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(完整版)高中英语句子成分和句子类型讲解及配套练习(讲课用)

(完整版)高中英语句子成分和句子类型讲解及配套练习(讲课用)
(完整版)高中英语句子成分和句子类型讲解及配套练习(讲课用)

句子成分

(一)句子成分的定义:构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分;主要成分有主语和谓语;次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语。

(二)主语:主语是一个句子所叙述的主体,一般位于句首。但在there be结构、疑问句(当主语不是疑问词时)和倒装句中,主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。例如:During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular.(名词)

We often speak English in class.(代词)

One-third of the students in this class are girls.(数词)

To swim in the river is a great pleasure.(不定式)

Smoking does harm to the health.(动名词)

The rich should help the poor.(名词化的形容词)

When we are going to have an English test has not been decided.(主语从句)

It is necessary to master a foreign language.(it作形式主语,真正的主语为后面的不定式)

(三)谓语:谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。动词在句中作谓语,一般放在主语之后。谓语的构成如下:

1、简单谓语:由一个动词或动词短语构成。

如:He practices running every morning.

2、复合谓语:(1)由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。如:You may keep the book for two weeks. He has caught a bad cold. (2)由系动词加表语构成。如:We are students.

(四)表语:表语用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态,它一般位于系动词(如be, become, get, look, grow, turn, seem等)之后。表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式、动名词、介词短语、副词及表语从句表示。例如:

Our teacher of English is an American.(名词)

Is it yours?(代词)

The weather has turned cold.(形容词)

The speech is exciting.(分词)

Three times seven is twenty one?(数词)

His job is to teach English.(不定式)

His hobby(爱好)is playing football.(动名词)

The machine must be out of order.(介词短语)

Time is up. The class is over.(副词)

The truth is that he has never been abroad.(表语从句)

(五)宾语:宾语表示动作的对象或承受者,一般位于及物动词和介词后面。例如:

They went to see an exhibition(展览)yesterday.(名词)

The heavy rain prevented me from coming to school on time.(代词)

How many dictionaries do you have? I have five.(数词)

They helped the old with their housework yesterday.(名词化形容词)

He pretended not to see me.(不定式短语)

I enjoy listening to popular music.(动名词短语)

I think(that)he is fit for his office.(宾语从句)

宾语种类:

(1)双宾语(间接宾语+直接宾语).

例如:Lend me your dictionary, please.

(2)复合宾语(宾语+宾补).

例如:They elected him their monitor.

(六)宾语补足语:英语中有些及物动词,除有一个直接宾语以外,还要有一个宾语补足语,才能使句子的意义完整。带有宾语补足语的一般句型为:某些及物动词(如make等+宾语+宾补)。宾补可由名词、形容词、副词、不定式、分词、介词短语和从句充当。例如:His father named him Dongming.(名词)

They painted their boat white.(形容词)

Let the fresh air in.(副词)

You mustn’t force him to lend his money to you.(不定式短语)

We saw her entering the room.(现在分词)

We found everything in the lab in good order.(介词短语)

We will soon make our city what your city is now.(从句)

(七)定语:修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语。定语可由以下等成分表示:

Guilin is a beautiful city.(形容词)

China is a developing country; America is a developed country.(分词) There are thirty women teachers is our school.(名词)

His rapid progress in English made us surprised.(代词)

Our monitor is always the first to enter the classroom.(不定式短语) The teaching plan for next term has been worked out.(动名词)

He is reading an article about how to learn English.(介词短语)(八)状语:修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子,说明动作或状态特征的句子成分,叫做状语。可由以下形式表示:

Light travels most quickly.(副词及副词性词组)

He has lived in the city for ten years.(介词短语)

He is proud to have passed the national college entrance examination.(不定式短语)

He is in the room making a model plane.(分词短语)

Wait a minute.(名词)

Once you begin, you must continue.(状语从句)

状语种类如下:

How about meeting again at six?(时间状语)

Last night she didn’t go to the dance party because of the rain.(原因状语)

I shall go there if it doesn’t rain.(条件状语)

Mr Smith lives on the third floor.(地点状语)

She put the eggs into the basket with great care.(方式状语)

She came in with a dictionary in her hand.(伴随状语)

In order to catch up with the others, I must work harder.(目的状语) He was so tired that he fell asleep immediately.(结果状语)

She works very hard though she is old.(让步状语)

I am taller than he is.(比较状语)

简单句、并列句和复合句

(一)句子种类两种分类法

1、按句子的用途可分四种:

1)陈述句(肯定、否定):He is six years old; She didn’t hear of you before.

2)疑问句(一般、特殊、选择、反意):Do they like skating? How old is he? Is he six or seven years old? Mary can swim, can’t she?

3)祈使句:Be careful, boys; Don’t talk in class

4)感叹句:How clever the boy is!

2、按句子的结构可分三种:

1)简单句:只有一个主语(或并列主语)和一个谓语(或并列谓语)。

例如:l. He often reads English in the morning.

Tom and Mike are American boys.

She likes drawing and often draws pictures for the wall newspapers.

2) 并列句:由并列连词(and, but, or等)或分号(;)把两个或两个以上的简单句连在一起构成。

例如:You help him and he helps you. The future is bright; the road is tortuous. 前途是光明的,道路是曲折的。

3)复合句:含有一个或一个以上从句的句子。复合句包含:名词性从句(主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句)、定语从句和状语从句等。

例如:The foreign visitors took a lot of pictures when they were at the Great Wall.

(二)简单句的五种基本句型

1、主语+系动词+表语:e. g. He is a student.

2、主语+不及物动词:e. g. We work.

3、主语+及物动词+宾语:e. g. Henry bought a dictionary.

4、主语+及物动词+双宾语(间接宾语+直接宾语):e. g. My father bought me a car.

5、主语+及物动词+复合宾语(宾语+宾补):e. g. Tom made the baby laugh.

注:其他各种句子都可由这一种基本句型扩展、变化或省略而构成。

●主语---系动词----表语:

在这一句型中,动词是系动词,划线部分为表语。

1. Mr. Brown is an engineer. (名词作表语)

2. Gradually he became silent. (形容词作表语)

3. She remained standing for a hour. (现在分词作表语)

4. The question remained unsolved. (过去分词作表语)

5. The machine is out of order. (介词短语作表语)

6. The television was on. (副词作表语)

7. His plan is to keep the affair secret. (动词不定式作表语)

8. My job is repairing cars. (动名词作表语)

9. The question is what you want to do. (从句作表语,即:表语从句)

注意:在下面的句子中,形容词作表语,在表语的后面常常接不定式结构。

I’m happy to meet you.

They are willing to help.

We are determined to follow his example.

●主语———动词:

在这一句型中,动词为不及物动词及不及物的动词词组。在有的句子中,不及物动词可以有状语修饰。

1. The sun is rising.

2. I’ll try.

3. Did you sleep well?(well做状语,修饰不及物动词sleep)

4. The engine broke down.

注意:在此句型中,有少数不及物动词表达被动含义,表达主语本身所具有的特性,不用被动语态。

1. The book sells well.

2. The window won’t shut.

3. The pen writes smoothly.

4. Cheese cuts easily.

●主语———动词———宾语:

在此句型中,动词为及物动词,划线部分为宾语。

1. Do you know these people (them)?(名词或代词作宾语)

2. I can’t express myself in English. (反身代词作宾语)

3. He smiled a strange smile. (同源宾语)

4. We can’t afford to pay such a price. (不定式作宾语)

5. Would you mind waiting a few minutes?(动名词作宾语)

6. I hope that I have said nothing to pain you. (从句作宾语,即:宾语从句)

注意:并不是所有的及物动词都可以接上述各种情况作宾语,不同的动词有不同的用法,所以,在学习动词时,一定要掌握其用法。

●主语———动词———宾语———宾语:

在此句型中,动词可以称作双宾语动词,在英语中,这样的动词并不多,在学习中遇到时,要牢记。后面的宾语为间接宾语和直接宾语,其中,间接宾语在前,一般表人,直接宾语在后,一般表物。这类句型有三种情况。

第一种情况,间接宾语可以改为由to引导的短语。

1. He handed me a letter. →He handed a letter to me.

2. She gave me her telephone number.

→She gave her telephone number to me.

第二种情况,间接宾语可以改为由for引导的短语。

3. She sang us a folk song. →She sang a folk for us.

4. She cooked us a delicious meal.

→She cooked a delicious meal for us.

第三种情况,直接宾语可以由宾语从句充当。

5. Tell him I’m out.

6. Can you inform me where Miss Green lives?

●主语———动词———宾语———宾语补足语:

在此句型中的动词,叫做可以跟复合宾语的动词,在英语中,这样的动词也不多。后面的宾语补足语是说明宾语的情况的,宾语和宾语补足语一起被称作复合宾语。这个句式是英语中比较复杂的一个句式,因为复合宾语的构成内容较多。下面句子中划线部分为宾语补足语。

1. He found his new job boring. (形容词作宾补)

2. The called their daughter Mary. (名词作宾补)

3. This placed her in a very difficult position. (介词短语作宾补)

4. We went to here house but found her out. (副词作宾补)

5. What do you advise me to do?(不定式作宾补)

6. We thought him to be an honest man. (to be作宾补)

7. He believed them to have discussed the problem. (不定式的完成式作宾补)

8. He believed her to be telling the truth. (不定式的进行式作宾补)

9. Did you notice him come in?(不带to的不定式作宾补)

10. I saw her chatting with Nancy. (现在分词作宾补)

11. He watched the piano carried upstairs. (过去分词作宾补)

注意:在这个结构中,可以出现用it作形式上的宾语,把真正的宾语放在宾语补足语的后面。在此结构中,宾语常常是动词不定式或宾语从句。

1. He felt it his duty to mention this to her.

分析:it是形式宾语,his duty是宾语补足语,to mention this to her 是真正的宾语。

2. I think it best that you should stay with us.

分析:it是形式宾语,best是宾语补足语,that you should stay with us是真正的宾语。

3. there be句型是一种特殊的句子,真正的主语在后面,含义为“有……”

①谓语动词和主语保持一致:There is a television in the sitting room.

②有两个或更多的主语时,动词一般和最近的一个保持一致:

There are two girls and a boy dancing in the hall.

③主语的后面有时有修饰语:There are a lot of difficulties facing

us. There were many things to be done(此处也可以使用to do).

④谓语动词be可以有时态的变化:There will be a concert in the

park tonight. There was little change in him.

⑤谓语也可以有不定式构成的复合谓语。

There used to be a cinema here.

There seems to be something the matter with her.

Is there going to be any activity tonight?

⑥there be句式变疑问句,把be提前;变反意疑问句也要借助there。

Is there any hope of getting the job?

There is nothing wrong with your watch,is there?

⑦there be句型中也可以使用诸如:live,follow,come,stand,sit,exist等不及物动词:

Once upon a time,there lived a fisherman on the island.

There came a knock at the door.

At the top of the hill there stands an old temple.

⑧用于非谓语的情况下,有时用不定式的复合结构there to be或动名词的复合结构和独立主格结构there being:

You wouldn’t want there to be another war. (不定式的复合结构)

The teacher was satisfied with there being no mistakes in his homework. (动名词的复合结构)

There being nothing else to do,we went home. (独立主格结构)

(三)并列句的分类

并列句基本概念:

并列复合句是由两个或两个以上并列而又独立的简单句构成。两个简单句常由并列连接词连在一起;但有时不用连接词,只在两个简单句之间用一逗号或分号。

1、表示连接两个同等概念,常用and, not only…but also…, neither…nor…, then等连接。e. g. The teacher’s name is Smith, and the student’s name is John.

2、表示选择,常用的连词有or, either…or…, otherwise等。e. g. Hurry up, or you’ll miss the t rain.

3、表示转折,常用的连词有but, still, however, yet, while, when等。

e. g. He was a little man with thick glasses, but he had a strange way of making his classes lively and interesting.

4、表示因果关系,常用的连词有so, for, therefore等。e. g. August is the time of the year for rice harvest, so every day I work from dawn until dark.

主从复合句:

1、概念:主从复合句由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成。主句为句子的主体,从句只用作句子的一个次要成分,不能独立成为一个句子。从句通常由关联词引导,并由关联词将从句和主句联系在一起。

2、分类:从句按其在复合句中的作用,分为主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语、定语从句和状语从句等。

练习

一、指出下列句子划线部分是什么句子成分:

2. He handed me the newspaper.

3. I shall answer your question after class.

4. What a beautiful Chinese painting!

6. His job is to train swimmers.

7. He took many photos of the palaces in Beijing.

8. There is going to be an American film tonight.

10. His wish is to become a scientist.

11. He managed to finish the work in time.

12. Tom came to ask me for advice.

13. He found it important to master English.

15. To be honest; your pronunciation is not so good.

17. He sat there, reading a newspaper.

18. It is our duty to keep our classroom clean and tidy.

19. He noticed a man enter the room.

20. The apples tasted sweet.

判断下列句子是简单句、并列句还是复合句:

1. We often study Chinese history on Friday afternoon.

2. The boy who offered me his seat is called Tom.

5. He is in Class One and I am in Class Two.

6. He was fond of drawing when he was yet a child.

7. Neither has he changed his mind, nor will he do so.

8. What he said at the meeting is very important, isn’t it?

9. The farmer is showing the boy how to plant a tree.

10. Both Tom and Jack enjoy country music.

高中英语句子成分超级大汇总

高中英语句子成分超级大汇总 高中英语句子成分超级大汇总 英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成五种基本句型及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装。掌握这五种基本句型,是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础。 英语五种基本句型列式如下: 一:S V (主+谓) 二:S V P (主+系+表) 三:S V O (主+谓+宾) 四:S V o O (主+谓+间宾+直宾) 五:S V O C (主+谓+宾+宾补) 基本句型一:S V(主+谓) 主语:可以作主语的成分有名词(如boy),主格代词(如you),动词不定式,动名词等。主语一般在句首。注意名词单数形式常和冠词不分家! 谓语:谓语由动词构成,是英语时态、语态变化的主角,一般在主语之后。不及物动词(vi.)没有宾语,形成主谓结构,如:We come. 此句型的句子有一个共同特点,即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做不及物动词,后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。 S │V (不及物动词) 1. The sun │was shining.太阳在照耀着。 2. The moon │rose. 月亮升起了。 3. The universe │remains. 宇宙长存。 4. We all │breathe, eat, and drink. 我们大家都呼吸、吃和喝。

5. Who │cares? 管它呢? 6. What he said │does not matter. 他所讲的没有什么关系。 7. They │talked for half an hour. 他们谈了半个小时。 8. The pen │writes smoothly 这支笔书写流利。 基本句型二:S V P(主+系+表) 此句型的句子有一个共同的特点:句子谓语动词都不能表达一个完整的意思,必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语,才能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做连系动词。系动词分两类:be, look, keep, seem等属一类,表示情况;get, grow, become, turn等属另一类,表示变化。be 本身没有什么意义,只起连系主语和表语的作用。其它系动词仍保持其部分词义。感官动词多可用作联系动词:look well/面色好,sound nice/听起来不错,feel good/感觉好,smell bad/难闻 S │V(是系动词)│P 1. This │is │an English-Chinese dictionary.这是本英汉辞典。 2. The dinner │smells │good. 午餐的气味很好。 3. He │fell │in love. 他堕入了情网。 4. Everything │looks │different. 一切看来都不同了。 5. He │is growing │tall and strong. 他长得又高又壮 6. The trouble│is │that they are short of money. 麻烦的是他们缺少钱。 7. Our well │has gone │dry. 我们井干枯了。 8. His face │turned │red. 他的脸红了。

高中英语句子成分分析讲解即时练习巩固

第1讲句子成分 英语的句子成分主要有六种:即主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语和补语。(可以熟记为:主谓宾,定状补) 除了这六种主要成分之外,还有“表语”和“同位语”的说法。但表语和系动词一起作谓语,因此划分成分时,划分在谓语上。同位语分为主语同位语和宾语同位语,属于主语或宾语的一部分。 考点1.划分句子成分时的常用符号 英语中划句子成分的符号 主语在下面划一直线 谓语在下面划曲线 宾语在下面划双横线 定语在下面划虚线(一行点使我们想到一 排钉子,“钉”谐音为“定语” 的“定”) 状语下面为短横线(短横线使我们想到短 木桩,木桩撞(状)钟) 补语上一短横,下一短横(下一短横好像是 为了弥补上面短横间的空隙) 同位语上下双曲线,(虽都有曲折,上下位置 基本相同 考点2.主语 主语是一个句子所叙述的主体,一般位于句首,通常由名词性的词来充当。 可以作主语的词性或语法结构: 1.名词 2.代词 3.数词 4.名词化的形容词(如the rich) 5.不定式 6.动名词 7.主语从句等表示。 练习1.在下面句子的主语下面划横线,并说出由什么充当 1.During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular. 2.We often speak English in class. 3.One-third of the students in this class are girls. 4.To swim in the river is a great pleasure. 5.Smoking does harm to the health. 6.The rich should help the poor. 7.When we are going to have an English test has not been decided. 8.It is necessary to master a foreign language. 9.That he isn’t at home is not true 练习2.改正下列句中的错误,并说明原因 1.He failed the exam is the reason why he dropped out. 2.That why he was late for school was that his mother was ill. 3.Beyond the mountains lie a small village. 4.Gone is the days when I had to go to school on foot. 5.Play basketball is my favorite sport. 6.Give up English is not an option. 考点3.谓语 谓语由动词充当,说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。谓语的构成如下: 1、简单谓语:由一个动词或动词短语构成。如: He practices running every morning. He reads newspapers every day. 2、复合谓语: (1)由情态动词或其他助动词加动词构成。如:You may keep the book for two weeks. He has caugh t a bad cold. My sister is crying over there. I have been waiting for you all the time. I would stay at home all day. (2)由系动词加表语构成。系动词不能单独作谓语,要和表语一起作谓语。如: We are students. Your idea sounds great. 考点4.表语 表语多是形容词,用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态,它一般位于系动词(如be, become, get, look, grow, turn, seem等)之后。表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式、动名词、介词短语、副词及表语从句表示。 练习3.划出下列句中的表语,并说明有什么充当。 1.Our teacher of English is an American. 2.Is it yours? 3.The weather has turned cold.

英语句子成分分析学案

句子成分及结构 一句子成分 现代汉语里一般的句子成分有六种,即主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语和补语。英语的基本成分有七种:除主语(subject)、谓语(predicate)、、宾语(object)、定语(attribute)、状语(adverbial) 和补语(complement)之外还有表语(predicative)(同位语)。 1.主语 主语是一个句子所叙述的主体,一般位于句首,通常由名词性的词来充当。 练习1. 在下面句子的主语下面划横线 1.During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular. 2.We often speak English in class. 3.One-third of the students in this class are girls. 4.T o swim in the river is a great pleasure. 5.Smoking does harm to the health. 6.The rich should help the poor. 7.When we are going to have an English test has not been decided. 8.It is necessary to master a foreign language. 9.That he isn’t at home is not true 练习2. 改错 1)Do exercise everyday is good for your health. 2)All what he said isn’t true. 3)He came late made his teacher angry. 4)On the desk is two books. 2.谓语: 谓语由动词充当,说明主语所作的动作或具有的特征和状态。谓语的构成如下:1、简单谓语: He practices running every morning. He reads newspapers every day. 2 You may keep the book for two weeks. He has caught a bad cold. My sister is crying over there. I have been waiting for you all the time. I would stay at home all day. 考点1.在一般现在时中要注意动词第三人称单数 当主语是复数时(不止一个人),后面用动词原形。 当主语是一个人,并且不是I 和you,谓语要用第三人称单数,也就是在后面加-s,-es 1.We/You(你们)/They ____(go) to school every day. 2.T om and Mike ____(go) to school every day.

高中英语句子成分划分详解(全)

Grammar of Unit 1 Different parts of a sentence 概念 句子是由词按照一定的语法结构组成的。组成句子的各个部分叫做句子的成分。句子的成分包括:主语、谓语、表语、宾语(直接和间接宾语)、宾语补足语、定语和状语。主语和谓语是句子的主体部分(在英语中,一般句子必须有主语和谓语),表语、宾语和宾语的补足语是谓语里的组成部分。其他成份如定语和状语是句子的次要成分。 ▲句子成分分类 1.主语 主语是谓语讲述的对象,表示所说的“是什么”或“是谁”。一般由名词、代词、不定代词或相当于名词的单词或短语来充当,也有从句充当的现象。大多数主语都在句首。如: 讲述“谁”We work in a big factory. 讲述“什么”The classroom is very big. 数词作主语Three are enough. 三个人就够了 不定式作主语To operate on the blind is one of the ORBIS Doctor’s job. 从句作主语What we need is food. 我们最需要的是食物. ▲在“There be …”句型中,主语的位置在中间。如:

There are some bottles of milk in the box. ▲在个别句型中,主语在整个句子后面,这时前面用it作形式主语。如: It is very interesting to play the game called “treat or trick”. It took two workers about three months to build the house. 2.谓语 谓语时用来说明主语“做什么”、“是什么”或“怎么样”,谓语必须是动词,谓语和主语在“人称”和“数”两方面必须一致。如: He is very generous. She looks very smart and cool We have finished the job. He can speak German. 3.表语 表语说明主语“是什么”或“怎么样”,由名词、形容词、介词、副词、不定式及相当于名词的词或短语来充当,它的位置在系动词后面。 形容词作表语You look younger than before.名词作表语My father is a teacher. 副词作表语Everyone is here. 介词短语作表语They are at the theatre. 不定式作表语My job is to teach them English. 动名词作表语Her job is training the nurses. 从句作表语That is why he didn’t come to school yesterday.

英语句子成分导学案

英语句子成分导学案 什么是句子成分? 句子成分有哪些? 句子成分 一.主语(Subject) 表示句子说的是什么人或什么事。是一个句子所叙述的主体,一般位于句首。位于系动词或谓语动词之前。 1.Gina is from Australia. 2.She often goes to the movies. 3.Three is enough.

4.Doing the work is hard for him. 5.To see is to believe. 6.The rich should help the poor. 主语在哪里? 1. Tom didn't finish his homework. 2. She wants to be a doctor. 3. Taking a walk is good for your health. 4. To clean the window is your duty. 5. Six is a lucky number. 6. The young should respect the old. 二.谓语(Predicate) 说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态,位于主语之后。一般由动词或动词短语充当谓语。 谓语 注:主谓要一致。 1.They are working in a field. 2.He looked after two boys.

3.They can speak English well. 4.I love China. 5.She has finished her task. 谓语在哪里? 1. We study English. 2. He is singing a song. 3. We should help the disabled. 4. The plane took off at ten o’clock. 5. I want a ticket. 三. 宾语(object) 表示动作的对象或承爱者,一般位于及物动词和介词后面。 1.Can I ask some questions? 2.He is looking at the dog. 3.I bought a computer last week. 4.I like you. 宾语在哪里? 1.I like China. 2.He hates you. 3.We need two. 4.We should help the old.

高中英语句子成分讲解超详细

什么叫句子成分呢?句子的组成成分叫句子成分。在句子中,词与词之间有一定的组合关系,按照不同的关系,可以把句子分为不同的组成成分。句子成分由词或词组充当。现代汉语里一般的句子成分有六种,即主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语和补语。英语的基本成分有七种:主语(subject)、谓语(predicate)、表语(predicative)、宾语(object)、定语(attribute)、状语(adverbial) 和补语(complement)。 英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成五种基本句型及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装。掌握这五种基本 句型,是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础。 英语五种基本句型列式如下:一:SV(主+谓)二:SVP(主+系+表)三:SVO(主+谓+宾)四:SVoO(主+谓+间宾+直宾)五:SVOC(主+谓+宾+宾补) 基本句型S V (主+谓) 主语:可以作主语的成分有名词(如boy),主格代词(如you),动词不定式,动名词等。主语一般在句首。注意名词单数形式常和冠词不分家! 谓语:谓语由动词构成,是英语时态、语态变化的主角,一般在主语之后。不及物动词(vi.)没有宾语,形成主谓结构,如:We come. 此句型的句子有一个共同特点,即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做不及物动词,后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。 S│ V(不及物动词) 1. The sun │was shining.太阳在照耀着。 2. The moon │rose. 月亮升起了。 3. The universe │remains. 宇宙长存。 4. We all │breathe, eat, and dri nk. 我们大家都呼吸、吃和喝。 5. Who │cares? 管它呢? 6. What he said │does not matter. 他所讲的没有什么关系。 7. They │talked for half an hour. 他们谈了半个小时。 8. The pen │writes smoothly 这支笔书写流利。 基本句型二 SVP(主+系+表)

(完整版)高中英语句子成分讲解与练习

句子成分(Members of a Sentence) 什么叫句子成分呢?句子的组成成分叫句子成分。在句子中,词与词之间有一定的组合关系,按照不同的关系,可以把句子分为不同的组成成分。句子成分由词或词组充当。现代汉语里一般的句子成分有六种,即主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语和补语。英语的基本成分有七种:主语(subject)、谓语(predicate)、表语(predicative)、宾语(object)、定语(attribute)、状语(adverbial) 和补语(complement)。 英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成五种基本句型及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装。掌握这五种基本句型,是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础。 英语五种基本句型列式如下: 一:SV(主+谓) 二:SVP(主+系+表) 三:SVO(主+谓+宾) 四:SVoO(主+谓+间宾+直宾) 五:SVOC(主+谓+宾+宾补) 基本句型一:SV(主+谓) 主语:可以作主语的成分有名词(如boy),主格代词(如you),动词不定式,动名词等。主语一般在句首。注意名词单数形式常和冠词不分家! 谓语:谓语由动词构成,是英语时态、语态变化的主角,一般在主语之后。不及物动词(vi.)没有宾语,形成主谓结构,如:We come. 此句型的句子有一个共同特点,即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做不及物动词,后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。 S│V(不及物动词) 1. The sun │was shining. 太阳在照耀着。 2. The moon │rose. 月亮升起了。 3. The universe │remains. 宇宙长存。 4. We all │breathe, eat, and drink. 我们大家都呼吸、吃和喝。 5. Who │cares? 管它呢? 6. What he said │does not matter. 他所讲的没有什么关系。 7. They │talked for half an hour. 他们谈了半个小时。 8. The pen │writes smoothly 这支笔书写流利。 基本句型二:SVP(主+系+表) 此句型的句子有一个共同的特点:句子谓语动词都不能表达一个完整的意思,必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语,才能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做连系动词。系动词分两类:be, look, keep, seem等属一类,表示情况;get, grow, become, turn等属另一类,表示变化。be 本身没有什么意义,只起连系主语和表语的作用。其它系动词仍保持其部分词义。感官动词多可用作联系动词:look well/面色好,sound nice/听起来不错,feel good/感觉好,smell bad/难闻

高中英语句子结构分析

第一讲英语句子结构分析 句子的划分 I. 根据结构划分:①简单句 S+V(主+谓) S+V+P(主+谓+表) S+V+O(主+谓+宾) S+V+o+O(主+谓+间宾+直宾) S+V+O+C(主+谓+宾+宾补) ②并列句and, but, or ③复合句:名词从句(宾,主,表,同) 副词从句(状语从句) 形容词从句(定语从句) II. 根据功能划分:陈述句 疑问句

(一般疑问句,特殊疑问句,选择疑问句,反义疑问句,修辞疑问句) 祈使句 感叹句 III. 根据句子成分:单个词汇 短语 从句 一.陈述句(五种句型) 1.I am a webaholic.我是一个网虫。 Chatting on the internet is interesting. 我喜欢网上聊天。 2.Internet dating hurts.网恋有害。 3.I like chatting online.我喜欢网上聊天。 4.Chatting on the internet brings me a lot of fun.网上聊天给 我带来很多乐趣。 5.We can call internet addicts a webaholic.我们管网上一隐 君子叫网虫。

I. 常用作连系动词: ①变成,变得:become, come, fall, get, go, grow, run, turn 口诀:好是come,坏是go;天气、外貌慢慢grow; 流水、金钱缓缓run;颜色、天气大不同turn;Get\ become口语化,如果要说就用它. 口诀解读: 如:Dreams come true. 梦想成真。 如:It's such a hot day today that this dish has gone smelly. 今天太热了,菜都馊了。 化的静态形容词。 如:I want to grow old with you. 我想和你一起慢慢变老。 如:Still water runs deep.静水深流。

2020高考英语新创新一轮复习语法第三部分第一讲学会划分句子成分为理清句式奠基学案(含解析)北师大版

第三部分理清常用句式 第一讲学会划分句子成分,为理清句式奠基句子不清、理解不明,一见长难句就发懵,皆因句子成分没划清。划分句子成分、拆分长难句是正确理解、应用复杂句式的必备手段,所以在学习句式之前,先给同学们补上欠缺的这一课。 句子有若干个组成部分,分别承担着不同的作用,这些组成部分叫作句子成分。英语中的句子成分分为主语(Subject)、谓语(Predicate)、宾语(Object)、表语(Predicative)、定语(Attribute)、状语(Adverbial)、补语(Complement)和同位语(Appositive)。 一、主语——习惯于发号施令,偶尔也会被赶下台 在句子中,主语是谓语所表示动作或状态的执行者。主语一般位于句子开头,且不能省略。但在某些特定的句式里,如:疑问句、倒装句、祈使句、感叹句等,句子主语也可以“下台”而位于谓语动词之后或省略。能够充当主语的主要有名词(短语)、主格代词、数词、动名词(短语)、动词不定式(短语)和从句等。当主语为从句时,为避免头重脚轻,可用it作形式主语。 The patient's family have expressed their gratitude to the press in letters for the money raised.(名词作主语) Studying English is very important.(动名词短语作主语) It's obvious that he was wrong.(代词it充当形式主语,that引导的主语从句作真正的主语) 二、谓语——坚决服从主语“领导”,执行命令雷厉风行 谓语用来描述主语的行为动作、状态或具有的特征,常位于主语之后。谓语可由动词和动词短语、系表结构以及“助动词/情态动词+实义动词”充当,有时态、语态和语气的变化,同时又受到主语人称和数的制约。判断的依据是看主语和动词之间的关系,如果两者之间是主动关系就用主动语态,如果是被动关系就用被动语态。谓语的构成如下:1.简单谓语:由一个动词或动词短语构成。 The sun rises in the east. 2.复合谓语:(1)由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成;(2)由连系动词加表语构成。 They must have finished their tasks. Mr Chen is my English teacher.

高中英语句子成分分析讲解即时练习巩固

高中英语句子成分分析讲解即时练习巩固 文档编制序号:[KKIDT-LLE0828-LLETD298-POI08]

第1讲句子成分

英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成五种基本句型及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装。掌握这五种基本句型,是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础。 英语五种基本句型结构如下: 主语谓语 用符号表示为: ①SV(主+谓) ②SVO(主+谓+宾) ③SVoO(主+谓+间宾+直宾) ④SVOC(主+谓+宾+宾补) ⑤SVP(主+系+表) 主语(subject)谓语 (predicate)、 宾语(object)定语 (attribute) 状语(adverbial) 补语 (complement) 表语(predicative) 考点1.基本句型一:SV(主+谓) 这类句子的谓语动词都是不及物动词,都不带宾语,但可以带状语,常见的不及物动词有: act, come, go, work, last, fall, cry, disappear, appear, smile, rise, ring,live, look, listen, laugh, hurry, talk, sleep, retire, graduate, die, care, agree, jump, fail, wait, succeed, stay, sit, lie, shine, happen, take place, rain, snow, ect. 如: It is raining now. (SV) We've worked for 5 hours. (SV) The meeting lasted half an hour. (SV) Time flies. (SV) 练习1.分析下列句子成分,并在后面括号内标明属于五种基本句型中的哪一种 1.Dark clouds hung overhead. ( ) 2.Gradually a smile appeared on her face. ( ) 3.He is smiling all over his face. ( ) 4.I did well in English. ( ) 5.He talked loudly in the classroom yesterday. ( ) 考点2.基本句型二:SVP(主+系+表) 系动词主要是be. 但还有一些动词有些时候 也可作系动词,有人称之为半系动词。 I.如何辨别系动词 有些动词既可作连系动词,又可以作实义动词。如何来辨别呢有一个最简便的方法,即用连系动词be替换句子中的这些动词,句子仍然成立就是连系动词;反之,不能替换 的,就是行为动词。如: vi. vt. . 宾语 宾语(间)宾语(直)宾语宾语补足语 表语 ① ⑤ ② ④ ③

高中英语句子成分分析大全

因此动词不定式、动名词、分词为非谓语动词,不能作谓语。且谓语动词可以体现时态, 这两句话分别由动词were (are 的过去式),enjoys singing (enjoy doing动词短语)作谓语。其中were 体现出句子的时态为过去时态,且主语的人称为第一人称,enjoys singing 体现出句子的时态为一般现在时,且主语的人称为第三人称。 三.宾语:表示动作的承受者。宾语放在及物动词或者介词之后。 如:I play with him. (我和他玩。) I like Chinese food.(我喜欢中国菜。) 这两句话中分别由人称代词him ,名词food 作宾语。 直接宾语与间接宾语: 有的动词能够接双宾语,直接宾语指的是动词所涉及的物,间接宾语是指受益于动词所表示行为的人。 如:He gave me a book.(他给了我一本书) 这句话中 a book 为直接宾语,me 为间接宾语。 又如:My mother bought a schoolbag to me.(我妈妈买了一个书包给我。) 这句话中schoolbag 为直接宾语,me 为间接宾语。 四.表语:用来说明主语的性质或状态。接在系动词之后,其中接在系动词be 后是最常见的情况。 如They were teachers.(他们曾是老师。) He is kind.. (他心地善良。) 这两句话分别由名词teachers,形容词kind 作表语。 五.定语:是用来说明或限制名词的成分,可分为前置定语和后置定语,常用形容词或者相当于形容词的短语或从句担任。形容词放在名词之前,构成前置定语;相当于形容词的短语或从句放在名词的后面,构成后置定语。 如:This is red sun. (这是个红太阳) 这句话由形容词red 作前置定语,修饰sun. 又如:His work in the hospital is very hard.(他在这个医院的工作很辛苦。) 这句话由相当于形容词的介词短语in the hospital 作后置定语,修饰work。 与定语的关键就是看其所修饰的部分,定语修饰名词,且起说明、限制作用。 如:The students study hard.(学生努力学习)

高中英语句子结构分析一

高中英语句子结构分析一:S V (主+谓) 英语网| 2014-08-12 分享到: 句子成分(Members of a Sentence) 什么叫句子成分呢?句子的组成成分 叫句子成分。在句子中,词与词之间有一定的组合关系,按照不同的关系,可以把句子分为不同的组成成分。句子成分由词或词组充当。现代汉语里一般的句子成分有六种,即主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语和补语。英语的基本成分有七种:主语(subject)、谓语(predicate)、表语(predicative)、宾语(object)、定语(attribute状语(adverbial) 和补语(complement)。 英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成五种基本句型及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装。掌握这五种基本句型,是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础。英语五种基本句型列式如下: 一.SV(主+谓) 二:SVP(主+系+表) 三:SVO(主+谓+宾) 四:SVoO(主+谓+间宾+直宾) 五:SVOC(主+谓+宾+宾补)

基本句型一:S V (主+谓) 主语:可以作主语的成分有名词,主格代词(如you),动词不定式,动名词等。主语一般在句首。注意名词单数形式常和冠词不分家! 谓语:谓语由动词构成,是英语时态、语态变化的主角,一般在主语之后。不及物动词(vi.)没有宾语,形成主谓结构,如:We come. 此句型的句子有一个共同点,即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做不及物动词,后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。S│V 不及物动词) 1. The sun │was shining. 2. The moon │rose. 3. The universe │remains. 4. We all │breathe, eat, and drink. 5. Who │cares? 6. What he said │does not matter. 7. They │talked for half an hour. 8. The pen │writes smoothly 基本句型二:S V P (主+系+表) 此句型的句子有一个共同的特点:句子谓语动词都不能表达一个完整的意思,必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语,才能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做连系动词。系动词分两类:be, look, keep, seem等属一类,表示情况;get, grow, become, turn等属另一类,表示变化。be 本身没有什么意义,只起连系主语和表语的作用。其它系动词仍保持其部分词义。感官动词多可用作联系动词:look well/面色好,sound nice/听起来不错,feel good/感觉好,smell bad/难闻S │V(是系动词)│P His face │turned │red. 1. This │is │an English-Chinese dictionary. 2. The dinner │smells │good. 3. He │fell │in love.4. Everything │looks │different.5.He│is growing │tall and strong. 6. The trouble│is │that they are short of money.7. Our well

初高中英语衔接系列讲与练之二句子成分分析

初高中英语衔接系列讲与练之二 简单句的句子成份分析(主语、谓语、宾语、定语) 句子的基本成份分析是高中英语语法学习的基础准备。不会分析句子成份,高中阶段的主要语法的学习如定语从句、名词性从句、非谓语等就会显得十分困难。 一.句子的主要成份与次要成份 [讲解]句子成分是句子中起一定功用的组成部分。句子的主要成份由主语和谓语部分部分组成。句子的次要成分有宾语、定语、状语、表语、补语、同位语等。其中,补语与同位语在高中阶段较常见。例如:The trees on the mountain grow green in the spring (主语) (定语修饰主语) (系动词) (表语) (状语) Who left the guest waiting in the meeting so long. (主语) (谓语) (宾语) (补语) (状语) [练习] 在括号内写出以下句子划线部分的基本成份 1.They are workers from China. ()( ) ( ) ( ) 2. The singer made himself known. ()( ) ( ) ( ) 3.My classmates sent their best wishes to me. ()( ) ( ) ( ) ()( ) ( ) 二、主语及充当主语的词性、形式、短语或句子 [讲解]主语是句子的主体,是谓语陈述或说明的对象。正常语序的句子的主语在谓语动词前面或系动词前面。充当主语的词性有名词、代词、数词等。这一点我们在初中阶段较为熟悉。例如: Deer are animals.(主语由名词deer来充当) Everything goes well.(主语由代词everything来充当) 99 is larger than 98. (主语由数词99来充当) 以下充当主语的情况在高中阶段较为常见。他们是:不定式、动名词等形式充当主语,动名词短语、不定式短语、介词短语充当主语以及充当主语从句充当主语。例如: To say is one thing and to do is another thing.(主语由不定式to say来充当) To host a party is not an easy thing.(主语由不定式短语to host a party来充当) Swimming does good to one’s health.(主语由动名词swimming来充当) Walking his pet dog every day is his favorite.(主语由动名词短语Walking his pet dog every day来充当) What he said hurt me greatly.(主语由what he said这一主语从句来充当) [练习] 在以下句子的主语部分加下划线并在括号内写出充当主语的词性、形式、短语或句子。 You, he and I are all senior school students.( ) Nothing is more important than EQ.( ) To learn a foreign language calls for patiences.( ) Being honest will pay.( ) Where his mother will go is a secret.( ) 三、谓语以及充当谓语的动词 [讲解]谓语说明主语的的动作、行为、特征或状态,谓语动词说明主语所表示的人物“干什么”或“怎么样”。谓语动词有不及物动词、系动词和及物动词三大类。谓语动词必须反映出人称、单复数、时态等信息,除了一般现在时和一般过去时的主被动形式外,谓语动词往往由下列词语中的两个或两个以上依序排列构成:情态动词+时态助动词+语态助动词+主要动词。例如: The bike went wrong again.(went 作谓语,系动词) Most of the my classmates work hard.(work作谓语,不及物动词) They told me his experiences in America.(told作谓语,及物动词) Some students are making much noise in the classroom now.(are making作谓语) We will stay at the school at the weekend.(will stay作谓语)

高中英语:句子成分和句子结构讲解及练习-学案

句子成分 主语(subject): 句子说明的人或事物。 The sun rises in the east. (名词) He likes dancing. (代词) Twenty years is a short time in history. (数词) Seeing is believing. (动名词) To see is to believe. (不定式) What he needs is a book. (主语从句) It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree. (It形式主语,主语从句) 谓语(predicate): 说明主语的动作、状态和特征。 We study English. He is asleep. 表语(predicative): 系动词之后的成分,表示主语的性质、状态和特征。 He is a teacher. (名词) Seventy-fou r! You don’t look it. (代词) Five and five is ten. (数词) He is asleep. (形容词) His father is in. (副词) The picture is on the wall. ( 介词短语) My watch is gone / missing / lost. (形容词化的分词) To wear a flower is to say “I’m poor, I can’t buy a ring. (不定式) The question is whether they will come. (表语从句) (常见系词: be, sound(听), look(看), feel(摸),smell(闻), taste(吃), remain(保持,仍是), feel(感觉)... It sounds a good idea. The sound sounds strange. Her voice sounds sweet. Tom looks thin. The food smells delicious. The food tastes good. The door remains open. Now I feel tired. 宾语:1)动作的承受者-----动宾 I like China. (名词) He hates you. (代词) How many do you need? We need two. (数词)

(完整版)高考英语句子成分分析

Part1英语句子成分 一、词类 英语词类分十种:名词、形容词、代词、数词、冠词、动词、副词、介词、连词、感叹词。 1、名词(n.):表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称。如:boy, morning, bag, ball, class, orange. 2、代词(pron.):主要用来代替名词。如:who, she, you, it . 3、形容词(adj..):表示人或事物的性质或特征。如:good, right, white, orange . 4、数词(num.):表示数目或事物的顺序。如:one, two, three, first, second, third, fourth. 5、动词(v.):表示动作或状态。如:am, is,are,have,see . 6、副词(adv.):修饰动词、形容词或其他副词,说明时间、地点、程度等。如:now, very, here, often, quietly, slowly. 7、冠词(art..):用在名词前,帮助说明名词。如:a, an, the. 8、介词(prep.):表示它后面的名词或代词与其他句子成分的关系。如in, on, from, above, behind. 9、连词(conj.):用来连接词、短语或句子。如and, but, before . 10、感叹词(interj..)表示喜、怒、哀、乐等感情。如:oh, well, hi, hello. 二、句子成分 1.主语:是句子要说明的人或事物,是句子的主体,一般由名词、代词、数词、不定式或动名词等充当。如: The car is running fast. / The girl can sing many English songs.(名词) We are students. / This is my pen . Yours is on the desk.(代词) One of my classmates is from Shanghai. / Two and three is five.(数词) The blind need more help.(名词化的形容词) It's bad manners to spit in public. (不定式) Eating too much is bad for your health.(动名词) 【注意】若不定式短语作主语常用it作形式主语,而把真正的主语(不定式短语)放在句后。 练一练:指出下例句中主语的中心词。

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