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句子结构常见错误

Sentence Structure Problems

英语句子是受严格的语法规则制约的，在写作中如果违背这些规则，那么写出的句子就会使人无法理解，或引起歧义。要想避免发生这

些情况，在写作时就必须处理好句子结构方面的几个问题。我们对

常犯的写作错误进行了归纳。残缺句、接排句、误置修饰语和悬垂

修饰语是句子结构中最常见的错误。我将对这些问题逐一进行分析，以帮助大家弄清写作中出现这些问题的原因，并掌握纠正错误的方法

残缺句(Sentence Fragments)

所谓残缺句，顾名思义，就是指不能独立成句的一个不完整的

句子片断。尽管残缺句在形式上像句子一样是以大写字母开头，

并在结尾处带有标点，然而在逻辑上并不能单独表达一个完整

的意思,仅是一组词而已。请看下列句子：

Fragment Wondering what his son was going to do．

Revised Sentence Mr．Smith had been wondering what his son was

going to do．

Fragment Some errors in writing are serious．For example，

fragments and run—on sentences．

Revised Sentences Some errors in writing are serious，for example，

fragments and run—on sentences．

OR Some errors in writing are serious，among which are

fragments and run-on sentences

虽然句子的残缺以各种形式出现，但最常见的形式是被分隔开的从句和以各种形式拆开的短语，如句号错误(period fault)。

Fragments

Having driven across the desert．We enjoyed the cool weather．

He enjoys flowers and shrubs．Which help screen his yard from

the street．

Revised Sentences

Having driven across the desert，we enjoyed the cool weather．

He enjoys flowers and shrubs，which help screen his yard

from the street．

He enjoys flowers and shrubs．They help screen his yard from

the street．

在写作中要经常检查句子的残缺问题，特别要注意那些以从属

连词或短语等开头的句子，这些词都是“危险词”。要确定以这

些词开始的每个从句，都应附属于一个独立的句子。

避免残缺句的最好办法是注意区别句子和句子的一部分。我们

知道句子的最基本特点是在语法和逻辑上是一个完整的意义表

达单位。它至少具有一个主语和谓语。动词的非限定形式不能

在句中作为谓语单独使用，除非是在如Where to go tonight?简

短的问句中。因此在写句子时要特别注意。

改写残缺句主要有以下两种方法：

1将句中用的句号变成逗号，或把分隔开的短语或从句同它所属

的句子合并成一个能表达完整意思的句子。例如：

Fragments

Since there is a lack of interest．There is a great lack of information．

You should make a determined effort to avoid sentence fragments．

Because they are considered serious mistakes in writing．

I look forward to holidays．For example, Thanksgiving and

Christmas．

Revised Sentences

Since there is a lack of interest，there is a great lack of information.

You should make a determined effort to avoid sentence fragments

because they are considered serious mistakes in writing．

I look forward to holidays，for example，Thanksgiving and

Christmas．

2）把残缺句扩展到主句中，或通过添加或减少某些成分。把残缺

改写为独立、完整的句子。例如：

Fragments

I am interested only in the properties of citrus fruit．Such as

lemons，oranges，and grapefruit．

Having no money and being lonely in the big city.

It was difficult to decide. which choice to make．To return to school or to accept the job．

Revised Sentences

I am interested only in the properties of citrus fruit. Examples are

lemons，oranges，and grapefruit．

Having no money and being lonely in the big city，the women

committed suicide．

It was difficult to decide whether to return to school or to accept

the job．

Directions：Try to revise the following fragments in one or more than

one way．

1．Because some students have part-time jobs in addition to going

to school

2．The table was covered with fresh vegetables．Such as lettuce，

carrots，spinach，and squash．

3．Joe tries to call home once a week．To be in touch with his family

4. He made a point of entering each misspelled word in a notebook. Which

he kept for that purpose.

5. It was a wonderful week. Fishing and swimming every day and dancing

every night.

Revised sentences

1．Because some students have part-time jobs in addition to full-time

class work，they have very little free time．

2．The table was covered with fresh vegetables such as lettuce，carrots，spinach and squash．

3．Joe tries to call home once a week to keep in touch with his family．

4．He made a point of entering each misspelled word in a notebook，which he kept for that purpose．

5．It was a wonderful week．We went fishing and swimming every

day and dancing every night．

OR：It was a wonderful week．We fished and swam every day and

danced every night．

2．接排句(Run-on Sentence)

所谓接排句就是两个或更多的句子混合交织在一起，而没有正确

的标点符号标明它们之间关系的句子。这样的句子，意思含混不

清，使读者不能理解各部分之间的关系。接排句有两种形式:一是

融合句(fused sentence)，即在句子之间没有标点符号和句间连接词；

另一种更为常见的形式是逗号连接(comma splice)，即没有并列连

词，只用逗号代替分号和句号，把两个完整的意思连接起来.请看

例句:

Fused Sentences

1. The girls scored higher in math the boys scored higher in verbal skills．

2. Gestures are a means of communication for everyone they are

essential for the hearing-impaired．

Comma Splices

1. Education is an elusive word, it often means different things

to different people．

2. Hikers would especially enjoy a vacation at Yellowstone National Park，the park consists of two million acres of backcountry．

改正接排句的基本方法可根据句子之间的不同关系分为以下5种

1.用句号分隔。当长句或两个句子之间的关系不是很密切或毫无

关系时，可使用这种方法。例如：

Revised Sentences

The girls scored higher in math．The boys scored higher in verbal skills．

Gestures are a means of communication for everyone．They

are essential for the hearing-impaired．

Education is an elusive word．It often means different things to different people．

Hikers would especially enjoy a vacation at Yellowstone National Park．The park consists of two million acres of backcountry

2 用分号隔开。用分号连接两个独立的分句时，它们之间的关系

在意义和语法结构上比起使用句号时，关系较紧密。Revised Sentences

The girls scored higher in math；the boys scored higher in

verbal skills．

Gestures are a means of communication for everyone；they

are essential for the hearing—impaired．

Education is an elusive word；it often means different things

to different people．

Hikers would especially enjoy a vacation at Yellowstone National Park；the park consists of two million acres of backcountry．

3使用并列连词连接。当接排的句子之间关系紧密，容易辨别且合乎逻辑时，可以借助并列连词来连接，通常在这些连词前要加上逗号。

Revised Sentences

The girls scored higher in math，and／but the boys scored

higher in verbal skills．

Gestures are a means of communication for everyone，but

they are essential for the hearing—impaired．

Education is an elusive word，for it often means different

things to different people．

Yellowstone National Park consists of two million acres of backcountry，and hikers would especially enjoy a vacation there．

4使用连接副词连接。根据作者的意图和句子的需要。接排的句子可以使用连接副词来连接。这时，句子之间要用分号。在连接副词的后面还要加逗号，但是一般在单音节的连词后不加逗号。如so，yet。thus等.

Revised Sentences

The girls scored higher in math；however，the boys scored higher

in verbal skills．

Gestures are a means of communication for everyone; neverthe1ess，they are essential for the hearing-impaired．

Education is an elusive word; indeed, it often means different

things to different people．

Yellowstone National Park consists of two million acres of backcountry; therefore, hikers would especially enjoy a vacation there．

5.使用从属连词、关系副词或关系代词连接. 当可以判断出一个

句子从逻辑上或意义上从属于另一个句子时, 可以将此接排句

改写成复合句。

Revised Sentences

The girls scored higher in math，while the boys scored higher

in verbal skills．

Although gestures are a means of communication for everyone，

they are essential for the hearing-impaired．

The power failure caused a blackout which created a lot of problems．

Hikers would especially enjoy a vacation at Yellowstone National Park，which consists of two million acres of backcountry

Directions: Revise the following run-on sentences

1．Women no longer need to move into the traditionally male professions they have already opened most of the doors to

desirable career paths．

2．I called for a reservation at a famous restaurant in town，all the tables were taken before the Dragon Boat Festival．

3．Eric was late to work he ran all the way．

Revised sentences

1．Women no longer need to move into the traditionally male professions，for they have already opened most of the doors

to desirable career paths．

OR：Women no longer need to move into the traditionally male

professions；they have already opened most of the doors to

desirable career paths．

OR：Women no longer need to move into the traditionally male

professions．They have already opened most of the doors to

desirable career paths．

OR：Because women have already opened most of the doors to desirable career paths，they no longer need to move into the

traditionally male professions．

2．I called for a reservation at a famous restaurant in town．All the tables were taken before the Dragon Boat Festival．

OR：I called for a reservation at a famous restaurant in town，but all the tables were taken before the Dragon Boat Festival．

OR：I called for a reservation at a famous restaurant in town；

however，all the tables were taken before the Dragon Boat

Festival．

OR：I called for a reservation at a famous restaurant in town；all the tables were taken before the Dragon Boat Festival．

OR：Although I called for a reservation at a famous restaurant in

town，all the tables were taken before the Dragon Boat Festival．

3．Eric was late to work，so he ran all the way．

or：Eric ran all the way；otherwise，he could have been late to

work．

or：Because Eric was late to work，he ran all the way．

or：Eric ran all the way because he was late to work．

or：Eric was late to work although he ran all the way．

Directions: Identify and correct serious errors(such as fragments·

fused sentences and comma splices)in each of the following．

1．Without telling anyone，even her sister，Mary，going to the

park，meeting her friends．

2．The physics problems were just impossible，they took all day to do·

3．That the course was so hard we all studied day and night, with no one getting an A or a B．

4．I knocked on／at the door when the lady came I gave her most in- gratiating smile．

5．Why do you ask what concern is it of yours?

6．Getting married is easy，staying married is a different matter.

7．Michelle tried each of the appetizers on the table．And then found

that，when the dinner arrived，her appetite had gone·

8．She didn’t know what to say to his annou ncement，she was not at

a complete loss for words，either．

Revised sentences

1．Without telling anyone，not even her sister，Mary went to the

park to meet her friends．

2．The physics problems were just impossible；therefore，they took all day to do．

3．The course was so hard that we all studied day and night，with no one getting an A or a B．

4．I knocked on／at the door．When the lady came，I gave her most

ingratiating smile．

5．Why do you ask? What concern is it of yours?

6．Getting married is easy；staying married is a different matter．

OR：Getting married is easy，but staying married is a different

matter．

OR：Although getting married is easy，staying married is a different matter．

7．Michelle tried each of the appetizers on the table．She

then found that，when the dinner arrived，her appetite had gone．

8．She didn’t know what to say to his announcement，nor was she at

a complete loss for words，either.

OR：She was neither ready with a response

nor at a complete loss for words．

3. 误置修饰语（Misplaced Modifiers）

在写作中，为了使句子生动和更具有吸引力，常常需要添加修饰语。

按照英语构句规则，充当定语或状语的词、短语或从句必须尽可能地靠近

所修饰的成分。如果忽视了这个规则，在修饰语和其所修饰的中心词之间

不恰当地夹进了其他成分，就可能造成句子意思混淆，产生歧义。请看下面句子：

Misplaced Modifiers

He sold the old car to the man with leather seats．

Please give the book to the boy with the blue cover．

That cat belongs to my neighbor with five kittens．

Revised Sentences

He sold the old car with leather seats to the man．

Please give the book with the blue cover to the boy．

That cat with five kittens belongs to my neighbor．

如果一个修饰语既可以修饰其前面的词也可修饰其后面的词，

这样的修饰语称为歧义修饰语(squinting modifier)。歧义修饰

语会使读者对其修饰目的感到困惑不解。所以，应该把易产

生歧义的修饰语放在它所惟一修饰的词的前面。例如：

The equipment without the accessories sold the best．(Differ-

ent types of equipment were available，some with and some

without the accessories．)

The equipment sold the best without the accessories．(One type of equipment was available，and the accessories were

optional．)

Squinting Modifiers

We agreed on the next day to make the adjustments·

Students who practice writing often will benefit．

Revised Sentences

We agreed to make the adjustments on the next day·

(We agreed that on the next day we would make the adjustments)-

On the next day，we agreed to make the adjustments．

(On the next day，we agreed that we would make the adjust-

ments．)

Students who often practice writing will benefit．

Students who practice writing will often benefit．

所以，在写作中我们要特别注意副词的位置，要把它们放在

使读者对句子的意义更清楚的地方。请分析下面这个句子：

He only suggested three rules for us to follow．

除非我们在这里确实是指“He only suggested them；he didn’t

insist on them．”，否则only这个词就应放在它所修饰的词前面：He suggested only three rules for US to follow．

要注意句子会随着only位置的改变而改变其意义。

Directions：Identify the misplaced word or words in each sentence．Then rewrite the sentences and make the meaning clear．

1．Our team didn’t even score once．

2 . She is teaching a seminar this term on market economy at the

Osaka International University.

3．The city almost spent twenty million dollars on the new stadium

4．Tony bought an old car from a crooked dealer with a faulty transmission．

5．The suburbs nearly had five inches of rain．

6．We could see the football stadium driving across the bridge．

7．I almost had a dozen job interviews after I sent out my resume

8．There were strong calls for an immediate ceasefire in the UN

Security Council

9. The exchange students we met for coffee occasionally questioned us

about our latest slang.

10. I put the chair in the middle of the room that I had recently purchased.

Revised sentences

1．Our team didn’t score even once.

2．This term she is teaching a seminar on market economy at the Osaka International University．

3．The city spent almost twenty million dollars on the new stadium．

4．Tony bought an old car with a faulty transmission from a crooked

dealer．

5．The suburbs had nearly five inches of rain.

6．Driving across the bridge，we could see the football stadium.

7．I had almost a dozen job interviews after I sent out my resume.

8．There were strong calls in the UN Security Council for an immediate ceasefire．

9．The exchange students we occasionally met for coffee questioned

us about our latest slang．

OR：The exchange students we met for coffee questioned us

occasionally about our latest slang.

1O．I put the chair that I had recently purchased in the middle of the

room．

4．悬垂修饰语(Dangling Modifiers)

悬垂修饰语是与句子的主语不能构成逻辑关系的修饰语。悬垂修饰语可以出现在句中的任意位置，但大多位于句首。请看下面例句：

Dangling Modifiers

By going to the various sorority houses on campus and meeting hundreds of new girls，my conversation，manners，and poise became more polished．

To write the proposal，research must be done．

两句中斜体的修饰语与句子的主语不存在逻辑关系。在第一句

中，当作者想当然地认为“I”是句子的主语，并打算对自己做个

描述。但是由于用了“my conversation…”做句子的主语就破坏了

句子中的逻辑关系而引起荒谬可笑的解释：It was her conversation that visited the sorority houses．动词的非限定性短语作状语时，其

逻辑主语必须与句子主语保持一致，否则就会形成悬垂性修饰语。如果把句子的主语改成“I”，就可改成一个令人满意的句子了。同样，在第二句中，动词不定式在逻辑上不能修饰句子的主语，the research．

Revised Sentences

By going to the various sorority houses on campus and meeting hundreds of new girls，I polished my conversation，manners，

and poise．

To write the proposal, the professor must first do some re-

search．

2．悬垂动名词(Dangling Gerund)

Dangling Modifiers

By installing a birdbath．the birds were given a source of water．

After finishing the research，the paper was easy to write．

Revised Sentences

By installing a birdbath，we gave the birds a source of water．

After finishing the research，I found that the paper was easy

to write．

3．悬垂动词不定式(Dangling Infinitive)

Dangling Modifiers

To ski properly，a course of instruction is necessary．

To write well，good books must be read．

Revised Sentences

To ski properly，a beginner should take a course of instruction.

To write well, I must read good books.．

4．悬垂省略从句(Dangling Elliptical Clause)

Dangling Modifier

While climbing the hill，the rain began to fall·

When only a small boy，my father took me with him to Chicago·

Revised Sentences

While climbing the hill，she felt the rain beginning to fall·

When I was only a small boy，my father took me with him to Chicago．

常用的修改悬垂性修饰语的方法有：

1.找出句子中隐含的主语，对所修饰的短语提供行为者(actor) (承担动作行为的人或物).

Dangling Modifiers

At the age of six my uncle bought my first pet，a goldfish.

While leaving the house，the phone rang·

Using this drug，many undesirable side effects are experienced．

Revised Sentences

At the age of six, I received my first pet, a goldfish from my uncle．

While leaving the house, I heard the phone ring·

Using this drug，patients experience many undesirable side

effects．

2.补足悬垂短语或省略从句必要的成分，扩展其成为一个完整的

从句，由行为者做主语.

Revised Sentences

When I was six，my uncle bought me my first pet，a goldfish·

As I was leaving the house，the phone rang.

Many undesirable side effects are experienced when this drug is used.

Directions：Please revise the following sentences with dangling modifiers．

1．Thumbing through the magazine，her eyes automatically noticed the cosmetic ads．

2．To please the visitors，a cross talk was performed．

3．On entering the teacher’s office，a terrestrial globe caught his attention．；

4．Though only seventeen，the army accepted his application．

5．From attending professional meetings，important lessons can be

learned．

6．With fifty pages left to read，War and Peace was absorbing．

7．On the newsstands only an hour, its sales surprised everyone．

8．While eating lunch in the cafeteria，the computer malfunctioned

Revised sentences

1．Her eyes automatically noticed the cosmetic ads as she was thumbing through the magazine．

2．To please the visitors，they performed a cross talk。

3. On entering the teacher’s office，he noticed a terrestrial globe．

4. Though he was only seventeen，the army accepted his application.

5. From attending professional meetings，we learned some important lessons．

6. With fifty pages left to read, Tina found War and Peace was

absorbing.

7. Because the magazine had been on the newsstands only an hour,

its sales surprised everyone．

8. While the programmer was eating lunch in the cafeteria，the computer malfunctioned．

Directions：Here are sentences with dangling modifiers．Correct

them in two ways．Either place the subject within the opening word

group，or place it right after the opening word group．

1.Swimming at the lake，a rock c ut Maria’s foot．

2.While eating my sandwich，five mosquitoes bit me．

3.Getting out of bed，the tile floor was so cold that Sue shivered all over．

4Although exhausted from operating, the day ended with reading lab reports.

Revised sentences

1.When Maria was swimming at the lake，she cut her foot on a

rock．

OR：Swimming at the lake，Maria cut her foot on a rock．

2．While I was eating my sandwich，five mosquitoes bit me．

OR：While eating my sandwich，I was bitten by five mosquitoes．

3．When Sue got out of bed，the tile floor was so cold that she shivered all over．

OR：Getting out of bed，Sue found the tile floor so cold that she

shivered a11 over．

4. Although the doctor was exhausted from operating，he ended the day by reading lab reports．

OR: Although exhausted from operating, the doctor ended the day by reading lab reports.

英语句子结构详解(精华)

第一章简单句一、简单句（simple sentence）：是基础句型，只有包含一个主谓结构，而句子的各个结构都只由单词或短语表示。有五种基本结构：“主语+谓语（SV）”、“主语+谓语+主语补语（SVC）”、“主语+谓语+宾语（SVO）”、“主语+谓语+宾语+宾语（SVOO）”、“主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补语（SVOC）”等五种基本结构。其他各种句子基本上由此五种句型缩略或扩展而成。 1、“主语+谓语（SV）”结构，简称为主谓结构，谓语是不及物动词。此句型的句子有一个共同特点，即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思，这类动词叫做不及物动词，后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等，如：（1）、Day│ broke. 天亮了（2）、Things │change.事物是变化的。（3）、The moon│rose.月亮升起来了。（4）、They│are running very slowly. 他们跑得很慢 2、“主语+谓语+主语补语（SVC）”结构，简称为主谓补结构。 “主语+连系动词+表语（SLP）”句型实际上也是一种主、谓、主补结构，此句型的句子有一个共同的特点：句子谓语动词都不能表达一个完整的意思，必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语，才能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做连系动词。系动词分两类：be, look, keep, seem等属一类，表示情况；get, grow, become, turn等属另一类，表示变化。be本身没有什么意义，只起连系主语和表语的作用，其它系动词仍保持其部分词义如：（5）、He │died│ young. 他年轻时就死了。（6）、John │was│ cast as Hamlet. 约翰扮演哈姆雷特（7）、This│is│an English-Chinese dictionary. 这是本英汉辞典。（8）、The dinner│smells│good.午餐的气味很好。 3、“主语+谓语+宾语（SVO）”结构，可简称为主、谓、宾结构，其谓语一般是及物动词，宾语多是直接宾语。此句型句子的共同特点是：谓语动词都具有实义，都是主语产生的动作，但不能表达完整的意思，必须跟有一个宾语，即动作的承受者，才能使意思完整。这类动词叫做及物动词（9）、Who│knows│the answer? 谁知道答案？

英语句子结构分析基础及练习

句子成分什么叫句子成分呢？句子的组成成分叫句子成分。在句子中，词与词之间有一定的组合关系，按照不同的关系，可以把句子分为不同的组成成分。句子成分由词或词组充当。现代汉语里一般的句子成分有六种，即主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语和补语。英语的基本成分有七种：主语（subject）、谓语（predicate）、表语（predicative）、宾语（object）、定语（attribute）、状语(adverbial) 和补语（complement）。英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成五种基本句型及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装。掌握这五种基本句型，是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础。英语五种基本句型列式如下：一：ＳＶ（主＋谓）二：ＳＶＰ（主＋系＋表）三：ＳＶＯ（主＋谓＋宾）四：ＳＶｏＯ（主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾）五：ＳＶＯＣ（主＋谓＋宾＋宾补）基本句型一：ＳＶ（主＋谓）主语：可以作主语的成分有名词（如boy），主格代词（如you），动词不定式，动名词等。主语一般在句首。注意名词单数形式常和冠词不分家！谓语：谓语由动词构成，是英语时态、语态变化的主角，一般在主语之后。不及物动词（vi.）没有宾语，形成主谓结构，如：We come. 此句型的句子有一个共同特点，即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做不及物动词，后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。Ｓ│Ｖ（不及物动词） 1. The sun │was shining. 太阳在照耀着。 2. The moon │rose. 月亮升起了。 3. The universe │remains. 宇宙长存。 4. We all │breathe, eat, and drink. 我们大家都呼吸、吃和喝。 5. Who │cares? 管它呢？ 6. What he said │does not matter. 他所讲的没有什么关系。 7. They │talked for half an hour. 他们谈了半个小时。 8. The pen │writes smoothly 这支笔书写流利。基本句型二：ＳＶＰ（主＋系＋表）此句型的句子有一个共同的特点：句子谓语动词都不能表达一个完整的意思，必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语，才能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做连系动词。系动词分两类：be, look, keep, seem等属一类，表示情况；get, grow, become, turn等属另一类，表示变化。be 本身没有什么意义,只起连系主语和表语的作用。其它系动词仍保持其部分词义。感官动词多可用作联系动词：look well/面色好,sound nice/听起来不错,feel good/感觉好，smell bad/难闻Ｓ│Ｖ（是系动词）│Ｐ 1. This │is │an English-Chinese dictionary. 这是本英汉辞典。 2. The dinner │smells │good. 午餐的气味很好。 3. He │fell │in love. 他堕入了情网。 4. Everything │looks │different. 一切看来都不同了。 5. He │is growing │tall and strong. 他长得又高又壮 6. The trouble│is │that they are short of money. 麻烦的是他们缺少钱。 7. Our well │has gone │dry. 我们井干枯了。 8. His face │turned │red. 他的脸红了。 There be 结构：There be 表示‘存在有’。这里的there没有实际意义，不可与副词‘there那里’混淆。此结构后跟名词，表示‘（存在）有某事物’ 试比较：There is a boy there.（那儿有一个男孩。）/前一个there无实意，后一个there为副词‘那里’。基本句型三：ＳＶＯ（主＋谓＋宾）此句型句子的共同特点是：谓语动词都具有实义，都是主语产生的动作，但不能表达完整的意思，必须跟有一个宾语，即动作的承受者，才能使意思完整。这类动词叫做及物动词。宾语位于及物动词之后，一般同主语构成一样，不同的是构成宾语的代词必须是‘代词宾格’，如：me，him，them等Ｓ│Ｖ（及物动词）│Ｏ 1. Who │knows │the answer? 谁知道答案？ 2. She │smiled │her thanks. 她微笑表示感谢。 3. He │has refused │to help them. 他拒绝帮他们。 4. He │enjoys │reading. 他喜欢看书。

高中英语句子结构、成分分析-直接打印版

句子成分(Members of a Sentence) 什么叫句子成分呢？句子的组成成分叫句子成分。在句子中，词与词之间有一定的组合关系，按照不同的关系，可以把句子分为不同的组成成分。句子成分由词或词组充当。现代汉语里一般的句子成分有六种，即主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语和补语。英语的基本成分有七种：主语（subject）、谓语（predicate）、表语（predicative）、宾语（object）、定语（attribute状语(adverbial) 和补语（complement）。英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成五种基本句型及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装。掌握这五种基本句型，是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础。英语五种基本句型列式如下：一.ＳＶ（主＋谓）二：ＳＶＰ（主＋系＋表）三：ＳＶＯ（主＋谓＋宾）四：ＳＶｏＯ（主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾）五：ＳＶＯＣ（主＋谓＋宾＋宾补）基本句型一：ＳＶ（主＋谓）主语：可以作主语的成分有名词，主格代词（如you），动词不定式，动名词等。主语一般在句首。注意名词单数形式常和冠词不分家！谓语：谓语由动词构成，是英语时态、语态变化的主角，一般在主语之后。不及物动词（vi.）没有宾语，形成主谓结构，如：We come. 此句型的句子有一个共同点，即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做不及物动词，后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。Ｓ│Ｖ不及物动词）1. The sun │was shining. 2. The moon │rose. 3. The universe │remains. 4. We all │breathe, eat, and drink. 5. Who │cares? 6. What he said │do es not matter. 7. They │talked for half an hour. 8. The pen │writes smoothly 基本句型二：ＳＶＰ（主＋系＋表）此句型的句子有一个共同的特点：句子谓语动词都不能表达一个完整的意思，必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语，才能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做连系动词。系动词分两类：be, look, keep, seem等属一类，表示情况；get, grow, become, turn等属另一类，表示变化。be 本身没有什么意义,只起连系主语和表语的作用。其它系动词仍保持其部分词义。感官动词多可用作联系动词：look well/面色好,sound nice/听起来不错,feel good/感觉好，smell bad/难闻Ｓ│Ｖ（是系动词）│ ＰHis face │turned │red. 1. This │is │an English-Chinese dictionary. 2. The dinner │smells │good. 3. He │fell │in love. 4. Everything │looks │different. 5.He│is growing │tall and strong. 6. The trouble│is │that they are short of money. 7. Our well │has gone │dry. There be 结构：There be 表示‘存在有’。这里的there没有实际意义，不可与副词‘there那里’混淆。此结构后跟名词，表示‘（存在）有某事物’ 试比较：There is a boy there.（那儿有一个男孩。）/前一个there无实意，后一个there为副词‘那里’。基本句型三：ＳＶＯ（主＋谓＋宾）此句型句子的共同特点是：谓语动词都具有实义，都是主语产生的动作，但不能表达完整的意思，必须跟有一个宾语，即动作的承受者，才能使意思完整。这类动词叫做及物动词。宾语位于及物动词之后，一般同主语构成一样，不同的是构成宾语的代词必须是‘代词宾格’，如：me，him，them等Ｓ│Ｖ及物动词│Ｏ1.Who │knows │the answer? 2. She │smiled │her thanks. 3.He │has refused │to help them. 4. He │enjoys │reading. 5.They │ate │what was left over. 6. He │said │"Good morning." 7.I │want │to have a cup of tea. 8. He │admits │that he was mistaken. 基本句型四：ＳＶｏＯ（主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾）有些及物动词可以有两个宾语，如：give给，pass递，bring带，show显示。这两个宾语通常人为间接宾语；物为直接宾语。间接宾语一般位于直接宾语之前。一般的顺序为：动词+ 间接宾语+ 直接宾语。如：Give me a cup of tea,please. 强调间接宾语顺序为：动词+ 直接宾语+介词+ 间接宾语。如： Show this house to Mr.Smith. 若直接宾语为人称代词：动词+ 代词直接宾语+介词+ 间接宾语。如：Bring it to me,please. Ｓ│Ｖ及物│ｏ多指人）│Ｏ（多指物）1. She │ordered │herself │a new dress. 2. He │brought │you │a dictionary. 3.She │cooked │her husband │a delicious meal. 4. He │denies │her │nothing. 5. I │showed │him │my pictures. 6. I │gave │my car │a wash. 7. I │told │him │that the bus was late. 8. He │showed │me │how to run the machine. 基本句型五：ＳＶＯＣ（主＋谓＋宾＋宾补）此句型的句子的共同特点是：动词虽然是及物动词，但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思，必须加上一个补充成分来补足宾语，才能使意思完整。宾语补足语：位于宾语之后对宾语作出说明的成分。宾语与其补足语有逻辑上的主谓关系，它们一起构成复合宾语。 1 / 6

划分句子成分划分英语句子成分经典练习

划分句子成分练习练习1.分析下列句子成分，在下面标明属于五种基本句型中的哪一种。 1）Tree s turns green when spring comes. 2）The old man was feeling very tired. 3）His job is to train swimmers. 4）Where he was buried remained unknown. 5）What he said proved true. 6）We must keep quiet. 7）The shop stayed open until eleven. 8）She appeared younger than she really was. 9）His face went red. 10）He fell ill last week. 11）The cake I ate yesterday taste delicious. 从上面我们可以看出，常见的系动词有，_____、_____、______、______、______、_____、_______、________等，它们下面一般跟________词作表语。练习 2.分析下列句子成分，在下面标明属于五种基本句型中的哪一种。口译，体会it的替代性用法。 1）It is very plain to me that he is round and tall like a tree. 2）It is a fact that English is being accepted as an

international language. 3）It worried her a bit than her hair was turning grey. 4）The chairman thought it necessary to invite Professor Smith to speak at the meeting. 5）She made it her duty to look after all the other people’s affaires in that town. 6）I don’t think it possible to master a foreign language without much memory work. 7）He made it known to his friends that he didn’t want to enter politics. 8）I leave it to your own judgment whether you should do it. 从上面我们可以看出，作形式主语和宾语一般用代词______,真正的主语或宾语通常是________或__________，放在下面。练习 3. 分析下列句子成分，在下面标明属于五种基本句型中的哪一种。口译，留意定语是什么词性或结构充当，并留意定语的位置。 1）Comrades in her group often help her with grammar. 2）The women on the left are making shirts for the neighbors. 3）The letter on the desk is for Mr. Wu.

(完整版)英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解

一、英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解：（一）句子成分 1.主语（subject）: 句子说明的人或事物。主语可以由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、分词、主语从句和短语等来担任。 The sun rises in the east.（名词） He likes dancing. （代词） Twenty years is a short time in history. (数词) Seeing is believing. （动名词） To see is to believe. （不定式） What he needs is a book. （主语从句） It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree. （It形式主语，主语从句是真正主语）找出下列句中的主语： Jane is good at playing the piano.（名词） She went out in a hurry.（代词） Four plus four is eight.（数词） To see is to believe.（不定式） Smoking is bad for health.（动名词） The young should respect the old.（名词化的形容词）What he has said is true. （句子） 2.谓语（predicate）: 说明主语的动作、状态和特征。简单谓语:由动词或动词词组组成 I saw the flag on the top of the hill? He looked after two orphans. 复合谓语：由情态动词或助动词+动词; He can speak English well. She doesn’t seem to like dancing. 找出下列句中的谓语（注：只有动词才可作谓语。）： 1. We love China. 2. We have finished reading this book. 3. He can speak English. 4. She seems tired. 3.表语（predicative）: 系动词之后的成分，表示主语的性质、状态和特征。

英语句子结构分析报告讲解

定义：构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；主要成分：主语和谓语次要成分：表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语、同位语 I met my best friend Tom at the station yesterday . 主语谓语定语宾语同位语状语㈠主语（subject）句子说明的人或事物 Jane is good at playing the piano.（名词） She went out in a hurry.（代词） Four plus four is eight.（数词） To see is to believe.（不定式） Smoking is bad for health.（动名词） The young should respect the old.（名词化的形容词） What he has said is true. （句子）找出下列句中的主语：1、The sun rises in the east. 2、Twenty years is a short time in history. 3、The poor are now living in the shelter. 4、Seeing is believing. 5、To see is to believe. 6、He likes dancing.

7、What he needs is a book. 8、It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree. ㈡谓语说明主语的动作、状态和特征简单谓语:由动词或动词词组组成 I saw the flag on the top of the hill? He looked after two orphans. 复合谓语：由情态动词或助动词+动词; He can speak English well. She doesn’t seem to like dancing. 找出下列句中的谓语（注：只有动词才可作谓语。）： 1. We love China. 2. We have finished reading this book. 3. He can speak English. 4. She seems tired. (三)宾语动作的对象或承受者——及物动词或介词的宾语Show your passport, please. （名词） She didn't say anything. （代词） How many do you want? - I want two. （数词） They sent the injured to hospital. （名词化的形容词） They asked to see my passport. （不定式） I enjoy working with you. （动名词） Did you write down what he said? （句子）

高考英语句子结构剖析=

高考英语句子结构剖析 1、The friendship that grew out of the experience of making that film and The Sting four years later had its root in the fact that although there was an age difference, we both came from a tradition of theater and live TV.（同位语从句、让步状语从句）句意：拍电影和四年后出演The Sting的经历所建立起来的友谊源于一个事实：尽管我们存在年龄差距，但我们都源自戏剧和直播电视的传统。分析：本句的主干是The friendship had its root in the fact.。其中，grew out of... later为that引导的定语从句，修饰先行词friendship；后面的although there was ... live TV为that引导的同位语从句，解释说明fact的内容。此外，同位语从句中还包含了一个although引导的让步状语从句。 2、We shared the belief that if you’re fortunate enough to have success, you should put something back 一he with his Newman’s Own food and his Hole in the Wall camps for kids who are seriously ill, and me with Sundance and the institute and the festival.（同位语从句、条件状语从句、定语从句）

专项训练句子结构与成分难点汇总

专项训练句子结构与成分难点汇总一、句子结构与成分 1．'My father bought me a new watch yesterday.' It is a structure of_________. A. S+V+P B. S+V+IO+DO C. S+V+DO+CO D. S+V+DO 【答案】 B 【解析】【分析】句意：昨天我爸给我买了一块新手表。它是S+V+IO+DO结构。My father （主语S）+bought（谓语V）+me（间接宾语ID）+a new watch（直接宾语DO），故选B。【点评】考查句结构和成分。注意识记S+V+IO+DO结构的用法。 2．John calls his dog Eddie. The structure of the sentence is _______. A. S+V+O B. S+V+P C. S+V+IO+DO D. S+V+DO+OC 【答案】D 【解析】【分析】句意：约翰叫他的狗Eddie.这个句子的结构是_____________.根据句子可知这个句子的结构是：主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语。故答案为D。【点评】考查句子成分。牢记句子成分。 3．The young man ________ glasses is my teacher. A. wear B. wears C. put on D. with 【答案】D 【解析】【分析】句意：带着眼镜的年轻人是我的老师。这个句子是简单句，根据is可知句子结构是系表结构，wear穿着，戴着，动词，put on穿上，戴上，动词短语，所以A,B,C三个选项都不正确，故选D。【点评】此题考查简单句的结构。注意句子成分结构。 4．The boy_______ black hair_______ a blue coat. A. has; has B. with; in C. has; wears D. with; wears 【答案】D 【解析】【分析】句意：留着黑头发的男孩穿着一件蓝色大衣。一个句子中不能出现两个谓语动词故选项A和C错误，B选项两个介词，放在句中缺少谓语动词，with具有，with black hair留着黑头发，介词短语修饰主语the boy, wear穿着，谓语动词，根据主语the boy,wear用第三人称单数结构，故选D。【点评】此题考查句子结构成分。注意句子的成分和句子的结构。 5．Dora's dream is ________ an English teacher when she grows up. A. for being B. to being C. to be D. be 【答案】C 【解析】【分析】句意：Dora的梦想是当她长大时成为一名英语老师。to do不定式做表语，故选C。

高考-英语句子结构详细剖析

高考英语句子结构详细剖析 1、In her excitement., she didn’t seem to realize that she was sharing the baby’s photos with a complete stranger. 参考译文：由于激动，她似乎没有意识到她在和一个完全陌生的人分享宝宝的照片。句式分析整体分析：选句为复合句。 1）主句In her excitement , she didn’t seem to realize.其中In her excitement 为状语。 2）that she was sharing the baby’s photos with a complete stranger为宾语从句，其中with a complete stranger为状语。重点词汇 excitement兴奋，激动; 令人兴奋的事 realize实现; 了解，意识到 sharing共享; 分配; 均分; 共价 complete完整的; 完全的; 完成

2、＂Well, I don’t know you all but I will get there to take pictures with the baby,＂replied Dennis before asking which room the new parents were in. 参考译文：在询问新父母所在的房间之前，丹尼斯回答道：“好吧，我不了解你们的全部，但我会到那里和孩子合影的。” 句式分析整体分析：选句两部分。replied Dennis before asking which room the new parents were in为主句，其中before asking which room the new parents were in为状语。 Well, I don’t know you all but I will get there to take pictures with the baby为引语，可以切分为两部分：I don’t know you all 和but I will get there to take pictures with the baby. 重点词汇 take pictures照相 replied回答，反应（reply的过去式和过去分词） parents双亲（parent的名词复数） 3、Much to the family’s surprise, Dennis stuck to his promise ! 参考译文：令全家人惊讶的是，丹尼斯坚持了他的承诺！

英语句子基本结构成分类型

英语句子基本结构英语句子看上去纷繁庞杂，但仔细观察不外乎五个基本句式。这五个基本句式可以演变出多种复杂的英语句子。换言之，绝大多数英语句子都是由这五个基本句式生成的。这五个基本句式如下： S十V主谓结构 S十V十F主系表结构 S十V十O主谓宾结构 S十V十O1十O2 主谓双宾结构 S十V十O十C 主谓宾补结构说明：S＝主语；V＝谓语；P＝表语；O＝宾语；O1＝间接宾语；O2＝直接宾语；C＝宾语补足语五个基本句式详细解释如下： 1．S十V句式在此句式中，V是不及物动词，又叫自动词(vi．)。例如： He runs quickly．他跑得快。 They listened carefully．他们听得很仔细。 He suffered from cold and hunger．他挨冻受饿。 China belongs to the third world country．中国属于第三世界国家。 The gas has given out．煤气用完了。 My ink has run out．我的钢笔水用完了。 2．S十V十P句式在此句式中，V是系动词(link v．)，常见的系动词有：look，seem，appear，sound，feel，taste，smell，grow，get，fall ill/asleep，stand/sit still，become，turn等。例如： He is older than he looks．他比看上去要老。 He seen interested in the book．他似乎对这本书感兴趣。 The story sounds interesting．这个故事听起来有趣。 The desk feels hard．书桌摸起来很硬。 The cake tastes nice．饼尝起来很香。 The flowers smell sweet and nicc．花闻起来香甜。 You have grown taller than before．你长得比以前高了。 He has suddenly fallen ill．他突然病倒了。 He stood quite still．他静静地站看。 He becomes a teacher when he grew up．他长大后当了教师。 He could never turn traitor to his country．他永远不会背叛他的祖国。注意：有些动词同时也是及物动词，可构成SVO句式，例如： He looked me up and down．他上下打量我。 He reached his hand to feel the elephant．他伸出手来摸象。 They are tasting the fish．他们在品尝鱼。 They grow rice in their home town．他们在家乡种水稻。 He's got a chair to sit on．他有椅子坐。

五种基本句型及句子成分分析

五种基本句型及句子成分的分析五种基本句型的分析能力的培养是分析一切复杂句子的基础，是分析千千万万个句子的基础，因为众多的句子都是由五种基本句型变换过来的。所谓五种基本句型分析能力就是：看到一个简单句就能立刻分析出这个句子属于五种句型中的哪种；能够立刻分析出句子的主干是什么，能够快速分割，快速整合。怎样才能具备这种能力呢？先理解理论（怎么去做的方法）后多实践做练习，实践是最重要的，能力在大量的实践练习中应该可以掌握。在培养这个能力过程中还需要记忆任务。如：哪些动词后面要跟动词不定式,哪些动词后面要跟doing ,哪些动词后面需要跟双宾语等等这些都需要记忆，这项记忆任务完全可以通过练习实践来掌握，不做练习，只去死记那些东西不容易掌握。如果对汉语句子成分分析有一定的了解和掌握，有助于英语句子成分的学习，因为本来汉语句子成分分析那一套就是从英语那里搬过来的。五种基本句型 1，主（语）＋系（动词）＋表（语）首先我们来认识主语，主语是五种基本句型都具备的。从位置上来看，主语一般在句子开头，也就是一个句子的“头把交椅”：从意义上理解，主语一般是一个句子的“陈述对象”，后面的一切都是针对主语来说的，那么常坐这把“交椅”的会是什么词呢，一般是名词或代词。系动词是联系动词的简称，顾名思义，它是起到联系作用的动词，是连接主语和表语的。系动词的数量是有限的，常见的只有十来个，我们把它们分成四组，这样有助于我们记忆系动词：一、be动词类：am、is 、are 、was 、were 二、表示变化类：become、get 、turn 、grow 、go 三、感官动词类: 眼（look ）耳(sound)鼻(smell)舌(taste)身(feel) 四、表示延续性的动词：remain 、stay 、keep 表语有两个特征：一从位置上来讲，它总是在系动词后面（系动词和表语关系甚为紧密，没有系动词，就没有表语：没有表语，就没有系动词，正所谓“皮之不存，毛将焉附”）。二从意义上讲，表语通常是来说明主语的性质、特征的。表语通常是由形容词、介词短语、名词、代词、动词不定式、doing 等来充当。上面就是对主系表结构的简要介绍，其中，系动词是主系表结构的核心，它是这个结构的标志，看到了系动词，也就能立刻判断出句子的结构是主系表，因此，记住系动词非常重要。 2，主（语）＋谓（语）谓语，谓语从意义上说有表示动作和状态两种情况；表示状态的就用主语＋连系动词＋表语句型来表示。一般情况下，谓语位于主语之后，从意义上理解，往往具有动作意味（谓语实际有表示动作和状态两种情况；表示状态的就用主语＋连系动词＋表语句型来表）是主语发出的动作。能做谓语的在十大词类中只有一种词类：动词，也就是说只用动词具有作谓语的“专利”，所以我们往往把“谓语”和“动词”连在一起叫做“谓语动词”。虽然主语是“头把交椅”，但是谓语是一个句子中最重要的成分，一个句子可以缺少主语，但是谓语是不能少的。为了更好地理解这个句型以及下面的三个句型，在这里我需要补充说明两点：

高三英语句子结构

高三英语句子结构主句：There was story after story of 。曾经有关于。一个接一个的故事介词宾语从句 how Lin Qiaozhi 。 went late at night to deliver a baby for a poor family 其中——（关于）林巧稚夜间晚归去把一个婴儿送给贫苦家庭的（故事）* 主语：how Lin Qiaozhi * 谓语部分 went late at night to deliver a baby for a poor family 。* 分词短语作插入性状语：tired after a day's work,(= after Lin Qiaozhi was tired after a day's work 一天疲劳工作以后)* 定语从句：who could not pay her.那一类给她付不起费的（家庭）翻译：直译——曾经有关于林巧稚一天疲劳工作以后夜间晚归去把一个婴儿送给那些给她付不起费的贫苦家庭的一个接一个的故事.意译——有过说不完的关于林巧稚的故事.她常常在一天疲劳工作以后，把（初生）婴儿送给那些付不起费的贫苦家庭.。你好，这个比较多吧，具体罗列如下，希望能够帮助到你：一、句型1:Subject （主语） + Verb （谓语）这种句型中的动词大多是不及物动词，所谓不及物动词，就是这种动词后不可以直接接宾语。

常见的动词如：work, sing, swim, fish, jump, arrive, e, die, disappear, cry, happen等。如：（1） Li Ming works very hard.李明学习很努力。（2） The aident happened yesterday afternoon.事故是昨天下午发生的。（3）Spring is ing. (4) We have lived in the city for ten years. 二、句型2:Subject （主语） + Link. V （系动词） + Predicate（表语）这种句型主要用来表示主语的特点、身份等。其系动词一般可分为下列两类： 1.表示状态。这样的词有：be, look, seem, smell, taste, sound, keep等。如：（1）This kind of food tastes delicious.这种食物吃起来很可口。（2） He looked worried just now.刚才他看上去有些焦急。 2.表示变化。这类系动词有：bee, turn, get, grow, go等。

高中英语句子结构及类型大全

中学英语句子大全英语学习的四原则：全（记得要全）、熟（熟练）、精（总结精华）、活（活学活用）什么叫句子成分呢？句子的组成成分叫句子成分。在句子中，词与词之间有一定的组合关系，按照不同的关系，可以把句子分为不同的组成成分。句子成分由词或词组充当。现代汉语里一般的句子成分有六种，即主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语和补语。英语的基本成分有七种：主语（subject）、谓语（predicate）、表语（predicative）、宾语（object）、定语（attribute）、状语(adverbial) 和补语（complement）。【附着在表面上，单独存在没有意义】一个完整的英语句子，至少由两部分组成（祁使句除外）——主语和谓语。主语是一个句子叙述的主体，表明这句话描述的是什么，谓语则用以说明主语的情况，它在人称和单复数形式上应与主语保持一致。除了主语和谓语，句子有时还需要其他的成分，如用在系动词后表明主语性质，特征，状态或身份的表语，用在及物动后，表示行为对象或结果的宾语，修饰或限定名词或代词的定语，修饰动词形容词副词介词短语或全句的状语以及对一个名词或代词作进一步解释的同位语等。英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成五种基本句型及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装。掌握这五种基本句型，是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础。英语五种基本句型列式如下：一：ＳＶ（主＋谓）二：ＳＶＰ（主＋系＋表）三：ＳＶＯ（主＋谓＋宾）四：ＳＶｏＯ（主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾）五：ＳＶＯＣ（主＋谓＋宾＋宾补）基本句型一：ＳＶ（主＋谓）主语：可以作主语的成分有名词（如boy），主格代词（如you），数词，名词化的形容词，动词不定式，动名词或从句。主语一般在句首。注意名词单数形式常和冠词不分家！谓语：谓语由动词构成，是英语时态、语态变化的主角，一般在主语之后。不及物动词（vi.）没有宾语，形成主谓结构，如：We come. 此句型的句子有一个共同特点，即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思，不能再接对象（即宾语），这类动词叫做不及物动词，后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等作状语。Ｓ│Ｖ（不及物动词） 1. The moon │rose. 月亮升起了。 2. The universe │remains. 宇宙长存。 3. We all │breathe, eat, and drink. 我们大家都呼吸、吃和喝。 4. Who │cares? 管它呢？ 5. What he said │does not matter. 他所讲的没有什么关系。 6. They │talked for half an hour. 他们谈了半个小时。 7. The pen │writes smoothly 这支笔书写流利。基本句型二：ＳＶＰ（主＋系＋表）此句型的句子有一个共同的特点：句子谓语动词都不能表达一个完整的意思，必须加上一个表明主语性质，特征，状态或身份的表语构成复合谓语，才能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做连系动词。

句子结构常见错误

英语句子结构详解(精华)

英语句子结构分析基础及练习

高中英语句子结构、成分分析-直接打印版

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(完整版)英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解

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高考英语句子结构剖析=

最新经典英语句子成分分析

专项训练 句子结构与成分难点汇总

高考-英语句子结构详细剖析

英语句子基本结构成分类型

五种基本句型及句子成分分析

高三英语句子结构

高中英语句子结构及类型大全

专项训练句子结构与成分难点汇总