北京中考英语阅读理解试题点评

2014北京中考英语阅读理解试题点评：文章易懂，选题较难

一、试卷概述

在中考120分的试卷里，阅读占据46分的比重。让每一位考生都不敢小觑，因此也就有了师生相互传说的“得阅读者得天下”。故此每一年，阅读都是学生考试得分的关键，也是影响答题状态、心态和情绪的重要因素。容不得有半点儿闪失，不能有任何的马虎与侥幸。纵观今年阅读题，几大板块依然延续往年的命题规律，总体上命题相对平稳，中考新政策对于英语的动刀力度最小。所以对于本届的考生来说，算是稳坐中山。

二、题型分布：

根据学生反馈信息，今年并没有新题、生题出现，依然延续以往的题型分布。从整体来看，难度适中，文章涉及内容对于学生而言并不陌生。相对而言难度主要集中在C、D篇。从题材来看，C篇是说明文，D篇是议论文；从内容来看，C篇以学生进教室选座为导入，讲人们倾向于与自己相同的群体接触；D篇主要讨论子女与父母相处的问题。学生反应文章易懂，选题较难。

三、命题趋势：

根据学生反馈信息，今年并没有新题、生题出现，依然延续以往四大题型细节题，推断题，猜题题，主旨题。从整体来看，难度适中，文章涉及内容对于学生而言并不陌生。相对而言难度主要集中在C、D篇。从题材来看，C篇是说明文，D篇是议论文；从内容来看，C篇以学生进教室选座为导入，讲人们倾向于与自己相同的群体接触；D篇主要讨论子女与父母相处的问题。学生反应文章易懂，选题较难。

四、答题技巧：

中考是一个凸显公平的考试，不会因为背景知识的欠缺而给学生造成过大的困扰，学生们应学会透过现象看本质，弄清对应题型是什么，然后顺藤摸瓜，依照平日的答题技巧进行答题，则难度不会很大。

1. 细节题——严格按照三步走：首先看题目，划出关键词，区分不同选项；其次根据所划关键词回归原文定位；最后比对原文和选项，选出正确答案。此类题型属于阅读里难度最小的一类，通过练习可以做到百分百不丢分；

2. 推断题——考查短文中对作者意图或文章中人物观点的理解，以及能从短文内容中推断出结论和作者的弦外之音等。对此要求学生把握住两点：一答案来源于原文，但不等同于原文；二是答案必须要忠实于原文，不能主观臆断。

此类题型，我们平时接触的较多，这里可以移花接木，巧妙转移一下，比如13年真题里我们就曾遇到过：

56. We can tell that the problem of bodychecking in Canada ______.

A. is controlled strictly

B. is taken more seriously now

C. is caused by playe rs’ carelessness

D. is c onnected with players’ interest

根据关键词“bodychecking in Canada，可定位至原文开头，根据“… has dropp ed. Hockey Canada has followed … in preventing bodychecking”不难判断，加拿大更对待身体拦截问题的态度更加严格了，确定选项B为正确答案。错误选项A所述的“管控更加严格”，错误选项C 所述的“由运动员的粗心所致”，错误选项D所述的“和运动员的兴趣挂钩”在文章中并无明确印证，属于无中生有的情况。

3. 主旨大意题——把握文章的首段、尾段以及各段的首句。同时找出文章的核心词，然后看作者对此的观点态度。为了准备命中此类题型，我们反复分析其错误选项，明了对方陷阱，才能不落入敌人圈套。主旨题的错误选项通常是文章某一自然段的大意，或者文章核心思想的扩大，也有时是文章核心意思的缩小。

4. 猜词题——考查短文中词语的含义。我们可以利用阅读材料的信息，结合上下文来判断其特定含义，或者根据句子的语法关系分析、挖掘其含义。

五、2015中考预备起，希望大家能做到：

1. 夯实基础，暑假打好词汇的地基。一切的方法都是建立在一定的基础之上的。而词汇则是助我们攀登高峰的终极法宝；

2. 提前准备，未雨绸缪。我们是赶上改革的一届，从14年的考试中并没有看出多少改革的痕迹，所以接下来的几年中考，慢慢朝着改革过渡是必然的，所以一定要提前准备，未雨绸缪，争取拿到一手的信息和资料；

3. 树立全局观念。中考是所有北京市学生的一个比拼，一场较量，所以从初二的最后一次期末考试开始，我们需要让自己的眼光着眼全北京的学生，看一看其他城区学生的水平，对比自身，为自己定立合理长远的目标。千里之行始于足下。

4. 磨刀不误砍柴功。学生要学会寻找一个适合自己的方法和技巧。如前所说的每一种题型，课上都会带着大家反复的练，反复的磨，为的就是希望学生可以真正的掌握，真正的运用。所以提前寻找一个适合自己的方法，对于15届的考生而言，是一个首要任务。

“五选四”阅读题

一.命题原则

随着中考改革的不断深入，对英语的考查已不仅仅局限在对知识和语法的考察和应用，而是越来越突出语言的工具性和交际性，考查学生对文字材料的理解程度和对相关信息的捕捉、获取、提炼和分析推断能力，尤其是能够把握文章的中心大意的能力。因而，在这个英语学习改革大潮的推动下，2010年北京市中考对英语作了大胆尝试，进行了题型上的改革和创新，在阅读理解中增加了五选四的阅读填空题，或者称之为信息回填题。

二.出题方式

五选四，即在一段约为200字左右的短文中留出四个空白，要求考生从给出的五个选项中选出4个最佳选项填入短文中的空缺处，使补足后的短文意思通顺、前后连贯。这类题型主要考查考生的词汇、语感和语境能力，考生对整个语篇、语段的连贯性、一致性和逻辑关系的理解能力。对于这个新题型，考生在解题方面会有困难。

三，题型特点

1．这类题型充分体现了英语新课程标准对初中毕业生的目标要求：促使学生形成积极的情感态度、主动思维和大胆实践、提高跨文化意识和形成自主学习的能力；考生必须具备对所获信息进行加工、处理的能力。如果想准确深刻的理解一篇文章，必须对文章的结构有所了解，把握住全篇的方向，即词-句-文之间的关系。

2．注重考查学生的逻辑思维能力。此类新题型不仅要求考生具备词汇、句子、语段、语篇等方面的知识，而且要有辩证、综合、分析、归纳方面的逻辑思维能力。这也是阅读理解的核心和关键所在。

3．五选四不仅考查学生的知识面、逻辑分析、思维反应、词汇量和概括能力等，同时侧重考查学生对全文整体理解和解决实际问题的能力。此类题型有利于学生培养逻辑思维、概括总结等阅读能力。

4．题型新颖。具有浓厚的时代气息和较高的真实性，符合新课标理念下的初中英语教学实际，并与学生的学习经历和生活经历相关联，保证了试题的效度和信度。

四，命题类型

五选四文章选材主要是记叙文、说明文和情景对话。不同体裁，有不同的写作方法，有不同的特点和格式，也有符合不同文体的语言。因此，对于考生而言，判断出文章体裁对于理解文章大意，分析结构，找准过渡句有很大帮助。

虽然体裁各有不同，但是写作思路和短文结构基本上是一致的，这和语文阅读有时是一样的。即“总-分-总”“总-分”“分-总”结构，而英语文章，采用第一种结构的较多。

对于记叙文，作者可能首先交代整个事件及其人物、时间、地点和结果，然后记叙事件发生的过程；对于说明文，作者首先会提出一个说明的对象，然后从不同的角度对其介绍、解释原因或说明理由，最后得出结果、提出建议、想法或希望；对于情景对话，作者旨在培养学生在具体交际情景下的语感和上下文衔接能力。

五，做题方法及步骤

方法：逻辑关系解题法；就近解题法；排除解题法。

第一步：通读全文，尤其是首段末段，抓住文章的主旨大意。

第二步：通读选项，了解每个选项的意思，以做到心中有数，至少能知道可以供选择的意思范围，在短时间内找出正确的答案。

第三步：回到文章中的空白处，分析空白处的山下文，结合前面的解题方法找出需要的选项。

第四步：把所选择的选项代入原文，检查文章前后是否连贯，所选选项是否和文章的主旨大意相吻合。

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