河北衡水高三英语复习讲义(五十)高考阅读理解解题技巧之指代题

2020届河北衡水高三英语复习讲义（五十）

高考阅读理解解题技巧之指代题

指代题常见的类型有：

1. The word “…”in the passage probably means______.

2. The underlined word “…”in the passage refers to ______.

3. In this story the underlined word “…”means ________.

4. Here “…”means ________.

增分技巧:

1．“就近原则”判指代

此类题目要求考生根据语境判断代词(this, that, it, they, them, one等) 究竟指代什么。

具体方法：

(1)返回原文，找出指代词(it, they, them, this ...);

(2)向上(有时向下)搜索，找最近的名词、代词、短语或句子(就近原则);

(3)将找到的词、短语或句子代入替换该指代词，看其意思、逻辑关系是否.

2．“逻辑原则”找指代

理清人物及事物间的逻辑关系是解答代词指代题的关键。

考生可利用上下文语境，采用逻辑关系梳理法，使人物或事物的关系明朗化。

要记住代词通常出现在原词之后，根据这条原则可快速排除选项中出现在代词之后的词汇，锁定答案，最后代入原句中进行验证。

3.数格一致

被指代对象通常与指代词在数(如单数或复数)和格(主格或宾格)两方面相同。

如单数代词one指代单数名词，复数代词they指代复数名词。

解题步骤：

1.确定指代对象。

要首先分析前后文，明确代词所指代的对象是人还是物，避免误判，要有目的地做题，才能真正做到有的放矢。

2.确定指代对象的数量。

代词指代的可数名词还是不可数名词，一定要在理解句子意思的基础上进行判断，只有判断准数，才能理解文章的意思，准确理解题目的要求。

3.确定指代范围。

在认真阅读的基础上明确代词的指代范围。只有明确代词所表示的具体范围，才能搞清楚文章的逻辑关系和前后文的联系，正在理解文章的中心思想。

考题形式分析：

1.主从复合句中的指代

在主从复合句中，第二句的代词主语经常指代第一句的名词主语。例如，

The fins are stiff, smooth, and narrow, qualities that also help cut drag. When not in use, the fins are tucked into special grooves or depressions so that they lie flush with the body and do not break up its smooth contours.

The word they in the passage refers to.

A. qualities

B. fins

C. grooves

D. depressions

【分析】

在这一例子中，从句so that they…中的代词主语they指代主句的名词主语the fins，因此第二个选项为正确答案。

如果主从复合句中一个句子(可以是主句，也可以是从句)使用被动语态，包含被动语态的句子中的主语常指代另一句中的宾语。

例如，

Similarly, a plant or animal cannot squander all its energy on growing a big body if none would be left over for reproduction, for this is the surest way to extinction.

The word none in the passage refers to.

A. food

B. plant or animal

C.energy

D. big body

【解析】

在本例中，if引导的从句使用了被动语态，代词主语none指代前面主句中的宾语energy。因此，第三个选项为正确答案。

2.并列动词中的指代

如果一个句中有两个并列的动词，第二个动词的代词宾语经常指代前一个动词后的名词宾语。例如，

Artists are recognizing the distinction between public and private spaces, and taking that into account when executing their public commissions.

The word “that”in line 27 refers to.

A. contemporary art

B. opportunity

C. audience

D. distinction

【解析】

句中有两个并列的动词recognizing和taking (into account)，其中recognizing 的宾语是distinction，而taking的宾语是that.根据上述技巧，that指代distinction.因此，D为正确答案。

3.平行结构中的指代

平行结构主要包括some/most/many/such/each…,others…;not only…but also…; the former…the latter等。

在这种结构中，平行结构两个部分的两个代词经常指代同一对象：前一句中的名词主语。

例如，

In Southwest France in the 1940s, playing children discovered Lascaux Grotto, a series of narrow cave chambers that contain huge prehistoric paintings of animals. Many of these beasts are as large as 16 feet (almost 5 meters). Some follow each other in solemn parades, but others swirl about, sideways and upside down.

The word others in the passage refers to.

A. chambers

B. paintings

C. beasts

D. parades

【分析】

原文包含平行结构some, others，它们都指代前一句中的名词主语beasts，因此第三个选项为正确答案。

4.所有格的指代

所有格代词经常指代其前面与其最接近的名词。例如，

Folk-made objects give way to their popular equivalent, usually because the popular item is more quickly or cheaply produced, is easier or time saving to use, or lends more prestige to the owner.

The word “their”in line 1 refers to.

A. folk

B. nations

C. countries

D. objects

【分析】

根据所有格指代的解题技巧，their指代前面位置最近的名词objects，因此D为正确答案。

5.指代的接力棒现象

这一现象是指被考的代词对应前面一个相同的代词，而前面的代词指代更前一句中的名词。例如，

While such interviews can be highly entertaining, they are not necessarily an accurate indication of public opinion. First,they reflect the opinions of only those people who appear at a certain location.

The word “they”in line 8 refers to.

A. North Americans

B. news shows

C. interviews

D. opinions

【分析】

在这一例子中，第二句中的代词they(reflect the opinions…)对应第一句中的they(are not…)，而第一个they指代前面从句中的名词主语interviews，那么第二个they也指代interviews，因此C为正确答案。

总结：总的来说阅读中的指代题不算难，只要读懂句子并且会分析指代词和其所指向的目标词之间的关系，就会很容易答对。

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