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重庆大学基础英语2013.1B试卷及答案

重庆大学基础英语2013.1B试卷及答案
重庆大学基础英语2013.1B试卷及答案

重庆大学硕士研究生《英语 》课程试卷

2012 ~2013 学年 第 一 学期(春、秋)

开课学院: 课程编号: 考试日期:

考试方式:

考试时间: 120 分钟

硕士生B 类答题纸 英语班次:_______________ Answer Sheet

Part I. Reading Comprehension ( 40 points, 1-15 30points; 16-25 10points)

1. ( )

2. ( )

3. ( )

4. ( )

5. ( )

6. ( )

7. ( )

8. ( )

9. ( ) 10. ( ) 11. ( ) 12. ( ) 13. ( ) 14. ( ) 15. ( )

16. ( ) 17. ( ) 18. ( ) 19. ( ) 20. ( )

21.( ) 22.( ) 23.( ) 24.( ) 25.( )

Part II. Translation from English to Chinese ( 20 points)

Part III. Translation from Chinese to English ( 20 points )

Part IV . Writing ( 20 points)

(请写在背面,Please write your composition on the reverse side.)

命题(组题)人:黄萍

李雁

审题人: 黄萍

命题时间:

2012.12

研究生院制

学院 专业(领域) 类别 ( 学术 、专业 ) 学号 姓名

线

重庆大学硕士研究生《英语》课程试卷

2012~2013 学年第一学期

硕士生B类

Part I: Reading Comprehension 40%

Directions: Read the following passages carefully and then select the best answer from the four choices given to answer the questions or to complete the statements that follow each passage. Write your answer on your Answer Sheet.

Passage One

Psychologists agree that I.Q. contributes only about 20 percent of the factors that determine success. A full 80 percent comes from other factors,including what I call emotional intelligence. Following are two of the major qualities that make up emotional intelligence,and how they can be developed:

1. Self-awareness. The ability to recognize a feeling as it happens is the keystone of emotional intelligence. People with greater certainty about their emotions are better pilots of their lives.

Developing self-awareness requires tuning in to what neurologist Antonio Damasio calls ―gut feelings‖。Gut feelings can occur without a person being consciously aware of them. For example,when people who fear snakes are shown a picture of a snake,sensors on their skin will detect sweat,a sign of anxiety,even though the people say they do not feel fear. The sweat shows up even when a picture is presented so rapidly that the subject has no conscious awareness of seeing it.

Through deliberate effort we can become more aware of our gut feelings. Take someone who is annoyed by a rude encounter for hours after it occurred. He may be unaware of his irritability and surprised when someone calls attention to it. But if he evaluates his feelings, he can change them.

Emotional self-awareness is the building block of the next fundamental of emotional intelligence:being able to shake off a bad mood.

2. Mood Management. Bad as well as good moods spice life and build character. The key is balance. We often have little control over when we are swept by emotion. But we can have some say in how long that emotion will last. Psychologist Dianne Tice asked more than 400 men and women about their strategies for escaping foul moods. Her research,along with that of other psychologists,provides valuable information on how to change a bad mood.

Of all the moods that people want to escape,rage seems to be the hardest to deal with. When someone in another car cuts you off on the highway,your reflexive though may be,That jerk!He could have hit me!I can't let him get away with that!The more you stew,the angrier you get. Such is the stuff of hypertension and reckless driving.

What should you do to relieve rage?One myth is that ventilating will make you feel better. In fact,researchers have found that's one of the worst strategies. A more effective technique is ―reframing‖,which means consciously reinterpreting a situation in a more positive light. In the case of the driver who cuts you off,you might tell yourself:Maybe he had some emergency. This is one of the most potent ways, Tice found,to put anger to rest.

Going off alone to cool down is also an effective way to refuse anger, especially if you can't think clearly. Tice found that a large proportion of men cool down by going for a drive—a finding that inspired her to drive more defensively. A safer alternative is exercise, such as taking a long walk. Whatever you do,don't waste the time pursuing your train of angry thoughts. Your aim should be to distract yourself.

The techniques of reframing and distraction can alleviate depression and anxiety as well as anger. Add to them such relaxation techniques as deep breathing and meditation and you have an arsenal of weapons against bad moods.

1. What are gut feelings?

A. They are feelings one is born with.

B. They are feelings one may be unaware of.

C. They are feelings of fear and anxiety.

D. They are feelings felt by sensible people.

2. According to the author,the importance of knowing one's gut feelings is that

A. one can develop them.

B. one can call others' attention to them.

C. one may get rid of them.

D. one may control them.

3. The word ―spice‖ in paragraph Six is closest in meaning to

A. add interest to

B. lengthen.

C. make dull

D. bring into existence.

4. On mood control, the author seems to suggest that we

A. can control the occurrence of mood.

B. are often unaware of what mood we are in.

C. can determine the duration of mood.

D. lack strategies for controlling moods.

5. The essence of ―reframing‖ is

A. to forget the unpleasant situation.

B. to adopt a positive attitude.

C. to protect oneself properly.

D. to avoid road accidents.

Passage Two

The case for college has been accepted without question for more than a generation. All high school graduates ought to go, says conventional wisdom and statistical evidence, because college will help them earn more money, become "better" people, and learn to be more responsible citizens than those who don't go.

But college has never been able to work its magic for everyone. And now that close to half our high school graduates are attending, those who don't fit the pattern are becoming more numerous, and more obvious. College graduates are selling shoes and driving taxis; college students interfere with each other's experiments and write false letters of recommendation in the intense competition for admission to graduate school. Other find no stimulation in their studies, and drop out—often encouraged by college administrators.

Some observers say the fault is with the young people themselves—they are spoiled and they are expecting too much. But that is a condemnation of the students as a whole, and doesn't explain all campus unhappiness. Others blame the state of the world, and they are partly right. We have been told that young people have to go to college because our economy can't absorb an army of untrained

eighteen-year-olds. But disappointed graduates are learning that it can no longer absorb an army of trained twenty-two-year-olds, either.

Some adventuresome educators and watchers have openly begun to suggest that college may not be the best, the proper, the only place for every young person after the completion of high school. We may have been looking at all those surveys and statistics upside down, it seems, and through the rosy glow of our own remembered college experiences. Perhaps college doesn't make people intelligent, ambitious, happy, liberal, or quick to learn things—may it is just the other way around, and intelligent, ambitious, happy, liberal, quick-learning people are merely the ones who have been attracted to college in the first place. And perhaps all those successful college graduates would have been successful whether they had gone to college or not. This is heresy to those of us who have been brought up to believe that if a little schooling is good, more has to be much better. But contrary evidence is beginning to mount up.

6. According to the author, ___.

A. people used to question the value of college education.

B. people used to have full confidence in higher education.

C. all high school graduates went to college.

D. very few high school graduates chose to go to college.

7. In the 2nd paragraph, "those who don't fit the pattern" refer to___.

A. high school graduates who aren't suitable for college education.

B. college graduates who are selling shoes and driving taxis.

C. college students who aren't any better for their higher education.

D. high school graduates who failed to be admitted to college.

8. The dropout rate of college students seems to go up because___.

A. young people are disappointed with the conventional way of teaching at college.

B. many people are required to join the army.

C. young people have little motivation in pursuing a higher education.

D. young people don't like the intense competition for admission to graduate school.

9. According to the passage, the problems of college education partly originate in the fact that___.

A .society cannot provide enough jobs for properly trained graduates.

B. High school graduates do not fit the pattern of college education.

C. Too many students have to earn their own living.

D. College administrators encourage students to drop out.

10. In this passage the author argues that___.

A. college education is not enough if one wants to be successful.

B. college education benefits only the intelligent, ambitious, and

quick-learning people.

C. intelligent people may learn quicker if they don't go to college.

D. more and more evidence shows college education may not be the best thing for high school graduates.

Passage Three

A controversy erupted in the scientific community in early 1998 over the use of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid ) fingerprinting in criminal investigations. DNA fingerprinting was introduced in 1987 as a method to identify individuals based on a pattern seen in their DNA, the molecule of which genes are made. DNA is present in every cell of the body except red blood cells. DNA fingerprinting has been used successfully in various ways, such as to determine paternity where it is not clear who the father of a particular child is. However, it is in the area of criminal investigations that DNA fingerprinting has potentially powerful and controversial uses.

DNA fingerprinting and other DNA analysis techniques have revolutionized criminal investigations by giving investigators powerful new tools in the attempt to trove guilt, not just establish innocence. When used in criminal investigations, a DNA fingerprint pattern from a suspect is compared with a DNA fingerprint pattern obtained from such material as hairs or blood found at the scene of a crime. A match between the two DNA samples can be used as evidence to convict a suspect.

The controversy in 1998 stemmed form a report published in December 1991 by population geneticists Richard C. Lewontin of Harvard University in Cambridge, Mass., and Daniel L. Hartl called into question the methods to calculate how likely it is that a match between two DNA fingerprints might occur by chance alone. In particular, they argued that the current method cannot properly determine the likelihood that two DNA samples will match because they came from the same individual rather than simply from two different individuals who are members of the same ethnic group. Lewontin and Hartl called for better surveys of DNA patterns methods are adequate.

In response to their criticisms, population geneticists Ranajit Chakraborty of the University of Texas in Dallas and Kenneth K.Kidd of Yale University in New Haven, Conn., argued that enough data are already available to show that the methods currently being used are adequate. In January 1998, however, the federal Bureau of Investigation and laboratories that conduct DNA tests announced that

they would collect additional DNA samples form various ethnic groups in an attempt to resolve some of these questions. And, in April, a National Academy of Sciences called for strict standards and system of accreditation for DNA testing laboratories.

11. Before DNA fingerprinting is used, suspects____.

A. would have to leave their fingerprints for further investigations

B. would have to submit evidence for their innocence

C. could easily escape conviction of guilt

D. cold be convicted of guilt as well

12. DNA fingerprinting can be unreliable when ____.

A .the methods used for blood- cell calculation are not accurate

B. two different individuals of the same ethnic group may have the same DNA fingerprinting pattern

C. a match is by chance left with fingerprints that happen to belong to two different individuals

D. two different individuals leave two DNA samples.

13. To geneticists like Lewontin and Hartl, the current method ____.

A. is not so convincing as to exclude the likelihood that two DNA samples can never come from two individuals

B. is arguable because two individuals of the same ethnic group are likely to have the same DNA pattern.

C. is not based on adequate scientific theory of genetics

D. is theoretically contradictory to what they have been studying

14. The attitude of the Federal Bereau of Investigation shows that ____.

A. enough data are yet to be collected form various ethnic groups to confirm the unlikelihood of two DNA samples coming from two individual members

B. enough data of DNA samples should be collected to confirm that only DNA samples form the same person can match

C. enough data are yet to be collected from various ethnic groups to determine the likelihood of two different DNA samples coming form the same person 来

D. additional samples from various ethnic groups should be collected to determine that two DNA samples are unlikely to come from the same person

15. National Academy of Sciences holds the stance that ____.

A. DNA testing should be systematized

B. Only authorized laboratories can conduct DNA testing

C. the academy only is authorized to work out standards for testing

D. the academy has the right to accredit laboratories for DNA testing Passage Four

A. ?Consumer behavior‘ is the behavior that consumers display in seeking, purchasing, using, evaluating and disposing of products and services that they expect will satisfy their personal needs. The study of consumer behavior is the study of how individuals make decisions to spend their available resources (money, time and effort) on products and services. Consumer behavior includes both mental decisions and the physical actions that result from those decisions. Although some social scientists limit their understanding of ?behavior‘ to observable actions, it is apparent that the reasons and decisions behind the actions involved in human (and consumer) behavior are as important to investigate as the actions themselves.

B. People engage in activities for many purposes other than consumption but, when acting as a customer, individuals have just one goal in mind – to obtain goods and services that meet their needs and wants. All consumers face varying problems associated with acquiring products to sustain life and provide for some comforts. Because solutions to these problems are vital to the existence of most people, and the economic well-being of all, they are usually not taken lightly. The process is complex, as choices must be made regarding what, why, how, when, where and how often to buy an item.

C. Take, for instance, the product bottled water – a multimillion-dollar industry. A study of consumption behavior in this area would investigate what kinds of consumers buy bottled water, and why, when and where they buy it. The study might find that, among some consumers, the growing use of bottled water is tied to

concerns with fitness; and, among others, with the quality of tap water. It might find that domestic brands have a totally different image from imported brands, and that the reasons and occasions for usage vary among consumers. By contrast, a more durable product such as a document scanner would have a very different target market. What kinds of consumers buy, or would buy, a scanner for home use? What features do they look for? How much are they willing to pay? How many will wait for prices to come down? The answers to these questions can be found through consumer research, and would provide scanner manufacturers with important input for product design modification and marketing strategy.

D. The word ?consumer‘ is often used to describe two different kinds of consuming entities; the personal consumer and the organizational consumer. The personal consumer buys goods and services for his or her own use (e.g. shaving cream), for the use of the whole household (television set), for another member of the household (a shirt or electronic game) or as a gift for a friend (a book). In all these contexts, the goods are bought for final use by individuals who are referred to as ?end-users‘ or ?ultimate consumers‘.

E.The second category of consumer includes profit and non-profit businesses, public sector agencies (local and national) and institutions (schools, churches, prisons), all of which buy products, equipment and services in order to run their organizations. Manufacturing companies must buy the raw materials and other components to manufacture and sell their products; service companies must buy the equipment necessary to render the services they sell; government agencies buy the office products needed to operate agencies; institutions must buy the materials they need to maintain themselves and their populations.

F. The person who purchases a product is not always the sole user of the product. Nor is the purchaser necessarily the person who makes the decision or pays for the product. Thus the marketplace activities of individuals entail three functions, or roles, as part of the processes involved in consumer behavior. The three functions are the consumer, the person who consumes or uses the product or service; the purchaser, the person who undertakes the activities to obtain the product or service; and the payer, the person who provides the money or other object of value to obtain the product or service. Marketers must decide whom to direct their marketing efforts toward. For some products or services, they must identify the person who is most likely to influence the decision. Some marketers believe that the buyer of the products is the best prospect, others believe it is the user of the product, while still others play it safe by directing their promotional efforts to both buyers and users. For example, some toy manufacturers advertise their products on children‘s television shows to reach the users, others advertise in magazines to reach the buyers, and others run dual campaigns designed to reach both children and their parents.

G. In addition to studying how consumers use the products they buy, consumer researchers are also interested in how individuals dispose of their once-new purchases when they are finished with them. The answer to this question is important to marketers, as they must match production to the frequency with which consumers buy replacements. It is also important to society as a whole, as solid waste disposal has become a major environmental problem that marketers must address in their development of products and packaging. Recycling is no longer a sufficient response to the problem. Many manufacturers have begun to remanufacture old components to install in new products, because remanufacturing is often cheaper, easier and more efficient than recycling

Reading Passage4 has seven paragraphs: A–G. Which paragraph contains the following information? Write the correct letter, A–G, on your answer sheet (item 16-20).

16. a description of the organizational consumer

17. the reason why customers take purchasing decisions seriously

18. reference to a way of re-using materials

19. ways of exposing products to a range of potential customers

20. a term used to describe someone who buys for the family

Complete the summary below. Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from the passage for each answer. Write your answers on your answer sheet (item 21-25).

Part II. Translation from English to Chinese 20%

Directions:Put the following passage into Chinese. Write your answer on your Answer Sheet.

Classroom climate is important. If students experience the classroom as a caring, supportive place where there is a sense of belonging and everyone is valued and respected, they will tend to participate more fully in the process of learning. Various task dimensions can also foster motivation to learn. Ideally, tasks should be challenging but achievable. Relevance also promotes motivation, as does ―contextualizing‖ learning, that is, helping students to see how skills can be applied in the real world. Tasks that involve ―a modera te amount of discrepancy or incongruity‖ are beneficial because they stimulate students‘ curiosity, an intrinsic motivator.

Part III. Translation from Chinese into English 20% Directions: Put the following Chinese into English. Write your answer on your Answer Sheet.

在现代社会,尽管社会进步,物质丰富,人们总感到有些地方不对劲,但却又难以明确地指出到底问题出在哪儿。空虚,没有归属感,缺乏稳定的社会关系似乎都成为人们略感不快的来由。人们对于快乐这个棘手的话题,似乎都有共识:若问及人们生活怎样,他们会谈及他们的家人、工作等而非仅仅是回答他们的薪水多少。对他们而言,生活的质量比薪水的数量更加重要。

Part IV. Writing 20%

Directions: You are to write an email of about 150 words on the following topic. Write your composition on your Answer Sheet.

情景:现有一家企业正在招聘,招聘岗位非常适合自己,请你去信询问相关内容,内容必须包括

1. 说明你写信的原因及目的;

2. 说明你需要这份工作的理由;

3. 询问该岗位的职责所在;

4. 询问所需岗位的条件及要求;

5. 其它你认为需要询问的事项

硕士生B类答案

Part I. Reading Comprehension ( 40 points: 1-15 30points;16-25 10points )

1. ( B )

2. ( D )

3. ( A )

4. ( C )

5. ( B )

6. ( B )

7. ( C )

8. ( C )

9. ( A ) 10. ( D)

11. ( C) 12. ( B ) 13. ( A ) 14. ( B) 15. ( B )

16. ( E) 17. ( B) 18. ( G) 19. ( F ) 20. ( D)

21. bottled water (must have both words)

22.fitness

23. discover/find

24. imported brands (must have both words)

25.design / features / design features

Part II. Translation from English to Chinese ( 20 points)

(略)

Part III. Translation from Chinese to English ( 20 points )

In modern societies, despite the social progress and prosperity, people always feel that there is something not right. However, it is hard for them to put a finger on it. A feeling of emptiness and not belonging, a lack of defined solid relationship seem to be the sources of unhappiness. People all agree on the great conundrum (puzzling problem) of personal happiness: when asked how they are, they will answer in terms of their family life and work life rather than just what they are paid.

Part IV. Writing ( 20 points) (略)

2018年重庆市小升初数学模拟试题(共7套)详细答案

小升初数学试卷 一、填空 1、2016年全国人口普查,中国人口已达1380507006人,这个数读作________,省略亿位后面的为数是________. 2、48分=________时7.08升=________升________毫升 42600平方米=________公顷50平方米=________平方分米=________平方厘米. 3、如果体重减少2千克记作﹣2千克,那么+2千克表示________2千克. 4、把:0.75化成最简单的整数比是________,它的比值是________. 5、一种商品七五折销售,售价是原价的________%,便宜了原价的________% 6、如果x= y,那么y:x=________:________. 7、一根长2米的圆木,截成五段后,表面积增加5平方厘米,这根圆木原来的体积是________立方厘米. 8、分母是8的所有最简真分数的和是________. 9、工地上有a吨水泥,每天用去2.5吨,用了m天,剩下________吨水泥. 10、一个长方形长5cm,宽3cm,按3:1扩大后的长方形的面积是________平方厘米. 11、一幅地图的比例尺是,那么写成数值比例尺是________. 12、△+□=24,△=□+□+□,求△=________. 13、三个连续奇数的和是n,其中最小的一个是________,最大的一个是________. 14、两点可以确定一条线段,在一条直线上取20个点,最多可以确定________条线段. 二、选一选 15、比例尺是() A、比 B、一个分数 C、比例 16、2016年2月份,阴天比晴天少,雪天比晴天少,这个月晴天有() A、15天 B、10天 C、20天 17、圆柱的底面直径是6分米,高是8分米,与它等底等高的圆锥的体积是()立方分米. A、113.04 B、226.08 C、75.36 18、a÷b=c(a、b、c均为整数,且b≠0),那么a和b的最小公倍数是()

2019年重庆市中考语文试题及答案

2019年重庆市中考语文试卷(B卷) 一、语文知识及运用(30分) 1.下列句子中加点字注音有误 ..的一项是()(3分) A.一把伞,是开在雨中的一朵花;两把伞,就是顺水携行的一枝并蒂.(dì)莲。B.黄昏,漫步林间,常常被一树鸟声,一地落叶,一缕清香绊.(bàn)住脚步。 C.初夏,栀子花开,蝶儿翩飞,翠绿的藤蔓也按捺.(nài)不住爬上白墙的冲动。D.踏着熟悉的林荫道,逝去的日子在眼前流动,往事历历,不觉湿了眼眶.(kuàng)。 2.下列词语书写全部正确的一项是()(3分) A.驯良潮汛文质彬彬眼花瞭乱 B.贻误忠贞沁人心脾鬼鬼祟祟 C.粗拙竣工通霄达旦辗转反侧 D.褒奖揉躏张惶失措千钧一发 3.下列句子中加点词语使用不恰当 ...的一项是()(3分) A.秋风萧瑟,孤独的老屋,寂寞的院子,断壁残垣,枯枝萎叶,一地狼藉 ..。 B.伴着几声鸟鸣踏进林子,几缕阳光从枝叶间洒落,清晨的林间静谧 ..而美好。 C.夜幕下,城市的霓虹灯照亮了四通八达的立交桥,也照亮了鳞次栉比 ....的街道。 D.保持消防安全通道畅通,是最基本的安全常识,部分居民不以为意 ....,照旧乱停乱放。 4.依次填入下面语段横线处的句子,排序正确的一项是()(3分) 哲学,一门深奥晦涩的学科;儿童,一个直接简单的群体。这两者似乎风马牛不相及。_____.______._____._____._____.也因此,不少思想家认为:儿童天生就是哲学家。 ①不少大人都对哲学退避三舍,小孩子就更没办法学。 ②而对世界充满好奇心、爱提问的儿童无时无刻不表现出一种“爱智慧”的天性。 ③因此,不少人初听到“儿童哲学”这个名词时,都觉得不可思议。 ④从这个意义上来说,和大多数对世界司空见惯、冷漠麻木的成人相比,儿童离哲学要近 得多。 ⑤实际上,哲学的本义是“爱智慧”,就是对智慧的热爱与追求。 A.③①⑤②④B.⑤②③①④C.⑤④②①③D.③①②⑤④ 5.请参照画线部分,再补写两个句子。要求:能从不同角度揭示“关怀”的内涵,表送具体形象。(4分) 什么是关怀?在我的字典里,关怀是这样的:它有耳朵,听到叹息和悲伤;,;它有手,拥抱凄冷与孤独;,。 6.名著阅读(6分) (1)下列说法有误 ..的一项是()(3分) A.《无常》里讲到作者在故乡看大戏,戏里的无常颇具人情味。阿嫂死了儿子,十分悲伤,无常同情阿嫂,放其儿子还阳半刻,结果被阎王捆打四十。 B.“这是一个高大身材,长头发,眼球白多黑少的人,看人总像在渺视。”这是鲁迅第一次在日本的同乡会看到的范爱农,当时两人因志趣相投,结为好友。 C.《昆虫记》一书中,法布尔用生动活泼、轻松诙谐的笔调,让笔下的虫子充满了盎然的情趣,体现了作者对自然的热爱尊重。

重庆中考语文试题及答案

重庆中考语文试题及答案

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