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In Britain there is a National Health Service(NHS) which is paid for by taxes and National Insurance，and in general people do not have to pay for medical treatment. Every person is registered with a doctor in his or her local area，known as a general practitioner(全科医生) or GP. This means that their names are on the GP’s list，and they may make an appointment to see the doctor or may call the doctor out to visit them if they are ill. People sometimes do have to pay part of the cost of drugs that the doctor prescribes. GPs are trained in general medicine but are not specialists in any particular subject. If a patient needs to see a specialist doctor，they must first go to their GP and then the GP will make an appointment for the patient to see a specialist at a hospital or clinic.

Although everyone in Britain can have free treatment under the NHS，it is also possible for him to have treatment done privately，for which he has to pay. Some people have private health insurance to help them pay for private treatment. Under the NHS，people who need to go to hospital may have to wait for a long time on a waiting list for their treatment. Anyone who is very ill can call an ambulance(救护车) and get taken to hospital for free urgent medical treatment. Ambulances are a free service in Britain.

36. In Britain，the National Health Service refers to_______.

A) a local hospital

B) a medicine supplier

C) a medical care system

D) an insurance company

37. Under the National Health Service，British citizens_______.

A) are all registered with a general practitioner

B) do not need insurance

C) can only go to see a general practitioner

D) cannot call in a general practitioner

38. People buy private health insurance in order to_______.

A) pay for the ambulance service

B) receive free urgent treatment

C) see a general practitioner

D) have private treatment

39. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?

A) People in Britain do not have to pay for any kind of medical care.

B) People in Britain may wait long for their free medical treatment.

C) In Britain you have to pay for ambulance service.

D) Britain private medical insurance is free.

40. What is this passage mainly about?

A) Private medical care in Britain.

B) Roles of general practitioners.

C) Taxes and free medical care.

D) Health services in Britain.

Most of us grow up taking certain things for granted. We tend to assume that experts and religious leaders tell us “the truth”. We tend to believe that things advertised on television or in newspap ers can’t be bad for us.

However, encouragement of critical thinking in students is one of the goals of most colleges and universities. Few professors require students to share the professors’

own beliefs. In general, professors are more concerned that students learn to question and critically examine the arguments of others, including some of their own beliefs or values. This does not mean that professors insist that you change your beliefs, either.

I t does mean, however, that professors will usually ask you to support the views you express in class or in your writing.

If your premises (前提) are shaky, or if your arguments are not logical, professors personally point out the false reasoning in your arguments. Most professors want you to learn to recognize the premises of your arguments, to examine whether you really accept these premises, and to understand whether or not you draw logical conclusions. Put it this way: Professors don’t tell you what to think; they try to teach you how to think.

On the other hand, if you intend to disagree with your professors in class, you should be prepared to offer a strong argument in support of your ideas. Arguing just for the sake of arguing usually does not promote a critical examination of ideas. Many professors interpret it as rudeness.

36. In the first paragraph, the writer tries to tell us that people _______.

A) easily accept certain things without a second thought

B) grow up through learning certain things in life

C) are forming their views during their growth

D) have strong beliefs in authorities while getting old

37. Nowadays, most colleges and universities encourage students to ____________.

A) criticize others

B) share professors’ beliefs

C) give their own ideas

D) change their own beliefs

38. The word “shaky” (Line 1, Para.3) most probably means “___________”.

A) creative

B) firm

C) false

D) weak

39. To help students develop , professors mainly teach them ______.

A) choice of their premises

B) the way to think independently

C) skills of drawing conclusions

D) different kinds of arguments

40. According to the writer, the right way to argue is to _____________.

A) argue mainly for the sake of arguing

B) prove it with a good conclusion

C) support your idea with sound reasoning

D) examine others’ idea s critically

两篇答案分别是C A D B D, A C D B C

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