, insist,

(完整)虚拟语气用法归纳,推荐文档

虚拟语气用法归纳 虚拟语气主要指的的是带有非真实条件状语从句的复合句,表达的是说话人的遗憾后悔的语气,愿望以及建议,命令,要求等等的情感,往往说的是与事实相反或者没办法实现改变的东西。虚拟语气主要表现为在对过去现在或者将来的情况做出假设后,有可能出现的情况。 虚拟语气的内容主要有三大模块,第一模块就是涉及到条件从句部分的内容。这一部分的虚拟语气主要体现在三个方面:基本用法,各自为政,以及含蓄之美。 下表就是条件从句虚拟语气的基本用法: 通常,在上面表格里反映的是非真实条件句的虚拟语气模式,从句和主句的谓语动词时间是一致的,如果两者时间不一致,此时就是混合型虚拟语气。混合型虚拟语气的使用要求“各自为政”,即从句和主句根据各自假设的时间不同,采用上面表格中对应的的谓语动词形式。 如何“各自为政”呢?这就像是数学里的排列组合,一边有三种情况,交叉一搭配就出现了好多种情况。不管怎样,我们要遵循一个原则,就是“各自为政”。例如,从句是对过去情况的假设,而主句则是对现在情况的假设,那我们在使用时,从句就用过去完成式,而主句要用would/could do的形式。当然,也不是所有的AB配就是合理的,有时候在具体语境下,会出现矛盾的情况,这时我们就要结合要表达的意思来判断他们是对什么情况的假设,选择合适的形式。一般而言,主句的假设时间会发生在从句的假设时间之后。因为是有这么一个条件才会出现主句的现状。因此在此类的完成句子练习中,我们要特别提醒注意时间状语的暗示 1. If I had seen you, I would not be so worried now. (从句是对过去的假设,主句是对现在的假设) 2. If you had not watched television so late last night, you would not be so sleepy now.( 从句是对过去的假设,主句是对现在的假设) 3. If I were you, I would seize the chance to go abroad. (从句和主句都是现在的假设) 4. Had you followed the doctor’s suggestion, you would be fine now.( 从句是对过去的假设,主句是对现在的假设) 5. If I had made some money last summer, I would go on holiday next month.( 从句是对过去的假设,主句是对将来的假设) 6. You didn’t let me drive. If we had driven in turns, you wouldn’t be so tired now. (从句是对过去的假设,主句是对现在的假设) 7. If Jack hadn’t met Rose on his voyage, he would be alive now. (从句是对过去的假设,主句是对现在的假设) 8. If Lily didn’t attend today’s party, she could not have the chance to work in the company next week. (从句是对现在的假设,主句是对将来的假设) 9. Had Father followed my travel plan , our family would not stay at home now. (从句是对

虚拟语气用法总结及详细解析

虚拟语气用法 英语中的语气分为陈述语气、祈使语气、虚拟语气、疑问语气和感叹语气五类。 1、表示动作或状态是客观存在的、确定的或符合事实的,用于陈述句、疑问句和某些感叹句中。 China is an Asian country. (肯定句) How interesting my stay in China has been! (感叹句) 2、祈使句表示说话人对对方的请求、警告,建议或命令。如: Please come over here. 请到这边来。 Watch your steps! 当心!(走路) 3、虚拟语气表示说话者做出的假设而非事实,或难以实现的情况,甚至表达彻底相反的概念。此外,如需表达主观愿望或某种强烈的感情时,也可用虚拟语气。虚拟语气是由句中的谓语动词的特殊形式表示出来的。如: If I were a bird,I would be able to fly in the air. 如果我是一只小鸟,我就能在空中飞行。 I wish I could pass the examination. 我希望我能通过考试。

If there were a heavy snow next Sunday, we would not go skating. 如果下周日下大雪,我们就不能去滑冰了。 If she were to be here next Monday, I would tell her about the matter. 如果她下周一来这儿的话,我就会告诉她这件事的始末。 4、有时,虚拟条件句中,结果主句和条件从句的谓语动作若不是同时发生时,虚拟语气的形式应作相应的调整。这种条件句叫错综条件句。 ①从句的动作与过去事实相反,而主句的动作与现在或现在正在发生的事实不符。 If I had worked hard at school, I would be an engineer, too.如果我在学校学习刻苦的话,我现在也会成为一个工程师了 If they had informed us, we would not come here now. 如果他们通知过我们的话,我们现在就不会来这里了。 ②从句的动作与现在事实相反,而主句的动作与过去事实不符。 If he were free today, we would have sent him to Beijing. 如果他今天有空的话,我们会已经派他去北京了。 If he knew her, he would have greeted her. 要是他认识她的话,他肯定会去问候她了。 5、当虚拟条件句的谓语动词含有were, should, had时,if可以省略,这时条件从句要用倒装语序,即把were, should, had等词置于句首,这种多用于书面语。 Should he agree to go there, we would send him there.要是他答应去的话,我们就派他去。 Were she here, she would agree with us.如果她在这儿的话,她会同意我们的。 Had he learnt about computers, we would have hired him to work here. 如果他懂一些电脑知识的话,我们已经聘用他来这里工作了。 【注意】 若条件从句为否定句,否定词not应置于主语之后,而不能与were,should,had 等缩略成Weren't,Shouldn't,Hadn't而置于句首。 Had it not been for the bad weather we would have arrived on time. 若不是天气坏,我们就准时到达了。 ②有时省略if后提前的had不是助动词: Had I time,I would come. 假若我有时间,我会来的。(=If I had time…) 6、非真实条件句中的条件从句有时不表达出来,暗含在副词、介词短语、上下文或其他方式表示出来,这种句子叫做含蓄条件句。 ①将条件会暗含在介词短语中,如without…, but for…,otherwise(要不是因为)等 But for his help, we would be working now. (要不是他的帮助,我们还会在工作呢。

高考虚拟语气用法归纳

高考虚拟语气用法归纳 在高三辅导学生备考过程中发现学生理解掌握和运用虑拟语气存在较大困难。下面将结合学生及备考实际,对虚拟语气进行较全面的归纳,并配以适当的例句和练习。 一、帮助学生理解语气的涵义、种类、辨别各种不同的语气。 语气是动词的又一种形式,通过说话人所说的话体现出说话人对某一个动作或状态所持的态度和看法。英语中有三种语气: 1.陈述语气——用来陈述事实,广泛用于陈述句和疑问句中。现行中学英语教材中,绝大部分句子均属陈述句语气,句中谓语动词有各种时态和语态变化。 2.祈使语气——用来提出请求、要求、发出命令等,只用于祈使句。 3.虚拟语气——用于表达一种假设情况、主观愿望、请求建议等,即所说内容与事实相反,或者实现的可能性极小,或者是假想虑拟的情况。 (练习)判断下列各句属于哪种语气。 ①Onthewayup,Iambusytakingpictures. ②Nike,fetchmesomenewspapers. ③WhatifIwereyou? ④Don’tforgettoturnoffthelight. ⑤Healwaystakesh iswifeseriously. ⑥IwishIwouldflytothemoon.

Answers:①陈述语气。②祈使语气③虚拟语气 ④祈使语气⑤陈述语气⑥虚拟语气 二、理解虚拟语气在非真实条件句中的三种典型构成与用法,并能熟练运用 条件句指主从复合句中的条件状语从句,分为真实条件句和非真实条件句两种。真实条件句表示所叙述的内容是事实,或者完全可能成为现实,句子中的谓语动词用陈述语气;非真实条件句表示所叙述的内容与事实相反或实现的可能性极小,句子中的谓语动词用虚拟语气。(练习)判断下列各句属于哪种条件句。 ①Ifhedoesn’thurry,hemissthebus. ②IfIwereyou,Iwouldaccepthisoffer. ③IfIhavetime,Iwillcome. ④Ifyouhadn’tcometohisschool,Iwouldn’thaveknownyou. Answers:①真实条件句②非真实条件句 ③真实条件句④非真实条件句 下面讨论虚拟语气在非真实条件句中的三种构成和用法。 1.句子叙述的内容是对现在情况的假设,实际上不存在,或者说与现在的事实相反,其构成是: if从句…过去式(be用were)…; 主句:…would+动词原形… should/could/might… 例句:①Ifhisgrandmawerestillalive,shemightbeoverninety.

英语虚拟语气用法总结

英语虚拟语气用法总结 1、表示与现在事实相反的情况: 从句:主语+过去时 主句:主语+should/would/could/might+do eg: 1.If I were you,I would take an umbrella. 如果我是你,我会带把伞.(事实:我不可能是你) 2.If I knew his telephone number,I would tell you. 如果我知道他的电话号码,我就会告诉你.(事实:不知道) 2、表示与过去事实相反的情况 从句:主语+had+done 主句:主语+should/would/could/might+have done eg: 1. If I had got there earlier,I should/could have met her.如果我早到那儿,我就会见到她. (事实:去晚了) 2.If he had taken my advice,he would not have made such a mistake.如果他听我的劝告的话,就不会犯这样的错误了.(事实:没有听我的话) 3、表示对将来情况的主观推测 从句:主句 ①if+主语+were to do :①主语+should/would/could/might+do ②if+主语+did/were ②主语+should/would/could/might+do ③if+主语+should+do ③主语+should/would/could/might+do eg: 1.If he should come here tomorrow,I would talk to him.

虚拟语气的基本用法归纳

虚拟语气的基本用法归纳 今天我们从以下几个方面来掌握虚拟语气的基本用法。 一、虚拟语气的使用范围: 虚拟语气用来表示说话人所说的话并不是事实,而是一种假设、愿望、怀疑或推测。该语法主要用于if 条件状语从句中,也可用于主语从句、表语从句和宾语从句等。 二、虚拟语气的判断: 1. if 条件状语从句中虚拟语气的判断。if 条件状语从句有真实条件句和非真实条件句。假设条件可以实现的句子为真实条件句,反之为非真实条件句,要用虚拟语气。其形式分为以下三种: (1) 与过去事实相反的假设。结构为:从句的谓语动词用“had + 过去分词”,主句用“should (would, could, might) + have + 过去分词”。例如: If it had not rained so hard yesterday, we could have played tennis. 如果昨天没有下大雨,我们就能玩网球了。(2) 与现在事实相反的假设。结构为:从句的谓语动词用过去式,系动词用were,主句的谓语用“should (would, could, might) + 动词原形”。例如: If I were in your position, I would marry her. 如果我是你,我就娶她为妻。

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