英国文学问答题
英国文学问答题
Chapter I Renaissance Period
1.What are the common characteristics shared by the characters created by Marlowe? In what
way is Marlowe a humanist writer? (p.21)
Marlowe reveals man’s pursue of happiness, knowledge and power. In this way, Marlowe a humanist writer
2.What kind of character is Faustus?
Dr. Faustus is the hero created by Marlowe. He is one of the Renaissance heroes in Marlowe’s plays. He is individualistic and full of ambition, facing bravely the challenge from God. He shows Marlow’s human istic idea of human dignity and capacity. In portraying Faustus, an introspective and philosophical figure, Marlowe praises his soaring aspiration of knowledge while warning against the sin of pride since Faustus’s downfall was caused by his despair in God and trust in Devil.
3.Please analyze briefly Hamlet’s character features. What devices does Shakespeare use to
depict this sophisticated character? (P. 34)
4.What are the common characteristics shared by Shakespeare’s four tragedies? ( P.33)
5.Give a brief a nalysis of Hamlet, the titular character in Shakespeare’s play, Hamlet. (P. 34)
6.William Shakespeare is one of the most remarkable playwrights and poets the world has ever
known. Briefly discuss his artistic achievements in characterization.
His major characters are neither merely individual ones nor type ones: they are individuals representing certain types. Each character has his or her own personalities; meanwhile, they may share features with others.
7. William Shakespeare is one of the most remarkable playwrights the world has ever known.
(1) Name his four greatest tragedies.
(2) What are the characteristics of the four tragedies in common?
(3) Briefly summarize each hero' s weakness of nature.
A. Shakespeare's four greatest tragedies are: Hamlet, Othello, King Lear,and Macbeth.
B. Each portrays somke noble hero, who faces the injustice of human life and is caught in a difficult situation and whose fate is closely connected with the fate of the whole nation.
C. Each hero has his weakness of nature: Hamlet, the melancholic scholar; Othello' s inner weakness is made use of by the outside evil force; the old king Lear who is unwilling to totally give up his power; and Macbeth' s lust for power stirs up his ambition and leads him to incessant crimes.
8. "For herein Fortune shows herself more kind
Than in her custom; it is still her use
To let the wretched man outlive his wealth,
To view with hollow eye and wrinkled brow
An age of poverty; from which ling’ring penance
Of such misery doth she cut me off."
T he above lines are taken from a speech made by Antonio, a major character in Shakespeare’s play The Merchant of Venice. Why does Antonio say that Fortune is more kind to him than in her custom?
This sentence means she, Lady Fortune, is more kind to him because she is taking away both his wealth and life. The speaker is Antonio, it’s said that his ship have all been lost, and he is
penniless, and will have to pay the pound of flesh. (Because Shylock has made a strange bond that requires Antonio to pay him a pound of flesh if he can’t repay him, the money that he borrowed for his friend in due time.) (P38)
9.What are the themes expressed through the play The Merchant of Venice? (p.32)
10. William Shakespeare is one of the most remarkable playwrights the world has ever known. ( 1) Name his four greatest tragedies.
(2) What are the characteristics of the four tragedies in common?
(3) Briefly summarize each hero' s weakness of nature.
A. Shakespeare's four greatest tragedies are: Hamlet, Othello, King Lear,and Macbeth.
B. Each portrays somke noble hero, who faces the injustice of human life and is caught in a difficult situation and whose fate is closely connected with the fate of the whole nation.
C. Each hero has his weakness of nature: Hamlet, the melancholic scholar; Othello' s inner weak?ness is made use of by the outside evil force; the old king Lear who is unwilling to totally give up his power; and Macbeth' s lust for power stirs up his ambition and leads him to incessant crimes.
11. List three distinctive features of English Renaissance movement in literature and then illustrate each with proofs from either the concerned chapter in your textbook or your own reading.
1) The first period of the English Renaissance was one of imitation and assimilation. Petrarch was regarded as the fountainhead of literature by the English writers. Wyatt introduced the Petrachan sonnet into England and Surrey brought in blank verse.
2) The Elizabethan drama, in its totality, is the real mainstream of the English Renaissance. The Greek and Roman Drams had a great influence on the Elizabeth Drama, especially on Shakespeare’s tragedies. E.g. Hamlet, the first of the great tragedies, is regarded as Shakespeare’s most popular play on the stage.
3) Francis Bacon, the first important English essayist, is best known for his essays which greatly influenced the development of his literary form. He was the founder of modern science in England. (P10---12)
12. Novum Organum, along with other works, won the author the honor "Father of modern science."
What is the name of the author?
What is the main concern of this work?
Why is the work so important for the development of modern science?
Answers:
A. Francis Bacon. "Novum Organum" is a treatise on methodology.
B. The argument is for the use of inductive method of reasoning in scientific study.
C. Bacon expounds the four great false conceivings that beset men's mind and prevent them from seeking the truth.
D. He advocates the inductive reasoning in place of the deductive reasoning.
E. By putting forward this theory, Bacon shows the new empirical attitudes toward truth about nature.
F. He bravely challenges the medieval scholasticists.
13. . What are the characteristics of “ Metaphysical poetry”? (P.63)
Chapter II The Neoclassical Period
1. Please sum up briefly Fielding’s contribution to the modern English novel.(121)
2.How would you define the character Robinson Crusoe?
Daniel Defoe’s no vel Robinson Crusoe was a great success partly because the protagonist was a real middle-class hero. Discuss Crusoe, the protagonist of the novel, as an embodiment of the rising middle class virtues in the mid-eighteenth century England.
3. "The first shot I made among these creatures, I killed a she-goat which had a little kid by her which she gave suck to, which grieved me heartily; but when the old one fell, the kid stood stock still by her till I came and took her up, and not only so, but when I carried the old one with me upon my shoulders, the kid followed me quite to my enclosure, upon which I laid down the dam, and took the kid in my arms, and carried it over my pale, in hopes to have it bred up tame, but it would not eat, so I was forced to kill it and eat it myself; these two supplied me with flesh a great while, for I ate sparingly; and saved my provisions (my bread especially) as much as possibly I could."This is a very significant sentence with great details that reveals the character of Robin son Crusoe. What aspects of Crusoe’s character are revealed then?
1) In most of his works, Defoe gave his praise to the hard-working, sturdy middle class and showed his sympathy for the lower-class people. Robinson Crusoe was such a character.
2) Robison goes out to sea, gets shipwrecked and marooned/landed on a lonely island, struggles to live for 24 years there and finally is saved by a ship and returns to England. During the period Robinson leads a harsh and lonely life and survives by growing corps, taming animals, etc. growing from a naive young man into a hardened man.
3) With a great capacity for work, inexhaustible energy (精力充沛), courage and persistence in overcoming difficulties（在克服困难方面持之以恒）, in struggling against nature, Crusoe becomes the prototype / representative of the empire builder, the pioneer colonist. （他是大英帝国缔造者的完美典范，同时也是殖民者的先驱）．
4) In the novel, Defoe glorified human labor and the puritan fortitude which the middle class praised highly, so he can be regarded as a spokesman of the bourgeois. (P98-100)
As a rule, and allegory is a story in verse or prose with a double meaning: a surface meaning, and an implied meaning. List two works as examples of allegory. What is the implied meaning an allegory is usually concerned with?
4.Gulliver’s Travels is a great masterpiece. Who is the author? What is the novel mainly about?
What is the social significance of Gulliver’s Travels? (108)
Chapter III The Romantic Period
1. Under the influence of the leading romantic thinkers like Kant and the Post-Kantians, Romoanticists demonstrated a strong reaction against the dominant modes of thinking of the 18th century's Neo-classicists. Discuss, in relation to the works you know, the difference between Romanticism and Neo-classicism.
A. Neo-classicists upheld that artistic ideals should be order, logic, restrained emotion and accuracy, and that literature should be judged in terms of its service to humanity, and thus, literary expressions should be of proportion, unity, harmony and grace. Pope's "An Essay on Criticism"
advocates grace, wit(usually through satire/humour), and simplicity in language (and the poem itself is a demonstration of those ideals, too); Fielding's "Tom Jones" helped establish the form of novel; Gray's "Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard" displays elegance in style, unified structure, serious tone and moral instruction.
B. Romanticists tended to see the individual as the very center of all experience, including art, and thus, literary work should be "spontaneous overflow of strong feelings," and no matter how mentary those experiences were (Wordsworth's "I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud," or "The Solitary Reaper,") or Coleridge's "Kubla Khan"), the value of the work lied in the accuracy of presenting those unique feelings and particular attitudes.
C. In a word, Neo-classcism emphasized rationality and form but Romanticism attached great importance to the indevidual's mind (emotion, imagination, temporary experience...)
2．How is Neoclassicism different from Romanticism? Provide brief evidence from the literary works you know best.
1)Neoclassicists upheld that artistic ideals should be order, logic, restrained emotion and accuracy and that literature, should be judged in terms of its service to humanity, and thus, literary expressions should be judged in terms of its service to humanity, and thus, literary expressions should be of proportion, unity, harmony and grace. Pope’s An Essay on Criticism advocates grace, wit, and simplicity in language; Fielding’s Tom Jones helped establish the form of novel; Gray’s “Elegy Written in a Country
Churchyard” displays eleganc e in style, unified structure, serous tone and moral instructions,
2) Romanticists tended to see the individual as the very center of all experience, including art, and thus, literary work should be “spontaneous overflow of strong feelings,” and no matter how fragmentary those experiences were ( Wordsworth’s “I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud,” or “ The Solitary Reaper,”) or Coleridge’s “ Keble Khan”, the value of the work lied in the accuracy of presenting those unique feelings and particular attitudes.
3)In a word, Neoclassicism emphasized rationality and form but Romanticism attached great
importance to the individual’s mind.
3. English Romanticism is generally said to have begun in 1798 with the publication of Wordsworth and Coleridge's Lyrical Ballads.
Why is Lyrical Ballads considered the milestone to mark the beginning of English Romanticism?
A. In this book, Wordsworth and Coleridge explored new theories and innovated new techniques in poetry writing.
B. The preface to the Lyrical Ballads acts as a manifesto for the new school. In the preface, Wordsworth defines poetry and poets.
C. Wordsworth's poems in this book differ in marked ways from his early poetry; simplicity of the language, sympathy for the poor, and expressions of inward states of mind.
4. Inspiration for the romantic approach initially came from two great shapers of thought. Who are
the two? And what ideas they expressed inspire the romantic writers?
The French philosopher, Jean Jacques Rousseau and the German writer Johna Wolfgan von Goethe. It is Rousseau who established the cult of the individual and championed the freedom of the human spirit; his famous announcement was “I felt before I thought.”Goethe and his compatriots extolled the romantic spirit.
5. How do you understand English Romanticism?
English Romanticism , as a historical phase of literature, is generally said to have begun in 1798 with the publication of Wordsworth and Coleridge’s Lyrical Ballads and to have ended in 1832.(P.161-P.162)
6．What makes William Blake’s two books Songs of Innocence and Songs of Experience different?
The Songs of Innocence (1809) is a lovely volume of poems, presenting a happy and innocent world, though not without its evils and sufferings. His Songs of Experience (1794) paints a different world, a world of misery, poverty, disease, war and repression with a melancholy tone. Childhood is central to Blake's concern in the Songs of Innocence and Songs of Experience. 7．What characteristics do Byron’s poems have that classify them as Romantic poems?
Byron’s poems showed the author’s persistent attacks on “cant political, religious and moral” and his romantic character of the Byronic hero. His hatred of tyranny, love of nature, preoccupation with the remote and savage are the features of Romantic poetry.
8．What are the character features of “Byronic hero”? In what way is Byron a romantic poet?(P.
195-196)
9. What does “the west wind” symbolize in Shelley’s “Ode to the West Wind”? In what tone does the poet end the poem? (见阅读理解)
10. Here is the last stanza of Byron’s "The Isles of Greece":
Place me on sunium’s mardle steep,
Where nothing, save the waves and I,
There, swan-like, let me sing and die:
May hear our marbled murmurs sweep;
A land of slaves shall ne’er be min e ---
Dash down you cup of Samian wine!
Determine the speaker first and then discuss BRIEFLY the main idea of the stanza or of the whole excerpt. You may want to consider the possible implications of the last two lines.
A. The speaker is a Greek singer (or Byron in a Greek Singer’s disguise or Byron speaks through a Greek singer).
B. The excerpt presents a strong resentment for the Turk’s conquest of Greece and calls on the Greek people to rise and fight for freedom.
C. Thus, the last line may suggest resolution to take immediate action to free Greece from enslavement.
11. Analyze the character of Jane Eyre based on the selection taken from Chapter X X Ⅲ of Jane Eyre.
A. Jane Eyre, an orphan child with a fiery spirit and a longing to love and be loved, a poor, plain, little governess who dares to love her master.
B. In Chapter X X Ⅲ, Jane finds herself hopelessly in love with Mr. Rochester but she is aware that her love is out of the question. When forced to confront Mr. Rochester, she desperately and openly declares her equality with him and her love for him.
12. Elizabeth Bennet, the heroine in Pride and Prejudice, is often regarded as the most successful character created by Jane Austen. Make a brief comment on Elizabeth' s character.
Elizabeth is clever, alert, observant. She is more observant and less charitable than Jane in recognizing the characters of Bingley' s sisters. She recognizes Mr. Collins' character in his letter and after meeting him turns down firmly and with dignity his patronizing proposal. She is able to match wits with Darcy several times and with Colonel Fitzwilliam, earning their respect and admiration.
B. Fearless and frank, not' rattled by the attack of Lady Catherine de Bourgh, she wins a notable
victory, sending her Ladyship away completely routed. She is independent but not infallible in her judgment--taken in by the charm of the worthless Wickham. She cannot be blamed for misjudging Darcy.
C. She shows flexibility, discernment, and honesty of mind when she reads Darcy's defense in
his letter and admits the justice of much of what he says. Thus beginning to lose her prejudice against him. She recognizes and values true worth when she encounters it in Jane, the Gardiners, and,near the end of the novel,in Darcy. She sees more clearly than her father the danger of sending Lydia to Brighton.
D. She is able to control her emotions at times of stress--when she first encounters Darcy at
Pemberley ;when she realizes that she loves Darcy and has good reason to fear that she has lost him,she waits without repining for time to bring a solution. She is witty,fun-loving,recognizes humor in herself and in others, but ridiculing only folly, nonsense, and inconsistencies. She recognizes the follies of her own family and their shortcomings as well as their virtues.
E. She is considerate of others but quite capable of asserting herself when occasion demands. She
has a playful and unaffected manner, sunny disposition, natural animation, sense of fun, and sweet reasonableness. She is ready to laugh at herself and everything save "what is wise and good. "She shows a sense of humor by telling what Darcy has said about her at the Mery. ton ball.
13. Please discuss Jane Austen’s major concern, and make a comment on her masterpiece Pride and Prejudice(P. 225)
14. Why do we still classify Jane Austen as a writer of the 18th-century, though she lived mainly in the nineteenth century?（P.223）
Chapter IV The Victorian Period
1.What do Victorian novelists concern about? (P.236)
2.Charles Dickens is a famous realistic writer of Britain. Name two of his major works. Where are most of his novels set? Briefly analyze the social criticism in his works.(P. 241)
3. Discussion: In what way is Charles Dickens a master story-teller? (P.241)
4. "Let it not be supposed by the enemies of ' the system, ' that during the period of his solitary incarceration, Oliver was denied the benefit of exercise, the pleasure of society, or the advantages of religious consolation. "What do you think Charles Dickens intends to say in the above ironic statement taken from Oliver Twist?
A. The sentence is a typical example of irony. What Dickens intends to say is just the opposite of
the sentence's literal meaning.
B. For the "benefit" of exercise, Oliver was whipped every morning in a stone yard ; for the " pleasure" of society, he was carried every other day into the dining hall and flogged as a
public warning and example to the boys; and as for the "advantages"of religious consolation,he was kicked into the same apartment every evening at prayer time and listened to the boys'prayer to be guarded against his sins and vices.
C. The ironic statement is,in fact, a bitter denunciation and fierce attack at the brutal,inhuman
treatment of the poor orphan by the workhouse authority.
5. My boy!’ said the old gentleman, leaning over the desk. Oliver started at the sound. He might be excused for doing so, for the words were kindly said, and strange sounds frighten one. He trembled violently, and burst into tears." (Charles Dickens, Oliver Twist)
Explain why the boy [Oliver Twist] started first, then trembled violently and burst into tears when the words were "kindly" said.
The boy started at the words because kind words were not expected; it is (was, must be) the first time in all his life that the boy [Oliver Twist] had ever been "kindly" greeted; strange sounds may predict another suffering/misfortune/torture/...) (At least one example from the text is expected to back up the above statement)
6. Emily Bronte used a very complicated narrative technique in writing her novel Wuthering Heights. Try to tell Bronte's way of narration briefly.
There are complicated narrative levels in Wuthering Heights The main narrative is told by Nely ,Catherine's old nurse. to Mr. Lockwood,a temporary tenant at Grange. The latter gives an account of what he see at Wuthering Heights.In the main narrative by Nelly inserts the sub——narrative told through Isabella's letters a Nelly.While the central intrest is maintained,the sequence of its development is constantly disordered by flashbacks,This marks the story all the more enticing and genuine.
7. It is said that B. Shaw's play, Mrs. Warren's Profession, has a strong realistic theme, which fully reflects the dramatist's Fabianist idea. Try to summarize this theme briefly.
The play deals with the themes of prostiution as a big bussiness in the bourgeois society . The play launches possibly the sharpest and the bitterest attack ever made by Shaw upon the very foundation of the "civilized" capitalist world.
The play hits the very heart of capitalism as a social system according to which economic exploitation is not only considered the legitimate thing adopted everywhere but is pursued shamelessly by "dignified"members of the society through the lowest and the dirtiest means.
8.Why is the name of Browning often associated with the term: “dramatic monologue”? How effectively does he use this poetic form? p.283
9.In what way is the novel Jane Eyre a moral fable? What specific moral do the main characters of the novel learn from their experiences?
In Jane Eyre, Jane, like Mr . Rochester, has to undergo a series of physical and moral tests to grow up and achieve the final happiness. So it is a moral fable.
These morals are the following: man’s life is composed o f perpetual battle between sin and virtue, good and evil. Women’s happiness arises from the sacrifice of self or some human weakness
overcome.
10.In what way is Jane Eyre different from other women of her time?(P.259)
11. Analyze the character of Jane Eyre based on the selection taken from Chapter X X Ⅲ
of Jane Eyre.
A. Jane Eyre, an orphan child with a fiery spirit and a longing to love and be loved, a poor, plain, little governess who dares to love her master.
B. In Chapter X X Ⅲ, Jane finds herself hopelessly in love with Mr. Rochester but she is aware that her love is out of the question. When forced to confront Mr. Rochester, she desperately and open?ly declares her equality with him and her love for him.
12. Why are naturalists inevitably pessimistic in their view?
Please discuss the above question in relation to the basic principles of literary naturalism.
A. They accept the negative implication of Darwin’s theory of evolution, and believe that society is a "jungle" where survival struggles go on.
B. They believe that man’s instinct, the envir onment and other social and economic forces play an overwhelming role and man’s fate is "determined" by such forces beyond his control.
13.What is Naturalism? Please name two naturalist writers and their representative works.
Under the deep influence of Darwinism and the French naturalism, American naturalism sticks to the principle of “ the survival of the fittest” and attributes human life or conditions to the determinants of inherited instincts and social environment. Being victims of society and nature, those heroes battle on towards their natural desires down the life stream, but they are doomed to fail in control of their own fate without any freedom of choice.
Hardy Tess of the D’Urbervilles. Dreiser Sister Carrie
14..Sum up the general theme of the novel Tess of the D’Urbervilles. In what way is the novel a naturalistic work?/ What are the causes that lead to Tess’ s tragedy?
The theme of the novel is that human are impotent before fate, however he tries and he seldom escapes his ordained destiny.
In this novel, Naturalism play an important part. Tess is a pure woman brought up with the traditional idea of womanly virtues. In a way, Tess seems to be led to her final destruction step by step by Fate. Coincidence adds one “wrong” to another until she is caught up in a dead-end. It reflects naturalists idea that Being victims of society and nature, they are doomed to fail in control of their own fate without any freedom of choice.
Chapter V The Modern Period
1. Discussion: How do you understand t he term “Modernism”? And in what way is it different from the realism? (P.313 第2段)
2. What general mood of the modern Western world is profoundly expressed in the single poem The Waste Land? P.360
3.Please describe the psychological development of Paul, the hero of Sons and Lovers.(P.376)
4. Discuss the possible theme in W.B. Yeats's “The Lake Isle of Innisfree” and how that theme is presented in the poem.
The major themes in Yeats's peoms are usually Celtic legends ,local folktales,or stories of the heroic in Irish history. Many of his early poems have a dream quality,expressing
melancholy,passive and self-indulgent feelings.But ina number of poems, Yeats has achieved suggestive pattern of meaning by a careful countpointing of contrasting indeas or images like human and fairy, natural and artifical,domestic and wild ,and ephermral and permanent. "Innisfree" is just a popula representative fo such peomss; around a "fairlyland" background,the peom is imagery give the peom a haunting quality. The charity and control of the peotry is very delicate with natural imagery,dream-like atmospher and musical beauty. The possible theme is that tired of the life of his day, Yeats sought to escape into an ideal "fairlyland" where he could live calmy as a herimit and enjoy the beauty of nature. The peam consists of three quatrains of iambic pentameter ,with each stanza rhymed abab.Innisfree is an inlet in the lake in Irish lengends. Here the author is referring to a place for hermitage.
5. " Though his fair daughter' s self, as I avowed
At starting, is my object. Nay, we' 11 go
Together down, sir. Notice Neptune, though,
Taming a sea horse, though a rarity,
Which Claus of Innsbruck cast in bronze for me!"
The lines above are taken from Robert Browning' s "My Last Duchess. "Taking the whole poem into consideration, what kind of person do you think the duke is?
A. His apparent intelligence, excellent taste for art superiority and aristocratic manners are paradoxical.
B. hispride，jealousy and brutality.
7. It is said that B. Shaw's play, Mrs. Warren's Profession, has a strong realistic theme, which fully reflects the dramatist's Fabianist idea. Try to summarize this theme briefly.
The play deals with the themes of prostiution as a big bussiness in the bourgeois society . The play launches possibly the sharpest and the bitterest attack ever made by Shaw upon the very foundation of the "civilized" capitalist world.
The play hits the very heart of capitalism as a social system according to which economic exploitation is not only considered the legitimate thing adopted everywhere but is pursued shamelessly by "dignified"members of the society through the lowest and the dirtiest means.
50. A. Rose, as a symbol of love, may refer to the love between Emily and the Northerner, yet used rath?er ironically, in the way it is associated with decay and death in the story.
B. Rose could also stand for the pity, sympathy, or the lament" we "shows for Emily.
C. The pity and lament goes not only to Emily but all those who are imprisoned in the past and fail to adapt to the change.
D. Discuss in relation to the story.
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2018年自学《英国文学选读》试题及答案
2018年自学《英国文学选读》试题及答案 1. What are Shakespeare ’s achievements? a. Shakespeare represented the trend of history in giving voice to de desires and aspirations of the people. b. Shakespeare’s humanism: more important than his historical sense of his time, Shakespeare in his plays reflects the spirit of his age. c. Shakespeare’s characterization: Shakespeare was most successful in his characterization. In his plays he described a great number of characters. d. Shakespeare’s originality: Shakespeare drew most of his materials from sources that were known to his audienc e. But his plays are original because he instilled into the old materials a new spirit that gives new life to his plays. e. Shakespeare as a great poet: Shakespeare was not only a great dramatist, but also a great poet. Apart from his sonnets and long poems, his dramas are poetry. f. Shakespeare as master of the English language. 2. What are the basic characteristics of ballads? a. The beginning is often abrupt. b. There are strong dramatic elements. c. The story is often told through dialogue and action. d. The theme is often tragic, though there are a number of comic
英国文学史及选读 复习要点总结
《英国文学史及选读》第一册复习要点 1. Beowulf: national epic of the English people; Denmark story; alliteration, metaphors and understatements （此处可能会有填空，选择等小题） 2. Romance （名词解释） 3. “Sir Gawain and the Green Knight”: a famous roman about King Arthur’s story 4. Ballad（名词解释） 5. Character of Robin Hood 6. Geoffrey Chaucer: founder of English poetry; The Canterbury Tales (main contents; 124 stories planned, only 24 finished; written in Middle English; significance; form: heroic couplet) 7. Heroic couplet (名词解释)8. Renaissance（名词解释）9.Thomas More——Utopia 10. Sonnet（名词解释）11. Blank verse（名词解释）12. Edmund Spenser “The Faerie Queene” 13. Francis Bacon “essays” esp. “Of Studies”（推荐阅读，学习写正式语体的英文文章的好参照，本文用词正式优雅，多排比句和长句，语言造诣非常高，里面很多话都可以引用做格言警句，非常值得一读） 14. William Shakespeare四大悲剧比较重要，此外就是罗密欧与朱立叶了，这些剧的主题，背景，情节，人物形象都要熟悉，当然他最重要的是Hamlet这是肯定的。他的sonnet也很重要，最重要属sonnet18。（其戏剧中著名对白和几首有名的十四行诗可能会出选读） 15. John Milton 三大史诗非常重要，特别是Paradise Lost和Samson Agonistes。对于Paradise Lost需要知道它是blank verse写成的，故事情节来自Old Testament，另外要知道此书theme和Satan的形象。 16. John Bunyan——The Pilgrim’s Progress 17. Founder of the Metaphysical school——John Donne; features of the school: philosophical poems, complex rhythms and strange images. 18. Enlightenment（名词解释） 19. Neoclassicism（名词解释） 20. Richard Steele——“The Tatler” 21. Joseph Addison——“The Spectator”这个比上面那个要重要，注意这个报纸和我们今天的报纸不一样，它虚构了一系列的人物，以这些人物的口气来写报纸上刊登的散文，这一部分要仔细读。 22. Steel’s and Addison’s styles and their contributions 23. Alexander Pope: “Essay on Criticism”, “Essay on Man”, “The Rape of Lock”, “The Dunciad”; his workmanship (features) and limitations 24. Jonathan Swift: “Gulliver’s Travels”此书非常重要，要知道具体内容，就是Gulliver游历过的四个地方的英文名称，和每个部分具体的讽刺对象; （我们主要讲了三个地方）“A Modest Proposal”比较重要，要注意作者用的irony 也就是反讽手法。 25. The rise and growth of the realistic novel is the most prominent achievement of 18th century English literature. 26. Daniel Defoe: “Robinson Crusoe”, “Moll Flanders”, 当然是Robinson Crusoe比较重要，剧情要清楚，Robinson Crusoe的形象和故事中蕴涵的早期黑奴的原形，以及殖民主义的萌芽。另外注意Defoe的style和feature，另外Defoe是forerunner of English realistic novel。 27. Samuel Richardson——“Pamela” (first epistolary novel), “Clarissa Harlowe”, “Sir Charles Grandison” 28. Henry Fielding: “Joseph Andrews”, “Jonathan Wild”, “Tom Jones”第一个和第三个比较重要，需要仔细看。他是一个比较重要的作家，另外Fielding也被称为father of the English novel. 29. Laurence Sterne——“Tristram Shandy”项狄传 30. Richard Sheridan——“The School for Scandal” 31. Oliver Goldsmith——“The Traveller”(poem), “The Deserted V illage” (poem) (both two poems were written by heroic couplet), “The Vicar of Wakefield” (novel), “The Good-Natured Man” (comedy), “She stoops to Conquer” (comedy),
2014-2015英国文学史及选读期末试题B
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班级_________________学号姓名考试科目英美文学史及作品选读【（1）】B卷闭卷共 5 页 学生答题不得超过此线····································密························封························线································
英国文学试题答案
英国文学选读样题答案 一、选择题（本大题共15小题，每小题1分，总计15分） 1---5 ABCCC 6---10 ABBAB 11---15 BBAAC 二、填空（本大题共10小题，每小题2分，总计20分） 1．Heroic 2 comedies 3. couplet 4. metaphysical poetry 5. Eve 6. My Luve’s Like a Red, Red, Rose 7.Houyhnynms 8. Coleridge 9. Odes 10. Emily Bronte 三、诗歌分析（本大题共4个小题，每小题分值见各小题，共20分） 1．William Wordsworth; I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud 2．Iambic tetrameter; ababcc ababcc 3. The waves beside them danced; but they _ / _ / _ / - / Out-did | the spark|ling waves | in glee: _ / _ / _ _ _ / A po|et could |not but |be gay, _ / _/ _ / _ _ In such | a jo|cund com|pany: _ / _ / _ / _ / I gazed--|and gazed-|-but lit|tle thought _ / _ / _ / _ / What wealth |the show |to me |had brought: 4. 水波在边上欢舞，但水仙 比闪亮的水波舞得更乐； 有这样快活的朋友做伴， 诗人的心儿被欢愉充塞； 我看了又看，却没领悟 这景象给了我什么财富。（黄杲炘） 四、小说分析（本大题共5个小题，每小题分值见每小题，共20分） 1.Jane Eyre; Sharlotte Bronte 2.He had a mad wife who set the building on fire and climbed to the roof of the building. He tried to save her. But the staircase broke and he fell down He was wounded and became blind. 3.When Jane knew that Mr. Rochester had a wife. She was surprised and fled from Thornfield. Mr. Rochester was very sad at it.
(完整word版)吴伟仁--英国文学史及选读--名词解释
①Beowulf: The national heroic epic of the English people. It has over 3,000 lines. It describes the battles between the two monsters and Beowulf, who won the battle finally and dead for the fatal wound. The poem ends with the funeral of the hero. The most striking feature in its poetical form is the use if alliteration. Other features of it are the use of metaphors(暗喻) and of understatements(含蓄). ②Alliteration: In alliterative verse, certain accented(重音) words in a line begin with the same consonant sound(辅音). There are generally 4accents in a line, 3 of which show alliteration, as can be seen from the above quotation. ③Romance: The most prevailing(流行的) kind of literature in feudal England was the Romance. It was a long composition, sometimes in verse(诗篇), sometimes in prose(散文), describing the life and adventures of a noble hero, usually a knight, as riding forth to seek adventures, taking part in tournament(竞赛), or fighting for his lord in battle and the swearing of oaths. ④Epic: An epic is a lengthy narrative poem, ordinarily concerning a serious subject containing details of heroic deeds and events significantly to a culture or nation. The first epics are known as primacy, or original epics. ⑤Ballad: The most important department of English folk literature is the ballad which is a story told in song, usually in 4-line stanzas(诗节), with the second and fourth lines rhymed. The subjects of ballads are various in kind, as the struggle of young lovers against their feudal-minded families, the conflict between love and wealth, the cruelty of jealousy, the criticism of the civil war, and the matters and class struggle. The paramount(卓越的) important ballad is Robin Hood(《绿林好汉》). ⑥Geoffrey Chaucer杰弗里.乔叟: He was an English author, poet, philosopher and diplomat. He is the founder of English poetry. He obtained a good knowledge of Latin, French and Italian. His best remembered narrative is the Canterbury Tales(《坎特伯雷故事集》), which the Prologue(序言) supplies a miniature(缩影) of the English society of Chaucer’s time. That is why Chaucer has been called “the founder of English realism”. Chaucer affirms men and women’s right to pursue their happiness on earth and opposes(反对) the dogma of asceticism(禁欲主义) preached(鼓吹) by the church. As a forerunner of humanism, he praises man’s energy, intellect, quick wit and love of life. Chaucer’s contribution to English poetry lies chiefly in the fact that he introduced from France the rhymed stanza of various types, especially the rhymed couplet of 5 accents in iambic(抑扬格) meter(the “heroic couplet”) to English poetry, instead of the old Anglo-Saxon alliterative verse. ⑦【William Langland威廉.朗兰: Piers the Plowman《农夫皮尔斯》】
英国文学史期末复习重点
英国文学史 Part one: Early and Medieval English Literature Chapter 1 The Making of England 1. The early inhabitants in the island now we call England were Britons, a tribe of Gelts. 2. In 55 B.C., Britain was invaded by Julius Caesar. The Roman occupation lasted for about 400 years. It was also during the Roman role that Christianity was introduced to Britain. And in 410 A.D., all the Roman troops went back to the continent and never returned. 3. The English Conquest At the same time Britain was invaded by swarms of pirates（海盗）. They were three tribes from Northern Europe: the Angles, Saxons and Jutes. And by the 7th century these small kingdoms were combined into a United Kingdom called England, or, the land of Angles. And the three dialects spoken by them naturally grew into a single language called Anglo -Saxon, or Old English. 4. The Social Condition of the Anglo -Saxon Therefore, the Anglo -Saxon period witnessed a transition from tribal society to feudalism. 5. Anglo -Saxon Religious Belief and Its Influence The Anglo -Saxons were Christianized in the seventh century. Chapter 2 Beowulf 1. Anglo -Saxon Poetry But there is one long poem of over 3,000 lines. It is Beowulf, the national epic of the English people. Grendel is a monster described in Beowulf. 3. Analysis of Its Content Beowulf is a folk lengend brought to England by Anglo -Saxons from their continental homes. It had been passed from mouth to mouth for hundreds of years before it was written down in the tenth century. 4. Features of Beowulf The most striking feature in its poetical form is the use of alliteration, metaphors and understatements. Chapter 3 Feudal England 1）T he Norman Conquest 2. The Norman Conquest The French -speaking Normans under Duke William came in 1066. After defeating the English at Hastings, William was crowned as King of England. The Norman Conquest marks the establishment of feudalism in England.
英国文学练习题及答案
1.The national epic of the Anglo-Saxons is ____. A Robin Hood B Sir Gawain and the Green Knight C The Canterbury Tales D Beowulf 2. ____was the most outstanding single romance on the Arthurian legend written in alliterative verse. A The Canterbury Tales B Piers the Plowman C Sir Gawain and the Green Knight D Beowulf 3. ____was famous for The Canterbury Tales. A Geoffrey Chaucer B John Milton C William Shakespeare D Francis Bacon 4. Most of the ballads of the 15th century focused on the legend about ____ as a heroic figure. A Green Nights B Gawain C Robin Hood D Hamlet 5.In the 16th century, Thomas More’s work ____became immediately popular after its publication. A Paradise Lost B A Pleasant Satire of the Three Estates C Of Studies D Utopia 6. ____was Edmund Spencer’s masterpiece which has been regarded as one of the grea t poems in the English language. A Amoretti B The Shepherd’s Calendar C The Faerie Queene D Four Hymns 7. ____ is from Shakespeare’s sonnet No.18. A “Let me not to the marriage of true minds” B “To be or not to be: that is the question” C “Shall I compare thee to a summer’s day” D “No longer mourn for me when I am dead” 8. _____, the “father of English poetry” and one of the greatest narrative poets of England, was born in London about 1340. A. Geoffrey Chaucer B. Sir Gawain C. Francis Bacon D. John Dryden 9.The four great tragedies written by Shakespeare are Hamlet, Macbeth, Othello and ___ _. A. Antony and Cleopatra B. Julius Caesar C Twelfth Night D King Lear 10. Which of the following does not belong to Shakespeare’s romantic love comedies? A Twelfth Night B The Tempest C As You Like It D The Merchant of Venice D C A C D C C A D B 1. All of the following are the most eminent dramatists in the Renaissance England except______.
英国文学史复习资料(三年级专业生期末考试必备)[1] (1)
英国文学史资料British Writers and Works I. Old English Literature & The Late Medieval Ages
英国文学试题
1．{The Isles of Greece} QUESTIONS: 1. Who is the writer of these lines? Byron 2. It is taken from the writer's masterpiece entitled ___ "Don Juan"_________. 3. Who is "Sappho" in line 2? Sappho is an ancient Greek poetess , known for her passionate love lyrics. 4. Who is "Phoebus" in line 4? It's Apollo, the Greek Sun-god. 5. Whom does the "Scian muse" refer to? Homer, because Scio claimed to be the birthplace of Homer. 6. What does the whole section "The Isles of Greece" write about? The section "The Isles of Greece" is among Byron's most effective poetical utterances on national freedom. All the 16 stanzas are supposed to have been sung by a Greek singer at the wedding feast of Don Juan and Haidee on the isle of Greece. In the song, by contrasting the freedom enjoyed by the Greek ancient people with the enslavement of the early 19th century Greeks under the Turkish rule, the poet calls on the Greeks to struggle for their national freedom and liberation. 7. This selection consists of two six-lined stanzas of iambic tetrameter, with a rime scheme of ___ Ababcc__________ What does the poem mainly write about? This poem is about the beauty of nature. There is a vivid picture of the daffodils, mixed with the poet’s philosophical and somewhat mystical thoughts. What is the rime scheme in each stanza? ababcc 2．I wandered lonely as a cloud 1.What does the poem mainly write about? This poem is about the beauty of nature. There is a vivid picture of the daffodils, mixed with the po et’s philosophical and somewhat mystical thoughts. 2.What is the rime scheme in each stanza? ababcc 3. What is the poet’s view on nature? And how is that view shown in this poem? Wordsworth’s conception of nature is that nature has a lot to do with man, it can not only refresh one’s soul and fill one with happiness, but it can also be reduced into a beautiful memory which will comfort one’s heart when in solitude. In the narrative poem, the poet successfully compared his loneliness with the happy daffodils. The daffodils, the symbol of the nature, bring great joy and relief to the speaker. The diction of this poem is, in general, simple, direct, and clear. The image of the daffodils conveys qualities of movement and radiance through carefully chosen words. At first sight, the flowers are seen as “fluttering and dancing”; then the poet compares the flowers to the “stars that shine and twinkle on the milky way”, and then to the “sparkling waves” of a nearby lake. The daffodils are described as “golden”, not yellow, because “golden” suggests more than a color; it connotes light. These words of movement and radiance create a picture of nature as vital, animated, and glowing. Words for joy (glee, sprightly, gay, jocund, bliss) are used in a crescendo that suggests the intensity of the speaker’s happiness.
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