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ASME SEC VIII D1 MA APP 7 英语翻译

APPENDIX 附录 7

EXAMINATION OF STEEL CASTINGS钢铸件的检验

7-1 SCOPE范围

This Appendix covers examination requirements which shall be observed for

all steel castings to which a 100% quality factor is to be applied in accordance with UG-24(a)(5). Except for applications involving lethal service, steel castings made to an accepted standard, such as ASME/ANSI

B16.5, are not required to comply with the provisions of this Appendix.

本附录包含的测试要求应依照 UG-24(a)(5) ，对所有的钢铸件100%的品质因素

进行检测。除了涉及破坏性的应用服务，如按照ASME / ANSI B16.5标准制成的钢铸

件，则不需要符合本附件的规定。

7-2 EXAMINATION TECHNIQUES 检验工艺

Examination techniques shall be carried out in accordance with the following. 检验工艺应依照如下

(a) Magnetic particle examinations shall be per Appendix 6 except

that acceptance standards shall be as given in 7-3(a)(3) of this Appendix.

磁粉检查应按照附录6，除非验收标准为本附录7-3(a)(3)。

(b) Liquid penetrant examinations shall be per Appendix 8 except that acceptance standards shall be as given in 7-3(a)(4) of this Appendix.

液体渗透检验应按照附录8，除非验收标准为本附录7-3(a)(4)。

with acceptance standards as given in 7-3(a)(1) or 7-3(b)(3) of this Appendix.

放射线检查应按照第V节第二条与本附录7-3(a)(1) 或 7-3(b)(3)的验收标准。

(1) A written radiographic examination procedure is not required. Demonstration of density and pentameter image requirements on production

or technique radiographs shall be considered satisfactory evidence of compliance with Article 2.

探伤检查程序无需书面记录，依据第2条对生产与工序中对密度论证和五音影像要素的X光

片应被认为是令人满意的证据。

(2) The requirements of T-285 of Article 2 of Section V are to be

used only as a guide. Final acceptance of radiographs shall be based on

the ability to see the prescribed penetrameter image and the specified hole

or the designated wire or a wire penetrameter.

第V节第二条 T-285 的要求只作为一个指南。最终验收的X光片应基于可以清晰的看到规

定的透度计图像和特定孔或指定的线或线性透度计。

(d) Ultrasonic examinations shall be per Article 5 of Section V with acceptance standards as given in 7- 3(b)(3) of this Appendix.

超声检查应按照第V节第五条与本附录7- 3(b)(3)给出的验收标准。

7-3 EXAMINATION REQUIREMENTS检验要求

All steel castings shall be examined in accordance with (a) or (b) as applicable. 所有钢铸件应依照（a）或（b）检查。

(a) All castings having a maximum body thickness less than 4?in. (114 mm) shall be examined as follows.

所有铸件在最大厚度小于4?).（114毫米）时应如下检查：

(1) All critical sections

having radiographed 2 in. (51 mm), the radiographs shall be compared to those in ASTM E 446, Standard Reference Radiographs For Steel Castings Up To 2 in. (51 mm) in Thickness. The maximum acceptable severity levels for imperfections shall be as follows:

所有的关键部位1应进行射线拍摄。为厚度达2英寸（51毫米）. 的铸件进行射线拍摄，X光片将与 ASTM E 446 进行比对，标准参考<为厚度达2英寸（51毫米）. 的钢铸件射线拍照>。最大可接受的缺陷严重程度的应如下：

Maximum Severity Level可接受最大程度缺陷类别 Thicknesses厚度 Thicknesses Imperfection Category <1 in. (英寸) 1 in. to < 2 in

A — Gas porosity 气孔 1 2

B — Sand and slag 沙粒和熔渣 2 3

C — Shrinkage 皱缩(four types四种) 1 3

D — Cracks 开裂 0 0

E — Hot tears 裂缝 0 0

F — Inserts 内嵌 0 0

G — Mottling 斑纹 0 0

For castings having radiographed thicknesses from 2 in. to 4? in. (51 mm to 114 mm), the radiographs shall be compared to those in ASTM E 186, Standard Reference Radiographs for Heavy-Walled [2 to 4? in. (51 mm to 114 mm)] Steel Castings. The maximum acceptable severity levels for imperfections shall be as follows:

为厚度从2英寸至4?英寸（51毫米至114毫米）. 的铸件进行射线拍摄，X光片将与 ASTM E 186 进行比对，标准参考<为壁厚从2英寸至4?英寸（51毫米至114

毫米）. 的钢铸件射线拍照>。最大可接受的缺陷严重程度的应如下：

Maximum

Imperfection Category Severity Level

A — Gas porosity 2

B — Sand and slag inclusions 2

C — Shrinkage

Type 1 1

Type 2 2

Type 3 3

D — Cracks 0

E — Hot tear 0

F — Inserts 0

------

1Critical sections: For static castings, the sections where imperfections are usually encountered are abrupt changes in section and at the junctions of risers, gates, or feeders to the casting. For centrifugal castings, critical sections shall be interpreted to be any abrupt changes of section, the circumference for a distance of at least 3 in. from each end, and one additional circumferential band at least 3 in. wide and including the area

3英寸，从每端到另一个额外的环形带保持至少3英寸宽，并包括对指定区域使用其他检验方法进行最严格的检测。

2001 SECTION VIII —— DIVISION 1

7-3

(2) All surfaces including machined gasket seating surfaces shall be examined by the magnetic particle or the liquid penetrant method. When the casting specification requires heat treatment, these examinations shall be conducted after that heat treatment.

所有表面包括加工的密封垫底座表面应采用磁粉或液体渗透法检查。当铸件规定要求热处理时，这些检查应热处理后进行。

(3) Surface indications determined by magnetic particle examination shall be compared with those indicated in ASTM E 125, Standard Reference Photographs for Magnetic Particle Indications on Ferrous Castings, and shall be removed if they exceed the following limits:

磁粉检测确定的表面标示应与 ASTM E 125 相对比，标准参考<铁铸件的磁粉检验用照片>，如果超过以下限度应被移除：

Type 类型 Degree程度

I. Linear discontinuities 连续断裂All全部

(hot tears and cracks) 裂缝裂纹

II. Shrinkage 皱缩 2

III. Inclusions 内含物 3

IV. Chills and chaplets 冷凝珠 1

V. Porosity 气孔 1

(4) Surface indications determined by liquid penetrant examination are unacceptable if they exceed the following limits:

液体渗透检验确定的表面读数如果超过以下限定是不可接受的：

(a) all cracks and hot tears;

所有的裂纹裂缝

(b) any group of more than six linear indications other than those in (a) above in any rectangular area of 1? in. × 6 in. (38 mm × 152 mm) or less or any circular area having a diameter of 3?in. (89 mm) or less, these areas being taken in the most unfavorable location relative to the indications being evaluated;

在1?英寸×6英寸（38毫米×152毫米）或更少的任何矩形区域，或一个直径为

3?英寸（89毫米）或更少的任何圆形区域，有任何超过六组的线性指示的并不同于（a），这些区域被相应地评为最不合格的位置；

(c) other linear indications more than ?in. (6 mm) long for thicknesses up to ?in. (19 mm) inclusive, more than one-third of the thickness in length for thicknesses from ? in. to 2?in. (19 mm to 57 mm), and more than ?in. (19 mm) long for thicknesses over 2? in. (57 mm) (aligned acceptable imperfections separated from one another by a distance equal to the length of the longer imperfection are acceptable);

其他线性显示长度超过?英寸(6毫米)厚度达到?英寸(19毫米)之内，长度超过厚度三分之一，厚度为从?英寸到2?英寸(19毫米到57毫米)，并且长度超过?英寸(19毫米)厚度为2?英寸(57毫米)以上 (可接受均衡的缺陷，较长的缺点的长度等于彼此分开的距离)

(d) all indications of nonlinear imperfections which have any dimension exceeding 3/16 in. (4.8 mm).

任何尺寸超过3/16英寸（4.8毫米）的所有非线性缺陷显示

(5) When more than one casting of a particular design is produced, each of the first five shall be examined to the full extent prescribed herein. When more than five castings are being produced, examinations as prescribed shall be performed on the first five and on one additional casting for each additional five castings produced. If any of these additional castings proves to be unacceptable, each of the remaining four castings of that group shall be examined fully.

制造同一设计的铸件产品超过一件以上的，在每一、五件进行全部规定检验；当生产超过五件时，每增加五件便增加一个除一、五外的检验铸件；如果额外增加的检验样品是不合格的，其余四件应全部进行检验。

(b) All castings having maximum body thickness 4?in. (114 mm) and greater and castings of lesser thickness which are intended for severe service applications2 shall be examined as follows.

所有铸件的最大厚度4?英寸（114毫米）

厚度较小的铸件应检查如下。

(1) Each casting shall be subjected to 100% visual examination and to complete surface examination by either the magnetic particle or the liquid penetrant method. When the casting specification requires heat treatment, these examinations shall be conducted after that heat treatment.

Acceptability limits for surface imperfections shall be as given in (a)(3) and (4) above.

每个铸件应进行100%的外观检查和由磁粉或液体渗透法完全的表面检查。当铸件规范需要热处理时，这些检查应于热处理后进行。表面缺陷的可接受限度参见上面的(a)(3)和(4)。

(2) All parts of castings up to 12 in. (305 mm) in thickness shall be subjected to radiographic examination and the radiographs compared to those given in ASTM E 280, Standard Reference Radiographs For Heavy-Walled [4? to 12 in. (114 mm to 305 mm)] Steel Castings. The maximum acceptable severity levels for imperfections shall be as follows:

所有铸件厚度达12英寸（305毫米）应接受到射线检验及X光片比对ASTM E 280，标准参考<壁厚为[ 4?至12英寸（114毫米至305毫米）]的钢铸件射线照片> 。最大可接受的缺陷严重程度应如下所示：

Imperfection Category缺陷类别 Maximum Severity Level可接受最大程度

A — Gas porosity 气孔 2

B — Sand and slag inclusions 沙粒熔渣 2

C — Shrinkage 皱缩

Type 1 类型1 2

Type 2 类型2 2

Type 3 类型3 2

D — Cracks 开裂 0

E — Hot tears 裂缝 0

F — Inserts 内嵌 0

(3) For castings having a maximum thickness in excess of 12 in. (305 mm), all thicknesses which are less than 12 in. (305 mm) shall be examined radiographically in accordance with the preceding paragraph. All parts of such castings having thicknesses in excess of 12 in. (305 mm) shall be examined ultrasonically in accordance with Article 5 of Section V. Any imperfections which do not produce indications exceeding 20% of the straight beam back reflection or do not reduce the height of the back reflection by more than 30% during a total movement of the transducer of 2 in. (51 mm) in any direction shall be considered acceptable. Imperfections exceeding these limits shall be repaired unless proved to be acceptable by other examination methods.

铸件的最大厚度超过12英寸（305毫米），其余的厚度都小于12英寸（305毫米）须依照上一段进行X射线检查；铸件各部分厚度都超过12英寸（305毫米）应依照第V 节第5条进行超声波缺陷检测。任何不产生指示超过直照背光反射的20%或在2英寸（51毫米）任何方向的传感器在总的活动期间的背光反射高度衰减不超过30%的缺陷应被认为是可以接受的。缺陷超过这些限制除非其他检查方法证明是可以接受的应进行修复。

……………………………………………………………………………………

2The Code as currently written provides minimum requirements for construction and it is recognized to be the responsibility of the designing engineer to determine when the intended service is of a nature that requires supplementary requirements to ensure safety; consequently, the designer should determine when the service warrants that this class of inspection be specified for steel castings of less than 4 in. (102 mm) nominal body

当预定的服务是关于此类需要补充要求来确保安全，并进行设计工程师的于公称 4英寸（102毫米）。

APPENDIX附录 7 —— MANDATORY必要措施

7-4 REPAIRS 修理

(a) Whenever an imperfection is repaired, the excavated areas shall be examined by the magnetic particle or liquid penetrant method to ensure it has been removed or reduced to an acceptable size.

每当一个缺陷被修复，开挖区应采用磁粉或液体渗透法检查以确保它已被移除或减少到可接受的范围。

(b) Whenever a surface imperfection is repaired by removing less than 5% of the intended thickness of metal at that location, welding need not be employed in making repairs. Where this is the case, the excavated area shall be blended into the surrounding surface so as to avoid any sharp contours.

当表面缺陷修理是通过在该位置除去小于5%的预订厚度，不需要使用焊接修复。在这种情况下，开挖区应融入周围的表面，以避免任何尖锐的轮廓。

(c) Castings of nonweldable materials which contain imperfections in excess of acceptable limits as given in 7-3 shall be rejected.

不可焊接材料的铸件包含7-3给出的，在可接受的范围内以外的缺陷应拒绝。

(d) For any type of defect, if the repair will entail removal of more than 75% of the thickness or a length in any direction of 6 in. (152 mm) or more, approval of the purchaser of the casting shall be obtained prior to making repairs.

对于任何类型的缺陷，如果修复将需要去除超过在任何方向的，厚度或长度的75%或6英寸（152毫米）或更多，要在修理之前获得对铸件采购审批。

(e) The finished surface of all repair welds shall be examined by the magnetic particle or liquid penetrant method. When subsequent heat treatment is required, this examination of the repaired area shall be conducted after heat treatment.

所有修复焊缝表面应进行磁粉或液体渗透法检验。修复后需要热处理，这些对修复区域的检验应在热处理后应进行。

(f)(1) Except as provided in (2) and (3) below, all weld repairs shall be examined by radiography.

除提供以下的（2）和（3），所有焊接维修应进行射线照相。

(2) Where the depth of repair is less than 1 in. or 20% of the section thickness, whichever is the lesser, and where the repaired section cannot be radiographed effectively, the first layer of each ?in. (6 mm) thickness of deposited weld metal shall be examined by the magnetic particle or the liquid penetrant method.

修复的深度小于1英寸或截面厚度的20%，两者中较低者，和修复部分不能进行有效的射线拍摄的，熔敷金属厚度为?英寸（6毫米）每层的，可采用磁粉或液体渗透法检查。

(3) Weld repairs which are made as a result of ultrasonic examination shall be reexamined by the same method when completed.

焊接修理完成时使用同样的方法重新审视超声波检验结果。

(g) When repair welding is done after the casting has been heat treated and when required by either the rules of this Section or the requirements of the casting specification, the repaired casting shall be postweld heat treated.

铸件热处理后和通过本节规则或铸件规范要求之一的，进行补焊修复时，修复后的铸件应焊后热处理。

(h) All welding shall be performed using procedure qualifications in accordance with Section IX. The procedure qualification shall be performed on a test specimen of the same P-Number and same group as the production casting. The test specimen shall be subjected to the same heat treatment both before and after welding as will be applied to the production casting. All welders and operators performing this welding shall be qualified in accordance with Section IX.

所有焊接应依照第IX部执行程序认证。程序认证应执行同一组铸件相同的P-Number 的相同试样。测试样本应进行在相同的热处理焊接后将应用于铸造生产。所有焊工和运营商应进行依照第IX部执行焊接资格认证。

7-5 IDENTIFICATION AND MARKING 鉴定和标记

Each casting shall be marked with the manufacturer’s name and casting identification, including the applicable casting quality factor and material identification. The manufacturer shall furnish reports of the chemical and mechanical properties and certification that each casting conforms to all applicable requirements of this Appendix. The certification for castings for lethal service shall indicate the nature, location, and extent of any repairs.

各个铸件应有标明制造商的名称和铸件的标识，包括适用铸造的质量因素和材料识别。制造商应为每个铸件提供符合本附录的所有适用要求的化学和机械性能报告和认证。为破坏性服务的铸件认证应表明所有修理的程度、性质、位置。

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七年级英语上册课文翻译 Document serial number【KK89K-LLS98YT-SS8CB-SSUT-SST108】

七年级英语上册课文翻译（二）注：按仁爱版英语七年级课本顺序排列，学生可依此闭卷翻译为英语课文，提高单词记忆、短句翻译和写作能力。 1、打扰一下，这个在英语里面是什么意思？ 2、这是橡皮擦吗？ 3、你怎么拼写它？ 4、谢谢，不用谢。 5、请问你能拼写它吗？不，我不能。 6、那个在英语里面是什么意思? 7、谢谢，不用谢。 8、这些是什么？它们是书。 9、妈妈，哪些是橘子吗？ 10、不，它们不是。 11、它们是什么？ 12、它们是苹果。 13、简从加拿大来，她十二岁了。 14、现在她在北京仁爱国际学校。

15、 16、是的，你是迈克吗？ 17、不，我不是。我有一个小鼻子，但他有一个大的。你有大眼睛吗？ 18、是的，我有。 19、哦，我知道了。你是康康。 20、是的，你很对。 21、迈克，谁是你最喜欢的电影明星？ 22、猜猜，他是中国人，他有一个大鼻子。 23、他有长头发吗? 24、不，他没有。 25、他有一个大嘴巴吗？是的，他有。 26、我知道，他是布鲁克.李。不，再猜猜。 27、我的脸是圆的，我有一张圆脸。 28、你的脸是长的，你有一张长脸。 29、他的头发是短的，他有短头发。 30、他的眼睛是大的，他有大眼睛。 31、他的眼睛是小的，他有小眼睛。

32、我是一个男孩，我是十三岁，我来自英格兰。 33、我是一名学生，我有一张圆脸和小眼睛。我的鼻子是大的，我的嘴巴是小的，我有一个姐姐，她的名字是艾米。她是十二岁，她也是一名学生，她有一张圆脸，大眼睛，一个小鼻子。我有一个小嘴巴，我们是同一个学校，但是在不同的年级。 34、你又一个小刀吗是的，我有。他有一个尺子吗是的，他有。他们有长的腿吗不他们没有。他们有短的腿。 35、她有小手吗？不，她没有。她有大手。 36、你好，康康，那个男孩是谁？ 37、哦，他是我的朋友约克。 38、他从哪里来？他来自日本。 39、但是你们看起来很像。对的，我们都有黑头发和黑眼睛。我有长头发和蓝眼睛。我们看起来不像，但我们是好朋友。

金融专业英语及翻译

Opposite指“位置、方向、地位、性质、意义等对立的、相反的”, 如: 如: “True” and “ false ” have opposite meanings. “真”与“假”有着相反的意思。 Contrary指“两物朝相反的方向发展”, 含有“互相冲突, 不一致”的意思, 如: Your plan is contrary to mine. 你的计划与我的相反。 Inverse 颠倒的；倒数的 Evil is the inverse of good. Reverse 反过来，翻转 He reversed the car. 他倒车. 教育类素质教育 education for all-round development 应试教育 the examination-oriented education 义务教育 compulsory education 片面追求升学率 place undue emphasis on the proportion of students' entering school of a higher level 高分低能 good scores but low qualities 扩招 expand enrollment 教书育人 impart knowledge and educate people 因材施教 teach students according to their aptitude 提高身心素质 improve the health and psychological quality 大学生创业 the university students' innovative undertaking 社会实践 social practice 文凭 diplomas and certificates 复合型人才 interdisciplinary talents 文化底蕴 the rich cultural deposits 适应社会的改变 adjust to the social changes 满足社会的急需 meet the urgent needs the society 工作类人才流动和双向选择 talent flow and a dual-way selection 试用期 probationary period 跳槽 job-hopping 自由职业 freelance work 拜金主义 money worship 获得名利 achieve fame and wealth 充分发挥个人的潜力 develop fully one's potential and creativity 工作出色 excel in one's work 社会和个人的尊重 social and personal esteem 生计问题 a bread and butter issue 人才交流 talents exchange 培养人才 cultivate talents 人才外流 brain drain 失业问题 unemployment problems 下岗职工 the laid-off workers 自谋生路 be self-employed 劳动力短缺 shortage of manpower 医药卫生类卫生环境 sanitary environment 营养不良 malnutrition

人教版英语七年级上册全册课文中文翻译

人教版七年级上册英语课文翻译 P4 Daming and I’ｍin Class One. I’ｍfrom China and I’ｍChinese. I’ｍfrom Beiji My name’ｓ my friend. ng. Beijing is a big city. Lingling’ｓ in my class. She’ｓ Lingling. I’ｍnot from England and I’ｍnot English. I’ｍChinese. I’ｍin Class O My name’ｓ in my class. W from Beijing and he’ｓ ne. Daming is my friend. We’re twelve years old. He’ｓ e’re good friends. Wang Hui and I’ｍChinese. I’ｍfrom Shanghai. I’ｍthirteen years old. I’ｍin Cl My name’ｓ ass One with Daming and Lingling. They are my friends. 我的名字叫大明，和我在一班。我来自中国，和我是中国人。我来自北京。北京是个大城市。玲玲在我的班。她是我的朋友。我的名字叫玲玲。我不是来自英国，和我也不是英国人。我是中国人。我在一班。大明是我的朋友。我们12岁了。他来自北京，和他在我的班。我们是好朋友。我的名字叫王辉，和我是中国人。我不是来自北京。我来自上海。我13岁了。我在一班和大明、玲玲。他们是我的朋友。 P8 Miss Li: Please welcome Betty and Tony to our school. They are from Beijing International School. This is Betty. Betty. I’ｍfrom America. I’ｍ13 years old and I’ｍ a student. I ca Betty: Hello. My name’ｓ speak Chinese. Th n play football and I can play basketball. I can speak English but I can’ｔ my friend. is is Tony. He’ｓ Tony. I’ｍ11 years old. I’ｍfrom England and I can speak English Tony: Hello. My name’ｓ . I can play football and table tennis, and I can ride a bike. Lingling: Can you swim? speak Chinese! Tony: No, I can’t. And I can’ｔ李小姐：请欢迎贝蒂和托尼来我们学校。他们来自北京国际学校。这是贝蒂。贝蒂：你好。我的名字叫贝蒂。我来自美国。我十三岁，和我是一个学生。我能踢足球，和我能打篮球。我能说英语但是我不能说汉语。这是托尼。他是我的朋友托尼：你好。我的名字叫托尼。我十一岁了。我来自英国，和我能说英语。我能踢足球和打乒乓球，和我能骑一辆车。