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“英语”复习思考题答案

“英语”复习思考题答案
“英语”复习思考题答案

初中英语复习思考题

1.依据巴特利特和鲁梅尔哈特的观点,图式分别代表什么?

巴特利特把图式定义为围绕某一主题组织起来的知识表征和记忆贮存方式,是“各种过去反应、过去经历的动态组合体,它在任何生物反应中都起着作用。”

鲁梅尔哈特的观点,图式代表一种相互作用的知识结构,涵盖了词汇意义、复杂事件、意识形态等不同层面的知识网络,也就是指人们通过不同途径所积累的各种知识、经验等的集合。图式有序地储存在人类大脑的长期记忆中,构成一个庞大的网络

2.从鲁梅尔哈特的图式观点来看,学习过程是什么样的过程?在其图式理论柜架内有哪几种学习模式?学习过程,作为一个认知过程,既是对情境的反应,又是对记忆网络中似单元的激活,并使实际激活模式与新信息之间产生匹配、产生理解的过程。因此可以说,学习过程就是认知结构不断变化和重新组织的过程。在图式理论的框架内划分了三种主要的学习模式:1)增生(accretion);2)调适(tuning);3)重建( reconstruction)。(Rumelhart &Norman,1978:38–50;Rumelhart,1980:52 - 4)

3.基于鲁梅尔哈特的学习模式,教学过程中应该重视什么?

教学过程中应该重视的不是学生知识点的增加,而是学生的能动作用、学生认知能力的发展,因为在教学过程中,学生才是真正的主体

4.课堂教学的设计应该以什么为起点?

课堂教学要以学生的认知状况为起点。

5.课堂教学的设计要突出什么、注意什么、强调什么?

课堂教学的设计要突出学生自主建构知识的必要性,要注意新知识和学生原有图式之间的相互关联性,强调培养学生自主吸纳,构建新知识的能力。

6.课堂教学要尊重什么?

课堂教学要尊重学生的自主参与和认知特点

7.学习者主动建构的结果是什么?

新旧知识的匹配、组织和吸纳是学习者主动建构的结果,

8.知识来自于什么?

知识来自于主体和客体的结合、互动。

9.怎样才能进行有效的教学?

有效的教学在于不断根据学生的认知特点来调整教学内容,改变教学方法,重新建立促进学生建构个人理解的教学实践,帮助学生改变原有的知识图式,提升学生的认知能力。

10.设计课堂教学前必须思考哪些问题?

教师如何引导学生的认知获得过程、如何对学生的知识构建过程进行评价和调控教师如何创造有利于学生思考和探索的良好环境是设计课堂教学前必须思考的问题。

11.在教学内容的安排和教学设计上要注意什么?

在教学内容的安排上要注重各知识点之间的相互关联和融通,课堂教学的设计要有弹性要学生的思考和自主活动留出空间和时间,教师要引导学生通过对问题的反复思考,帮助学生在新的知识点和先前学过的知识之间建立联系,让学生对知识寻求深入的理解,自觉、自主地建构良好的认知结构。

12.从多种智力理论看多媒体外语教学有哪些优势?

1丰富的学习资源有助于满足不同智力学习者的要求

2灵活多样的学习方式能够促进学习者智力的全面发展

3宽松、自由的多媒体环境为学习者的智力发展创造了良好条件

13.怎样才能保证智力发展的最佳效果?

多种智力协同作用才会保证智力发展的最佳效果。

14. 多媒体教学对外语学习者有何作用?为学习者的智力发展创造了哪些条件?

多媒体教学使外语学习者可以自由选择适合自己的方法,从多个渠道刺激智力的潜能,为促进学生智力的发展起到了推动作用。

在多媒体环境下,学生的学习时间及地点受到较少限制,学习内容和方式可以自由选择,交流的方式主要是和机器打交道,因此,学习主动性大为提高。这种轻松的环境有利于学生学习效率的提高(蔡基刚,2000),同时也有益于学生智力的全面发展(Gardner,1983)。

15.多媒体外语教学的主要存在问题有哪些?

首先,多媒体外语教学过程对教师和学生的动手操作能力有强迫性的、最基本的要求。这意味着它对所有参与者的运动智力提出了统一的最低标准,对于运动智力较弱的人可能会产生压力、紧张或焦虑。

其次,发展学习者的多种智力,需要及时、适当地对学习者给予鼓励,但是在多媒体环境下,教师的作用主要是参与课程设计、实施课程管理、提供必要的技术或知识上的支持、检查学习效果等,传统教师的作用被弱化了。

再次,多媒体教学环境本身存在着一定的局限性。为发展学生的运动智力,传统课堂中,外语教师可以尝试哑剧、角色演习、戏剧等教学方法帮助学生利用身势语、体态手势去表达思想或弥补语言表达能力的欠缺。

16.Goodman认为阅读是怎样的心理过程?

Goodman认为:阅读是一种极其复杂的心理语言活动,是作者、语言信息和读者三方面共同作用的结果。

17. 阅读注意力是什么样的心理因素?

阅读注意力在整个心理过程中从始至终都起着组织和维持的作用,是在阅读认知过程中具有调控作用的心理因素。

18. 对阅读过程起着定向与动力作用的是什么?

阅读兴趣不仅对阅读过程起着定向与动力作用,而且是产生阅读动机的重要主观原因

19. 读者对阅读材料的理解依赖于什么?

读者对阅读材料的理解依赖于概念能力、处理策略和“已知知识、旧有的知识”的相互作用。

20.阅读认知心理由什么组成?

阅读的心理要素分为智力因素和非智力因素。

阅读注意、阅读记忆、阅读思维、阅读想象、阅读联想等基本心理活动组成了阅读认知心理。

21. 英语阅读教学中的语言方面和非语言方面分别指什么?

语言方面主要指语言知识水平,在教学中指词汇、习惯用语、语法及篇章知识等;非语言方面主要指与文章内容有关的背景知识、阅读技能和策略等。

22.发展阅读理解的根本途径是什么?

心理语言学家认为阅读策略不仅可以提高学生的阅读理解能力,而且还能弥补他们语言知识的不足,如:预测、联想策略可以帮助阅读者发展逻辑思维并锻炼智力猜想(intelligent),它是发展阅读理解的根本途径。

23. 阅读活动中最活跃、最直接、起支配作用的心理因素是什么?

阅读动机是阅读活动中最活跃、最直接、起支配作用的心理因素

24. 外语阅读元认知策略包括哪些?

元认知策略包括:阅读前策略(预读、预测、联想);阅读中策略(自我提问、自我监控);阅读后策略(自我评价、自我反应)。

25. 新课程下的英语科中、高考在考查知识时主要是考查什么?

目前已经基本上形成以考查能力为主的命题指导思想,单纯考查知识的试题越来越少(占很少的比例)。

26. 新课程下应该怎样讲授语法?

新课程不主张淡化语法,只是提出不要过于强调单纯传授语法知识的做法,不要脱离语境讲授和记忆语法规则。教师不要脱离语境去讲授语法,学生不要脱离语境去学习语法,这是新课程所倡导的一种理念。27. 系统的语法知识与以考查能力为主的考试之间有无必然相关关系?

英语新课程很重视语言知识,只是注意的方式不同。没有证据表明系统的语法知识与以考查能力为主的考试之间有必然相关关系。也就是说,如果将来学生参加的考试是以考查能力为主的话,与学生系统的学习语法没有必然的关系。

28. 为什么考试不需要直接考查学生对语法知识的掌握情况?

考试是抽样的,不能也不需要面面俱到。所谓考什么就教什么,不考就不教的做法是错误的。不考语法不

等于不需要学习语法。学习语法、词汇是为了形成语言运用能力,中、高考主要考查学习的最终结果。如果学生在考试中表现出较高的语言运用能力,就说明掌握基本的语法和词汇知识。因此,考试不需要直接考查学生对语法知识的掌握情况。

也有相反的说法,虽然考试不考语法,但语法是基础,是听力理解、阅读理解的基础,所以还是要重视语法。如何看待这种说法呢?听、说、读、写等语言技能确实要以一定的语法知识为基础,但是只有语法知识是不能形成这些能力的;如果把大部分时间花在语法上,肯定不能形成听、说、读、写的能力。所以,不能夸大语法知识的作用,在教学中也不能一味强调语法教学的作用。

29. 对于知识与能力的训练,平时练习与中、高考有何区别?

1. 总体来讲,中高考主要以考查能力为主。一个重要的证据之一就是,考试主要考查听力、阅读和写作能力。这三部分显然是能力,所以说,至少从考查的内容来看,中考主要考查能力。虽然有时由于命题技术方面的原因和材料选择方面的问题,还有一小部分考查知识的试题,但这种试题将越来越少。

2. 即使是考查知识,也是考查知识的运用,而不是单纯的考查语言形式。我们平时的练习题与中、高考题是有本质区别的。不能只看表面的现象,要看本质的区别。

3. 部分省市的中、高考题将进一步改革,有的地区计划试题只有听力、阅读、写作三部分;适当的时候还要进行口语。这样就可以逐步过渡到以考查能力为主的考试体系。一些国外的试题也是这样。所以,从这个角度来讲,现在的中高考已经不是以考查知识为主了。

30. 听力理解和口头表达的基础是什么?

语音是听力理解和口头表达的基础;

31. 为什么没有必要单独检测微观语音能力?

语音基础差的学生听力一般比较差;较好的听说能力的背后肯定有较好的语音知识和语音能力。如果学生在听力和口语考试中有很好的表现,就说明他们已经具备了较好的语音能力,因而没有必要单独检测微观语音能力

32. 课堂上为什么要开展听说活动或互动活动?

一方面,多数地区的中高考含有听力部分,不考听力的地区越来越少;有些地区的中考已经包括口试,而且记入总分,这在很多程度上促进了学生的英语学习,将来的高考也可能进行口试。另一方面,课堂上的听说活动不完全是为了练习听说能力;听说活动是与读写活动不同的学习渠道,是获得语言知识和其他方面知识的重要过程。

33. 课文的主要功能是什么?

课文的首要功能不是作为知识的载体,课文首先是用来阅读的;阅读的目的主要是培养阅读能力,其次是提供语言输入和文化输入;没有必要详细讲解课文中的语言点。

34. 为什么考试不能与教材挂钩?

中高考命题时,如果要求考试内容与教材挂钩是不合理的。终结性外语水平考试一般不应该与某种教材内容直接挂钩。在教育部下发的《中考命题指导》(2005年江苏教育出版社出版)里明确指出,考试内容不能直接与教材挂钩,既不能以一套教材为蓝本,更不能多套教材兼顾。所以说,考试是不能与教材挂钩的。教育部明确规定,各省初高中教材至少有三套。教材的权威性不取决于它是否与考试挂钩。

35. 语言学习的主要途径是什么?

阅读是语言学习的主要途径。

36. 老师应该为学生选择什么样的阅读材料?

在阅读教学中,老师给学生的阅读材料的内容应该尽量广泛,能够让学生感兴趣,而不应该局限于带选择题的阅读练习材料。

37. 为什么说大量做习题对提高考试成绩并没有明显的作用?

种类繁杂的练习题质量没有保证,各类练习题多围绕知识点设计,而不是考查学生的实际语言运用能力。大量地做模拟题,而不注重平时的积累,其结果只能是事倍功半。可以这么说,大量地做练习题和模拟考试题对提高考试成绩并没有明显的作用。

38. 考试前应怎样应试?

39. 什么是中考与高考备考的有效途径?

40. 平时检测与中、高考有何区别?

总体来讲,中高考主要以考查能力为主。虽然有时由于命题技术方面的原因和材料选择方面的问题,还有一小部分考查知识的试题,即使是考查知识,也是考查知识的运用,而不是单纯的考查语言形式。我们平时的练习题与中、高考题是有本质区别的。

41. 从教育学的角度,高效课堂必须具备哪些特性?

如果从教育学的角度,高效课堂必须具备三大特性:主动性、生动性、生成性。

42. 如何从教育目标上解读高效课堂?

从教育目标上解读,高效课堂是把新课改的三维目标加以实化的,即实现从知识到兴趣、再到能力、抵达智慧的飞跃,简单地说,是立足于“学会、会学、乐学、创学”,高效课堂是在追求“四维目标”,实现更高层次的教育,即超越原有的知识与技能、过程与方法、态度情感价值感,而上升到通达智慧的层面。43. 高效课堂有哪些主要内涵?

真正高效课堂的内涵十分丰富。高效课堂把“自主、合作、探究”当成课改的“六字真言”加以行动阐述并加以发展,在课堂环节上“落地”为“预习、展示、反馈”,在学习方式上转化为“独学、对学、群学”。

44. 什么是高效课堂的灵魂?

高效课堂的灵魂是“相信学生、解放学生、利用学生、发展学生”

45. 什么是高效课堂的核心?

高效课堂的核心是“学习能力”。

46. 从高效课堂的理念来看,什么是“学习”?

答:从培养学生的学习能力出发,锻炼学生的“一传”—让学生动起来,和知识直接对话。这个对话的过程就是“学习”。学习即失败、反馈、矫正,学习即创造、成长、收获。

47. 怎样才能生成学生的终身发展能力?

答:唯有致力于对学生的学习能力的培养,才能生成学生的终身发展能力。

48. “高效课堂教育“有哪些系统?

答:“高效课堂教育”有三大系统,即:文化系统,评价系统和课堂教学系统。

49. 课堂的深处是什么?

答:课堂的深处是文化。

50. 文化应致力于研究什么?

答:文化应致力于研究如何发挥和张扬学生主体。

51. 教育要展示和张扬什么?

答:教育要展示和张扬学生的个性和进步。

52. 评价的目的是什么?

答:评价的目的是改进、完善、激励和提升。

53. 评价必须从何入手?

答:评价必须从“学生”和“学”入手。

54. 高效课堂有哪三看、哪三效?

答:“三看”即:自主程度、合作效果和探究深度;“三效”即:效率,效益和效能。

55. 高效课堂的评价以什么为主、什么为辅?

答:高效课堂的评价以团队评价为主、个体评价为辅。

56. 高效课堂的评价有哪“六字真言”?

自主、合作、探究

57. 导学案的主要功能是什么?

会学和能学

58. 导学案必须做到什么?

导学案必须能够生成能力,而前提是它首先要让知识之间具有必要的联系,要呈现出“四化”,即知识问

题化,问题层次化,层次梯度化,梯度渐进化,

59. 什么是导学案的核心?

“三学”,即学生、学情、学法

60. 怎样理解“导学案”?

导学案重在“导”,核心是“学”,而案是基于“三学”的设计。

61. 高效课堂的抓手是什么?

小组学习

62. 什么是预习之后的展示?

展示即“发表、暴露、提升”

63. 教师在课堂应围绕什么进行主导?

教师要围绕课上“四主”来主导,即学案主导、学习主动、问题主线、活动主轴。

64. 教师怎样才能激发学生的自主性、主动性和创造性?

教师唯有尊重学生的认知方式,让学生在“做中学”,拓展、挖掘、思考、感悟,才能激发其自主性、主动性和创造性

65. 高效课堂怎样看待“活”和“动”?

高效课堂认为“不活不动”,活和动是孪生关系,动起来才能活起来,活起来效果才能好起来

66. 教师在课堂应该怎样讲?

不是不准讲,而要看讲是否服务于学,是灌输还是启发,是教导还是诱导,是告知结论还是梳理思路。当然初期可以精讲,但建议尽量少讲,好教师一般能“不教而教”。

67. 高效课堂测评的目的是什么?

测评既是考察不同层次学生的知识掌握情况,更是寻找和查看学生能力的生长点,对学习情感和精神成长做出验收。

68.英语课程应通过评价使学生和教师分别得到什么?

通过评价使学生在英语学习过程中不断体验进步与成功、认识自我、建立自信,调准学习策略促进学生综合语言运用能力的全面发展。评价应能使教师获得英语教学的反馈信息,对自己的教学行为和进行反思和调整,不断提高教育教学水平。

69. 怎样的评价才是积极有效的评价?

积极有效的评价应贯穿英语教学的全过程,应是形成性评价与终结性评价的有机结合。

70. 以分数、结果来判断学生优劣的做法存在哪些弊端?

这样培养出来的学生往往是高分低能,同时还限制了学生在其他多方面的发展,不利于教育目标的实施,阻碍了学生自主发现问题、解决问题能力的提高及合作精神的形成

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过程性,终结性,

73. 过程性评价的主要任务和目的有哪些?

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74. 终结性评价对笔试有什么要求?

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75. 英语模块学业成绩评价的方式有哪些?

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75. 英语模块学业成绩评价的方式有哪些?(过程性评价,终结性评价和模块学分)

76. 过程性评价主张进行哪三位一体的评价?(学习动机、过程和效果的三位一体的评价)

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78. 过程性评价主要以什么方式进行?

课堂活动评比,建立学习档案,、问卷调查,课堂日志,评价量表,访谈等)

79. 过程性评价工具有哪些?

过程性评价表,学生的习作,参与课外活动的成绩,自我反思日记等

80. 自我评价和教师评价分别要做些什么?

自我评价要求对一个阶段进行全面的评价,包括综合评价和自我陈述;

教师评价是对自我评价和小组评价做出客观公正可靠性的监控)

81. 基于模块的英语过程性评价怎样进行为宜?

明确评价目标确定评价内容选择评价工具确定评价主体实施评价

82. 无论采取何种方式,评价必须具有哪些特性?

科学性客观性和权威性

83. 应该怎样体现英语测试目标?

学生的听说读写等语言知识的掌握和语言技能的运用能力

84. 终结性评价的检测方式和试题设计要以什么为基准点和检测点?

语音和语意

85. 在把终结性评价与过程性评价结合起来时要关心什么?

既关心学生的学习过程又重视学习结果

86. 定性评价相对来说有什么长处和短处?

定性评价相对来说权威性高,但难免有主观性、片面性和局限性。

87.怎样才样可以使评价结果具有科学性、客观性和权威性?

将定性评价与定量评价结合起来,发挥优势互补的优点。

88.教师应该如何对待学生在学习过程中出现的错误?

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第一部分:语言知识及应用(共三节,满分60分) 第一节单项选择(共15小题;每小题1分,满分15分) 从A,B,C,D四个选项中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 1. When first to the market, these products enjoy great success. A. introducing B. introduced C. introduce D. being introduced 2. It was on Christmas eve ________ he paid a visit to his former English teacher. A. that B. when C. on which D. which 3. We the cake ten parts, and each of us took one share. A. divided; from B. separated; from C. divided; into D. separated; by 4. I try to avoid him because he always bores me. A. to meet B. have met C. having met D. meeting 5. —The window is dirty. —I know. It _____ for weeks. A. hasn’t cleaned B. didn’t clean C. wasn’t cleaned D. hasn’t been cleaned 6. He put on his coat and for the door. A. went B. headed C. marched D. hiked 7. —Mom, I can’t see any point in working hard at all the subjects at school. — Come on, . Years of hard work will surely in the future of your career. A. pay back B. pay off C. pay down D. pay for 8. Last week, only two people came to look at the house, _____ wanted to buy it. A. none of them B. both of them C. none of whom D. neither of whom 9. The manager of the company told us that very little ______ was made of the waste mateiral in the past. A. cost B. value C. use D. matter 10. Better wear special clothing, a helmet and a life jacket, just _____ your boat gets upside down or even sinks. A. in case B. so that C. as though D. in order that 11. Smoking, which may be ___ pleasure for some people, is ___ serious source of discomfort for others.

2019年自考英语二历年试题(真题)及答案

2019年10月髙等教育自学考试全国统一命题考试 英语(二)试卷(课程代码:00015) 本试卷共8页,满分100分,考试时间150分钟。 考生答卷前必须将自己的姓名和准考证号写在答题卡上。 必须在答题卡上答题,写在试卷上的答案无效。 第一部分:阅读判断(第1?10题,每题1分,共10分) 下面的短文后列出了10个句子,请根据短文的内容对每个句子作出判断:如果该句提供的是正确信息,选择A;如果该句提供的是错误信息,选择B;如果该句的信息文中没有提及,选择C。在答题卡相应位置上将答案选项涂黑。 To Lease(租赁) or Not to Lease Planning to lease a car because you don't think you can afford to buy? Think again. Leasing can end up being just as expensive as buying. Most people think about leasing because they believe it will cost them less money. They're right-it is cheaper, but only in the short term. For example, if you were to lease anew Subaru Forester, you might pay $300 per month for the car. If you were to buy the same car, you would pay about $400 per month. Over a three-year, you would save $3600-a big savings. But after your lease is over, you have to give the car back. Many people want to lease because they can drive a more expensive car than they might otherwise be able to afford. For example, if you spend $300 monthly on a car, you might be able to lease a new Ford Explorer. For the same price, you might have to buy a used Explorer, or buy a new but much less expensive model. A lease,therefore,allows you to drive the latest models of more expensive cars. However, whatever car you can afford to buy you get to keep it, and it will always have a resell or trade-in(以新旧换)value if you want to upgrade to a new car later. Furthermore, people who lease cars are often shocked by how much they must pay when the lease is over . Most leases limit you to a certain number of miles. If you go over that, you must pay for each mile. As a result, you may end up paying thousands of dollars in mileage(里程) fees. In addition, when you lease ,you have to pay for regular maintenance and repairs to the vehicle. Since you must return the car finally, you are paying to repair someone else's car.

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