新编英语教程4练习册答案

Unit 1

TEXT Ⅰ

Comprehension
Answers for reference:
A. 1. As the saying goes, “As you sow, so will you reap”, which means whatever a man sows he will reap. The writer intends to convince the reader that making New Year's resolutions also follows this maxim. The more resolutions you make at the beginning of the year, the better results you will have.
2. He had read a number of books on selfimprovement before he made his resolutions. He wrote out a long list of resolutions. He wanted to make a different man of himself — a loving father and an ideal husband—by trying to attend to everyone's needs.
3. Having written a long list of resolutions, he longed to put them into practice, thinking that they would be a great success.
4. Judging from the information given in the text, he was a serious and strict father to the children. He did not like to be bothered with questions. He never treated them as his equals. He showed no interest in their friends nor in what they were doing. Having a quick temper, he got excited easily and often yelled at them. He did not allow any mischievous behaviour to go on at home. He was one of those husbands who did not like to lift a finger to help his wife and do household chores. What he did in his free time was enjoy himself thoroughly. He had a good time at parties and liked to stay out late even if this meant he had a headache the next day. At home, what he did most of the time was either watch a footfall match or read the newspaper.
5. He tried to be considerate and helpful, but failed. All his efforts to be a good busband went contrary to his expectations. The whole family was thrown into disorder and confusion. His wife was annoyed by his good manners and smart remarks, thinking they were affected and that he was being sarcastio on purpose. She attributed his cheerfulness, good temper and thoughtfulness to not feeling his best after staying out late.
6. He wanted to do better but did not know how to do it appropriately. On New Year's Day, he was in a particularly cheerful and good mood, eager to render any service to his wife and children. He did everything of his own accord. He was considerate to his wife to the minutest detail and he graciously condescended to play jacks with Gretchen, build a snowman for the boys and strike up a conversation with Kit. But the result in every case proved to be just the opposite to what he had expected. The writer behaved like a changed man. What he did was suddenly totally different from what he used to do, so his family was unprepared for this change. That's why, to them, his behaviour was too good to be true—his temper was too good to be believed, and his thoughtfulness was too great to be natural.
7. It means:“The whole family are happy to see that your have come to be your usual self again and you are behaving naturally. At last everything will go back to normal.”
B. Reference version:
1. Quite obviously, anyone who was determined to be guided b

y the rules of selfimprovement I collected would be happy and have a richer life, infinite affection from his family and the love and respect of the community.
2. Show your love readily and willingly.
3. Wholehearted and genuine praise is really valuable.
4. Join your children and treat them as your equals.
5. I heard screams down the hall one after another and I found Gretchen crying.
6. The most unimportant light task may turn out to be worthwhile if it is dealt with eagerly and with interest.
7. I started to have a conversation with Kit in a friendly way and tried my best to achieve close agreement and understanding between us.
8. You never troubled yourself to chat with people in the past. Why do you want to start doing it now?

TEXT Ⅱ

Comprehension
1. F (He knew this beforehand, but he had to go there because he felt the bank was the only place to keep his money safely.)
2. T
3. F (The manager said “Good morning” not to Mr. Montgomery, but to the writer. “Good morning” in this case is not a greeting, but a farewell, meaning “Goodbye”.)
4. F (The clerks were at first astonished, and then amused.)
5. F (He was never very rich. All he saved were some silver dollars in a sock.)

K 13TEXT Ⅲ

Comprehension
1. C2. B3. A4. C5. A

GUIDED WRITING

Sentence Combination
Reference version:
It is much less common for people to carry cash in the West than it is for people to carry cash in China. Often it is not safe to have large amounts of cash on hand in the West.
Most people use cheques or credit cards to avoid carrying cash with them. Cheques are commonly used to pay rent, for utilities, and telephone bills and can also be used to make purchases while credit cards are mainly used to make purchases.
Credit cards are pieces of plastic, usually 5.5cm. by 8.5cm. They are issued by banks and stores that want people to spend more money. When purchasing something, the buyer will give his credit card to the seller. The seller will check the information on the card and record it, accept the card instead of accepting money. The seller will give the buyer a receipt and another receipt goes to the bank. The bank will then send a bill to the buyer, usually after 30 days.

COMPREHENSIVE EXERCISES

Ⅰ. Spelling
1. downstairs2. spontaneous3. creativity4. jovially
5. wander6. shriek7. chore8. poisonous
9. relieve10. interruption11. reckless12. wretched

Ⅱ. Dictation
The United States is becoming more and more a “cashless society”. People are making purchases by cheque, charge accounts or credit cards, rather than carrying large amounts of money in their pockets or purses.
Normally people pay by cheque at the end of each month at department stores and some food markets and drugstores. They also pay monthly by cheque for rent, telephone calls, electricity, milk, newspaper deliveries, and similar household expenses. Mary have charge cards to pay for petrol and service station expenses and credit c

ards for restaurant, hotel, and travel costs.
Many other people, however, prefer to payastheygo and not accumulate monthly bills. Most people work out a combination, paying some bills in cash and charging others. This is a matter of personal choice. But if you have charge accounts, be sure to pay promptly; the interest charged for late payments can be high.

K 14Ⅲ. Listening ComprehensionA. Income: ￡2000 a year
Expenses
Housing: ￡50 a month for mortgage
Food: ￡60 a month
Car: a large repair bill every now and then
Electricity: ￡16 a year
Gas: ￡70 a year
Books: /B. The man on the doorstep says he is doing a survey for the Department of Health and Social Security. He is actually a salesman, trying to sell The New World Children's Encyclopaedia.

Ⅳ. Translation
A. 1. Every time he returned home from work at midnight, he would tiptoe upstairs, trying not to disturb his neighbours.
2. To establish some kind of rapport with his new neighbour, Mr.Jones lost no chance in offering to carry her luggage into the house.
3. The article recommended by Dr. Miller centres on the problem of air pollution; meanwhile, it touches upon other issues such as water pollution, noise pollution and visual pollution.
4. If it had not been for the constant encouragement and help from her friends, she couldn't have accomplished anything.
5. It was only a few days ago that he was full of contempt for the new project, but he is now working hard with zest for its realization. What a baffling change!
6. Judging from what she wrote in her autobiography, she always had mixed feelings for that pianist.
7. While waiting in the lounge for the flight, he struck up a conversation with two American travellers and touched on many interesting crosscultural issues.
8. These girls all dread working alone on night duty.
9. I don't mind working overtime. What I do mind is working on those insignificant trivial things during the weekend.
10. Actually nobody asked them to do anything on the first day of school. When they saw the classroom in such a mess, however, they cleaned it spontaneously.
B. Reference version:
K 15Joe had dodged the police many times, but never like this. He was afraid. He was sprawled on the rooflistening for sounds. Somewhere below people were yelling and shrieking, but he was not concerned about the commotion. He looked round, searching for any sign of a policeman. When he heard some footsteps on the corrugated iron roof, he was seized with fear. What made them chase after me, he thought. I haven't done anything. You shouldn't have sneaked up here, he said to himself.
Then he saw the shape of a policeman approaching. He did not want to give up. He still wanted to make an effort to escape. He rose to his feet quietly and tiptoed over to the far end of the roof, thinking that he could perhaps slide down the drainpipe. Just at that moment, the policeman strode forward and was about to grab the boy by the collar wh

en, unaware of a clothesline in his way which caught his cap, he almost stumbled. Joe was startled, but he could go back no further. The policeman steadied himself and reached out for the boy.

Ⅴ． Blank Filling
A. 1. down 2. for 3. down, down4. after
5. back6. on7. in8. off
9. out10. for11. in, out12. out
13. to14. over15. up
B. (1) name(2) sell(3) things(4) exchange
(5) shares(6) other(7) business(8) partial
(9) then(10) company(11) kinds(12) shares
(13) wealthy(14) expenses(15) hope(16) stock
(17) rich(18) money(19) reasons(20) general
(21) investors(22) gamble(23) investing(24) glad
(25) willing(26) world
C. (1) failed(2) game(3) sketches(4) down
(5) Only(6) that(7) weapon(8) comic
(9) did(10) characters(11) to(12) for
(13) ran(14) dropped(15) turned(16) up
(17) title(18) made(19) later(20) fans
(21) funny(22) being(23) put(24) reach
(25) in
D. (1) was blessed with
(2) boundless love
(3) encouraged creativity in the young
(4) was spontaneous
(5) on
(6) tired of
(7) with more zest
(8) worth its weight in gold
(9) admiration of the community
(10) swarmed around
K 16(11) drawn by
(12) struck up a conversation with
(13) established a kind of rapport
(14) was about fourfifths done
(15) was in a poisonous mood
(16) sneak up on
(17) tenyearold
(18) would have thrown in the sponge
(19) were about to perform openheart surgery on

Ⅵ. NounVerbAdjectiveAdverb1. creativitycreatecreativecreatively2. beautybeautifybeautifulbeautifully3. resolutionresolveresoluteresolutely4. moralitymoralizemoralmorally5. illustrationillustrateillustrativeillustratively6. suggestionsuggestsuggestivesuggestively7. collectioncollectcollectivecollectively8. admirationadmireadmirableadmirably9. differencedifferdifferentdifferently10. imaginationimagineimaginativeimaginatively11. harmonyharmonizeharmoniousharmoniously12. impressivenessimpressimpressiveimpressively13. distributiondistributedistributivedistributively14. explanationexplainexplanatoryexplanatorily15. disappointmentdisappointdisappointingdisappointingly


Unit 2

TEXT Ⅰ

Comprehension
Answers for reference:
A. 1. English has now become one of the most widely used languages in the world. In 1500, English was an insignificant language, spoken by the people living on a small island. Now it is spoken as the first language by over a quarter of a billion people and as a second language by many millions more. When people speak English, we may be able to tell which English it is—American English, Australian English, British English, Indian English and so on. Besides, for different purposes, we use different Englishes: everyday English, business English, commercial English, diplomatic English, medical English, scientific English, technical English, legal English, journalistic English and so on. We also use different degrees of formality and can differentiate between formal English, informal English, and colloquial English.
2. Style expresses the writer'

s individuality through his choice of words and sentence patterns, and his selection and arrangement of material. Style frequently reflects the writer's personality, mood, attitudes, education, and general background. There are different kinds of styles: homely, coarse, refined, ironic, vulgar, plain, childlike, formal, informal, wordy, colloquial, direct, grandiloquent, and so on. We choose words to suit the audience, the occasion, the topic, and the genre (e.g., short story, essay, argumentation). Certain words, exact and concrete as they are, are excluded from formal use, because they are not appropriate for formal occasions. It would be absurd if slang terms or vulgarisms were used to address an audience at commencement, or the other way round, if a very formal style, long sentences and complex grammatical structures were used in a friendly letter. Yet if we have some idea of different styles, but don't know when to use which, this knowledge is worse than useless.
3. This is an example of a very formal expression alongside a colloquialism. Bags of fun is a slang term whereas extremely gracious is very formal language.
Here is another example of the same kind to show the inappropriateness of a formal style mixed with colloquialism. In a letter of application, you begin thus:
Dear Sirs,
I am writing to you in the hope that you still have a vacant place in your department. If you hve not yet employed anyone, I should like my application for the position to be considered.
...
And you conclude with:
As to my character and fitness for the job, please rest assured that I am sure smart. In this last sentence, job may be rather too informal; employment or post would be more suitable. Smart is a colloquialism that means “mentally alert, quickwitted, and talented”. Moreover, the sentence I am sure smart is very informal and colloquial, and so it is inappropriate for the letter.
4. Good use of English requires the appropriate choice of words for the expression of thoughts. To be in “good use of English”, therefore, a word must be used appropriately in a specific set of circumstances.
K 225. Coy means “shy, diffident, bashful”. What the writer means here is:“Do away with your shyness. Decide what you want to say and say it as directly as possible in plain words. Stop deceiving people and beating about the bush. Call a spade a spade.”
6. Some examples of euphemisms:
1) a mental home (＝ an insane asylum)
slow (＝ dull in mind)
residence (＝ house)
a reconditioned automobile (＝ a used car)
stout (＝fat)
The above words and phrases in italics are supposed to be more pleasant substitutes for those in parentheses.
2) skin tonic (＝cold cream. The term skin tonic may help the manufacturer to sell his products more easily.)
3) Goodness me！ Goodness gracious！ Thank goodness. For goodness' sake！ (It is supposed to be blasphemous to use the word God in one's speech, so goodness is used instead of God.)
4) “Mil

lions of peasants are robbed of their farms and sent trudging along the roads with no more than they can carry: this is called transfer of population.” (This is quoted from George Orwell's “Politics and the English Language”. Euphemism is used here to hide some brutal, harsh, stark political realities.)
7. The writer means that in spite of the fact that he strongly objects to the use of euphemisms, some euphemisms, having considerable vigour and vitality, can still be used as far as he is concerned.
8. It shows that the writer can foresee the inevitable fate of any euphemism, i.e., that any effort to avoid unpleasantness will end in failure, because a euphemism will quickly acquire the same “negative connotation” as the word it has replaced. There is thus no sense in using euphemisms.
B. Reference version:
1. The richer life experience we have, and the more people from all walks of life we know, we will develop more extensive and flexible knowledge of different English styles and the ability to use each style appropriately when the occasion arises.
2. If we do not know when to use each style appropriately, or if we confuse one style with another inappropriately, an unsystematic and casual knowledge of styles is of no use, or even worse.
3. Neither “bags of fun” nor “extremely gracious” in its suitable context is a careless / casual expression of one's ideas.
4. It would, however, also be absurd / foolish to turn the judgment completely the other way round.
K 235. Except in cases where they are used to achieve humorous effect, contemporary writers think that euphemisms are too disgusting, artificial and pretentious.
6. Supporing the argument made by using the outdated and stereotyped phrases that are often used by trade union leaders would be as easy as shooting birds that never fly away.
7. Some euphemisms are unusual enough to be funny. They are so unusual that they become quite funny.
8. Some people may also like extreme understatement.

TEXT Ⅱ

Comprehension
1. C2. C3. A4. B5. B6. C

TEXT Ⅲ

Comprehension
1. F (The euphemistic term for “dustmen” in the U.S. simply sounds more prosperous.)
2. T
3. F (He is put in prison, but the name for prison is “adjustment centre”.)
4. F (There are, but the term “poor people” has been replaced by the euphemism: the “underprivileged.”)
5. F (There are more euphemisms in English than in many other languages.)

GUIDED WRITING

Sentence Combination
Reference version:
Proverbs, probably as old as our civilization, form an important part of our heritage. Children can learn basic lessons from them. For example, they may learn thrift by hearing a parent or grandparent say, “Waste not, want not.” Young people tempted to be dishonest are often able to resist the temptation by recalling “Honesty is the best policy”. Or persons faced with difficult tasks will be encouraged to persevere by keeping in mind that “Little strokes fell great oak

s”. And many tense situations are improved when one person or another remembers that “A soft answer turns away wrath”, or that “Two cannot quarrel if one won't”.
K 24Proverbs are found in almost every language in the world, whether the language is written or not. In fact, where the language has not been written, proverbs are one of the principal ways the people pass down their philosophy of life from one generation to another, thus preserving their most precious heritage.

COMPREHENSIVE EXERCISES

Ⅰ. Spelling
1. drift2. perspective3. significantly4. Danish
5. ordinary6. variety7. desirable8. isolation
9. nineteenth10. linguist11. negotiate12. satisfactory

Ⅱ. Dictation
One day over lunch in a Chinese restaurant I heard somebody say “Take what you've got and never want more.” I called the Chinese Embassy and asked the young lady who answered exactly what that meant. Did they really have such a proverb? She replied that it was indeed an old Chinese proverb, and similar in meaning to our “A bird in the hand is worth two in the bush”. I told her I was so glad that we had something in common and thanked her.
It was then that I decided to find out if the rest of the world had this proverb in common with us. I had no trouble in my quest as far as the Spanish Embassy was concerned. When I asked for the Spanish version of “A bird, etc.”, the bright but highly amused young woman came up immediately with, “Better to have one in hand than a hundred flying”.

Ⅲ. Listening Comprehension
A. 1. F (Not everyone laughs at the same things. What is funny to an Italian may not be funny to a Chinese.)
2. F (The American says that the Empire State Building was built in only two months in order to boast that things can be done incredibly fast in his country.)
3. F (He sometimes laughs when we make mistakes because we sound funny.)
4. F (A wise person laughs at himself or herself when he or she makes a mistake.)
5. T
6. TⅣ. Translation
A. 1. An unknown disease affected his brain so badly that he lost his memory completely.
2. The protesting crowds outside the courthouse had no effect at all on the judges and the jury of this Pacific island country.
3. A guilty man apprehends danger in every sound.
K 254. Her soft voice and gracious smile put everyone in the room at ease.
5. Not until you have a good command of a scale of styles can you speak English appropriately in different situations.
6. His haphazard knowledge of modern economics was one of the reasons why he failed in his business.
7. The new general manager did not feel very comfortable with the way he was addressed by his colleagues in the company.
8. No matter how hard he had tried, his efforts to improve his image in the mind of the public proved to be ineffective.
9. It was the last thing that occurred to the commander that his soldiers would defy／disobey his orders.
10. Although the composition teacher considers these expressions nothing b

ut cliches, they appeal very much to the students.
B. Reference version:
We should always bear in mind that in different circumstances we use the English language in different ways. This fact, however, is often forgotten. When we think about language, we too often think only of the more formal forms, especially the written forms. But we are not always reading and writing. We use slang, or at least colloquial forms, with friends and acquaintances. In certain social situations, we use clichés that we would probably blush to write down. We use polite speech when we speak to our elders or our superiors. We use highsounding language on important occasions. We tell jokes and make comments about things or people near or far. We talk about ordinary things or of the secrets of the universe. We express feelings to one person or to a group. We choose slightly different forms of language for each of these purposes. For a native speaker of English, his choice is partly instinctive and partly based on an awareness of the kind of language that is expected of him. A good command of English must include an acquaintance with all these “registers”.

Ⅴ. Blank Filling
A. 1. a) diedb) deathc) deadd) deathly
e) deadlyf) deathlikeg) dying
2. a) judgeb) judgmentc) judges
3. a) approachingb) approachc) approached
4. a) argueb) argumentativec) argument
5. a) observingb) observantc) observations
B. (1) countries(2) translation(3) communicate(4) Translators
(5) misunderstandings(6) universal(7) centuries(8) language
(9) problem(10) realized(11) language(12) told
(13) worked(14) more(15) in(16) on
(17) Esperanto(18) same(19) countries(20) newspapers
(21) books(22) created(23) has(24) Esperanto
(25) universal
K 26C. (1) D(2) B(3) C(4) C
(5) D(6) B(7) A(8) B
(9) A(10) D(11) B(12) D
(13) A(14) C(15) D
D. (1) described as(2) just as plainly
(3) equals(4) get
(5) as was often the case
(6) approached a state of collapse and coma
(7) done away with
2. (1) described ... as(2) whereas
(3) no more ... than(4) more ... the less
(5) tire of(6) insisting
(7) just(8) nothing but
(9) was well aware(10) a slight feeling of guilt
(11) as(12) address
(13) acquire(14) unless
(15) struck ... as

Ⅵ. Possible responses for reference:
1. Yes. Of course I will.2. Well, mm, yes, erh, perhaps not.
3. Yes. I'm afraid so.4. Oh yes, no problem.
5. I'm afraid I won't, much as I like to.6. It certainly is.
7. Indeed！ Does he?8. No. None at all.
9. I'm sorry, I didn't.10. No！ I was not.

Unit 3

TEXT Ⅰ

Comprehension
Answers for reference：
A 1 Being a pious Christian, she had a deep respect and boundless love for God, hoping that God would bless and save her whole family. Now that there was an opportunity for the soul of her nephew to be saved, she couldn't help feeling excited. She was looking forward to the special meeting for children, unable to hide her eagerness.
2 She told him that he could see and hear and feel Jesus

in his soul when he was saved. Jesus would come to him and the child would see a light and feel different inside. Being a child of twelve, he believed her and waited in great earnest for Jesus to come into his life.
3 The writer purposely describes the members of the congregation in detail — the old black women wearing plaits, and weatherbeaten old men; “weatherbeaten” indicates their rich experience of life. Since they believed in God and they said the same things about Jesus, the child didn't think it could be untrue. The writer is suggesting that the power of other people to make a person do what they believe is right is often irresistible.
4 1) It is first mentioned by the child's aunt in the second paragraph, as an idea presented by his aunt in the process of trying to convince him of the importance of being saved.
2) In the fifth onesentence paragraph the child was waiting to see Jesus.
3) It is repeated in the seventh paragraph, when the child was still waiting and longing to see Jesus.
4) It it repeated again in the eleventh paragraph, this time as an indirect accusation of hypocrisy, since Jesus didn't punish Westley for telling a lie.
5) The last time it is repeated is in the last paragraph, when it ends up in Langston's selfrevelation of and regret over his dishonesty, and it helps to express his distress about having been disillusioned.
5 He believed that many old people certainly knew better — that God would come into his life. He felt he had to wait patiently to see Jesus in spite of the heat, the crowd, and the earnest entreaties of some of the members of the congregation. As he hadn't seen Jesus, he didn't want to lie and say he had, for he was basically an honest boy.
6 The lessons he learned were：
1) He couldn't resist the power to do what a great many people thought he should. People, old and young, men and women, all believed in the existence of almighty God; he had to do what they expected of him and sit on the mourner's bench to be saved and say Jesus had come.
2) If he didn't want to hold everything up, and if he wanted to save further trouble, he had better lie. The proverb “Honesty is the best policy”, he learned, did not always apply.
3) Religion was not what he wanted. He couldn't and wouldn't believe in his aunt and God any more since he had been deceived and forced to tell a lie.
7 He was saved from sin in an ironic sense. He was compelled to commit a sin (ie, to lie) in order to be “saved from sin”.
B Reference version：
1 Every night for weeks, the priests gave sermons, and people sang songs in praise of God, worshipped God and shouted for joy. Some sinners who had never showed signs of shame or repentance were saved from sin and the number of the members of the church increased rapidly.
2 The clergyman spoke on religious matters to the congregation. His speech was marvellously regular and melodious; it was a mixture of the low sounds of pain, gri

ef and suffering, loud and happy as well as lonely cries, and horrible pictures of the world sinners go to when they die.
3 The whole building shook with all the praying and singing.
4 All the people attending church service prayed only for me; their praying became one strong and powerful sound of pain and suffering.
5 The whole church became a sea of great joy.
6 When everything became quiet again, during a respectful silence, which was broken only by several people saying “Amen” extremely joyfully and happily, all the children were given blessings by the minister in the name of God.

TEXT Ⅱ

Comprehension
1 F (People were pleased because he was not only honest but also a good businessman.)
2 F (In fact, they were greatly interested in others' business. For example, George Williams and Clyde Ballard's wife listened to others' telephone calls on the party line.)
3 F (George also spoke ill of him. For example, he said, “Well, I always said that Sam Billings was the biggest crook that ever lived in the town of Androscoggin.”)
4 F (Florida was to the South of Androscoggin.)
5 T
6 F (No one told him of the things that had been said against him.)

TEXT Ⅲ

Comprehension
1 C2 B3 B4 A5 A

GUIDED WRITING

Sentence Combination
Reference version：
Gossip can be gracious and kindly and as often affected by good will as by rancour.
Try to imagine, for instance, a village where there is no gossip. Every citizen in it is, to use a common expression, minding his own business, never caring to see what anyone else is doing. In such a place, there would probably be no charities, no getting together, no luncheon clubs, no sewing bees, no Rotary, no ParentTeacher Associations, and in fact, no local news, for news is nothing but verified gossip.
K 33News is verified gossip and history is verified news — verified in the unlimited passage of time, for this verification may take a few hours or a few thousand years. Scholars today are endlessly checking the legendary accounts of the victories of Genghis Khan or seeking to reconcile conflicting testimony as to the exact words of Jesus. For we know that a great deal of unverified gossip slips into history's pages, to linger there for generations until the discovery of lost evidence brings us closer to the truth.
It is inevitable that this should be so. Stories which are passed from father to son may be intentionally altered to suit the age or the taste of the listener, without intent to distort; or they may be told with accuracy, but inaccurately heard, and still more inaccurately repeated.

COMPREHENSIVE EXERCISES

Ⅰ Spelling
1 escort2 rhythmical3 surround
4 minister5 swirl6 punctuate
7 quilt8 serenely9 ecstatic
10 wail11 deceive12 knee

Ⅱ Dictation
The last days before Easter were busy and exciting ones. Father whitewashed the house inside and out, and painted the window bo

xes and shutters a bright blue. The two children selected the largest, most perfect eggs, and they were laid aside for decorating. Evenings Mother got out her dyepots and the fascinating work of making dozens and dozens of fancy Easter eggs kept the family busy. There were two ways of decorating them. The plainer ones were dyed first. When they dried, Father scratched patterns on them with penknives. The fancy ones were lots of work. Mother had a tiny funnel, with melted beeswax in it. With this she drew intricate patterns on the white eggs. After the wax hardened, she dipped them in the dye. Then she scratched off the wax and there was the beautiful design left in white on the coloured eggs. The finished ones were placed in baskets and put on a shelf until Easter morning.

K 34Ⅲ Listening Comprehension
A 1 C2 B3 A4 C5 B6 D
B Jansci's parents pretended that they had forgotten Kate's boots and Jancsi's father suggested that she should wear his boots. But actually they had bought a pair of pretty, trim red boots for Kate.

Ⅳ Translation
A 1 Holding out his workgnarled hands, the old fisherman with a weatherbeaten face started to tell us about the hardships of his life on the sea.
2 The little girl is apparently badly injured. She's been crying for hours and she's still moaning.
3 As the Nobel Prize winner went onto the platform escorted by the chairman, the whole hall rocked with cheers and clapping.
4 When the dance party was in full swing, music and songs swirled all around the ballroom.
5 For reasons that are not quite understood, there has been a revival of strong interest in traditional Chinese drama, such as Bejing Opera and Shaoxing Opera, among the college students.
6 The traffic downtown was held up for a while because crowds of people swarmed into the streets to watch the annual holiday parade.
7 When he saw his heartbroken parents, the young man felt so ashamed of himself for causing so much trouble to the family that he went on his knees and begged their forgiveness.
8 He was very excited at the sight of his son, whom he had not met for a long time, getting off the ship. But it was quite out of his expectation that his son pretended not to see him; and turning his back to his father, the young man walked off right away.
9 The two neighbouring countries stopped the decadelong war and signed a peace agreement. From then on, their economic exchange and bilateral trade developed by leaps and bounds.
10 As soon as the winner of Nobel Prize of physics appeared before the faculty and students, the hall broke into a sea of cheers. And his speech was punctuated by deafening clapping.
B Reference version：
Sally Smith, an astronaut, was back at last after her seventyday voyage through outerspace. As she was escorted by her husband into their livingroom, the whole room rocked with cheers and clapping. Waves of joy swept through the p

lace. Her pupils, who were all there, leaped in the air; her father jumped from his chair; and her mother threw her arms around her. When she knelt at her grandmother's knees and took her by the hand, her grandmother broke down and burst into tears. “Oh, you've really come back, Sally,” she sobbed. “How I missed you!” “I missed you,too,” Sally said. While Sally wiped the tears from her grandmother's cheeks, music and songs swirled all around them.
K 35
Ⅴ Blank Filling
A a 1) effort2) trouble3) effort4) trouble
b 1) still2) Still3) quiet4) calm5) quiet
c 1) crying2) weeping ／ sobbing3) sobbed
d 1) alone2) lonely, lonely3) alone
B (1) different(2) completely(3) similarities
(4) beliefs(5) playing(6) example
(7) not(8) cause(9) not
(10) be(11) This(12) and
(13) reason(14) single(15) center
(16) Instead(17) the(18) religious
(19) Christian(20) in(21) because
(22) broke(23) much(24) branches
(25) church(26) right(27) separate
(28) that(29) by(30) result
(31) Protestants(32) leave(33) have
(34) beliefs(35) who(36) Protestants
C (1) C(2) D(3) A(4) A(5) B(6) C
(7) C(8) D(9) A(10) B(11) D(12) B
(13) C(14) D(15) B
D (1) membership(2) by leaps and bounds
(3) had been a lot of(4) were escorted
(5) workgnarled hands(6) jetblack
(7) ashamed of(8) in the name of God
(9) save(10) on
(11) swinging(12) grinning at
(13) throws her arms around(14) break into
(15) rocked with(16) waves of rejoicing swept the place
(17) quieted down(18) punctuated
(19) ended

K 36Ⅵ A grey： mousecoloured, offwhite
white： milkwhite, snowwhite
black： coalblack, jet, jetblack, pitchblack
red： crimson, pink, rosy, ruby, ruddy, scarlet
green： bottle green, emerald, olive green, pea green, sea green, turquoise
yellow： blonde, cream, golden, offwhite, sandy, strawcoloured
blue： navy, royal blue, sky blue, turquoise
brown： bronze, chocolate, tan
B 1 made every effort2 I won't accept
3 study4 examined ... closely
5 agree to6 do you take as a hobby
7 last a long time8 match
9 run counter to (are against)10 spoil
11 act according to12 broken his promise


Unit 4

TEXT Ⅰ

Comprehension
A Answers for reference：
1 F (In order to get the most out of any book and to absorb it fully, we must write between the lines as well as read between the lines. In this sense, the two phrases are complementary to each other.)
2 F (The writer talks about marking a book on condition that it is your own book. Books borrowed from a friend or the library, or textbooks kept on reserve in universities, should not be marked.)
3 T
4 F (Once you have bought a book, you become its true owner only when you have made it a part of yourself. The writer makes a comparison between reading a book and consuming a beefsteak in order to explain what “full”, “real” ownership is.)
5 F (If it is a first ed

ition of a famous writer's masterpiece or an elegantly bound edition, for example, it is not advisable to mark it up.)
6 F (According to the writer, the more notes you have made in a book and the “worse” its physical appearance gets, the better you have absorbed the book.)
7 F (The writer says that the soul is the content of a book while the body is its binding and typography, so they are separable. The beauty of a rare edition or of a magnificently bound book, however, is inseparable from its soul. Its beauty is just like the beauty of a painting or a statue, whose body and soul cannot be separated.)
8 F (Gone with the Wind is a piece of light fiction meant for enjoyment, amusement and relaxation. If you do not read it actively, you lose nothing. The writer has the same opinion as Francis Bacon, the seventeenthcentury English philosopher, who says：“Some books are to be tasted, others to be swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested,...” Different kinds of books need different approaches. Only books to be read for their rich ideas need diligence and careful attention. Unless it is for a special purpose, you do not have to make detailed notes in Gone with the Wind.)
9 F (We cannot draw this conclusion so rashly because the writer tells us that if a book is say, a beautiful first edition, it is a combination of body and soul, and he would not scribble in it. A clean book may be such a book.)
10 T
B Reference version：
When the writer emphasizes the importance of marking up a book, he is referring to one's own books that are worth careful reading or study. In the case of these books, we should try to understand both the main ideas and the specific details, so as to make judgments, react emotionally, analytically, or critically, recognize the author's hidden purpose or prejudices, make an overall evaluation, comprehend precisely what is being said, and make comments on his style, diction and ／ or ideas. In short, it is an excellent method of intensive reading.
K 42Consider the following points：
1) In the 80's, a person adopting one reading method cannot read very much, so he cannot achieve as much as those who employ multiple reading techniques.
Nowadays a reader has to read various newspapers, magazines and periodicals in order to keep up with what is happening around him, to become better informed, and to gain a broad understanding of a particular topic. Sometimes when a person is reviewing, or doing research, or writing a paper, or seeking specific information for some specific purpose, he must have another kind of reading skill to help him to find answers to specific questions. As purposes of reading vary, so must the reading methods vary. The degree of concentration, the speed, the amount of attention paid to details and the amount of notetaking will all vary with the reader's purpose.
2) It is necessary to cultivate good reading habits. Scribbling all over a book or making it dog

eared are not considered good reading habits by most people.
3) Good readers usually respect those who keep their books clean. Love and respect for books are generally considered to be a good reader's duty. The way recommended by the writer can probably best be described as a “minority viewpoint”.
C Answers for reference：
1 I argue plainly that making marks in a book is not something done to spoil it but to show its worth and value.
2 Getting the book by payment is merely a preparatory step on the way to ownership.
3 Only when you have fully absorbed it can you say that you own the book completely.
4 The third kind of book owners possess only a few or many books, but every one of them is worn, with the corners of the leaves folded over, and has become less tightly bound because of constant use. There are marks and informally written notes in each book from cover to cover.
5 I would never mark pages of a first edition copy of Paradise Lost, just as I would not give my baby a set of coloured pencils and a painting by Rembrandt in the original.
6 If the elaborate cover, style of printing or layout prevent you from marking up a book, then you'd better buy a cheap edition in which you can show your respect to the writer (i.e., by writing notes in it).
7 If you write notes in the book yourself, the words and sentences will stand out more distinctly in your mind and last longer in your memory.
8 Don't believe that a reader is only expected to take in passively what is in the book (i.e., the reader should also contribute).
9 Comprehension is a process involving both reception and production. If you remain a container ready only to receive, you cannot expect to learn very much.

K 43TEXT Ⅱ

Comprehension
1 F (Instead of finding time to read, we must make time, that is, we must increase our reading speed. If we triple or quadruple our reading speed, we'll be able to read three or four times as much as we usually do.)
2 F (Regression is a bad habit that must be done away with.)
3 T
4 F (This is a very inefficient reading habit that slows down our reading.)
5 F (The reader does not have to worry so much about comprehension when he begins to practise fasterthancomfortable reading speed, but as time goes on he will have to pay attention to comprehension.)

TEXT Ⅲ
Comprehension
1 (The Second Hand Shop.)2 (442 9900.)
3 (W. Foster or S. J. Screeton.)4 (P. J. Ryan. Save money. Estimates free.)
5 (3, i.e., North Cheshire Builders, A.C.Webb, and Mr. Sharp)

GUIDED WRITING

Sentence Combination
Reference version：
All of us can change our behaviour to fit different situations. We are festive, often noisy, at weddings and birthday celebrations, sympathetic at funerals, attentive at lectures, serious and respectful at religious services. Even the clothes we wear on these different occasions may vary. Our table manners are not the same at a picnic as in a rest

aurant or at a formal dinner party. When we speak with close friends, we are free to interrupt them and we will not be offended if they interrupt us. When we speak to people higher up, however, we are inclined to hear them out before saying anything ourselves. If we don't make such adjustments, we are likely to get into trouble. We may fail to accomplish our purpose and we are almost sure to be considered illmannered or worse.
From one point of view, language is behaviour and it is part of the way we act. It builds a bridge of communication, without which society could not even exist. And like every other kind of behaviour, it must be adjusted to fit different contexts or situations where it is used. When we think of all the adjustments regularly made in any one language, we speak of language variety. When we think of the adjustments any one person makes in different situations, we use the term style.

K 44COMPREHENSIVE EXERCISES
Ⅰ Spelling
1 acceptable2 quotation3 stupendous
4 appearance5 grammarian6 valuable
7 approach8 illustrate9 debatable
10 manuscript11 provocation12 satisfactory

Ⅱ Dictation
English is almost overwhelming in the richness of its vocabulary, estimated to contain more than a million words and to be the world's largest. From this vast storehouse, users of the language can coin words to suit their needs or give new meanings to existing words in ways that seem natural and effortless. Many other features lend force and flexibility to the language.
Whatever the future may hold for English, it has proved to be eminently suitable for almost all forms of written expression as well as for everyday use. It is sure to develop and change, for such is the nature of a living language. Probably it will become increasingly informal, under the impact of mass education and the mass media. Thus the written and the spoken forms of the language will be drawn closer together, making for greater flexibility. In the view of some, English might in time become the one generally accepted international language.

Ⅲ Listening Comprehension
A (The great love I said I have for you) increases every day. When I see you the one thing I want to do is to marry you. Our last conversation made me anxious to see you again. If we were married, I know that I would find pleasure in living with you. I have a heart I want to give to you. No one is more able to care for me and be of help to me. I speak the truth. You will do me a favour if you answer this. Your letters are full of true concern for me. Goodbye! Believe me, I am still your loving friend.
B The boy used a secret code when writing to the girl. The oddnumbered lines make up the real letter, while the evennumbered lines are inserted in between every two oddnumbered lines to make the letter acceptable to the girl's father. So when the girl read the letter, she only read lines 1,3,5,7, and so on.

Ⅳ Translation
A

1 You are not likely to grasp an article on logic unless you think actively in the course of ／ while reading.
2 According to the author, one of the most effective ways to read a good book is by writing between the lines while reading.
3 He was so absorbed in one of his cloning experiments that he wasn't aware of my entering the laboratory at all.
K 454 I don't think happiness consists in obtaining what you need; I believe happiness consists in doing what you can for society.
5 Air pressure, oxygen and temperature are among the conditions indispensable to the survival of the astronauts on the moon.
6 In a certain sense, postgraduate students are also researchers.
7 He would rather set down what he has observed, important or trivial, in his notebook than commit it to his memory, because he believes in the remark that “The worst pen is better than the best memory.”
8 He was supposed to explain to the students why sharp observation and logical thinking were indispensable qualities to research work, but his talk was more confusing than clarifying.
9 According to his theory of foreign language learning, one can better learn English in a state of relaxation than in a state of concentration.
10 Planning and outlining are only a prelude to writing. Drafting, revising and editing are necessary steps required of thesis writing.
B Reference version：
The triumph of science in England can be traced back to the seventeenth century and, under the influence of science, the English language and the way it has been used has undergone many changes. Much earlier English had replaced Latin as the language of science and scholarship. The rise of scientific writing in English helped to establish a simple, plain kind of prose as dominant in modern written English. Other kinds of prose continued to exist, but a rhetorical style ceased to be the norm. The plain style is not, of course, confined to science; it is found in all kinds of expository writing. Nor, unfortunately, do all scientists write in a plain style. But scientific writing, and scientific attitudes in general, have undoubtedly played a part in the establishment of this style.

Ⅴ Blank Filling
A 1 up2 with3 by4 down
5 up6 with7 with8 up
9 away with10 out of11 without12 for
13 for14 with
B (1) part(2) often(3) this(4) valuable
(5) anyone(6) that(7) simplicity(8) common
(9) with(10) language(11) no(12) enough
(13) of(14) few(15) necessary(16) grammatically
(17) well(18) only(19) phrase(20) One
(21) French(22) with(23) thought(24) try
(25) as
K 46C (1) hardly(2) reading(3) reasonably(4) failure
(5) record(6) with(7) trying(8) certain
(9) effort(10) at(11) stops(12) print
(13) nearly(14) will(15) at(16) down
(17) without(18) experts(19) vocabulary(20) up
(21) dictionary(22) end(23) meaning(24) by
(25) become(26) out(27) large(28) does
(29) lists(30) wide
D 1 (1) in the cours

e of(2) was likely
(3) so to speak(4) owing to
(5) transferred ... to(6) no more ... than
(7) wideawake(8) was capable
(9) resuming(10) confused by
(11) you may ask(12) tend to
(13) respect for(14) consists in
2 (1) persuaded(2) demanded
(3) pick up where he left off(4) was inseparable from
(5) rich in(6) was filled with
(7) confuse ... with(8) preserved intact and unblemished
(9) clean and shiny(10) marking up
(11) an act of mutilation(12) scribbling
(13) made ... a part of(14) dogeared
(15) dilapidated(16) available
(17) argued(18) in the full sense
(19) was indispensable to(20) not ... until
(21) could(22) paid for
(23) unless

Ⅵ 1 get there in time
2 understand
3 treated as of little importance
4 become friends again
5 living within her meagre income
6 made her very angry
7 pretending
8 aroused my appetite
9 use to the greatest advantage
K 4710 inventing
11 see
12 raised his arm and looked as if he was about
13 treated as of great importance
14 decided
15 sees to it that
16 laughed at
17 does what he has to do while the time is right
18 was crucial


Unit 5

TEXT Ⅰ

Comprehension
A Answers for reference：
1 Examples of information the author gives include：
1) where secondhand touring bikes are sold,
2) where computer training by email courses are offered,
3) how to book shuttle reservations to a site in Nairobi,
4) where to get “pet moving” service,
5) where to buy industrialage nuts and bolts,
6) where to get teddy bears,
7) where to get fancy things like fourposter beds for dogs.
2 It was nearly twenty years ago that Tim BernersLee, a lowly software consultant, wrote a nifty little computer program called “Enquire Within Upon Everything.”
3 The examples the author gives are：
1) Thomas Edison was credited with the invention of the light bulb, but he had dozens of people in his lab working on it,
2) William Shockley was credited with the invention of the transistor, but it was actually two of his research scientists who built it,
3) the Internet was a thing that was made by committee.
The author gives these examples to call the reader's attention to the fact that the World Wide Web was created by Tin BernersLee alone.
4 He was interested in computer programs that could deal with information in the way human brains did, and that could even do better than human brains. He devised a kind of software that could link all kinds of information one may meet with in real life.
5 “Enquire” is shourt for the code “Enquire Within Upon Everuthing,” which means, “Whatever you want to know, just click in the request for the information.” Enquire Within Upon Everything is the name of an encyclopaedia published in Queen Victoria's time (i.e., the 19th century), which BernersLee apparently learned about in his childhood.
6 Hypertext is computer readable text in

which crossreference links have been put in, making it possible for the user to call up relevant data from other files, or from parts of the same file, by clicking on a coded word or symbol, etc.
The “hypertext” notebook BernersLee devised was a computer system by which words in a document can be linked to other files on his computer. When he followed a link by number, he could automatically pull up its related document.
7 In the first place, if he wanted to have access to the information that resided on someone else's computer, he would have to get that person's permission and then he had to add the new material to a central database of his own. But if he should open up his document and his computer to everyone, there would then be no problems in getting information from others and sending information to others. It would be convenient for him as well as others to get access to any information.
8 BernersLee devised 1) a relatively easytolearn coding system, HTML (HyperText Markup Language), which later became the lingua france of the Web, 2) URL (universal resource locator), which is an addressing scheme that gives each Web page a unique location, and 3) HTTP (HyperText Transfer Protocol), which is a set of rules that permitted documents to be linked together on computers across the Internet.
K 529 When he was a child, he was taught by his parents to think unconventionally. He played games over the breakfast table with imaginary numbers, for example, he wanted to find out the square root of minus four. He made imaginary computers out of cardboard boxes and fivehole paper tape, and he was greatly interested in electronics.
10 The creation of the World Wide Web provided BernersLee with many opportunities to get rich, but he was not for making a profit out of it. While one of BernersLee's coworkers, Marc Andreessen, who helped to write the first popular Web browser, became one of the Web's first millionaires, BernersLee went for an administrative and academic life at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. He had no interest in profitmaking, but he was content to work quietly in the background.
B Answers for reference：
1 Where high quality is not just something someone does on certain occasions, but rather something that one does regularly and that one finds it difficult to stop doing.
2 ... nowadays by using a computer equipped with a modem and pointing and clicking with a mouse, you can get information from any place in this world, and neither time, nor space, nor high longdistance phone tariffs will make it difficult for you to do so.
3 Who knew at that time that this humble software consultant would create the World Wide Web which would change our civilization, bring about millionaires, and a rich source of information.
4 Surprisingly enough, such a fact did not take place in an industrial city or town but in the Swiss Alps, which seemed to be remote from in

dustry.
5 ... that could keep myself informed about all the chance connections that one may meet with in real life, and which one's brains ought to be good enough to remember, but sometimes I would just not remember.
6 On the Internet one should be able to begin from one's own software file and move on to get a list of names of people one wishes to contact, and to get access to a phone book, and to get a chart showing an organization, and to obtain whatever information one wishes to get.
7 In 1991 the World Wide Web made its first appearance to the world, and thereafter what used to be chaotic on the computer screen began to be orderly and clear.
8 He changed a most effective communications system (i.e., the computer) which used to be only at the disposal of the select educated class into a means of communication for large numbers of common people.
K 53
TEXT Ⅱ

Comprehension
Answers for reference：
1 Just a week ago, on October 11, 1997, his wife told him the most distressing ／ upsetting ／ dreadful ／ frightening news about their little son who appeared to be healthy.
2 Mary Anne was attracted by and her attention was fixed on the words “serious heart disease from birth.”
3 The world is so rich that it just cannot let this child die without trying to do something. (This a strong message requesting help.)
4 In the following days, Yongxin's state of mind changed from hopefulness to hopelessness and vice versa by turns.
5 Mary Anne Wehland was given uncertain promises from several surgeons fo fhildren's heart diseases, who offered to treat Shaoshao free of charge.
6 Every year he went to Peru with a U.C.L.A. medical team to operate on children who were not supposed to be able to have operations, aiming at restoring the normal function of their hearts; and he had seen many of these children became well and healthy.
7 Mary Anne wanted to take a risk： she would ask the Deng family to go to Los Angeles before she tried to get money for the catheterization.
8 Yongxin phoned Mary Anne who had only been known to her through emails for many months. Now that he heard Mary Anne's voice, he, being very hopeful now, was so thankful to her that he could hardly speak.
9 The operation would be a great risk, but Dr. Laks thought he had good reasons to take the risk and prform the operation.
10 As soon as he had no trouble with his pulmonary blood pressure, Shaoshao would be able to go through the operation, which would enable his blood to flow normally thereafter.
11 On the morning of the next day, “Today,” which was a national television talk show, put on a short programme about the child.
12 ... a donor that did not give his name who, with other people who also wished Shaoshao good health, raised the money for Shaoshao's use to more than 110,000.
13 Both Yongxin and Han Dan felt uncertain during the whole of the lond day.
14 Now Yongxin and Han

Dan cried with exceedingly great happiness.
K 54
TEXT Ⅲ

1 The Nino 300. It is a palmsized personal computer.
2 It is very small, only as big as the palm of the hand.
It is very light in weight, and is penbased.
It has a builtin modem, Microsoft CE 2.0, and a voice command.
It has a bright, backlit touch screen.
The battery it uses is rechargeable.
3 1) It provides the latest news headlines.
2) Games of solitaire can be played on it.
3) It sends emails.
4) It reminds the owner of meetings, schedules, and various other things.
5) It records voice commands.
4 Philips.

GUIDED WRITING

Sentence Combination
Reference version：
One reason why the family unit is crumbling is that parents have relinguished their authority over children. The permissive school of thought says “Let the child do what he wants to when he wants to, no matter what it is, don't warp his personality, don't thwart him, otherwise you will ruin him for life”. Because of this we've got a generation of spoilt selfcentred brats with no respect for their elders. Children always push to see how much they can get away with; if you give them nothing to push against, there are no moral limits, no moral convictions will develop in the children. We have this in the schools — children have much less respect for their teachers nowadays.
Respect doesn't mean that when someone in authority says “Jump”, you jump — that's the military approach. Speaking of young people today, if they have an opinion that's different from yours, then you're the fool and they're right, even if they don't have enough experience to judge.

COMPREHENSIVE EXERCISES

Ⅰ Spelling
1 click2 specialize3 exotic4 phone tariff
5 cyberspace6 consultant7 transistor8 protocol
9 nonproprietary10 chaos11 compromise12 impact

K 55Ⅱ Dictation
A computer does not think, at least not in the most widely accepted sense of the word; it does only what it is told and it does exactly what it is told. If given faulty instructions or incorrect data, it produces faulty results. The mixups that sometimes occur are almost always the fault of the people who work with the computer, not of the computer itself. When the proper safeguards are applied even a malfunctioning computer — one with a burnedout circuit, for example — will not produce incorrect results; it will, instead, signal the operator that something is wrong. Although a computer does not think, it does make decisions. Each decision is based on a logical pattern previously stored — by man — in the computer. It makes a decision by following instructions such as “If the number you are reading is 10 or less, proceed to the next step. If it is greater than 10, skip the next step.” In making decisions, the computer uses the processes of logic. A computer can also retain information — that is, “remember” — and is thus capable of learning.

Ⅲ