ansys上机指导

ANSYS 上机指导

实体建模练习1: 自上而下（轴承座）

说明

? 建立轴承座的半个对称实体模型。

? 完成后以p-block.db 文件名保存数据库文件

1. 按指定的工作目录，用“p -block”作为作业名， 进入 ANSYS

2. 打开等视图方位:

– Utility Menu > PlotCtrls > Pan, Zoom, Rotate …

? 按[ISO]

– 或用命令: /VIEW,1,1,1,1

3. 创建轴承座的基础 :

– Main Menu > Preprocessor > -Modeling- Create > -V olumes- Block >

By Dimensions ...

? 输入 X1 = 0, X2 = 3, Y1 = 0, Y2 = 1, Z1 = 0, Z2 = 3,然后按[OK] – 或用命令:

/PREP7

BLOCK,0,3,0,1,0,3

4．将工作平面移到位置 X=2.25, Y=1.25, Z=.75:

镗孔1.0R, 0.1875 深

基座 6 x 3 x 1

腹板, 厚 0.15 全部用英尺作单

1.7

四个 0.75D 的孔, 孔中心距角点0.75

轴衬, 0.85R 支架

1.5R, 0.75 thick

–Utility Menu > WorkPlane > Offset WP by Increments …

?设置X,Y,Z Offsets = 2.25, 1.25, 0.75

?设置XY, YZ, ZX Angles = 0, -90, 0, 然后按[OK]

–或用命令:

WPOFF, 2.25, 1.25, 0.75

WPROT, 0, -90, 0

5．创建直径为0.75 英寸深度为-1.5 英寸的实体柱:

–Main Menu > Preprocessor > -Modeling- Create > -V olumes- Cylinder > Solid Cylinder +

?输入Radius = 0.75/2

?输入Depth = -1.5, 然后按[OK]

–或用命令:CYL4, , ,0.75/2, , , ,-1.5

6. 将实体柱考贝到DZ=1.5的新位置:

–Main Menu > Preprocessor > Copy > V olumes +

?拾取柱体(体号2),按[OK]

?DZ = 1.5, 按[OK]

–或用命令:VGEN,2,2, , , , ,1.5, ,0

7．从轴承座基础中挖出两个圆孔:

–Main Menu > Preprocessor > -Modeling- Operate > -Booleans- Subtract > V olumes +

?拾取轴承座基础的体(体1), 按[OK]

?分别拾取两个圆柱体(体 2 和体3), 然后按[OK]

–或用命令:VSBV, 1, ALL

8. 在整体坐标系中改变工作平面的相对位置:

–Utility Menu > WorkPlane > Align WP with > Global Cartesian

–或用命令:WPCSYS,-1,0

VPLOT

9. 创建套筒托架的基础:

–Main Menu > Preprocessor > -Modeling- Create > -V olumes- Block > By 2 Corners & Z +

?输入WP X = 0

?输入WP Y = 1

?输入width = 1.5

?输入height = 1.75

?输入depth = 0.75, 然后按[OK]

–或用命令:

BLC4,0,1,1.5,1.75,0.75

10. 将工作平面移到套筒托架的正面:

–Utility Menu > WorkPlane > Offset WP to > Keypoints +

?拾取正面左角顶部的关键点,按[OK]

–或用命令:KWPA VE, 16

11．创建套筒托架的拱:

–Main Menu > Preprocessor > -Modeling- Create > -V olumes- Cylinder > Partial Cylinder +

?输入WP X = 0

?输入WP Y = 0

?输入Rad-1 = 0

?输入Theta-1 = 0

?输入Rad-2 = 1.5

?输入Theta-2 = 90

?输入Depth = -0.75, 然后按[OK]

–或用命令:CYL4,0,0,0,0,1.5,90,-0.75

12．通过套筒托架的孔创建轴承座的柱:

–Main Menu > Preprocessor > -Modeling- Create > -V olumes- Cylinder > Solid

Cylinder +

?WP X = 0

?WP Y = 0

?Rad= 1

?深= -0.1875,按[Apply]

?WP X = 0

?WP Y = 0

?Rad = 0.85

?Depth = -2, 按[OK]

–或用命令:

CYL4,0,0,1, , , ,-0.1875

CYL4,0,0,0.85, , , ,-2

13．挖掉两个实体柱，形成轴承座和套筒的孔:

–Main Menu > Preprocessor > -Modeling- Operate > -Booleans- Subtract > V olumes +

?拾取两个形成套筒托架拱和基础的体

?按[Apply]

?拾取轴承座柱

?按[Apply]

?拾取同样的两个基础的体

?按[Apply]

?拾取通过孔的圆柱

?按[OK]

14. 创建腹板:

14a. 在基础正面顶边的中间建立一个关键点:

–Main Menu > Preprocessor > -Modeling- Create > Keypoints > KP between KPs +

?在基础上拾取两个位于正上方拐角处的关键点，按[OK]

?RATI = 0.5, 然后按[OK]

–或用命令:KBETW,7,8,0,RATI,0.5

14b.创建三角形面:

–Main Menu > Preprocessor > -Modeling- Create > -Areas- Arbitrary > Through KPs +

?在轴承座基础和套筒托架基础相交的位置，拾取第一个关键点X=1.5 ?在拱表面底部和套筒托架基础相交的位置，拾取第二个关键点X=1.5 ?拾取在14a步骤中建立的位于X=1.5, Y=1, Z=3的第三个关键点

?按[Ok]

–或用命令:A,14,15,9

14c.沿面的法线方向拉伸面:

–Main Menu > Preprocessor > -Modeling- Operate > Extrude > -Areas- Along Normal +

?拾取在步骤14b中建立的三角形面,按[OK]

?输入DIST = -0.15, 然后按[OK]

–或用命令:VOFFST,3,-0.15

15. 组合体:

– Main Menu > Preprocessor > -Modeling- Operate > -Booleans- Glue >

V olumes + ? 拾取[Pick All]

– 或用命令:VGLUE,ALL 16. 打开体号的显示开关并画体:

– Utility Menu > PlotCtrls > Numbering …

? 设置 V olume numbers 选项为 on, 按 [OK]

– 或用命令:

/PNUM,VOLU,1 VPLOT

17. 保存并退出 ANSYS:

– Pick the “SA VE_DB” button in the Toolbar – Pick the “QUIT” button in the Toolbar

? 选择 “Quit - No Save!” ? 按[OK]

– 或用命令:

FINISH /EXIT,ALL

实体建模练习2: 自上而下（连杆）

说明：用由底向上建模技术，建立汽车连杆几何模型。

1. 按指定的工作目录，用“c -rod” 作为作业名，进入ANSYS.

2. 创建两个圆形面:

6.5

2.5

0.5

1.8

0.3

1.0R

1.4R

0.4R

0.7R

45o

Spline through six control points

Crank pin end

Wrist pin end

All dimensions in inches

45o

0.28

0.4

0.33

4.75

4.0 3.25

–Main Menu > Preprocessor > -Modeling- Create > -Areas- Circle > By Dimensions ...

?输入RAD1 = 1.4

?输入RAD2 = 1

?输入THETA1 = 0

?输入THETA2 = 180, 然后选择[Apply]

?输入THETA1 = 45, 然后选择[OK]

–或用命令:/PREP7

PCIRC,1.4,1,0,180

PCIRC,1.4,1,45,180

3. 打开面号:

–Utility Menu > PlotCtrls > Numbering ...

?设置面号为“on”, 然后选择[OK]

–或用命令:/PNUM,AREA,1

APLOT

4. 创建两个矩形面:

–Main Menu > Preprocessor > -Modeling- Create > -Areas- Rectangle > By Dimensions ...

?输入X1 = -0.3, X2 = 0.3, Y1 = 1.2, Y2 = 1.8, 然后选择

[Apply]

?输入X1 = -1.8, X2 = -1.2, Y1 = 0, Y2 = 0.3, 然后选择[OK] –或用命令:

RECTNG,-0.3,0.3,1.2,1.8

RECTNG,-1.8,-1.2,0,0.3

5. 平移工作面位置(X=

6.5):

–Utility Menu > WorkPlane > Offset WP to > XYZ Locations +

?回车后在输入窗口输入 6.5 ，[OK]

–或用命令:WPA VE,6.5

6. 设置工作平面所在的坐标系为激活坐标系:

–Utility Menu > WorkPlane > Change Active CS to > Working Plane

–或用命令:CSYS,4

7. 再创建两个圆形面:

–Main Menu > Preprocessor > -Modeling- Create > -Areas- Circle > By Dimensions ...

?输入RAD1 = 0.7

?输入RAD2 = 0.4

?输入THETA1 = 0

?输入THETA2 = 180, 然后选择[Apply]

?输入THETA2 = 135, 然后选择[OK]

–或用命令:

PCIRC,0.7,0.4,0,180

PCIRC,0.7,0.4,0,135

8. 在每一组面上分别进行布尔操作:

–Main Menu > Preprocessor > -Modeling- Operate > -Booleans- Overlap > Areas +

?先选择左边的一组面, 然后选择[Apply]

?再选择右边的一组面, 然后选择[OK]

–或用命令:AOVLAP,1,2,3,4

AOVLAP,5,6

9. 激活总体笛卡尔坐标系:

–Utility Menu > WorkPlane > Change Active CS to > Global Cartesian

–或用命令:

CSYS,0

10. 定义四个新的关键点:

–Main Menu > Preprocessor > -Modeling- Create > Keypoints > In Active CS …

?第一关键点, X=2.5, Y=0.5, 然后选择[Apply]

?第二关键点, X=3.25, Y=0.4, 然后选择[Apply]

?第三关键点, X=4, Y=0.33, 然后选择[Apply]

?第四关键点, X=4.75, Y=0.28, 然后选择[OK]

–或用命令:K, ,2.5,0.5

K, ,3.25,0.4

K, ,4.0,0.33

K, ,4.75,0.28

11. 激活总体柱坐标系:

–Utility Menu > WorkPlane > Change Active CS to > Global Cylindrical

–或用命令:CSYS,1

12. 创建一条线（由一系列关键点拟合一条样条曲线）:

–Main Menu > Preprocessor > -Modeling- Create > -Lines- Splines > With Options > Spline thru KPs +

?顺序拾取如图形窗口所示的六个关键点, 然后选择[OK] 12. (续):

?输入XV1 = 1 (总体柱坐标系，关键点1处的半径)

?YV1 = 135 (总体柱坐标系，关键点1处的角度)

?XV6 = 1 (总体柱坐标系，关键点6处的半径)

?YV6 = 45 (总体柱坐标系，关键点6处的角度)

?按[OK]

–或用命令:BSPLIN,5,6,7,21,24,22,1,135,,1,45

13. 通过关键点创建一条直线:

–Main Menu > Preprocessor > -Modeling- Create > -Lines- Lines > Straight Line +

?拾取图形窗口所示的两个关键点, 然后选择[OK]

14．以预先定义的线为边界创建一个新面:

–Main Menu > Preprocessor > -Modeling- Create > -Areas- Arbitrary > By Lines +

?拾取四条线, 然后选择[OK]

15. 放大连杆左边部分:

–Utility Menu > PlotCtrls > Pan, Zoom, Rotate …

?拾取[Box Zoom]

16. 创建三个线与线的倒角:

–Utility Menu > Plot > Lines

–Main Menu > Preprocessor > -Modeling- Create > -Lines- Line Fillet +

?拾取线36 和40, 然后选择[Apply]

?输入RAD = .25, 然后选择[Apply]

?拾取线40和31, 然后选择[Apply]

?按[Apply]

?拾取线30和39, 然后选择[OK]

?按[OK]

–或用命令:LFILLT,36,40,0.25

LFILLT,40,31,0.25

LFILLT,30,39,0.25

LPLOT

17. 以预先定义的圆角为边界，创建一新的面:

–Main Menu > Preprocessor > -Modeling- Create > -Areas- Arbitrary > By Lines +

?拾取线12, 10, 和13, 然后选择[Apply]

?拾取线17, 15, 和19, 然后选择[Apply]

?拾取线23, 21, 和24, 然后选择[OK]

–Utility Menu > Plot > Areas

–或用命令:AL, 12, 10, 13

AL, 17, 15, 19

AL, 23, 21, 24

APLOT

18. 把所有的面加起来:

–Main Menu > Preprocessor > -Modeling- Operate > Add > Areas +

?拾取[Pick All]

–或用命令:AADD,ALL

19. 选择Fit 使整个模型充满图形窗口:

–Utility Menu > PlotCtrls > Pan, Zoom, Rotate …

?按[Fit]

20. 激活总体笛卡尔坐标系:

–Utility Menu > WorkPlane > Change Active CS to > Global Cartesian

–或用命令:CSYS,0

21. 以X-Z 平面(在Y 方向) 为对称面，对面进行镜面反射:

–Main Menu > Preprocessor > -Modeling- Reflect > Areas +

?拾取[Pick All]

?选择X-Z平面, 然后选择[OK]

–或用命令:ARSYM,Y,13

22. 把所有的面加起来:

–Main Menu > Preprocessor > -Modeling- Operate > Add > Areas +

?拾取[Pick All]

–或用命令:AADD,ALL

23. 关闭工作平面:

–Utility Menu > WorkPlane > Display Working Plane

–或用命令: WPSTYLE

24．存储并退出ANSYS:

–在工具条中拾取“SA VE_DB”

–在工具条中拾取“QUIT”

?选择“Quit - No Save!”

?按[OK]

–或用命令: SA VE

FINISH

/EXIT,NOSA VE

EX3：车轮的实体建模、网格划分

练习目的：创建实体的方法，工作平面的平移及旋转，建立局部坐标系，模型的映射，拷贝，布尔运算（相减、粘接、搭接，基本网格划分。）问题描述：车轮为沿轴向具有循环对称的特性，基本扇区为45度，旋转8份即可得到整个模型。具体步骤：

1．建立切面模型建立三个矩形

Main Menu: Preprocessor -> -Modeling-Create -> -Areas->-Rectangle -> By Dimensions

依次输入x1=5, x2=5.5, y1=0, y2=5单击Apply 再输入x1=5.5, x2=7.5, y1=1.5, y2=2.25单击Apply

最后输入x1=7.5, x2=8.0, y1=0.5, y2=3.75单击OK 将三个矩形加在一起Main Menu: Preprocessor ->Modeling-Operate >Booleans-Add >Areas单击Pick All打开线编号Utility Menu >PlotCtrls > Numbering 线编号为ON，并使/NUM为Colors & Numbers分别对线14与7；7与16；5与13；5与15进行倒角，倒角半径为0.25Main Menu: Preprocessor ->Modeling-Create >Lines-Line Fillet拾取

线14与7，单击Apply，输入圆角半径0.25，单击Apply；拾取线7与16，单击Apply，输入圆角半径0.25，单击Apply；拾取线5与13，单击Apply，输入圆角半径0.25，单击Apply；拾取线5与15，单击Apply，输入圆角半径0.25，单击OK；打开关键点编号Utility Menu >PlotCtrls > Numbering 关键点编号为ON，

并使/NUM为Colors & Numbers通过三点画圆弧Main

Menu>Preprocessor>Create>Arcs>By End KPs & Rad拾取12及11点，单击Apply，再拾取10点，单击Apply，输入圆弧半径0.4, 单击Apply;拾取9及10点，单击Apply，再拾取11点，单击Apply，输入圆弧半径0.4, 单击OK由线生成面Main Menu: Preprocessor -> -Modeling-Create -> -Areas-Arbitrary >By Lines拾取线6、8、2单击Apply拾取线20、19、21单击Apply 拾取线22、24、23单击Apply 拾取线17、18、12单击Apply拾取线11、25单击Apply拾取线9、26单击OK 将所以的面加在一起Main Menu: Preprocessor

->Modeling-Operate >Booleans-Add >Areas单击Pick All

2．定义两个关键点（用来定义旋转轴）

Main Menu>Preprocessor>Create>Keypoints-In Active CS

NPT输入50，单击Apply NPT输入51，Y输入6，单击OK。

3．面沿旋转轴旋转22.5度，形成部分实体

Main Menu: Preprocessor ->Operate-Extrude >Areas- About Axis

拾取面单击Apply，拾取上面定义的两个关键点50，51，单击OK，输入圆弧角度22.5，单击OK。

4．定义一个被减圆柱体首先将坐标平面进行平移并旋转Utility

Menu >WorkPlane >Offset WP to >Keypoints拾取关键点14和16，单击OK将工作平面沿X轴转－90度

Utility Menu >WorkPlane >Offset WP by Increments在XY，YZ，ZX Angles输入0，－90，0单击Apply.

创建实心圆柱体Main Menu>Preprocessor>Create>Cylinder-By Dimensions RAD1输入0.45，Z1，Z2坐标输入1，－2，单击OK5．将圆柱体从轮体中减掉Main Menu>Preprocessor>Operate->Booleans-Subtract >V olumes

首先拾取轮体，单击Apply,然后拾取圆柱体，单击OK。

6．工作平面与总体笛卡尔坐标系一致Utility Menu >WorkPlane >Align WP With>Global Cartesian此处将模型另存为Wheel.db7. 将体沿XY坐标面映射Main Menu>Preprocessor>Reflect >V olumes拾取体，并选择X－Y plane 单击OK8. 旋转工作平面

Utility Menu >WorkPlane >Offset WP by Increments在XY，YZ，ZX Angles输入0，－90，0单击Apply.

在XY，YZ，ZX Angles输入22.5，0，0单击Apply.8．在工作平面原点定义一个局部柱坐标系

Utility Menu >WorkPlane >Local Coordinate Systems>Create Local CS>At WP Origin KCN为11，KCS为Cylindrical 19.将体沿周向旋转8份形成整环。Main Menu>Preprocessor>Copy>V olumes

拾取Pick All，ITIME输入8，DY输入45，单击OK。

4、问题描述：

这是一个关于角支架的单载荷步的结构静力分析。如图所示，左上角的销孔由于焊接而被固定死。右下角的销孔上作用一分布力。本问题的目标是熟悉ANSYS分析的基本过程。使用的是美国的单位体系。

材料的杨氏模量为30E6 psi，泊松比0.27。

1.几何建模：

第一步：定义矩形

1.Main Menu> Preprocessor> Modeling> Create> Areas> Rectangle> By

Dimensions

2.Enter the following:

X1 = 0 ,X2 = 6,Y1 = -1,Y2 = 1

3.Apply to create the first rectangle.

4.Enter the following:

X1 = 4,X2 = 6,Y1 = -1,Y2 = -3

5.OK to create the second rectangle and close the dialog box.

第二步：更改绘图属性和重绘。

1.Utility Menu> Plot Ctrls> Numbering

2.Turn on area numbers.

3.OK to change controls, close the dialog box, and replot.

4.Toolbar: SAVE_DB.

第三步：更改工作平面为极坐标系并创建第一个圆

1.Utility Menu> WorkPlane> Display Working Plane (toggle on)

2.Utility Menu> WorkPlane> WP Settings

3.Click on Polar.

4.Click on Grid and Triad.

5.Enter 0.1 for snap increment.

6.OK to define settings and close the dialog box.

7.Main Menu> Preprocessor> Modeling> Create> Areas> Circle> Solid

Circle

8.Pick center point at:WP X = 0，WP Y = 0

9.Move mouse to radius of 1 and click left button to create circle.

10.OK to close picking menu.

11.Toolbar: SAVE_DB.

第四步：移动工作平面并创建第二个圆

1.Utility Menu> WorkPlane> Offset WP to> Keypoints

2.Pick keypoint at lower left corner of rectangle.

3.Pick keypoint at lower right of rectangle.

4.OK to close picking menu.

5.Main Menu> Preprocessor> Modeling> Create> Areas> Circle> Solid

Circle

6.Pick center point at:WP X = 0，WP Y = 0

7.Move mouse to radius of 1 and click left button to create circle.

8.OK to close picking menu.

9.Toolbar: SAVE_DB.

第五步：增加面

1.Main Menu> Preprocessor> Modeling> Operate> Booleans> Add> Areas

2.Pick All for all areas to be added.

3.Toolbar: SAVE_DB.

第六步：创建线倒角

1.Utility Menu> PlotCtrls> Numbering

2.Turn on line numbering.

3.OK to change controls, close the dialog box, and automatically replot.

4.Utility Menu> WorkPlane> Display Working Plane (toggle off)

5.Main Menu> Preprocessor> Modeling> Create> Lines> Line Fillet

6.Pick lines 17 and 8.

7.OK to finish picking lines (in picking menu).

8.Enter 0.4 as the radius.

9.OK to create line fillet and close the dialog box.

10.Utility Menu> Plot> Lines

第七步：创建倒角面

1.Utility Menu> PlotCtrls> Pan, Zoom, Rotate

2.Click on Zoom button.

3.Move mouse to fillet region, click left button, move mouse out and click

again.

4.Main Menu> Preprocessor> Modeling> Create> Areas> Arbitrary> By

Lines

5.Pick lines 4, 5, and 1.

6.OK to create area and close the picking menu.

7.Click on Fit button.

8.Close the Pan, Zoom, Rotate dialog box.

9.Utility Menu> Plot> Areas

10.Toolbar: SAVE_DB.

第八步：将面添加到一起

1.Main Menu> Preprocessor> Modeling> Operate> Booleans> Add> Areas

2.Pick All for all areas to be added.

3.Toolbar: SAVE_DB.

第九步：创建第一个销孔

1.Utility Menu> WorkPlane> Display Working Plane (toggle on)

2.Main Menu> Preprocessor> Modeling> Create> Areas> Circle> Solid

Circle

3.Pick center point at: WP X = 0，WP Y = 0

4.Move mouse to radius of .4 (shown in the picking menu) and click left button

to create circle.

5.OK to close picking menu.

第十步：移动工作平面并创建第二个销孔

1.Utility Menu> WorkPlane> Offset WP to> Global Origin

2.Main Menu> Preprocessor> Modeling> Create> Areas> Circle> Solid

Circle

3.Pick center point at: WP X = 0，WP Y = 0

4.Move mouse to radius of .4 (shown in the picking menu) and click left mouse

button to create circle.

5.OK to close picking menu.

6.Utility Menu> WorkPlane> Display Working Plane (toggle off)

7.Utility Menu> Plot> Replot

8.Utility Menu> Plot> Lines

9.Toolbar: SAVE_DB.

第十一步：从支架上减掉销孔

1.Main Menu> Preprocessor> Modeling> Operate> Booleans> Subtract>

Areas

2.Pick bracket as base area from which to subtract.

3.Apply (in picking menu).

4.Pick both pin holes as areas to be subtracted.

5.OK to subtract holes and close picking menu.

2.定义材料：

第十二步：设置分析类型

1.Main Menu> Preferences

2.Turn on structural filtering.

3.OK to apply filtering and close the dialog box.

第十三步：定义材料属性

1.Main Menu> Preprocessor> Material Props> Material Models

2.Double-click on Structural, Linear, Elastic, Isotropic.

3.Enter 30e6 for EX.

4.Enter .27 for PRXY.

5.OK to define material property set and close the dialog box.

6.Material> Exit

第十四步：定义单元类型和选项

1.Main Menu> Preprocessor> Element Type> Add/Edit/Delete

2.Add an element type.

3.Structural solid family of elements.

4.Choose the 8-node quad (PLANE82).

5.OK to apply the element type and close the dialog box.

6.Options for PLANE82 are to be defined.

7.Choose plane stress with thickness option for element behavior.

8.OK to specify options and close the options dialog box.

9.Close the element type dialog box.

第十五步：定义实常数(什么是实常数？)

1.Main Menu> Preprocessor> Real Constants> Add/Edit/Delete

2.Add a real constant set.

3.OK for PLANE82.

4.Enter .5 for THK.

5.OK to define the real constant and close the dialog box.

6.Close the real constant dialog box.

3.划分网格：

第十六步：面网格划分

1.Main Menu> Preprocessor> Meshing> Mesh Tool

2.Set Global Size control.

3.Type in 0.5.

4.OK.

5.Choose Area Meshing.

6.Click on Mesh.

7.Pick All for the area to be meshed (in picking menu). Close any warning

messages that appear.

8.Close the Mesh Tool.

4.施加载荷：

第十七步：施加位移约束

1.Main Menu> Solution> Define Loads> Apply> Structural>

Displacement> On Lines

2.Pick the four lines around left-hand hole (Line numbers 10, 9, 11, 12).

3.OK (in picking menu).

4.Click on All DOF.

5.Enter 0 for zero displacement.

6.OK to apply constraints and close dialog box.

7.Utility Menu> Plot Lines

8.Toolbar: SAVE_DB.

第十八步：施加分布力

1.Main Menu> Solution> Define Loads> Apply> Structural> Pressure> On

Lines

2.Pick line defining bottom left part of the circle (line 6).

3.Apply.

4.Enter 50 for VALUE.

5.Enter 500 for optional value.