Case discuss of abnormal labor
C a s e d i s c u s s
C a s e1
Li ,age26,her chief complaint is amenorrhea for 40 weeks, abdominal pain accompanied bloody discharge for 6 hours. Her menstrual cycle is normal. When missing a menstrual period for 10 days, she has felt nausea and vomiting. she never felt abdominal pain before. 6 hours ago, she felt intermittent abdominal pain, accompanied by vaginal bleeding. The amount of blood is just a little.
Please write the possible diagnosis of this case.
Please write the treatment plan of this case.
Diagnosis basis:
Symptoms: 1. Amenorrhea 2.morning sickness 3.fetal movements
Signs: 1. progressive enlargement of the uterus 2.fetal heart sounds
B-US: BPD 9.5cm, Amniotic fluid volume: moderate,
Au ultrasound scan can assess the growth of the fetus, a possible multiple pregnancy, the location of the placenta and the amount of amniotic fluid.
In this case some tissue is retained, bleeding and pain result. The uterus may be smaller than expected for the period of amenorrhea and the cervix is open. The amount of bleeding varies, but it can be severe enough to provoke hypovolamic shock.
Diagnosis: incomplete abortion
Plan:
the patient should require hospitalization
Type and cross-match for possible blood transfusion
Dilation and curettage should be performed for possible retained tissue. Evacuate the uterus promptly.suction is most effective. Intravenous oxytocin prior to uterine instrumentation decreases the possibility of uterine performation.
Essentials of diagnosis:
Suprapubic pain and uterine cramping
V aginal bleeding
Cervical dilatation
Extrusion of products of conception
Disappearance of symptoms and signs of pregnancy
Nagative pregnancy test or quantitative ?-hcG that is not properly
increasing
Adverse ultrasonic findings (eg,empty gestational sac,fetal disorganization,lack of fetal growthManagement:
The chief risks associated with retained products are hamorrhage and sepsis. Suction curettage of the uterus is usually necessary to remove the remaining products of conception and prevent further bleeding and infection. If the bleeding is severe there may be shock, an intravenous line should be established and blood given. And then perform evacuation.
●Types of abortion:
Threatened abortion
Inevitable abortion
Incomplete abortion
Complete abortion
Missed abortion
Septic abortion
Recurrent abortion
C a s e2A female, 27 years old, she complain amenorrhea of 48 days followed by spotting for 10 days, left-lateral abdominal pain like tearing for 2 hours. then the abdominal pain become severe and diffuse to whole abdomen. She felt dizzy and weakness. And then she was sent to our hospital.
PE: BP90/50mmHg P 110beats/min she was pale. Low abdominal tenderness is positive. The shifting-dullness is positive.
PV:cervix is closed, touched cervix is positive. Uterus is slight enlargement and softness. A mass is palpated on the left adnexa.
assistant test:
urine hCG is positive.
culdcentesis: 5ml non-cloting blood was obtained.
Please write the diagnosis of this case according to the history and examination.
write the scheme of treatment.
Diagnosis:
ectopic pregnancy
Hypovolemic shock
Diagnosis history amenorrhea, irregular bleeding, abdominal pain so on. clinical presentation symptoms; signs: before tubal abortion and rupture it is difficult to diagnose. The physical examination in the patient with ectopic pregnancy depending on whether the gestation is early and unruptured or more advanced and ruptured with a hemoperitoneum. When the patient have internal hemorrhage the symptoms of hypovolemic shock
present. A rapid, feeble pulse may develop along with sweaty and pallid skin, air hunger, restlessness, and anxiety.As hemorrhage continues, the pulse rate rises,the blood pressure falls, the urine flow dimishes, and blood loss anemia develops.
Abdominal examination:Abdominal tenderness is the most common physical finding present in the great majority of cases.The tenderness is classically unilateral and in lower quadrant, rebound tenderness, guarding, and rigidity are usually not present except in those cases with significant hemoperitoneum. However abscence of pertoneal signs should not be used to exclude the diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy.
Pelvic examination:The uterus is normal sized or slightly enlarged in 97% of cases and is often noted to be soft secondary to the effects of placental. Addintionally, cul-de-sac fullness may be noted with hemoperitoneum pooling posterior to the uterus. The extreme tenderness on fornix palpation or movement of the cervix; the uterus floats as if in water.
other test and examnition pregnancy tests pregnancy tests currently are not useful in diagnosing a tubal pregnancy. A positive test does not guratee that the pregnancy is in the tuve, nor does a negative test rule out the possibility. Characteristically,serum levels of hCG are lower with tubal pregnancy than with intrauterine pregnancy.
ultrasonography Ultrasound scan is helpful in making the diagnosis of tubal pregancy. If a gestational sac is found intrauterine cavitythe tubal pregancy rule out. In general,it is rarely for pregnancy in tubal and in uterine meantime. If a typical gestational sac is identified out the uterus,a direct diagnosis can be made.
culdo’centesis It is the simplest and most widely used of the other diagnostic methods. It’s purpose is to determine the presence or absence of blood in the pelvic cavity. After the cervix is stabilized with a tenaculum, a needle is inserted through the mucosa of the posterior fornix directly into the cul-de-sac. Aspiration is then attempted. Free bloody fluid is consistent with the diagnosis of intaperitoneal hemorrhage.Intraperitoneal bleeding or a cul-de-sac hematoma can be detected by needle culdocentesis, which can be performed in the outpatient or hopital examining room.A needle is inserted through the posterior fornix of the vagina about 1cm behind the point at which the vaginal wall joins the cervix. If dark or bright red blood flows freely through the needli,the presence of intraperitoneal bleeding is confirmed. If only a small amount of bright red blood can be aspirated, the needle may have perforated a blood vessel and should be withdrawn and reinserted. Failure to obtain blood does not rule out ectopic pregnancy,
there is no intraperitoneal bleeding with early unruptured tubal pregnancy; blood cannot gravitate into a cul-de-sac that is obliterated by adhesions. Finally, the size of the needle may determine the result, bits of blood clot, which may fill the cul-de-sac, can usualy be aspirated through a large needle, whereas only liquid blood can be drawn througn an 18-guage needle.
●treatment
The usual treatment for tubal pregnancy consists of surgical removal of the involved tube and replacement of the blood lost .
Operation : laparotomy
anti-shock: transfusion
C a s e3
A 27 year-old woman, with the complain of amemorrhea for 35 weeks, combining with vaginal bleeding for 2 hours.
About 2 hours ago, vaginal bleeding began suddenly with bright color,and during the following period, without increasingly aggravated. No abdominal pain,but normal fetal quickening existed.
Obstetric examination: height fundus 32cm,abdomen diameter 98cm, fetal present:head,Fetal position:LOA, fetal heart beat:130bpm
P lease write the diagnosis and assistant test of this case according to the history and examination.
w rite the scheme of treatment.
Diagnosis: placenta previa(marginal placenta previa) .
Assistant test:ultrasonography:(marginal placenta previa) (marginal placenta previa) (marginal placenta previa) (marginal placenta previa) .
Essentials of diagnosis
Spotting during first and second trimesters
Sudden, painless,profuse bleeding in third trimester
Initial cramping in 10% cases
Types or degrees: (Fig.)
●There are 3types of placenta previa depending on the degree of
extension of placenta to the lower segment and relation to cervical os.
●Type1(marginal placenta previa): the edge of placenta reaches the
internal os but does not cover it.
●Type 2 (partial pp):the cervical internal os is only
partially covered.
Type3 (complete pp): the placenta completely covers the internal os. ●M anagement of pp.
Admission to hospital :
Expectant treatment:
the cases suitable for expectant treatment are:1) mother is in
good condition with a wide margin of safety to withstand further
bouts of hemorrhage , if occurs. Hemoglobin should ideally be
10g/L or more. 2) duration of pregnancy is less than 37weeks. 3)
active vaginal bleeding is absent.
Conduct of expectant treatment: 1) absolute bed rest is imposed
for at least 5-7 days after the vaginal bleeding ceases. 2) injection
diazepam 10mg is given intramuscularly on admission.3)
investigations4) periodic inspection of the vulval pads and
auscultation of the fetal heart rate are dome. 5) localisation of the
placenta is to be done by the available methods.
●D elivery:
Cesarean section:it is the usual method of choice with placenta previa.
Vaginal delivery:it is usually reserved for patients with a low-lying
implantation and a cephalic presentation and parous women,and cervix is favorable,and there is little or no prospect of salvaging the fetus.
●Complications:
Maternal: antepartum hemorrhage, premature labor, intrapartum
hemorrhage, postpartum hemorrhage and shock, sepsis
Fetul: low birth weight, asphyxia, intrauterine death
C a s e4
●A 23 year-old woman, with the complain of amemorrhea for 30 weeks, hypertension for 1 month,combining with abdominal pain for1 hour.
●PE: Bp160/110mmHg, abdomen is tender,legs,hands and abdomen are edema.
●Obstetric exam: the uterus is irritable,tender,and hypertonic,fetal position and heart beat are unclear.
●Laboratory test:proteinuria is positive(+++)
Please write the diagnosis of this case according to the history and
examination.
write the scheme of treatment.
●D iagnosis:
pre-eclampsia
Abruptio placenta
treatment
Severe preeclampsia or eclampsia:
For the patient who has severe preeclampsia or eclampsia, stabilization with
magnesium sulfate, antihypertensive therapy as indicated, monitoring for maternal and fetal well-being, and delivery by induction or C. S. are required.
Anticonvulsion: Magnesium sulfate has been used to prevent
convulsions. It has virtually no effect on blood pressure. Other
anticonvulsants such as diazepam is infrequently used in obstetrics.
Magnesium sulfate may be administered by intramuscular or
intravenous routes. An initial 4-g loading dose is given intravenously over 20 to 30 min, followed by a constant infusion of 1 to 3 g/hr.
Therapeutic levels are 4 to 7 mEq/liter.
Antihypertensive therapy: it is indicated if the diastolic blood pressure is repeatedly above 110mmHg. The goal of such therapy is to reduce the diastolic pressure to the 90 to 100 mmHg range.
●D elivery:
once anticonvulsant and antihypertensive therapy is established, attention is directed toward delivery.operation(cesarean section)
初中英语语法及固定搭配综合练习题(含答案)
1、The boy likes questions. A．ask B．answer C．to ask 2、We'll try there on time. A．to get B．getting C．got 3、They hoped their mother soon. Ato see B．saw C．seeing 4、I'm glad you again. A．meet B．met C．to meet 5、He often helps me my bike. A.mending B．to mend C．to mended 6、I heard Alice in the next door. A．sings B．sang C．sing 7、The work is easy. Let him it by himself. A．do B．to do C．doing 8、He saw Dick in and take a book away. A．came B．coming C．come 9、Does Jack want a writer? A．be B．is C．to be 10、The boss had them from morning to night. A．worked B．working C．work 11、It's time home. A．to go B．went C．going
12、Tom is kind. He would like you. A to help B．help C．helped 13、Don't forget your books to school. A．bring B．to bring C．brought 14、I don't know . A．where does he live B．what is he doing C．where he lives D．what he is dring it 15、Ask him how much . A．did it cost B．cost it C．it costed D．it costs 16、I wonder used for. A．what was this room B．which was this room C．what this room was D．that this room was 17、I really don't know . A．where he was born B．where he is born C．where was he born D．where is he born 18、We have no idea . A．how worried was he B．how worried he was C．that was he worried D．what was he worried 19、He wanted to know there. A．how long time I had been B．how long had I been C．how long I had been D．how long I was
2021年中考英语语法专题复习 常用的高频短语及固定搭配
2021年中考英语语法专题考点（四）：常用的高频短语及固定搭配高频短语及固定搭配： （一）be 动词结构 be at home = stay at home 在家 be in trouble 有麻烦 be careful of 小心…… be late for 因……迟到 be free 空闲的，有空 be busy doing/with sth 忙于…… be covered with 被……复盖 be ready for 为……作好准备 be surprised (at) 对……感到惊讶 be interested in 对……感兴趣 be excited about 对某事激动 be angry with 对某人愤怒 be mad at 疯狂于；对某人生气 be friendly to 对……友好 be pleased with 对……感到高兴 be satisfied with 对……很满意 be famous for 因……而著名 be famous as 作为……而著名 be strict with 对……严格
be strict in 在……方面严格 be afraid of 害怕…… be afraid to do 害怕去做…… be glad to do 很高兴去做…… be good for 对……有好处 be bad for 对……有害处 be good at = do well in 擅长 be able to do 能去做…… be made of 由……制成（制成以后还看得见原材料）be not sure 表不确定 be on a visit to 参观 be popular with sb 受某人欢迎 be quiet 安静 be short for 表… 的缩写 be sick in bed 生病在床 be sorry to do sth对所做的某事感到遗憾 be sorry to hear that很遗憾听到 be sorry to trouble sb麻烦某人感到抱歉 be strict in doing sth严于做某事 be strict with sb 对某人要求严格 be strict with sb in sth 某方面对某人严格 be supposed to do 应该做某事
语法固定搭配
be found in 2. be associated with 3. be typical of 4. the use of 5. rely on 6. be derived from 起源于 7. refer to 8. be known as sb 9. be known for sth 10. be concerned with 11. in relation to 关于，与相比 12. act on 对……起作用 13. bring about 使发生 14. protect.... from 15. together with 16. a number of 17. be able to 18. be similar to 19. be dependent on 20. with ease 熟练的 21. according to 22. specialize in doing sth 23. serve as 24. at one time 25. tend to
26. interest in 27. due to 28. lead to 29. at least 30. contrary to 31. be equal to 32. contribute to doing sth 33. live in 34. be dedicated to doing 35. deal with 36. belong to 37. it is estimated that 38. be resistant to 39. result from 40. consist of 41. in connection with 42. transform into 43. take place 44. excel at doing 擅长于 45. be based on 46. play a key role 47. spread to 48. come from 49. be related to 50. a minimum of
初中英语语法(固定搭配)
初中英语语法大全 初中英语语法大全 （固定搭配） 、find 、feel 、listen to 、look at （ 感官动词）+do eg:I like watching monkeys jump 小菜一碟（容易） 4 agree with sb 赞成某人 the students planted trees along with their teachers 8 As soon as 一怎么样就怎么样 9 as you can see 11 ask sb for sth 向某人什么 12 ask sb to do sth 询问某人某事 ask sb not to do 13 at the age of 在……岁时 eg ：I am sixteen I am at the age of sixteen 14 at the beginning of ……的起初；……的开始 15 at the end of + 地点/+时间最后；尽头；末尾 eg : At the end of the day 17 be /feel confident of sth /that clause + eg : I am / feel confident of my spoken English I feel that I can pass the test 18 be + doing 表：1 现在进行时 2 将来时 19 be able to （+ v 原）=can （+ v 原） 能够 ....... eg : She is able to sing She 20 be able to do sth 能够干什么 eg :she is able to sing 22 be allowed to do 被允许做什么 2 （比较级 and 比较级） 表示越来越怎么样 5 all kinds of 各种各样 a kind of 一样 6 all over the world = the whole world 整个世界 7 along with 同……一道， 伴随 eg : I will go along with you 我将和你一起去 10 ask for 求助 向…要…（直接接想要的东西） eg : ask you for my book 1 （see 、hear 、notice 3 a piece of cake =easy 学生同老师们一起种树 你是知道的 叫某人不要做某事 16 at this time of year 在每年的这个时候 从句感觉/对什么有信心，自信 can sing 21 be afraid to do （of sth 恐惧，害怕 eg : I'm afraed to go out at night I'm afraid of dog eg: I'm allowed to watch TV 我被允许看电视 I should be allowed to watch TV 我应该被允许看电视 23 be angry with sb 生某人的气 eg : Don't be angry with me 24 be angry with （at ） sb for doing sth 为什么而生某人的气 25 be as …原级…as 和什么一样 eg : She is as tall as me 她和我一样高 26 be ashamed to 27 be away from 远离 28 be away from 从……离开 29 be bad for 对什么有害 eg : Reading books in the sun is bad for your eyes 在太阳下看书对你的眼睛不好 30 be born 出生于 31 be busy doing sth 忙于做什么事 be busy with sth 忙于 32 be careful 当心；小心 33 be different from 和什么不一样 34 be famous for 以……著名 35 be friendly to sb 对某人友好 36 be from = come from 来自 eg ：He is from Bejing He comes from Bejing Is he from Bejing ? Does he come from Bejing ? 37 be full of 装满……的 be filled with 充满 eg: the glass is full of water the glass is filled with water 38 be glad+to+do/ 从句 39 be going to + v （ 原）将来时 40 be good at （+doing ） = do well in 在某方面善长 , 善于 41 be good for 对什么有好处 eg : Reading aloud is good for your English 42 be happy to do 很高兴做某事 43 be helpful to sb 对某人有好处 eg : Reading aloud is helpful to you 大声朗读对你有好处 Exercising is helpful to your bady 锻炼对你的身体有好处 44 be in good health 身体健康 45 be in trouble 处于困难中 eg : She is in trouble They are in tronble 46 be interested in 对某方面感兴趣
VBA中的Select Case语句
Select Case语句也是条件语句之一，而且是功能最强大的条件语句。它主要用于多条件判断，而且其条件设置灵活、方便，在工作中使用频率极高。本节介绍Select Case语句的语法及应用案例． Select Case语句的语法如下： Select Case testexpression [Case expressionlist-n [statements-n]] ... [Case Else [elsestatements]] End Select Select Case语句包括四部分，每部分详细含义如表38-1所示。 在以上语法列表中，省略号代表可以使用多个条件。只要有一个Case就需要有一个statements-n，表示条件及符合条件时的执行条件。 其中elsestatements表示不符合指定条件时的执行语句，是可选参数。可以忽略elsestatements，也可以执行一条或者一组语句，为了让程序能够处理一些不可预见的情况，尽量使用elsestatements语句处理不符合条件时该如何回应。 在Select Case的多个参数中，最复杂的是expressionlist-n部分，它有多种表达形式，包括：lExpression——直接声明一个条件值，例如5 lexpression To expression——声明一个条件的范围，例如5-10 lIs comparisonoperator——声明一种比较方式，例如is >5 下面的实例可以展示参数中expressionlist-n部分的多种表达形式。 实例1：多条件时间判断 根据当前的时间判断是上午、中午，还是下午、晚上、午夜。 要求中条件比较多，使IF…Then…需要多层嵌套，而Select Case语句会更简单。代码如下：___________________________________________________ Sub 时间() Dim Tim As Byte, msg As String
英语语法-介词用法及固定搭配
英语常用介词 介词的分类和应用英语介词虽是小词，数量也不多，但它灵活多变，随处可见，功能强大而且难于掌握。在现代英语中，介词的地位非常重要。我们切不可小看这个小角色，不可忽视它的作用。如果你能在英语介词上下一番功夫，那么你的英语水平会有一个飞跃提高。英语介词分类: 按构成形式分(5类)： 1．简单介词如：in，at，on，by，with，down，for，beside，along， across等。 2．分词介词（在英语中有一部分动词的ing形式具备介词的性质，在 很多情况下将他们视为介词）如：including，during，following，considering，regarding关于，speaking，judging，talking等。 3.双重介词如：from behind从后面 until after直到…之后from among从…中间 4.合成介词如：inside，outside，onto，into，within 5．短语介词如：out of，apart from（除之外：别无、尚有），because of，by means of用、依靠等 A. 介词短语的词性--形容词 1) 常用于做定语的介词短语的介词 of: a child of six with: a man with a suitcase in: a girl in red to: the key to the door for: a war for money about: an agreement about trade 2)常用于做表语的介词短语的介词 at: She was at a loss. beyond；The road is beyond the hill.
switch case用法示例
C语言——switch case语句 switch语句的语法如下(switch，case和default是关键字)： switch ( 表达式) { case 常量表达式1 ：语句1；break； case 常量表达式2 ：语句2；break； …… case 常量表达式n ：语句n；break； default：语句n+1；break； } 说明： break退出{ } case后面只能跟一个值(加冒号：)，而不能是一个表达式 switch(表达式) 后面没有;(分号) { }前后没有;(分号) switch语句规则 case标签必须是常量表达式(constant Expression) 只能针对基本数据类型使用switch，这些类型包括int、char等。对于其他类型，则必须使用if语句。 case 标签后不能是浮点型数据（如1.0 ） case标签必须是惟一性的表达式；也就是说，不允许两个case具有相同的值。 不要问为什么，C就这规定！我们只需要了解规则，学会应用即可！ 猜想原因：浮点型数据不是准确的数据，在机器中只能表示出一个近似值，如：0.1 在机器中存的是0.09999612.... 也可能是0.09999723.... 根据精度不同，数据来源不同，其值是个不确定的数据，因此，不能用CASE来定位 简单例题1：
#include
初中英语语法及固定搭配综合练习题.doc
初中英语语法及固定搭配综合练习题 1 、The boy likes questions. A ． ask B ．answer C．to ask 2 try 、We'll ther e on time. get B．A getting ．to C ．got 3、They hoped mother soon. their A ．to see B ． saw C．seeing 4 glad 、I'm y ou again. A ．meet B ．met C．to meet
5 、He often helps me my bike. A ． mending B ．to mend 6 、I C．to mended heard Alice in the next door. A ．sings B ． sang C．sing 7 、The work is easy. Let him it by himself. A．do B ．to do C．doing 8 、He saw Dick in and take a book away. A ． came B ． coming C．come 9、Does Jack want a writer A． be B． is
C．to be 10、The boss had them morning to night. from A．worked B． working 11、 It's time C．work home. A ．to go B．went C．going 12 like 、Tom is kind. He you. would A ．to help B．help C． helped 13 、Don't forget your books to school. A ．bring B ．to bring C．brought 14 、I don't know . A ．where does he
初中英语语法固定搭配综合练习题
初中英语语法及固定搭配综合练习题 1、The boy likes questions. A．ask B．answer C．to ask 2、We'll try there on time. A．to get B．getting C．got 3、They hoped their mother soon. A．to see B．saw C．seeing 4、I'm glad you again. ； A．meet B．met C．to meet 5、He often helps me my bike. A．mending B．to mend C．to mended 6、I heard Alice in the next door. A．sings B．sang C．sing 7、The work is easy. Let him it by himself. A．do B．to do C．doing 8、He saw Dick in and take a book away. ] A．came B．coming C．come 9、Does Jack want a writer? A．be B．is C．to be 10、The boss had them from morning to night. A．worked B．working C．work
11、It's time home. A．to go B．went C．going 12、Tom is kind. He would like you. ] A．to help B．help C．helped 13、Don't forget your books to school. A．bring B．to bring C．brought 14、I don't know . A．where does he live B．what is he doing C．where he lives D．what he is dring it 15、Ask him how much . A．did it cost B．cost it C．it costed D．it costs } 16、I wonder used for. A．what was this room B．which was this room C．what this room was D．that this room was 17、I really don't know . A．where he was born B．where he is born C．where was he born D．where is he born 18、We have no idea . A．how worried was he B．how worried he was $ C．that was he worried D．what was he worried 19、He wanted to know there.
case语句
复习： 输入三个数a,b,c，输出最大数（分别用不嵌套if 和嵌套的if语句） (提问) 4．4 Case语句 [例4-4-1] 某服装公司为了推销产品，采取这样的批发销售方案:凡订购超过100 套的，每套定价为50元，否则每套价格为80元。编程由键盘输入订购套数，输出应付款的金额数。 解:设X为订购套数，Y为付款金额，则: Var x，y: integer； Begin Write('X=') ；Readln(x) ； if x >100 then y:=50*X else y:＝80*X； Writeln('y='，y) ； Readln End. 如果有多种（两种或两种以上）选择，常用情况语句编程。 将前面[例]改成用如下方法来处理。根据题意，付款计算可分为两种情况： ①Y=50*X (X＞100) ②Y=80*X (X＜=100) 显然，情况①与②的选择取决于X值。假设用N表示“情况值”，暂且先让N ＝2； 如果X＞100则N=1；（此题中N的值只是1或2，且取决于X值） Var X，Y，N: integer； Begin Write('X=') ；readln(x) ；n:=2；{ 先让n=2 } if X＞100 then n:=1；{如果X＞100则n=1 } Case n of { 关于情况处理} 1: Y:=50*X； 2: Y:=80*X； end； Writeln('Y='，Y) ； Readln End. 程序中的Case─end 语句为情况语句，是多路分支控制，一般格式为:
格式一： case 表达式of 情况常量表1：语句1； 情况常量表2：语句2； …… 情况常量表n：语句n； end; 格式一：执行情况语句时，先计算Case后面表达式的值，然后根据该值在情况常量表中的“对应安排”，选择其对应的语句执行，执行完所选择语句后就结束Case语句；如果常量表中没有一个与表达式值对应的语句，则什么也不做就结束本Case语句。 格式二： Case 表达式of 情况常量表1: 语句1； 情况常量表2: 语句2； …… 情况常量表n: 语句n； else 语句n+1 end； 格式二：这种格式的前面部分是相同的，所不同的是：如果常量表中没有一个与表达式值对应的语句，则执行与else对应的语句，然后结束Case语句。 case语句在使用时有几点要注意： 1. end与case对应；标号与语句之间用“：”分隔；else与语句之间不用分隔符。2．表达式的类型通常是整型或字符型。所以表达式经常会用到mod、div运算和trunc、round等函数。 3．情况常量表必须是一个或几个常量，常量间用“,”间隔，其类型与表达式的类型一致。常量间的顺序可以是任意的。也就是说可以多个标号对应同一条语句。 4. 语句可以是多个语句，但必须用语句括号(begin……end)括起即复合语句。 5. case语句也可以嵌套 [例4-4-2] 对某产品征收税金，在产值1万元以上征收税5%；在1万元以下但在5000元以上的征收税3%；在5000元以下但在1000元以上征收税2%；1000元以下的免收税。编程计算该产品的收税金额。 解:设x为产值，tax为税金，用P表示情况常量各值，以题意中每1000元为情况分界: P=0: tax=0 (x<1000 ) P=1，2，3，4: tax=x*0.02 (1000<=x<5000 ) P=5，6，7，8，9: tax=x*0.03 (5000
初中英语语法固定搭配
刺中考学习 手 初中英语语法固定搭配 1、 rather ? than 宁可 ? ? 也不? ? eg : I would rather be a doctor than a teacher 我愿肯当医生，也不 当老师 He likes dogs rather than cats 他喜欢狗，不喜欢猫 2 、regard ? as 把? ? 当作? ? eg: Please give my best regards to your family 请带我向你的家人我 最好的问候 I regard you as my friend 我把你当作我的朋友 He shows little regard for others 他不爱关心别人 3、 remind sb about sth 提醒某人什么事 remind sb to do sth 提醒某人做 某事 eg : he reminds me about cooking (he reminds me to cook 他提醒我做 饭 4、 remind sb of sth 使某人想起什么 eg : the pictures remind me of my school days 这照片使我想起了我的 学校 the words that (which) the teacher talk to remind me of my mother 5、return sth to sb 还什么东西给某人 6、 say to oneself 对自己说 7、 say to sb 对某人说 8、 sb spend some money on sth 花了多少钱在某事上 9、 sb spend sometime with sb 花了多少时间陪谁 10、 sb spend sometime(in) doing sth 花了多少时间做某事 11、sb with sb +is sb and sb +are 12 see sb do 看见某人做过某事 see sb doing 看见某人正在做某事 13、seem to do/be +adj 显得怎么样 eg : You seem to be tired ，You seem to be happy 14、send +sb sth 送给某人某物 15、send ? to ? 把什么寄到哪里去？ 16、shock 使? ? 震惊 eg : Oh ,It's only you ! You give me a shock 啊， 乐冲刺：做的更少，学的更好 lechongci
case的两种表现方式和使用
CASE语句 在某些方面，CASE语句是几种不同语句的一种等价物，这些语句来自你之前学过的语言。在过程化的编程语言中，下面的语句与CASE的功能相似： Switch: C、C++、C#、Delphi Select Case：Visual Basic Do Case：Xbase Evaluate：COBOL 我可以肯定还有其他语句，它们来自我多年前以这种或那种形式使用的语言。在许多方面，在T-SQL中使用CASE语句的最大缺陷是置换运算符而不是流控制语句。 书写CASE语句的方法不止一种：可以使用输入表达式或布尔表达式。第一种选择是可以使用一个输入表达式，将它与每一个WHEN子句中使用的值进行比较。SQL Server将其视为简单CASE： 1.CASE 2.WHEN
最新初中英语语法(固定搭配)
初中英语语法大全(固定搭配) 1 (see 、hear 、notice 、find 、feel 、listen to 、 look at (感官动词)+do eg:I like watching monkeys jump 2 （比较级 and 比较级）表示越来越怎么样 3 a piece of cake =easy 小菜一碟（容易） 4 agree with sb 赞成某人 5 all kinds of 各种各样 a kind of 一样 6 all over the world = the whole world 整个世界 7 along with同……一道，伴随…… eg : I will go along with you我将和你一起去 the students planted trees along with their teachers 学生同老师们一起种树 8 As soon as 一怎么样就怎么样 9 as you can see 你是知道的 10 ask for ……求助向…要…（直接接想要的东西） eg : ask you for my book 11 ask sb for sth 向某人什么 12 ask sb to do sth 询问某人某事 ask sb not to do 叫某人不要做某事 13 at the age of 在……岁时 eg：I am sixteen I am at the age of sixteen 14 at the beginning of …… ……的起初；……的开始 15 at the end of +地点/+时间最后；尽头；末尾 eg : At the end of the day 16 at this time of year 在每年的这个时候 17 be /feel confident of sth /that clause +从句感觉/对什么有信心，自信 eg : I am / feel confident of my spoken English I feel that I can pass the test 18 be + doing 表：1 现在进行时 2 将来时 19 be able to (+ v 原) = can (+ v 原）能够…… eg : She is able to sing She can sing 20 be able to do sth 能够干什么 eg :she is able to sing 21 be afraid to do (of sth 恐惧，害怕…… eg : I'm afraed to go out at night I'm afraid of dog 22 be allowed to do 被允许做什么 eg: I'm allowed to watch TV 我被允许看电视 I should be allowed to watch TV 我应该被允许看电视 23 be angry with sb 生某人的气 eg : Don't be angry with me 24 be angry with(at) sb for doing sth 为什么而生某人的气 25 be as…原级…as 和什么一样 eg : She is as tall as me 她和我一样高 26 be ashamed to 27 be away from 远离 28 be away from 从……离开 29 be bad for 对什么有害 eg : Reading books in the sun is bad for your eyes 在太阳下看书对你的眼睛不好 30 be born 出生于 31 be busy doing sth 忙于做什么事 be busy with sth 忙于…… 32 be careful 当心；小心33 be different from…… 和什么不一样 34 be famous for 以……著名 35 be friendly to sb 对某人友好 36 be from = come from 来自 eg ：He is from Bejing He comes from Bejing Is he from Bejing ? Does he come from Bejing ? 37 be full of 装满……的 be filled with 充满 eg: the glass is full of water the glass is filled with water 38 be glad+to+do/从句 39 be going to + v(原）将来时 40 be good at(+doing) = do well in 在某方面善长, 善于…… 41 be good for 对什么有好处 eg : Reading aloud is good for your English 42 be happy to do 很高兴做某事 43 be helpful to sb 对某人有好处 eg : Reading aloud is helpful to you 大声朗读对你有好处 Exercising is helpful to your bady 锻炼对你的身体有好处 44 be in good health 身体健康 45 be in trouble 处于困难中 eg : She is in trouble They are in tronble 46 be interested in 对某方面感兴趣
高考英语语法重点精华：固定搭配用法总结
高考英语语法重点精华：固定搭配用法总结 1.It’sthe first time that……….(从句中用现在完成时) It wasfor the first time that………(强调句，对状语for the first time进行强调) It’s(high) time that……..(从句中用过去时或should do) 2.It’sthe same with sb. / So it is with sb.表示某人也如此(用于前句中既有肯定又有否定或两个不同类的谓语动词) 3. …beabout to do / be doing……when…….正要做/正在做……就在那时……. 4.A istwice / three times as +原级+as B A是B的两倍/三倍 A istwice / three times the n. of B. A的…是B的两倍/三倍 A istwice / three times +比较级+than B A比B多两倍/三倍 5.It’s awaste of time / money doing / to do…做……浪费时间/金钱 It’s nouse / good doing……… 做……是没有用的 It’spossible / probable / (un) likely that………. 很可能…… It makesgreat / no sense to do……做某事很有/没意义 6. There’sno use / good doing……. 做……没有用 There’s no sense / point (in) doing…… 做……没有意义 There is no need for sth. / to do……. 没有过必要做…… There is (no) possibility that…………(同位语从句)很可能/没可能…… 7.The+比较级……..,the+比较级………越…….., 越……. 注意：前半句为从句，用一般现在时代替将来时; 8.Itseems / appears ( to sb. ) that sb…….在某人看来某人……… = Sb.seems / appears to be / to do / to be doing / to have done…….. It seems / looks as if……….好象/似乎…….. 9.It (so)happened that sb. ……..某人碰巧…….. = Sb. happened to be / to do / to be doing /to have done….. 10.It issaid / thought / believed / hoped / supposed …….that sb……… =Sb. issaid to be / to do / to be doing / to have done……….(注意：这种句型里如带动词hope则不能变成简单句，因为无hopesb. to do结构)[要学习网一直在为调动你的学习积极性而努力] 12.…….such…….that…….如此…….以致于(引导结果状语从句) …….such……..as……像……..的这种……(as为关系代词，引导定语从句，在从句里充当主、宾、表) 13. Doyou mind if I do sth.? / Would you mind if I did sth.? 你介意我做……吗? 14. Thechance is that……../ (The )Chances are that……….很可能……. 15.Check/ Make sure / See to it / See that……..(从句中常用一般现在时) 确信/务必…….. 16.depend on it that……..取决于 see to it that…….负责/设法做到……. 注意：除了except / but / in等介词可以直接接that从句，其它介词后必须用it 做形式宾语; 17.It is/ was +介词短语/ 从句/ 名词/代词等+that………