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高中英语素材倒装知识点总结

高中英语素材倒装知识点总结
高中英语素材倒装知识点总结

高中英语素材倒装知识点总结

倒装

英语句子的自然语序是主语在前,谓语在后。S+P+其他成分。(S=主语,P=谓语)

完全倒装:其他成分+P+S

部分倒装: 其他成分+be/do/does/can/have/has/had+S+动词

其他成分+be/have/has/had /can +S+动词

其他成分+do/does/did +S+动词原形

(一)完全倒装

1. 表地点、时间或方位的副词位于句首

1)表地点/时间的副词+谓语(非进行时)+主语(不能是代词主语)

地点副词有:here,there,in/inside,on,out/outside,opposite等。

时间副词有:then,now,soon,next,first,finally等。

谓语往往是be或不及物动词begin,come,go,lie,lay,seem,remain,stand等。

Here are my replies to your questions.

Here comes the bus.

There goes the bell.

There remained only ten dollars in his pocket.

Opposite stood an ancient oak tree.

Then came the time to part.

Next is the news.

2):表方位的与介词同形的副词+谓语(非进行时)+主语(不能是代词主语)

这类副词有:in,out,up,down,away,off,ahead,back等。

谓语往往是不及物动词come,go,fly,jump,rush,walk等。

In comes Mr. Smith.

Out went the children.

Down flew the eagle to seize the chicken.

Away ran the terrified boy.

说明:⑴表地点、时间或方位的副词位于句首时不用于进行时态。

⑵表地点、时间或方位的副词位于句首,代词作主语,主谓语序不变。例

如:

In he came.

Up they climbed almost out of breath.

Here it is.

There you are.

Here the bus is coming.

2.表地点或时间的介词短语作状语位于句首

表地点或时间的介词短语+不及物动词/及物动词的被动语态+主语(通常不是代词) Beyond the bushes lay the fields.

At the top of the hill stands the old church.

After the banquet came a firework display in the garden.

说明:①谓语是及物动词或由“be+表语”构成时不用倒装形式:

At the top of the tower she could see the whole city.

In the morning students are usually very busy.

②谓语是及物动词的被动语态可用倒装形式:

In this chapter will be found a satisfactory answer.

To the list may be added the following names.

3.某些表语位于句首

表语(介词短语/形容词/过去分词/进行时态中的现在分词)十be/link.v+主语

1) 表语为表位置或地方的介词短语

Among the goods are Christmas trees,candles and toys.

Near the church was an old ruined cottage.

2)表语为形容词短语,尤其用于与先前提到的进行比较

Present at the meeting were Professor White, Professor Smith and many other guests. Higher up are the temples built in ancient China.

First to arrive were their two cousins.

Many of the buildings are truly wonderful.Best of all is the Grand Theatre.

3)表语为过去分词

Gone are the days when they could do what they liked to the Chinese people.Seated on the ground are a group of young people.

4)表语为进行时态中的现在分词

Lying on the floor was a boy aged about seventeen.

Standing beside the table was an interpreter.

4.用于so,nor,neither开头的句子

前句是肯定句,重复前句内容用so

He is a student.

So am I.

So is she.

So is Tom.

So are they.

So am I a student.

He likes English.

So does she.

So does Tom.

So do I.

So do they.

So does she like English.

He went to Beijing many years ago.

So did I.

So did she.

So did I go to Beijing many years ago.

He has been to Beijing.

So have I.

So has she.

So has she been to Beijing.

He can speak French.

So can I.

So can she.

So can I speak English.

如果将上面蓝色句子改成否定句的话,就应该将红色句子中的so 改成neither或nor He is a student and he likes English.

So it is with me

He is a student, but he doesn’t like English.

So it is with her.

He is the tallest boy student in his class. So he is.

I asked him to buy me a newspaper. He did so.

5. 当“so+形容词”或“such”为表语时,用完全倒装语序。

So +adj+ be +S+that +S+P

Such+ be+S +that +S+P

So great was the destruction that it took them several years to recover.

Such was the force of the explosion that alI the windows were broken.

(二)部分倒装

1.用于三个表示强调的句型中

1)含义为“…-就…,刚…就…”,指某事发生得过早

Hardly/barely/scarcely had he arrived at the station when/before the train began to leave.

He had hardly/barely/scarcely/not/just arrived at the station when/before the train began to leave.

No sooner had she gone out than the telephone rang.

She had no sooner/just as soon gone out than the telephone rang.

2)含义为“不但…而且…”。

Not only/Not merely+倒装句式+but(also)+陈述句语序

Not only is he a first class ballplayer,but also he is good at chess.

Not only is he a first class ballplayer,but he is good at chess.

Not only is he a first class ballplayer,he is also good at chess.

Not only is he a first class ballplayer,but he is good at chess too.

Not only is he a first class ballplayer,he is good at chess too.

Not only is he a first class ballplayer,but he is good at chess as well.

Not only is he a first class ballplayer,he is good at chess as well.

Not only did I know her,but I was her best friend.

Not only A but also B 做主语的主谓一致问题。

Not only I but also he likes English.

Not only he but also I like English.

3)含义为“直到…才…”。

Not until+句子(陈述句语序)/时间状语+倒装句式

Not until the teacher came did he finish his homework.

Not until yesterday did I learn anything about it.

说明:下面句子不倒装:

It was not until the teacher came that he finished his homework.

2.用于only开头的句子

Only+时间副词/介词短语/状语从句+倒装句式

Only this afternoon did I finish the novel.

Only once was he beaten for his dishonesty.

Only by working hard can we succeed in everything

Only with a great deal of effort was he able to escape.

Only when he told me did I realize what trouble he was in.

Only after you've done the experiment can you understand this law better.

说明:如果only修饰的不是状语而是主语,则不用倒装。例如:

Only Wang Ling knows this.

Only you know the truth.

Only this afternoon is the best time.

3.某些否定词位于句首时

此类否定词有:hardly,scarcely,barely,rarely,seldom,no, not,never,nowhere及little,less,no longer,least of all.

Hardly did he know that the police were after him.

Never shall I do this again.

Nowhere could I find him.

Not simply is this book interesting,but also instructive.

Little did he know who the woman was.

These children can’t speak English,still less can they write.

说明:否定词修饰主语时不用倒装结构。例如:

Scarcely a drop of rain fell last month.

Hardly anybody likes him because he is so rude.

No news is good news

4. 某些含有no的介词短语位于句首时

“介词+no+名词”构成的短语,意为“决不”,“任何情况下都不”:

at no time,by no means,under/in no circumstances,

in no way,in no case,on no account,on no consideration

At no time will China be the first to use nuclear weapons.

In no case shall we give up our plan.

At no way should I take the responsibility.

On no account must this switch be touched.

Under no circumstances could we agree to such a principle.

5.so,such位于句首时

表强调的副词so,such置于句首,构成“so…that”,“such…that”时,被强调部分用倒装语序。So.../Such...+倒装结构+that+句子(陈述句语序)

So +adv. +部分倒装+that+S+P

So fast does light travel that it is difficult for us to imagine its speed.

So much did he like his job that he would not stop working even after he was seventy—five.So/such +N(宾语)+部分倒装+that+S+P

So many questions did they ask me that I got confused.

So much of interest does Beijing offer that most visitors simply run out of time before seeing it all.

Such a fierce dog did he have that we had to wait before we could get in.

So fierce a dog did he have that we had to wait before we could get in.

说明:如果so/such位于句首修饰主语时,则不用倒装。例如:

So few people came to his birthday party that he felt disappointed.

6.带to such…表程度的词组位于句首时

To such an extent

To what/such a degree+倒装句式

To such extremes

To such length(s)

To such a degree was he excited that he couldn’t go to sleep that night.

To such lengths did he speak that everyone got bored.

In such a hurry置于句首时也用倒装形式。例如:

In such a hurry was he that he forgot to take his passport.

In such a hurry did he rush to the airport that he forgot to take his passport.7.用于省略if的虚拟条件状语从句

1) Were/Had/Should+主语=If+主语+were/had/should

Were he my friend,I would expect his help.

I would expect his help, were he my friend.

Did I ask for help from him, he would give it.

Should it rain tomorrow, I should stay indoors.

Had you not told me about the matter, I should never have known the whole thing.2)Were it not for+n.=If it were not for+n.

Had it not been for+n.=If it hadn’t been for+n.

Were it not for their help,we would be in serious trouble.

Had it not been for their support,we couldn’t have won the election.

8.用于让步状语从句

Strange though/as it may seem,the tallest boy is the youngest.

Woman as/though she is, she is courageous.

Surrounded as he was by the enemy, he was not afraid.

Try as he would, he might fail again.

Search as the would,they could find no one in the woods.

Hard as he studies,he cannot pass the exam.

Much though I admire her,I cannot excuse her faults.

说明:从句中的主语较长,也可用全部倒装。例如:

Difficulty as was the chemistry homework, it was finished in time.

9.用于原因状语从句

Tired that/as he was,he went to bed early.

Coward that/as he was,he ran away as soon as the enemy attacked.

Absorbed as/that he was in the book,he did not notice my entering the room.

Living as I do so remote from town, I rarely have visitors.

10.用于as和than引导的状语从句

在as引导的方式状语从句和than引导的比较状语从句中,如果从句的主语较长或带有长的修饰语时,可用倒装形式。但主语是人称代词不倒装。例如

He travelled a great deal as did most of his friends.

He travels a great deal as do most of his friends.

He travels a great deal as does his best friend.

He travelled a great deal as she did.

Mr. Smith is expecting a pay rise,as are several other salesmen in the team.

I spend less than do nine out of ten people in my position.

I spend less than she does.

I'm afraid her proposals are no more feasible than are those James presented.

11.方式、频度副词等位于句首时

方式状语(well, gladly, slowly, quickly)、频度状语(often, many a time, frequently, once a week)等位于句首时,可用倒装结构。如果不是十分强调,也可不用倒装结构。例如:

Well do I remember the days when we were at school together.

Gladly would I give my life to save the child!

Often does he warn us/he warns us not to touch the poisonous chemical.

Many a time has Mike given me good advice.

Many a time Mike has given me good advice

Slowly and impressively did he rise from his seat.

12.用于the…the结构的主句中

在表达“越…越”时,通常用the…the这一结构,若此结构中主句的主语太长,也可用倒

装句型。例如:

The more grain we produce,the greater will be our achievement.

The more grain we produce,the greater contribution did we make to our country. The more famous he became,the higher(were)the prices his pictures fetched.13.用于几个特殊结构的让步状语从句

在下列三个特殊结构的让步状语从句中,意为“无论”。

1)“Be+主语+ever so形容词”意为“无论怎样…”

Be a man ever so clever,he knows nothing if he doesn’t learn.

Be he ever so clever,he knows nothing if he doesn’t learn.

Be it ever so humble,there is no place like home.

2)“Be+主语+A or B”意为“无论是A或B”

Be he friend or enemy,the law regards him as a criminal.

All magnets behave the same,be they small or large.

3)“动词+wh一词+主语+will/may”意为“无论”

Say what we will,he doesn’t want to change his mind.We will say__

Come what may,we must remain cheerful.___ may come,

Go where you will,you cannot succeed without perseverance.You will go ___ 14.用于某些表示祝愿的句子

May you succeed!

May he live to regret this decision!

God bless you

Chairman Mao Zedong live long.

高中英语倒装句讲解以及习题

倒装句 一、定义:英语最基本的语序是主语在前,谓语动词在后。但有时由于句子结构的需要或表示强调,就要采用倒装形式。 Eg:The bus comes here. Here comes the bus. 车来了。 二、分类:全倒装:将谓语动词完全移到主语之前称为完全倒装, 半倒装:只将助动词或情态动词放到主语之前称为部分倒装。 Eg:Many years ago there lived an old man in the wooden house. 很多年前有一位老人住在那间木屋里。 Never have I been late for school this term. 这学期,我从来没上学迟到过。 三、全倒装:“五全”=有时表地方 经常与be/come/exist/fall/follow/go/remain/seem/stand(表示移动或动态的不及物动词连用) 或用表示类似“存在”观念的其他不及物动词如:live, stand, come, lie, flow, enter, rise 和appear等?㈠、“有”:在“there be”结构里 Eg:There is a box on the table. 桌子上面有一个盒子。 ?㈡、“时”:表示时间副词,如:now,then, Eg:Now comes your turn. 现在轮到你了。 ?㈢、“表”:表语放句子前,“表语+系动词+主语”的结构 Eg:Present at the party were Mr. Green and many other guests. 格林先生和其他的客人在这个聚会上。 Seated on the ground are a group of young men. 一群年轻人坐在了地上。 ?㈣、“地”:地点状语放在句首 Eg:In south of the river lies a small factory. 小工厂位于河的南方。 From the valley came a cry. 山谷传来一阵哭声。 ?㈤、“方”:表方位的副词here, there 或out, in, up, down, away, off等标志词放在句首

高中英语知识点总结

高中英语易错知识点总结(内部资料) [1.定语从句在什么情况下用whose引导] whose 用于代替"表示人或物意义"的先行词,在从句中作定语, 往往与它所修饰的名词一起构成一个名词短语在从句中担当成分。 Whose常表达"某人的、某物的"之意。 例如: Do you know the name of that girl whose brother is your roommate ? 你知道她的哥哥与你同寝室的那位女孩的名字吗? Water whose boiling point is at 100 degree Centigrade has no color, no flavor. 沸点在摄氏100度的水无色、无味。 [2.定语从句引导词that和which的区别] 定语从句中的8种情况:只能用that引导 1.在从句中为了避免与疑问词who重复时 2.从句修饰词被the one修饰时 3.从句修饰词被含有人和物的名词时 4.从举所修饰词被everything,anything,something等不定代词修饰时 5.从句所修饰词被all ,more,any等不定代词修饰时 6.从句所修饰的词又被the only ,the very(强调语气)the last,the same 修饰时 7.从句修饰的词又被叙述词修饰时 8.修饰的词被形容词最高级修饰时 [3. Turn的几个短语] turn down 不接受,把...调小 turn into sth. 转变 turn off 关闭, 使...停止

turn on 打开,是...开始 turn out 终于成为... turn out a light关灯 turn over 把...翻转 turn up到达 以上的turn均为动词词性 in turn逐个的 take turn at sth.=take it in turns to do sth.逐个做某事turing转弯口 以上的turn为名词词性 [4.几个道路的区别] way 范指一切的路 path 人或动物踩踏而成的小径 street两旁有建筑的 road供车辆行驶的 highway 公路 [5.几个旅游的区别] journey指有明确方向的,长途的,陆路的旅行,通常比较辛苦. travel范指旅行 voyage多指海路或空间的长途旅行 trip短距离的.又回到出发地的. tour巡游 [6.bed的用法] n.[C]

元素周期律知识点总结

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高中英语语法倒装句讲解及练习(附答案)

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元素知识点总结

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部分倒装(Partial Inversion):指将谓语的一部分如助动词或情态动词倒装至主语之前,而谓语动词无变化。如果句中的谓语没有助动词或情态动词,则需添加助动词do, does或did,并将其置于主语之前。 英语句子的倒装一是由于语法结构的需要而进行的倒装,二是由于修辞的需要而进行的倒装。 前一种情况,倒装是必须的,否则就会出现语法错误;后一种情况,倒装是选择性的,倒装与否只会产生表达效果上的差异。 语义解析 一、表示强调: 倒装句最突出、最常见的修辞效果就是强调,其表现形式如下: 1.only +状语或状语从句置于句首,句子用部分倒装。 例子: Only in this way can you solve this problem. 只有用这种方法,你才可以解决这个问题。 Only after he had spoken out the word did he realize he had made a big mistake. 只有当他已经说出那个字后才意识到自己犯了个大错误。 2. hardly, in no way, little, scarcely, seldom, never, no more, no longer, not, not only, no sooner, not only … (but also),not until…等具有否定意义的词或词组位于句首,句子用部分倒装。 例子: No sooner had I got home than it began to rain. 我刚到家就下起了雨。 Seldom do I go to work by bus. 我很少乘公共汽车上班。 Not until twelve o'clock did she go to bed last night . 她昨晚十二点才上床睡觉。 3. so / such...that结构中的so或such位于句首可以构成部分倒装句,表示强调so /such和that 之间的部分。 例子:

高中英语知识点总结版

高中英语知识点总结版集团文件发布号:(9816-UATWW-MWUB-WUNN-INNUL-DQQTY-

【2018高考】英语超重点学习营 课前资料 目录: 一、重点单词 二、重点词组 三、高级词汇 四、词组固定搭配 五、高级句型结构 六、过去完成时概念 七、阅读理解解题指导 一、重点单词 1.able 用法:be able to do Note: 反义词unable表示不能,而disabled表示残疾的。 be able to do可以表示经过艰难困苦才能做到的事。 2.abroad 用法:表示到(在)国外,是一个副词,前面不加介词。 Note: 可以说from abroad, 表示从国外回来。 3.admit 用法:表示承认的时候后面要加上动名词形式。Note: 表示允许进入的时候与介词to搭配。 4.advise 用法:advise sb. to do; advise doing Note: 后面的宾语从句要用虚拟语气。即:advise that sb. (should) do的形式。 5.afford 用法:通常与动词不定式搭配使用。 Note: 前面需要有be able to或can等词。 6.after 用法:表示在时间、空间之后;be after表示追寻。

Note: 用在将来时的时候后面接一时间点,而in接一个时间段,如:after 3 o’clock; in 3 days. 7.agree 用法:与介词on, to, with及动词不定式搭配。 Note: agree on表示达成一致;agree to 表示批准;agree with表示同意某人说的话。 8.alive 用法:表语性形容词,在句中只能作表语,不能作定语。 Note: 可以作状语使用,表示活活地,如:bury sb. alive. 9.allow 用法:allow doing; allow sb. to do Note: 可以表示允许进入,如:Please allow me in. 10.among 用法:用在三者或三者以上的群体中。 Note: 还可以表示其中之一,如:He is among the best. 11.and 用法:用于连接两个词、短语、句子或其他相同结构。Note: 与祈使句搭配时往往可以表示条件。如:Work hard, and you’ll succeed sooner or later. 12.another 用法:表示又一个,泛指,相当于one more的含义。 Note: 不能直接加复数名词,需要与一个数词搭配,如:another 2 weeks. 13.answer 用法:及物动词,但在作名词时要与介词to搭配。 Note: 可以表示接电话、应门等。如:answer the phone/door. 14.anxious 用法:be anxious for/about/to do Note: be anxious about表示担心;be anxious for表示盼望得到。 15.appear 用法:不及物动词,没有宾语,没有被动语态。 Note: 还可以作为系动词,与seem同义,表示看起来……。 16.arrive 用法:arrive at表示到一个小地方;arrive in表示到一个大地方。Note: 引申含义表示得出,如:arrive at a decision/conclusion.

元素推断题常考知识点总结

1 号元素氢:原子半径最小,同位素没有中子,密度最小的气体 6 号元素碳:形成化合物最多的元素,单质有三种常见的同素异形体(金刚石、石墨、富勒烯)。 7 号元素氮:空气中含量最多的气体(78%),单质有惰性,化合时价态很多,化肥中的重要元素。 8 号元素氧:地壳中含量最多的元素,空气中含量第二多的气体(21%)。生物体中含量最多的元素,与生命活动关系密切的元素,有两种气态的同素异形体。 9 号元素氟:除H 外原子半径最小,无正价,不存在含氧酸,氧化性最强的单质。 11 号元素钠:短周期元素中原子半径最大,焰色反应为黄色。 12 号元素镁:烟火、照明弹中的成分,植物叶绿素中的元素。 13 号元素铝:地壳中含量第三多的元素、含量最多的金属,两性的单质(既能与酸又能与碱反应),常温下遇强酸会钝化。 14 号元素硅:地壳中含量第二多的元素,半导体工业的支柱。 15 号元素磷:有两种常见的同素异形体(白磷、红磷),制造火柴的原料(红磷)、化肥中的重要元素。 16 号元素硫:单质为淡黄色固体,能在火山口发现,制造黑火药的原料。 17 号元素氯:单质为黄绿色气体,海水中含量最多的元素,氯碱工业的产物之一。 19 号元素钾:焰色反应呈紫色(透过蓝色钴玻璃观察),化肥中的重要元素。 20 号元素钙:人体内含量最多的矿质元素,骨骼和牙齿中的主要矿质元素。

2.与元素的原子结构相关知识归纳 ⑴最外层电子数等于次外层电子数的元素是Be、Ar; 最外层电子数是次外层电子数 2 倍的元素有C; 最外层电子数是次外层电子数 3 倍的元素有0; 最外层电子数是次外层电子数 4 倍的元素有Ne。 ⑵次外层电子数是最外层电子数 2 倍的元素有Li、Si; 次外层电子数是最外层电子数 4 倍的元素有Mg。 ⑶内层电子数是最外层电子数2 倍的元素有Li、P; 电子总数是最外层电子数2倍的元素有Be。原子核内无中子的元素是1i H 3.元素在周期表中的位置相关知识归纳 ⑴主族序数与周期序数相同的元素有H、B e、Al; 主族序数是周期序数 2 倍的元素有C、S; 主族序数是周期序数 3 倍的元素有O。 ⑵周期序数是主族序数 2 倍的元素有Li、Ca; 周期序数是主族序数 3 倍的元素有Na。 ⑶最高正价与最低负价的绝对值相等的元素有C、Si; 最高正价是最低负价的绝对值3 倍的元素有S。 ⑷上一周期元素所形成的阴离子和下一周期元素最高价态阳离子的电子层结构 与上一周期零族元素原子的电子层结构相同。 4. 元素的含量 地壳中质量分数最大的元素是0,其次是S; 地壳中质量分数最大的金属元素是Al,其次是Fe; 氢化物中氢元素质量分数最大的是C;所形成的有机化合物中种类最多的是C 5. 元素所形成的单质及化合物的物理特性 ①颜色:常温下,单质为有色气体的元素是F、Cl; 单质为淡黄色固体的元素是S; 焰色反应火焰呈黄色的元素是Na,呈紫色的元素是K (通过兰色钻玻璃) ②状态:常温下,单质呈液态的非金属元素是Br ;单质为白色蜡状固体的元素是

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