2018年6月大学英语四级真题答案及解析(卷二)

2018 年6 月大学英语四级考试真题答案与详解（第2 套）

Part I Writing

审题思路：

这是四级考试中常见的议论文话题。通过审题可知，文章需要着重从两个方面展开，分别为写作技能的重要性以及如果提高写作能力。其中，如何提高写作能力是需要重点展开的内容，应通过衔接性词汇和短语分层次表达。另外，文章结尾需要总结全文，并进一步强调勤奋和科学的方法的重要性。

全文翻译：

写作技能的重要性以及如何提高写作能力

作为表达自我最有成效和最具沟通性的方式，写作总是很受重视。不管我们作为有创造力的作者想精进自己的写作能力，还是仅仅为了完善学业任务所需的技能，我们都可以采取一些措施来学会如何成为一个更好的写作者。首先，为了使自己的文章足够有创意和想象力，头脑风暴是建立一个独特的话题的关键因素之一。不管脑海中有什么样的想法，不要犹豫，把它们都记下来。其次，一篇好文章的发展建立在清晰的结构和段落组织之上。即使一个简单的提纲都会帮助我们看到整体情况，并且会节省我们数小时重写的时间。最后，写作中极为推荐使用丰富的词汇和语法，因为糟糕的文章其中一个最常见的表现就是大量或重复使用简单的语言。

总而言之，成为一个好的作者需要知识储备和勤加练习，但是只要我们付出足够的努力，并且遵循科学的方法，最终我们都会写出让自己和别人都感到惊艳的作品。

Part II Listening Comprehension

Section A

News Report One

Kelly Swisher, an Arkansas woman, escaped injury and managed to safely stop her car after a 4-foot-long rat snake came out from under her car seat and slid across her feet as she was driving down the highway. Rat snakes aren’t poisonous or a threat to people generally. (1)But the woman says the snake she encountered Thursday terrified her out of her wits. (2) “It was rough, with big scales，” said Swisher,who was on her way to pick up her friend at the airport when it happened. “I don’t know whether I had my hands on the steering wheel or not. I am not the mo st flexible person in the world, but I can guarantee my knees were up next to my ears.” She said the snake first slid back under the seat, and she hoped it would stay there until she was able to get off the high way and stop. “That didn’t work out,” she said. “Here he comes, and he wound up in my back seat before I could finally get off the road, stop and get out of the car.” She called for help. And Washington

County animal control officers came and captured the snake.

Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard.

未听先知：预览两道题各选项，第1 题选项均为描述人物心理状态的形容词，因此此题考查的是人物心理。第2 题各选项主语均为It，由选项中出现的crawled、wound up、was killed 和scales 等词可推测，It 指蛇；再结合本题选项中出现的the woman 和steering wheel 可推测，本篇新闻与某位女士遭遇蛇的经历有关，涉及女士当时的心理活动等方面内容。

1.How did Kelly Swisher feel when she first came across the rat snake?

答案：B

详解：新闻中女士提到，她在周四遇到的那条蛇把她吓得魂不附体。因此答案为B。

2.What does the report say about the snake？

答案：D

详解：新闻中提到了Swisher 对食鼠蛇的描述：它身上粗糙，鳞片很大。因此答案为D。

News Report Two

(3)Fast food, it turns out, isn’t quite as fast as it used to be. A new study finds that MacDonald’s posted its slowes t drives-through times since this survey was first conducted fifteen years ago. As MacDonald’s, customers will spend on average three minutes and nine seconds from the time they placed their orders until they received their food. That’s about ten seconds more than the industry average--and a lot slower than a decade ago, according to the study, which was commissioned by QSR, an industry trade publication. And MacDonald’s wasn’t alone in slowing down: Other chains also saw their drive-through performance slow down. (4)Among the reasons for the slower service, today there are more choices on the menu, and the products themselves are more complex and take longer to prepare. Speed, of course, is essential to the drive-through experience. And drive-throughs are hugely important to chains, such as MacDonald’s, Burger King and Taco Bell. “Usually the drive-through accounts for sixty to seventy percent of all business that goes through a fast-food restaurant,” notes Sam Ochers, editor of QSR. Of course, consumers also want their orders prepared correctly and on that score, Ochers says, “accuracy is still really high.”

Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard.

未听先知：预览两道题各选项，由其中反复出现的fast-food 可推测，新闻内容与快餐有关。其中第3 题各选项均为概括性比较强的名词短语，可能考查新闻主旨；结合第4 题各选项语义可推测，此题考查出现某个问题的原因。3.What is the news report mainly about？

答案：A

详解。新闻开头就提到，事实证明快餐没有以前那么快了，接下来就讲到了得出这一结论的依据——针对快餐业的一项新研究。因此答案为A。

4.What has slowed down MacDonald’s drive-through s ervice？

答案：C

详解：新闻中提到，服务速度变慢的原因是如今菜单上的选择多了，而且商品本身更复杂，需要更多的时间去准备。因此答案为C。

News Report Three

(5)The first private mission outside of Earth’s orbit is closed to many of our think. U.S. government officials are set to approve a mission by privately-held space company Moon Express to travel outside of Earth’s orbit in late 2017. (6) Moon Express’s mission involves plans to land a suitcase-sized package of scientific equipment on the moon for ongoing exploration and commercial development. The decision involved months of lobbying and coordinated conversations between a number of factual agencies. Under international treaties, the U.S. is responsible for the cargo of both public and private spacecraft. This makes commercial space travel a complex legal issue not just domestically, but abroad. (7)A Moon Express representative declined to comment on the story but noted that the company is very optimistic about its proposal. Moon Express is not the only company seeking for the rights to travel to o uterspace. Elon Musk’s space X aims to send an unmanned aircraft to Mars by 2018.

Questions 5 and 7 are based on the news report you have just heard.

未听先知：预览三道题各选项，由space travel、space exploration、outer space 和spacecraft 等词可推测，新闻内容与航天和太空有关。第5 题各选项均为概括性比较强的名词短语，可能考查新闻主旨；第6 题各选项均为一般现在时态的动词短语，结合Deliver、a new mission、space programs 和Launch 等词可推测，此题考查某航天机构将来的行为动作；第7 题各选项均为主系表结构，结合语义可推测，此题考查对某事物的评价。

5.What is the news report mainly about？

答案：C

详解：新闻开头提到，第一个私人外太空任务越来越近了，比我们想象中要快。美国政府官员将会批准一个私人控股航天公司Moon Express 的一项任务：2017 年底穿越外太空。因此答案为C。

6.What is Moon Express planning to do？

答案：A

详解：新闻中提到，Moon Express 的任务包括在月球上放一个行李箱大小的包裹，里面是科技设备，以方便正在进行中的探测和商业方面的发展。因此答案为A。

7.What does Moon Express think of its mission？

答案：B

详解：新闻中提到，Moon Express 的一位代表拒绝对这件事进行评论，但提到该公司对这个提议还是非常乐观的。因此答案为B。

Section B

Conversation One

M:Hey, Sophia, how are you doing？

W: Hi, Bob. I’m good, thanks. Actually, I’m on holiday with my family in Thailand at the moment, although I wish it were with my friends instead.

M: Really? You never said you are going to Thailand. How I envy you !

W: I’ve only been in here a week. But you know, Thailand is an amazing place. I’m having a great time here. (8)In fact, I am now lying on the beach in Phuke t. I’ve been in the sun for around fifteen minutes only and I’m already getting sunburnt. Have you been here before?

M: No, I wish I had. What else have you been doing in Thailand besides enjoying the sun?

W: （9）Well, I met a guy from Germany yesterday. He showed me around the orphanage he works at. Then, I met many volunteer teachers who are mainly young people from Europe.

M: Ah, that’s interesting.

W: Yes. I also made a new little friend, Sarah. She was so cute. I was so sad that we were to leave at the end of the day. If I ever come back to Thailand, I’d definitely visit this place again as a volunteer.

M: (10)Well, you can tell me all about it when you get back. My phone battery is almost dead now. (11)Remember to get me something from the souvenir shops. I like to collect bits and pieces from different parts of the world. Bye now. Enjoy yourself Sophia.

W: Bye.

Questions 8 and 11 are based on the news report you have just heard.

未听先知：预览四道题各选项，由Visiting、Thailand、Phuket 以及反复出现的Thai 等词可初步推测，对话内容涉及在泰国旅游；再结合第8 题第9 题各选项语义可进一步推测，在泰国旅游的是女士。第8 题各选项均为现在分词短语，结合A 选项中出现的her 可推测，本题考查女士正在做什么；第9 题均为过去时，且主语均为She，因此考查女士在泰国做了什么；第10 题和第11 题各选项均与男士有关，听音时留意与男士相关的细节描述。

8.What does the woman say she is doing now？

答案：D

详解：对话中女士提到，她现在正在普吉岛的沙滩上躺着，在太阳底下仅仅待了大约15 分钟就已经要晒伤了。因此答案为D。

9.What did the woman do yesterday？

答案：A

详解：对话中女士提到，她昨天遇到了一个来自德国的男子，而且这名男子带她参观了他所工作的孤儿院。因此答案为A。

10.Why does the man have to end the conversation？

答案：D

详解：对话中，男士对女士说等她从泰国回来再告诉他旅游的情况，他的手机电池马上就没电了。因此答案为D。

11.Why does the man ask the woman to bring him something from Thailand？

答案：C

详解：对话最后，男士叮嘱女士记得给他在纪念品商店里带点东西回来，并且提到他喜欢收集来自世界各地的小

物件。因此答案为C。

Conversation Two

W: (12-1)Hi, David. There’s a new gym opening in town today. Would you like to go with me this afternoon?

M: (12-2)Yes, more than glad to. I haven’t been to a gym for ages. I need to do some exercise to tone up.

W: Then this is a good chance. (13)They sent me an invitation with a note saying I could take a friend for free on the first day. Also, if we both sign up before Friday, we can get a discount on a six-month membership.

M: Great. Count me in. I really want to lose some of these belly fat and turn it into muscle. But I’m not sure which of the gym equipment with best help.

W: Well, I know expert of that, but I think you can try lifting weights and do at least 200 sit-ups twice a day.

M: (14)I’ve never tried weight-lifting before. Is it dangerous?

W: (15)No, not at all, if you know some of the basics. Don’t worry, I’ll show you the rules. I used to practice this a t another gym before my membership ended. I’ll be your personal trainer.

M: Thank you. What other equipment do they have?

W: Well, like all gyms, they have all sorts of things to help build up muscles in different parts of the body, like applied bicycles, chest stretching machines, and running machines. You could use any of these to suit your purpose. Now the gym opens at noon. So can we meet up in town at 1:30 p.m.?

M: Perfect. See you there, coach.

Questions 12 and 15 are based on the news report you have just heard.

未听先知：预览四道题各选项，由fitness equipment 和反复出现的new gym 可知，对话内容与健身设备和新开业的健身房有关。第12 题各选项均为动名词短语，且B 选项中出现了personal trainers，为复数形式，因此可能考查涉及对话双方的问题，或者对话的主旨；第13 题各选项均为优惠活动描述，因此考查的是健身房的优惠内容；第14 题均为名词短语，且C 中出现了his，因此可能考查与男士相关的细节信息，声音时留意选项中的关键词；第15 题各选项主语均为She，因此考查女士的情况，听音时留意对话最后与女士相关的信息。

12.What are the speakers talking about?

答案：D

详解：对话开头，女士提到今天镇上有一家新的健身房开业，并且邀请男士下午一起去看一下，男士欣然接受了

邀请，对话由此展开。因此答案为D。

13.What does the gym offer at its opening?

答案：C

详解：对话中女士提到，健身房给的邀请函中写着开业第一天女士可以免费带一位朋友，而且如果女士和朋友都

在周五前报名的话，办理半年期会员会有折扣。因此答案为C。

14.What is the man concerned about?

答案：A

详解：对话中，男士提到他以前从来没有尝试过举重，并问女士举重是否危险。由此可知，男士担心的是举重的

安全问题，答案为A。

15.What do we learn about the woman from the conversation?

答案：C

详解：对话中，女士对男士说如果知道一些基本知识，那么举重一点都不危险。女士让男士不要担心，她会交给他一些窍门（the ropes），并且告诉男士她过去常常在另一家健身房练习举重。由此可知，女士知道举重的基本知识，答案为C。

Section C

Passage One

(16)In today’s job market, it’s now common for job seekers to send applications for many positions. That involves lots of time and lots of work to organize. Certainly, you can’t wait to waste your precious hours on following the developments

in a disorderly fashion and miss important deadlines, confuse interview times, or forget to follow up a result. Accordingly, managing your job search properly is just as important as identifying job opportunities and submitting your applications. If you are familiar with Microsoft Excel or a similar program, creating a table is a simple and effective way to keep track of your job applications. If Excel isn’t quite your cup of tea，don’t worry, you can create a table in Microsoft Word or a similar word processor. (17)Google is another tool to help you get organize effectively. If you have a Gmail account, you can create, safe and send tables in addition to written document like your cover letter and resume. You can also link up with Google calendar to make sure you stay on top of important dates. Clearly, there are plenty of ways to keep track of your job search and making the effort to simplify your job search will paid off. Nevertheless, (18) you should always focus on quality, not quantity. Only apply for position you are qualified for, and make each application count, personalizing each cover letters ,and updating and editing your resume.

Questions 16 and 18 are based on the news report you have just heard.

未听先知：预览三道题各选项，由interviews、apply for、positions 和jobs 等词可推测，短文内容与求职有关。第16 题主语为They，由选项语义可知，They 指求职者，此题考查求职者求职过程中的细节信息；第17 题各选项均

为动词短语，考查行为动作，听音时留意选项关键词；第18 题各选项均为动词短语，结合选项语义可推测，此题考查某人的建议或指示。

16.What does the speaker say about today’s jobseekers？

答案：B

详解：短文开头提到，在如今的就业市场上，求职者申请多个职位是很常见的。因此答案为B。

17.What can job applicants do with the help of the Google？

答案：A

详解：短文中提到，谷歌是另一个可以有效地帮你变得有条理的工具。因此答案为A。

18.What does the speaker suggest job seekers do？

答案：B

详解：短文最后讲话者提到，求职者应该注重质量而不是数量，至申请那些自己可以胜任的职位，让每个申请都有意义，而且每逢求职者都要个性化，要不断更新和编辑自己的简历。因此答案为B。

Passage Two

(19)Some people say, if kids didn’t happen to go to school, they’d all be out in the streets.My reply is “No, they wouldn’t.” First, even if schools stay just what they are, children would spend at least some time there, because that’s where they’d be likely to find their friends. Second, schools wouldn’t stay the way they are. They’d get better, because we would have to start making them what they ought to be right now. Last, (20)if we stirred up our brains and gave children a little help, those who did not want to go to school could find other things to do —things many children now do during their holidays. (21)There’s someth ing easier we could do. We need to get kids out of the school buildings, give them a chance to learn about the world at first hand. In Philadelphia and Portland, Oregon, plans are being drawn up for public schools that won’t have any school buildings at al l. That will take the students out into the city and help them to use it and its people as a resource. In others words, students perhaps in groups, perhaps independently, will go to libraries, museums, exhibitions, courtrooms, radios and TV stations, meetings, businesses, and laboratories to learn about their world and society at first hand.

A small private school in Washington is already doing this. It makes sense. We need more of it.

Questions 19 and 21 are based on the news report you have just heard.

未听先知：预览三道题各选项，由kids、school 和learning 等词可推测，短文内容与孩子的教育有关。第19 题各选项均为If 条件句，听音时应留意逻辑关系处；第20 题和第21 题各选项均为动词短语，结合语义可推测，可能分别考查下一步的行动计划、针对某事所采取的措施或给出的意见，听音时应留意计划、措施、意见等方面的描述。19.What are some people worried about according to the speaker？

答案：B

详解：短文开头提到，有些人说，如果孩子们不需要去上学，那么他们都会在大街上（乱跑）。因此答案为B。

20.What does the speaker think we could do for the kids who dislike school？

答案：D

详解：短文中提到，如果我们动脑筋给孩子们一点帮助，那些不愿意去上学的孩子就可以找到其他的事情（很多孩子目前在假期里做的事情）去做。也就是说，对于那些不愿意去学校上学的孩子，我们可以给他们设计一些他们

在假期里喜欢做的活动，答案为D。

21.What does the speaker say is the easier thing we could do？

答案：D

详解：短文中提到，有一件事情比较简单，我们可以做到。我们需要把孩子们带出教学楼，给他们一个直接了解这个世界的机会。因此答案为D。

Passage Three

Before there was the written word, there was the language of dance. Dance expresses love and hate, joy and sorrow, life and death, and everything else in between,(22) Dance in America is everywhere. We dance from Florida to Alaska, from horizon to horizon, and coast to coast. We dance at weddings, birthdays, office parties, or just to fill the time. “I can’t imagine doing anything else with my life ,”Bridges runs dance classes for all ages. “Teaching dance is wonderful. My older students say it makes them feel young. It’s marvelous to watch them. (23) For many of them, it’s a way of meeting people and having a social life. So why do we dance?I can tell you about one young couple，”says Bridges. (24)“They arrive at the class in a bad mood, and they leave with a smile. Dancing seems to change their mood completely.”So do we dance in order to make ourselves feel better, calmer, healthier? (25)Andrea Hillier, a dance teacher says, “Dance, like the rhythm of a beating heart, is life. Even after all these years, I want to get better and better. I keep practicing even when I’m exhausted. I find it hard to stop. Dancing reminds me I’m alive.”

Questions 22 and 25 are based on the news report you have just heard.

未听先知：预览四道题各选项，由popular、social activity 和more expressive 等词可推测，短文内容与某种流行的社交活动有关，而且这种社交比较有表达力。第22 题均为对It 的描述，结合主题可知，It 指某种社交活动，听音时注意确定It 所指；结合第23 题各选项语意可知，主语It 指某个具体的事物，可能考查其位置、外观或益处；第24 题考查某物给They 带来的好处，听音时应留意对某物的益处的描述；第25 题则是考查对It 的评价，听音时留意短文结尾处出现选项中关键形容词及其近义词的地方。

22.What does the passage say about the dance in A merica？

答案：C

详解：短文中提到，跳舞在美国处处可见，从佛罗里达到阿拉斯加、从地平线的一端到地平线的另一端、从东海岸到西海岸的美国人都跳舞。婚礼上、生日会上、办公室派对上，甚至是仅仅为了打发时间时，美国人都喜欢跳舞。因此答案为C。

23.What do we know about the Lester Bridges’ dance studio？

答案：D

详解：短文中提到，Lester Bridges 说，对他的很多学生来说，跳舞是一种与人交往、拥有社交生活的方式。也就是说，Lester Bridges 的舞蹈工作室给人们提供了社交的机会，答案为D。

24.What happened to the young couple after they attended Lester Bridges’ in class？

答案：A

详解：短文中提到，Lester Bridges 说他的学生中有一对年轻夫妻，他们来上课的时候情绪不好，但却是带着微笑离开的，看来跳舞彻底改变了他们的情绪。因此答案为A。

25.What does Andrea Hillier say about dancing?

答案：B

详解：短文最后提到了舞蹈老师Andrea Hillier 的话：跳舞就像心脏跳动的节奏，是生命之所在。因此答案为B。

Part ⅢReading Comprehension

Section A

全文翻译：

自从20 世纪40 年代以来，加利福尼亚州南部一直有雾霾出名。虽然现在的情况比以前好一些，但是根据美国肺脏协会，洛杉矶仍然是美国（26）污染物水平最高的城市。从圣塔莫妮卡山上的一家艺术博物馆盖蒂中心俯瞰该城市，你会发现太平洋的景色被雾霾所遮掩。该州糟糕的空气也不仅（27）限于南部。位于中央山谷区的夫勒斯诺市在美国全年污染排行榜上列于首位。居民的心肺（28）因此而受损。

所有这些，再加上加利福尼亚州科技(29)创新之州而闻名，使得该州成为开发和测试（30）详细监测污染系统的理想之地。这也正是旧金山一家名为Aclima 的新公司过去几个月以来一直在做的事情。该公司一直在尝试建立

监测站，这些监测站（31）打算用来生成精确至分钟的（32）室外空气污染地图。这些监测站也能监测包括办公室

在内的建筑物内的空气情况。

为了达到这个目的，Aclima 一直与谷歌的街景系统（33）合作。Aclima 的老板戴维达·赫茨尔说，他们发现污染值高的时候正是旧金山的运输工人罢工而（34）居民不得不使用私家车的时候。相反，“骑车上班”（35）创造了污染低值，效果明显。

选项归类

名词：C)consequence 后果；D)consumers 消费者；F) detail 细节；I) inhabitants 居民；

J) innovation 新；M) pollutants 污染物；O) sum 金额，总和

动词：A) assisted 帮助，协助；B) collaborating 合作；E) creating 创造；K) intended 打算，想要；N) restricted 制；

O) sum 总结

形容词：G)domestic 国内的，家庭的；L) outdoor 户外的；N) restricted 狭小的，有限的

副词：H) frequently 频繁地

详解详析：

26.答案：M) pollutants 污染物

详解：名词辨析题。空格前有介词of，应填入名词。本段第一句提到，加利福尼亚州以雾霾闻名。接着第二句指出，虽然现在的情况比以前好一些，但是洛杉矶仍然是美国水平最高的城市。而下一句也提到了haze（霾）。综合以上信息可知，洛杉矶的污染非常严重。所以本空应填入与“污染”相关的名词，因此答案为M) pollutants 污染物。在备选名词中，能与levels 搭配的只有J) innovation 和M) pollutants，而innovation 放在此处不符合上下文意思，因此排除。

27.答案：N) restricted 狭小的，有限的

详解：动词辨析题。本句是一个倒装句，正常的语序是“The state’s bad air is not to its south.”，空格前有is，应填入形容词或动词分词。本句意为“该州糟糕的空气也不仅南部。”而下一句指出中央山谷区的夫勒斯诺市在美国全年污染排行榜上列于首位，说明加利福尼亚州不仅仅是南部污染严重，其他地区也如此。由此可知本题应填入含有“仅仅是，限于”含义的词，因此本题答案为N) restricted 狭小的，有限的。在备选项中，能与to 搭配的只有K) intended 和N) restricted，而intended 不符合句意，因此排除。

28.答案：C)consequence 后果

详解：名词辨析题。空格前有不定冠词a，因此应填入名词的单数形式。本句意为“居民的心肺受损。”第一段主要介绍了加利福尼亚州的空气污染之严重，由常识可知空气污染的后果之一就是会影响人们的心肺功能。所以，本句与前文有因果关系，应填入含有“结果”意义的名词，因此本题答案为C)consequence 后果。在备选名词中，单数形式有C)consequence、F) detail、J) innovation 和O) sum，而只有consequence 能和as a 搭配构成词组，意为“因此”，所以排除其他选项。

29.答案：J) innovation 新

详解：名词辨析题。空格前有形容词technological，因此应填入名词。该处意为“加利福尼亚州以科技之州而闻名”。由常识可知，加利福尼亚州是许多科技公司的总部所在地，以创新闻名，因此该空应填J) innovation 新。本段提到Aclima 是一家新公司，也会让人想到创新，而且其他备选名词均不符合句意，所以排除。

30.答案：F) detail 细节

详解：名词辨析题。空格前有介词in，应填入名词。该处意为“用来监测污染的系统”而第32 题所在句提到了精确至分钟的空气污染地图，说明这些系统非常全面、详细，因此应填入F) detail 细节。在备选名词中，只有in detail 和in sum 是固定搭配，而in sum 意思是“总之”，不符合句意，因此排除。

31.答案：K) intended 打算，想要

详解：动词辨析题。空格前有are，空格后是to，因此该空很可能填入动词名词。空格所在的定语从句修饰stations，意为“生成精确至分钟的空气污染地图”。下一句指出监测站还能监测室内的空气情况。由此可知本句是在说明监测站的作用，应填入含有“（打算）用来”意义的动词，因此本题答案为K) intended 打算，想要。be intended to 意为“打算……，是用来……”。在备选动词中，能与to 搭配的只有K) intended 和N) restricted，而restricted 不符合句意，因此排除。

32.答案：L) outdoor 户外的

详解：形容词辨析题。空格前是of，空格后是名词短语，因此该空很可能填入形容词。本句及下一句都在介绍这些监测站的作用，而且下一句提到这些监测站也能监测室内的空气情况，关键词是also，说明本句提到的是相对于室内的室外空气污染情况，因此本题答案为L) outdoor 户外的。在备选形容词中，G)domestic 和N) restricted 不符

合句意，因此排除。

33.答案：B) collaborating 合作

详解：动词辨析题。空格前有has been，因此应填动词的现在分词或过去分词形式。本句意为“为了达到这个目的，Aclima 一直与谷歌的街景系统。”谷歌的街景系统可以实时显示街道情况，有助于Aclima 的监测站收

集空气信息，由此可推断Aclima 在与谷歌合作，因此本题答案为B) collaborating 合作。在备选动词中可以首先排

除O) sum，而其他动词都不能与with 搭配，因此排除。

34.答案：I) inhabitants 居民

详解：名词辨析题。空格前有名词所有格the city’s，空格后是were，因此应填入名词复数形式。此处是说，旧金

山的运输工人罢工使得该城市的不得不使用私家车。由句意可知，运输工人罢工的话，人们无法利用公共交

通工具出行，只能被迫开车。本空应填入含有“人们，居民”意义的名词，因此本题答案为I) inhabitants 居民。在

备选的复数名词中，D) consumers 也指人，但是“消费者”覆盖面不够广泛，inhabitants 更加符合句意。

35.答案：E) creating 创造

详解：动词辨析题。空格前是介词by，空格后是名词短语，因此该空很可能填入动词现在分词形式。本句意为“相反，‘骑行上班’效果明显，污染低值。”本句与上一句形成对比，上一句提到运输工人罢工的时候人们都

在开车出行，所以污染值高，而骑行上班会减少汽车的使用，因此污染值低。“cycle to work”产生了这样的效果，因此本空应填含有“产生、带来”含义的词，本题答案为E) creating 创造。在备选动词中，现在分词有B) collaborating

和E) creating，collaborating 是不及物动词，因此排除。

Section B

全文翻译：

当游客挤走当地人时，威尼斯将面临被列入“濒危”名单

A)最近一个秋天的早晨，一大群人堵住了威尼斯最主要的旅游景点之一——里亚托桥——的台阶。里亚托桥

是横跨大运河的四座桥梁之一。它是横跨大运河的最古老的桥梁，也是圣马可和圣保罗区之间的分界线。但是在这一天，事情却有一个意外转折：桥上挤满了威尼斯人，而不是游客。

B)(42)“人们欢呼着，把手推车举到半空中，”乔凡尼·乔治说道。他与一个名为“90 一代”的草根组织一起帮助组织了这次游行。他所说的手推车是指小型购物车，这是真正的威尼斯人的象征。“一开始这只是一个玩笑，” 他笑

着说。“当时的想法是把刀片装在车轮上。你知道吗？像宾虚那样。就是像那样，你只需要出去转转，把人撞倒。”

C)威尼斯是世界上最热门的旅游目的地之一。但那就是一个问题。（39）每天都有高达9 万的游客挤在威尼

斯的街道和运河上——远远超过威尼斯5.5 万名永久居民的数量。游客人数的增长是导致该城市人口从20 世纪50年代的17.5 万人下降到目前人数的一个关键原因。被游客人数远远超过的威尼斯人正在不断的逃离。那些还留在这里

的人去趟市场都要穿过一大片不停咔咔咔拍照的游客，他们已经厌烦了这样的生活。想象一下，在去学校或者上班的

路上要穿过5 万人的人群是怎样的感觉。

D)（44）游行队伍中已经当了奶奶的劳拉·齐吉说，当地政府和国家政府几十年来一直没有对拥挤的游客采

取任何措施，因为他们只对旅游业——威尼斯的主要产业——感兴趣。2015 年威尼斯旅游业价值超过30 亿美元。“威尼斯就是一棵摇钱树，”她说，“每个人都想要分一杯羹。”

E)就在圣马克广场那边，一艘游轮经过，每年都有数百艘这样的游轮出现在这些中世纪建筑的周围。（36）

它们巨大的尾流在水底翻起波浪，导致这些具有数百年历史的建筑的根基松动。“每次一看见游轮，我就会觉得很难过，”齐吉说。“你看到它拖起的烂泥了吗？你看到紧随它而来的毁坏了吗？这对水下支撑着威尼斯城的古老木柱造成

了损害。总有一天，我们将会看到威尼斯土崩瓦解。”

F)有一段时间，联合国教科文组织——联合国的文化组织似乎也这样认为。（41-1）两年前，它就曾警告意大利，指出意大利政府并没有保护威尼斯。联合国教科文组织将整个威尼斯城列为世界遗产地，这是一项极大的荣誉，意味着

在文化层面，威尼斯属于世界上所有的人。（41-2）2014 年，联合国教科文组织给了意大利两年的时间来管理威尼斯繁荣的旅游业，否则这个城市将被列入另一个名单——世界濒危遗产，加入被叙利亚战争摧毁的阿勒颇和巴尔米拉等

遗址的行列。

G)威尼斯的最后期限就在今年夏天毫无声息的过去了，那时联合国教科文组织正在伊斯坦布尔召开大会。只

有来自黎巴嫩的一位代表佳德·塔贝特试图提出这个问题。（38）“多年来，威尼斯的遗产状况一直在恶化，现在已

经到了极度危险的境界，”塔贝特告诉联合国教科文组织。“我们必须采取行动；没有时间让我们浪费了。”

H)但是，联合国的教科文组织甚至都没有进行投票。“它已被推迟至2017 年，”安娜·萨默斯说。安娜·萨

默斯是《艺术报》的创始人兼首席执行官，同时也是“危在旦夕的威尼斯“组织的前负责人，该组织致力于恢复威尼斯的艺术。（45）她说，联合国的这一文化组织之所以没有投票宣布威尼斯成为世界濒危遗产地，主要原因是联合国教科文组织已经变得“极度政治化了。会有一些幕后谈判。”

I)意大利以拥有比世界上其他任何国家都多的联合国教科文组织世界遗产地而自豪，这也赋予了它在联合国教科文组织内相当大的权力和影响力。联合国教科文组织世界遗产中心负责监管遗产地，其前任负责人是威尼斯人弗朗西斯科·班德林，他现在担任联合国教科文组织文化助理总干事。

J)（37）今年早些时候，意大利与联合国教科文组织签署了一项正式协议，建议一个由警察艺术侦探和考古学家组成的工作组，以保护文化遗产免受自然灾害和诸如“伊斯兰国”等恐怖组织都破坏。该协议强调了意大利作为艺术和文化的良好保护者的全球声誉。

K)但将威尼斯列入联合国教科文组织濒危名单——这一名单主要被发展中国家和冲突缠身的国家所占据——将会是一个国际尴尬局面，甚至可能会伤害意大利有利可图的旅游业。意大利文化部表示，它并未察觉政府试图向联合国教科文组织施加压力。至于联合国教科文组织本身，它拒绝了采访的要求。

L)（43）该市现任市长路易吉·布鲁加洛嘲笑了联合国教科文组织，让它少管闲事，同时他继续支持雇用了5,000 名威尼斯人的游轮行业。

M)而对于威尼斯人来说，他们极度沮丧，希望很快能有解决方案。“这对我来说是一场噩梦。到处都是游客，有些局面真的很难，”乔治在里亚托桥上穿越人山人海时这样说道。“他们人真的是太多了。他们永远不知道他们要去哪里，也不会有条不紊地走路。在街道上穿行会让人感到筋疲力尽。”

N)接着他突然意识到：这个人群不是游客组成的。他们都是威尼斯人。乔治说22 年来他从未在里亚托桥上有过这样的经历。“这一次是我们正在堵塞交通，”他开心地说道。“这让人感到不真实。感觉我们就像是某种形式的濒危物种。这很好。这种感觉很纯粹。”（40）但是，他也担心，如果旅游也得不到管控，他的威尼斯同乡们继续移居大陆，他们这一代人可能就是最后一代可以称自己为威尼斯人的人了。

详解详析：

详解：定位段第一句指出，就在圣马克广场那边，每年都有数百艘游轮出现在这些中世纪建筑的周围。第二句接着指出，这些游轮的巨大尾流在水底翻起波浪，导致这些具有数百年历史的建筑的根基松动。由此可见，穿行的游轮将会破

详解：文章J 段第一句提到，今年早些时候，意大利与联合国教科文组织签署了一项正式协议，建立一个由警察艺术侦探和考古学家组成的工作组，以保护文化遗产免受自然灾害和诸如“伊斯兰国”等恐怖组织的破坏。题干中的reached an agreement 对应原文中的signed an accord；题干中的take measures to protect its cultural heritage 对应原文

详解：文章G 段第三句引用了联合国教科文组织代表佳德·塔贝特的话：多年来，威尼斯的遗产状况一直在恶化，现在已经到了极度危险的境地。题干中的The heritage situation in Venice 对应原文中的the situation of heritage in Venice;题干中的has been deteriorating 对应原文中的has been worsening;题干中的in the past few years 对应原文中的

详解：定位句提到，每天都有高达9 万的游客挤在威尼斯的街道和运河上——远远超过威尼斯5.5 万名永久居民的数量。游客人数的增长是导致该城市人口从20 世纪50 年代的17.5 万人下降到目前人数的一个关键原因。题干是对这两句的概括归纳，故答案为C。

详解：定位段最后一句提到乔治的担心：如果旅游业得不到管控，他的威尼斯同乡们继续移居大陆，他们这一代人可能就是最后一代可以称自己为威尼斯人的人了。换句话说，如果旅游业失控，威尼斯当地人终有一天可能会全部离开这座

四句又指出2014 年，联合国教科文组织给了意大利两年的时间来管理威尼斯繁荣的旅游业，否则这个城市将被列入世界濒危遗产名单。换句话说，联合国教科文组织在敦促意大利政府保护威尼斯，如果做不到，会采取惩罚措施。题干

详解：定位段首句引用乔凡尼·乔治的话，介绍了游行的情况：人们欢呼着，把手推车举到半空中。第二句接着指出，乔治所说的手推车是小型购物车，这是真正的威尼斯人的象征。题干中的100% local residents 对应原文中的a

支持雇佣了5，000 名威尼斯人的游轮行业。题干中的maintains his support of the city's tourism industry 与原文中的

游业感兴趣，2015 年威尼斯旅游业价值超过30 亿美元。换句话说，意大利政府和地方当局只关注旅游收入，题干中的only focused on the revenues from tourism 是对原文中的only interested in tourism 的同义转述，故本题答案为D。

详解：定位段第三句提到，安娜·萨默斯说，联合国的这一文化组织之所以没有投票宣布威尼斯成为世界濒危遗产地，主要原因是联合国教科文组织已经变得“极度政治化了”。换句话说，联合国教科文组织还没有决定是否将威尼斯列入世界濒危遗产名录，题干是对定位句的概括归纳，故本题的答案为H。

Section C

Passage One

全文翻译：

（46）一项研究表明，在城市中，居住在有绿色空间的地方会对人们的心理健康产生持久的积极影响。英国研究人员发现，不同于升职、加薪那样只会让人们得到短期的激励，搬到绿色空间居住会给人们带来持续的积极影响。来自英国埃克塞特大学的合著者马修·怀特解释说，这项研究表明，生活在绿色更好的城市地区的人们表现出的抑郁或焦虑迹象较少。（47）“其原因可能有很多，”他说，“比如，人们为了让自己更快乐，会做很多事情：他们会争取晋升或加薪，或者结婚。但问题是，在六个月到一年的时间内，人们的幸福水平又会恢复到最初的基准状态。因此，这些事情不具有可持续性；从长远来看，这些事情并不会让我们快乐。我们发现，对于那些中了50 多万英镑的彩票得主，这种积极的影响确实是存在的，但六个月到一年时间以后，他们又会回到基准状态。”

（48）怀特博士说，他的研究小组想知道生活在绿化更好的城市地区是否会对人们的幸福感产生持久的积极影响以及这种积极影响是否在一段时间以后也会消失。为了做到这一点，该研究小组使用了埃塞克斯大学编制的“英国家庭小组调查”中的数据。

在解释数据所揭示的内容时，他说：“你所看到的是，即使在三年后，人们的心理健康仍然更好，这不同于许多我们认为会让自己快乐的事情。”（49）他评论道，生活在绿色空间的人们压力更小，而压力小的人会做出更明智的决定，且与人交流也会更顺畅。

越来越多的证据表明，城市绿色空间与其对人类的幸福的积极影响之间存在联系，怀特博士说：“公共政策官员对此兴趣越来越浓厚，但问题是谁来提供资金。（50）在政策层面上，我们真正需要做的决定是从哪里获得资金来支持高质量的当地绿色空间。”

详解详析：

46.答案：B

定位：由题干中的study 和green spaces 定位到首段第一句：Living in an urban area with green spaces has a long-lasting positive impact on people's mental well-being, a study has suggested.

详解：判断推理题。文章首段第一句指出，一项研究表明，在城市，居住在有绿色空间的地方会对人们的心理健康产生持久的积极影响。由此可知，绿色空间会增加人们的持续幸福感，故答案为B。

点睛：A)“提高他们的工作效率”，原文并未提及相关信息，故排除；C)“帮助他们建立积极的人生态度”，首段第三句提到，生活在绿化更好的城市地区的人们表现出抑郁或焦虑迹象较少，而非帮助他们建立积极的人生态度，本选项为过度推理，故排除；D)“减少他们对物质生活水平的忧虑”，首段第一句提到，居住在有绿色空间的地方会对人们的心理健康产生持久的积极影响，而非减少他们对物质生活水平的忧虑，故排除。

47.答案：A

定位：由题干中的Dr. White 和make themselves happier 定位到首段第四句："There could be a number of reasons," he said, "for example, people do many things to make themselves happier: they strive for promotion or pay rises, or they get married…”

详解：事实细节题。文章首段第四句提到，怀特博士认为人们为了让自己更快乐，会做很多事情：他们会争取晋升或加薪，或者结婚。由此可知，人们为了让自己更快乐，经常会去赚更多的钱，故答案为A。

点睛：B)“在城市定居”和C)“赢得名誉和声望”，文中并没有提到，故均排除；D)“生活在绿色环境中”，并非人们的常规做法，故排除。

48.答案：C

定位：由题干中的find out 和living in a greener urban area 定位到第二段第一句：Dr. White said his team wanted to see whether living in greener urban areas had a lasting positive effect on people's sense of well-being or whether the effect also disappeared after a period of time.

详解：事实细节题。文章第二段第一句指出，怀特博士说，他的研究小组想知道生活在绿化更好的城市地区是否会对人们的幸福感产生持久的积极影响以及这种积极影响是否在一段时间以后也会消失。由此可知，怀特博士想发现生活在绿化更好的城市地区对人们有多长时间的积极影响，故答案为C。

点睛：A)“它是如何影响不同人群的”，原文并未提及，故排除；B)“其积极影响会有多大”，定位句指出，

怀特博士想研究的是这种积极影响是否在一段时间以后会消失，即想知道这种影响的持续时长，而非强度，故排除；D)“它是如何使人类的身体受益的”，原文未提及，故排除。

49.答案：D

定位：由题干中的Dr.White's research和reveal定位到第三段：Explaining what the data revealed,he said:"What you see is that even after three years, mental health is still better, which is unlike many other things that we think will make us happy." He observed that people living in green spaces were less stressed, and less stressed people made more sensible decisions and communicated better.

详解：事实细节题。第三段第二句提到，他评论道。生活在绿色空间的人们压力更小，而压力小的人经常会做

出更明智的决定，且与人交流也会更顺畅。由此可知，生活在绿色环境中，可以改善与他人的沟通，故答案为D)。

点睛：A)“他们的压力比实际的更明显”，定位句指出生活在绿色空间的人们压力会更小，该项与原文表述不

一致，故排除；B)“他们做决定不需要深思熟虑”，定位句指出，生活在绿色空间的人们因为压力小，所以经常会做出更明智的决定，而非做决定不需要深思熟虑，本选项表述与定位句不一致，故排除；C)“他们的记忆力得到极大的加强”，原文并未提及，故排除。

50.答案：A

定位：由题干中的the government 和build 定位到最后一段最后一句：What we really need at a policy level is to decide where the money will come from to help support good quality local green spaces.

详解：推理判断题。最后一段最后一句提到，在政策层面上，我们真正需要做的决定是从哪里获得资金来支持

高质量的当地绿色空间。由此可知，政府应找到资金来支持绿色空间的构建，故答案为A)。

点睛：B)“改善城市规划”、C)“让当地居民一起努力”和D)“提高公众对于此问题的意识”文中均没有提及，故排除。

Passage Two

全文翻译：

你可能听说过泰坦尼克号，但实际上它只是当时最先进的三艘海轮之一。奥林匹克级邮轮是北爱尔兰的哈兰德与沃尔夫船厂为英国白星航运公司建造的。该级别的邮轮共有三艘，分别是奥林匹克号、不列颠号和泰坦尼克号。

你可能不知道的是，泰坦尼克号甚至不是奥林匹克级邮轮的旗舰。（51）总而言之，奥林匹克级邮轮是海上工程的奇迹，但他们似乎注定要遭受灾难性的命运。

奥林匹克号于1910 年首次起航，泰坦尼克号也于1911 年第一次下水，最后不列颠号于1914 年起航。（52）这些邮轮共有九层甲板，白星航运公司决定把重点放在将它们打造成水上最豪华的船只。

奥林匹克级邮轮长达269.13 米，是舰船技术的奇迹，每个人都认为在很长时间内，这些轮船都会保持这个桂冠。然而，这些豪华邮轮都在公海上遭遇了可怕的事故。在泰坦尼克号沉没之前，奥林匹克号就曾失事，但只有奥林匹克号幸存下来并持续航行了24 年成功的航运生涯。1912 年，众所周知，泰坦尼克号撞上了一座巨大的冰山，成为第一艘

沉没的奥林匹克级邮轮。这场灾难之后，不列颠号于1916 年触雷沉没。

每艘船都有几台锅炉燃煤已产生动力，这些锅炉由甲板下面精疲力竭的船员持续运转。（53）最容易辨认的船型设计是船上的烟囱，但实际上第四个烟囱本质上只有具有艺术价值，没有任何实际功能。（54）虽然这两艘船只沉没了，但它们都是双船体设计，据说这种设计可令船只“永不沉没”，也许正是这个错误的想法导致了泰坦尼克号和不列颠号的悲剧结局。

在第一次世界大战中，奥林匹克号与其他船只发生了两次碰撞，后来又负责医疗和军队的运输。（55）奥林匹克号最终于1935 年退役，结束了豪华的奥林匹克级远洋客轮时代。

详解详析：

51.答案：C

定位：由题干中的three Olympic class ships 定位到第一段最后一句：All in all, the Olympic class ships were marvels of sea engineering, but they seemed cursed to suffer disastrous fates.

详解：事实细节题。第一段最后一句指出，总而言之，奥林匹克级邮轮是海上工程的奇迹，但他们似乎注定要遭受灾难性的命运。由此可知，三艘奥林匹克级邮轮都遭受了可怕的灾难，故答案为C。

点睛：A)“它们在海上表现非凡”，本选项是对定位句中的marvels 所设的干扰项，定位句指出，奥林匹克级邮轮是海上工程的奇迹，但似乎注定要遭受灾难性的命运，由此可知它们的表现并不好，故排除；B)“它们都可以撞碎前进道路上的冰”，本文第三段倒数第二句指出，1912 年，泰坦尼克号撞上了一座巨大的冰山，成为第一艘沉没的奥林匹克级邮轮，由此可知，它们并非不怕冰山，故排除；D)“它们曾是现代工程的典范”，文章第一段最后一句指出，奥林匹克级邮轮是海上工程的奇迹，而非现代工程的典范，故排除。

52.答案：B

定位：由题干中的White Star Line 和purchased 定位到第二段第二句：The ships had nine decks, and White Star Line decided to focus on making them the most luxurious ships on the water.

详解：事实细节题。文章第二段第二句指出，白星航运公司决定把重点放在将它们打造成水上最豪华的船只。由此可知，白星航运公司在购买这三艘邮轮时，想让顾客体验到最舒适的享受，故答案为B。

点睛：A)“它们可在各种水域中行驶的能力”，C)“它们可以抵御各种灾难的能力”和D)“它们可以进行长途航行”，原文均未提及，故排除。

53.答案：A

定位：由题干中的the fourth stack of the ships 定位到第四段第二句：Most recognizable of the ship designs are the ship's smoke stacks, but the fourth stack was actually just artistic in nature and served no functional purpose.

详解：事实细节题。第四段第二句提到，最容易辨认的船型设计是船上的烟囱，但实际上第四个烟囱本质上只具有艺术价值，没有任何实际功能。由此可知，第四个烟囱只是一个装饰品，故答案为A。

点睛：D)“它是一名著名艺术家的作品”，原文并未提及，故排除；C)“该设计旨在排出额外的烟”，定位句指出，该设计没有任何实际功能，本选项与原文表述不一致，故排除；D)“从远处就可以很容易地辨认出它来”，原文并未提及，故排除。

54.答案：D

定位：由题干中的the tragic end of the Titanic and the Britannic 定位到第四段第三句：While two of these ships sank, they were all designed with double hulls (船体) believed to make them "unsinkable", perhaps a mistaken idea that led to the Titanic's and the Britannic's tragic end.

详解：事实细节题。第四段第三句指出，这两艘轮船都是双船体设计，据说这种设计可令船只“永不沉没”，也许正是这个错误的想法导致了泰坦尼克号和不列颠号的悲剧结局。由此可知，泰坦尼克号和不列颠号的悲剧有可能是因为“双船体设计”可以令船永不沉没的想法，故答案为D。

点睛：A)“它们的设计不科学”和B)“船长判断失误”，原文并未提及，故排除；C)“它们是用最新的技术建造而成的假象”与定位句表述不一致，故排除。

55.答案：D

定位：由题干中的the ship Olympic in the end 定位到文章最后一段最后一句：Eventually, she was taken out of service in 1935, ending the era of the luxurious Olympic class ocean liners.

详解：事实细节题。最后一段最后一句提到，奥林匹克号最终于1935 年退役，结束了豪华的奥林匹克级远洋客轮时代。由此可知，奥林匹克号在海军服役后，于1935 年退役了，故答案为D。

点睛：A)“它被用来运输军队”，这是奥林匹克号之前的用途，并非最终结局，故排除；B)“它在第一次世界大战中沉没了”，文章最后一段第一句指出，在第一次世界大战中，奥林匹克号与其他船只发生了两次碰撞，但并没有沉没，故排除；C)“它被改成了一艘医用船”，文章最后一段第一句指出，奥林匹克号曾负责医疗和军队的运输，这是奥林匹克号之前的用途，并非最终结局，故排除。

Part ⅣTranslation

参考译文

Buses used to be the main means of transportation for the Chinese people. In recent years, with the number of private cars increasing, cities have been facing increasingly severe traffic problems. To encourage more people to travel by bus, many cities have been making efforts to improve their bus service quality. Bus facilities have been continuously renovated, and the bus speed has also increased dramatically. However, the prices of buses are still quite cheap. Noe, in most cities, many local elderly citizens can take a bus for free.

难点注释

1.第一句中有时态提示词“曾”，因此要用过去时；“主要交通工具”可以译为the main/major means of transportation。

2.翻译第二句时，要注意应该用现在完成时；“私家车数量”可以译为the number of private cars或private car ownership；“交通问题”可以直译为traffic problems，也可以具体翻译为traffic jams。

3.翻译第三句时，要注意时态的确定，“一直在……”表示一直进行的事情，且属于已经发生的事，应该用现在完成进行时；“乘坐公交车出行”可译为travel/get around by bus；“改善公交车的服务质量”可译为improve bus service quality。

4.翻译第四句时，“车辆的设施不断……，车速也……”前后属于并列关系；“车辆的设施”可译为bus facilities;“车速”可译为the bus speed。

5.翻译第五句时，注意前后的转折关系；“相当低廉”可译为quite cheap/affordable。

6.翻译第六句时，“当地老年市民”可译为local elderly/senior citizens；“免费乘坐公交车”可译为take a bus for free 或者意译为be entitled to free bus rides.

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