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阅读理解记叙文总复习经典例题、习题经典

一、英语阅读理解记叙文（含答案详细解析）

1．阅读下列材料，从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳答案。

A young woman traveled and stayed in a hotel. All the rooms in the hotel were singles（单人间）. So she lived in a single room.

Just when she was going to bed, there was a knock at the door. She had no friends in the city. So she was quite surprised but still opened the door.

The man who was standing at the door looked a little nervous. "Oh! I'm sorry. I thought this was my room," the man said and walked away in a hurry.

The woman called the police at once. Soon, the man was caught. He was a thief（小偷）! But how did the woman know that?

All the rooms in the hotel were singles. Who would knock at his own door if he was staying alone? Only a thief would do this. He wanted to see if anyone was inside before he broke into the room.

（1）A young woman traveled and stayed ____.

A. in a hotel

B. in a police office

C. in a park

D. in her friend's home

（2）The man looked a little ____ when the woman opened the door.

A. happy

B. nervous

C. mad

D. relaxed

（3）The man knocked at the door to ____.

A. find his friend in the city

B. stay alone

C. see if anyone was inside

D. call the police

【答案】（1）A

（2）B

（3）C

【解析】【分析】文章大意：一位年轻女士住在宾馆时，有人敲门询问这是不是他的房间，这位女士断定他是一个小偷，并报了警。

（1）细节理解题。根据文中的语句 A young woman traveled and stayed in a hotel. 理解可知，这位年轻的女士住在了宾馆，故选A。

（2）细节理解题。根据文中的语句 The man who was standing at the door looked a little nervous. 理解可知，这个年轻人看到这位女士非常的紧张，故选B。

（3）细节理解题。根据文中的语句Only a thief would do this. He wanted to see if anyone was inside before he broke into the room.可知，这个人敲门的主要目的就是看看房间里有没有人，故选C。

【点评】考查阅读理解。本文主要考查细节理解题，首先仔细阅读文后的问题，弄清问题的大意；然后带着问题阅读短文，抓住关键信息，选择正确答案。

2．阅读短文，从各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。

By Anna Matteo

28 January, 2019

A 3-year-old boy who was lost in the woods for two days is now safe at home with his family.

But Casey Hathaway told his rescuers （救援者）that he was not alone in the rainy, freezing cold woods. He said he was with a friend — a bear.

The child went missing on January 22 while playing with friends near his grandmother's house in North Carolina. When the other children returned but Casey did not, the family searched the area for almost an hour before calling the police.

Police formed a search team to look for the young boy in the nearby woods. But two days went by and—no Casey.

Then on January 24, someone called the police saying he heard a child crying in the woods. Police followed up on the information and found Casey at about 9:30 that night. He was in good health.

Casey told the rescuers he had hung out with a black bear for two days, a bear he called his "friend".

The police officer Chip Hughes spoke with reporters from several news agencies. He said Casey did not say how he could survive in the woods for two days in the cold, rainy weather. "However," the police officer said, "he did say he had a friend in the woods that was a bear with him."

Hundreds of people helped in the search and rescue efforts, including some 600 volunteers, police and members of the army. Doctors at the medical center gave Casey some examination. He was then sent to his family on January 25.

His mother talked with reporters and thanked everyone who joined the search for her son. "We just want to tell everybody that we're very thankful that you took the time out to search for Casey," said his mother. "He is up and talking He's already asked to watch cartoons."

（1）Who stayed with Casey in the woods during the two days?

A. A bear.

B. The police.

C. His mother.

D. The volunteers.（2）The underlined word "survive" in Paragraph 6 probably means " ▲ ".

A. give up

B. get lost

C. fall asleep

D. remain alive

（3）What is the correct order in which these happen?

a. Someone heard a child crying.

b. The family started to look for Casey.

c. Casey played with his friends.

d. The police found Casey was in good health.

A. b-c-a-d

B. b-c-d-a

C. c-b-a-d

D. c-b-d-a

（4）After Casey was sent back home, he was ________.

A. scared

B. nervous

C. relaxed

D. surprised

【答案】（1）A

（2）D

（3）C

（4）C

【解析】【分析】文章大意：文章讲述了三岁的孩子 Casey Hathaway 在丢失之后的神奇的经历。他跟一只大熊游逛了两天。

（1）细节理解题，根据 He said he was with a friend a bear. 可知他跟一只熊在一起，故答案是A。

（2）词义猜测题题，小男孩丢失了，根据in the woods for two days in the cold, rainy weather，这些都是小男孩在森林里遇到的恶劣生存条件，小男孩最后安全回家，可推测该单词的意思是生存，故答案是D。

（3）细节排除题，根据文章内容可知，孩子跟朋友在一起玩，即c，没有回来，家人就开始找他，即b。然后就有人听到了孩子的哭喊声即a，最后警察发现他状况很好，即d，句子顺序应该是c-b-a-d，故答案是C。

（4）细节理解题，根据 He is up and talking He's already asked to watch cartoons，可知说明孩子没有问题，很放松，故答案是C。

【点评】考查阅读理解，本文涉及到了细节理解题，猜疑猜测题和细节排序题，细节理解题和细节排序题相对简单，可知直接从文中找到答案，猜疑猜测题则需要结合具体语境去推测单词的意思。

3．阅读材料，然后从各题所给的四个选项中选出一个最佳答案。

Every year, more than 26,000 children arrive in Britain. We ask some new arrivals what they

like best about their new lives and what's different from home.

Jarek, Poland

I don't know anybody from Poland here, but I'm lucky because the English boy next door is very friendly and kind. We are in the same class!

I like teachers here. At home, the teachers seem

a bit strict and serious. There are a lot of rules, too. Here, teachers are patient and don't give much homework. We students go out of school and buy pizza or burgers at lunchtime. We can't do that in Poland.Daisy & Luck, the USA

My sister and I like living here. It's cool! My

sister loves the British accent （口音）.

Everybody here is very polite. But we don't

understand all your strange words-we say

"yard" not garden, and "apartment" not flat.

The food is better here. There's Chinese,

Indian and Thai. At home we eat too much

fast food.

Zinah, India

It's too cold here! I hate doing sports,

especially outside in winter. The teacher here is

very serious about sports. I prefer science and

maths. I love the maths class because the teacher

is really funny, just like my maths teacher in

India. The school is so big and some students

seem unfriendly. I'm from a small village school.

I think it's hard to communicate with them.

A. Luck

B. Zinah

C. Jarck

D. Daisy

（2）In Zinah's eyes, her maths teacher in India might be ________.

A. cold

B. strict

C. patient

D. humorous

（3）The passage is probably taken from ________.

A. a travel magazine

B. an education website

C. a geography textbook

D. a business newspaper

【答案】（1）C

（2）D

（3）B

【解析】【分析】文章大意：介绍了Jarek，Daisy，Lucy和Zinah来到英国以后自己的学习生活体验。

（1）细节理解题。根据文中第一个方框中的语句 I like teachers here. 可知，Jarek喜欢这里的学校生活，故选C。

（2）细节理解题。根据文中的语句I love the maths class because the teacher is really funny, just like my maths teacher in India. 理解可知，Zinah认为他的数学老师比较滑稽，幽默，故选D。

（3）理解归纳题。通读全文可知，这篇文章主要介绍了四个到英国学习的学生自己的学习体会，应该与教育有关，故选B。

【点评】考查阅读理解。本文考查细节题和主旨题等常考题型，细节题要注意从文中抓住关键词寻找答案；主旨题需要通读全文，了解大意之后找出主题句。

4．阅读理解

When he didn't become famous, Albert Einstein, one of the greatest scientists in the world, lived a hard life, wearing casually. Someone reminded him he should have a decent（得体的）coat so as to enter the society.

He said, "I'm unknown. Even if I wear more handsomely, no one will know me. "A few years later, Einstein became a world-famous scientist, who still wore casually. The man again reminded he should have a coat made quickly, or it would disagree with the fame of a great scientist. Einstein said with a smile, "Now, even if I wear ragged（衣衫褴褛的）clothes, people will know me."

Sometimes, he even wore a sports shirt and a pair of sandals to the University of Berlin when he worked as a professor in Germany. His friends didn't agree with him, but he said jokingly, "If the bag is better than the meat inside, it will be a bad thing."

Indeed, many a time, if we don't adorn（修饰;装饰） ourselves from the appearance but let the skeleton（骨架;骨骼） of the spirit stand up, we won't fall over in this world.

（1）Einstein was a great__________.

A. reporter

B. writer

C. scientist

D. artist

（2）Before becoming famous, when someone reminded him to have a decent coat. Einstein____.

A. had a decent coat quickly

B. still wore casually

C. quarreled with the person

D. wore more handsomely then

（3）What can we learn from the fourth paragraph?

A. Einstein was unfriendly to his friends.

B. Einstein once studied in the University of Berlin.

C. Einstein didn't like his work as a professor in Germany.

D. Einstein thought the things inside a person were more important than the appearance.

【答案】（1）C

（2）B

（3）D

【解析】【分析】文章大意：世界著名科学家爱因斯坦成名前后都穿着随意，面对人们的劝说，他的回答发人深思。他认为：一个人内在的品质要比外表更重要。我们应该让精神的骨架站起来，才能立于不败之地。

（1）细节理解题。由文中语句Albert Einstein，one of the greatest scientists in the world可知，爱因斯坦是一位伟大的科学家。故选C。

（2）推理判断题。根据第一段最后 Someone reminded him he should have a decent（得体的）coat so as to enter the society.“有人提醒他为了融入社会他应该有一件得体的外套”；第二段语句 He said, "I'm unknown. Even if I wear more handsomely, no one will know me. "爱因斯坦回答“我没有名气。即便我穿得更英俊漂亮，也没有人会认识我。”由此推断，爱因斯坦没有听从别人劝告，依然穿着很随意，故选B。

（3）推理判断题。阅读短文第四段可知，爱因斯坦在柏林大学工作时，穿着运动衫和凉鞋去学校，朋友们不赞同时，他说“如果袋子比里面的肉好，那将是一件坏事。”这里爱因斯坦将袋子和肉分别比作人的外在和内在，故选D。

【点评】考查阅读理解。本文考查细节题和推理判断等常考题型，推理判断题要注意从文中抓住关键词寻找答案；主旨题需要通读全文，了解大意之后找出正确选项。

5．阅读下面短文，从下面每小题的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。

In many English homes people eat four meals a day: breakfast, lunch, tea and dinner.

People have breakfast at any time from seven to nine in the morning. They eat porridge, eggs or bread. English people drink tea or coffee at breakfast. Lunch comes at one o'clock. Afternoon tea is from four to five in the afternoon and dinner is about half past seven. First they have soups, and then they have meat or fish with vegetables. After that they eat some other things, like bananas, apples or oranges. But not all English people eat like that. Some of them have their dinner in the middle of the day. Their meals are breakfast, dinner, tea and supper and all these

meals are very necessary.

（1）Many English people have ________ meals a day.

A. two

B. three

C. four

D. three or four

（2）People may have ________ for their breakfast.

A. tea and eggs

B. porridge, eggs, bread, tea or coffee

C. tea and coffee

D. bread and eggs

（3）People have lunch at ________.

A. any time

B. nine

C. five

D. one

（4）People don't have ________ for their dinner.

A. porridge

B. bananas or apples

C. any soup or meat

D. meat or fish （5）In many English homes, dinner comes ________.

A. at one o'clock

B. in the middle of the day

C. at noon

D. at night

【答案】（1）C

（2）B

（3）D

（4）A

（5）B

【解析】【分析】文章大意：介绍了英国人的饮食习惯，一天吃四顿饭：早餐、午餐、茶和晚餐。

（1）细节理解题。根据文中语句In many English homes people eat four meals a day: breakfast, lunch, tea and dinner.理解可知，英国人一天吃四顿饭，故选C。

（2）细节理解题。根据文中的语句People have breakfast at any time from seven to nine in the morning. They eat porridge, eggs or bread. English people drink tea or coffee at breakfast. 理解可知，早餐，英国人吃鸡蛋，面包，喝粥，茶或咖啡，故选B。

（3）细节理解题。根据文中的语句Lunch comes at one o'clock.理解可知，英国人经常在一点吃午饭，故选D。

（4）细节理解题。根据文中的语句 First they have soups, and then they have meat or fish with vegetables. After that they eat some other things, like bananas, apples or oranges.理解可知，英国人晚餐不喝粥，故选A。

（5）细节理解题。根据文中的语句Some of them have their dinner in the middle of the day.理解可知，有些人中午吃晚饭。故选B。

【点评】考查阅读理解。考查对篇章的把握与细节的识别能力，答题时注意紧扣问题中的关键词，在文章中寻找答案。

6．阅读理解

Many years ago there was a smart prince. But he never listened to his parents when they asked him to clean his room.

One day, a princess（公主） in another country was going to hold a party. She invited all the

princes from nearby countries. The prince was excited, and prepared with great care.

However, on the day of the party, his room was so messy（凌乱的） that he couldn't find his invitation. He looked for it everywhere, but couldn't find it anywhere. So he decided to clean his room. Luckily, he found it at last.

When he finally arrived at the party, it was over. The prince was very sad and he decided to change himself.

Sometimes not everything was bad. The princess had not found her favourite boyfriend at the party. And later she had another party. This time the prince got everything ready. He got to the party on time, and met the princess. Soon they fell in love with each other.

（1）It is clear that the prince was _______ in the past according to the story.

A. ugly

B. lazy

C. bored

D. kind

（2）That day the prince was excited because _______.

A. he was the smartest prince

B. he would see the princess

C. he kept his room clean

D. he found his invitation

（3）Why did the prince decide to change himself?

A. Because the princess didn't like him.

B. Because his parents asked him to do so.

C. Because the princess asked him to do so.

D. Because he missed the party and he felt sad.（4）Which of the following is WRONG according to the passage?

A. The prince only met the princess once.

B. The prince found his invitation to the first party.

C. The princess wanted to find a boyfriend at the party.

D. The prince changed himself into a careful person.

【答案】（1）B

（2）B

（3）D

（4）A

【解析】【分析】文章大意：本文主要介绍了一位王子的变化。

（1）细节理解题。根据文中语句But he never listened to his parents when they asked him to clean his room.提示可知，这个王子非常的懒惰，故选B。

（2）细节理解题。根据文中语句One day, a princess（公主） in another country was going to hold a party. She invited all the princes from nearby countries. 提示可知，这个王子被公主邀请参加她的聚会，要去见公主，所以非常的激动，故选B。

（3）细节理解题。根据文中语句When he finally arrived at the party, it was over. The prince was very sad and he decided to change himself.提示可知，这个王子错过了晚会很伤心，所以他决定改变自己，故选D。

（4）理解推断题。通读全文语句可知，这个王子与公主没有见过面，选项A的描述是错误的，故选A。

【点评】考查阅读理解。本题主要考查了细节理解题以及判断题，做题的时候，先从题目中找到一个关键词，它可以帮助我们很快地定位原文，找到答案。

7．阅读理解

This is a happy family. There are three people in it.

Hi! My name is Da Tou. I have a big head and two small hands. I have

two big eyes. I am wearing a yellow T-shirt. I have no brothers or sisters.

My parents love me very much.

This is my father. He is also my good friend. He has a small head and

two big hands. He wears a pair of glasses. He is a reporter（记者）, so

he knows a lot. He often plays games with me.

This is my mother. She is a little fat. She often wears an apron. She is

good at cooking. She works in a shop near our house. My mother is a

kind woman.

A. He has a small head.

B. He has two big hands.

C. He is wearing a green T-shirt.

D. He has two big eyes.

（2）Da Tou's mother is good at ________________.

A. reading

B. cooking

C. writing

D. playing games

（3）What does the word "apron" mean（意思） in Chinese?

A. 头饰

B. 围裙

C. 女性帽子

D. 眼镜（4）What is Da Tou's father?

A. A worker

B. A reporter

C. A player

D. A teacher

（5）What's the best title（标题） of the passage （文章）?

A. A good reporter.

B. Da Tou and his friends.

C. A happy boy.

D. A happy family.

【答案】（1）D

（2）B

（3）B

（4）B

（5）D

【解析】【分析】本文是作者家人介绍和自我介绍。

（1）细节题。根据 I have two big eyes ，可知大头长了2只大眼睛，故选D。

（2）细节题。根据 She is good at cooking，可知大头的妈妈擅长烹饪，故选B。

（3）词义猜测题。根据She often wears an apron. She is good at cooking她经常穿着......。她擅长烹饪，可知，做饭穿的是围裙，故apron是围裙的意思，故选B。

（4）细节题。根据 He is a reporter ，可知大头的父亲是记者，故选B。

（5）主旨题。根据This is a happy family. There are three people in it 这是一个幸福的家庭。里面有三个人，可知 A happy family适合做标题，故选D。

【点评】考查阅读理解。本文涉及细节题、推断题，和主旨题，细节题要注意从文中寻找答案；推断题需要联系上下文，推断出需要的信息，主旨题需要通读全文，了解大意之后找出中心思想。

8．阅读理解

As a child, Alain Robert was afraid of heights. One day, when he was 12, he returned home from school. He didn't find his keys. It was 3:30pm and his parents worked until 6：00 pm. Alain looked at his apartment on the eighth floor. He saw an open window. He closed his eyes and imagined himself climbing the building. When he opened his eyes, he told himself, "I can do it." Fifteen minutes later, he was in his house and his fear of heights was gone.

Today, Alain still climbs buildings. In 2003, he climbed a building in London dressed as Spiderman （蜘蛛人）to advertise the movie. In 2004, he climbed Taipei 101 （one of the tallest buildings in the world）. To reach the top of a building, Alain uses only his hands and special shoes.

Alain climbs as a hobby. He also does it to make money for charity （for poor children and the homeless）. When he climbs, he wants to send a message to people. If you have a dream, you must be brave and keep trying. If something bad happens, don't give up. Close your eyes and tell yourself, "I can do it."

（1）The main idea of this passage is that ________.

A. climbing buildings is easy

B. Alain Robert is afraid of heights

C. everyone can climb a tall building

D. you can control your fears

（2）When Alain climbs a building, he uses ________.

A. his hands and special shoes

B. special tools

C. his hands only

D. his special shoes only

（3）The underlined word "charity" means " ________ ".

A. 享受

B. 休闲

C. 慈善

D. 消费（4）Alain climbs ________.

A. for fun and for his health

B. for charity and for his job

C. for his health and for charity

D. for charity and for fun

（5）If you feel afraid to do things, what's Alain's advice? ________.

A. Practice climbing buildings.

B. Tell yourself "I can do it."

C. If something bad happens, then stop.

D. Try to do something else.

【答案】（1）D

（2）A

（3）C

（4）D

（5）B

【解析】【分析】文章大意：小时候，阿兰·罗伯特恐高。一天，他放学回家。他没有找到

钥匙。他看到一扇开着的窗户。自己爬上了大楼。当他睁开眼睛时，他对自己说：“我能做到。”十五分钟后，他在自己的房子里，他的恐高症消失了。今天，阿兰还在爬建筑物。为

了到达建筑物的顶部，阿兰只用他的手和特殊的鞋子。阿兰爬山是个爱好。他还为慈善事

业（为贫困儿童和无家可归者）赚钱。如果你有一个梦想，你必须勇敢并不断尝试。如果

有不好的事情发生，不要放弃。闭上眼睛，告诉自己，“我能做到。”

（1）主旨大意题，根据If something bad happens, don't give up. Close your eyes and tell yourself, "I can do it."可知，当有不好的事情发生的时候，比这眼睛告诉自己能行，所

以人们是能够控制自己的恐惧情绪的，故答案是D。

（2）细节理解题，根据Alain uses only his hands and special shoes.可知，阿兰用手和

特殊的鞋来攀爬建筑物，故答案是A。

（3）词义猜测题，根据（for poor children and the homeless）可知该单词的意思是“慈善”，故答案是C。

（4）细节理解题，根据 Alain climbs as a hobby. He also does it to make money for charity （for poor children and the homeless）.可知阿兰的攀爬一是为了慈善也是为乐获得乐趣，故

答案是D。

（5）细节理解题，根据If something bad happens, don't give up. Close your eyes and tell yourself, "I can do it."可知，当你害怕做某事的时候，阿兰的建议是告诉自己“我能做到”，故答案是B。

【点评】考查阅读理解。本文涉及细节理解题、主旨大意题和词义猜测题。细节理解题可

以直接从文中寻找答案；词义猜测题，需要根据单词所在的语境，进行合理想象，确定单

词的意思；主旨题需要通读全文，了解大意之后找出中心思想。

二、中考英语完形填空（含答案详细解析）

9．阅读下面短文，从每小题A、B、C、D中选出一个能填入文章中相应空白处的最佳答案。

For thousands of years, people farmed the land. They grew fruits and vegetables. They hunted and fished for meat. They 1 cloth, dyes（染料） and paper from plants. They used stone and metal for weapons and tools.

People progressed to making machines powered 2 water and steam（蒸汽）, and even later, by coal, oil, and petrol. Large cities were built. Factories 3 of machines created jobs in the cities for thousands of people. The Industrial Revolution（工业革命） changed the lives of many people because, for the first time, more people lived in cities than on 4 . Companies built power plants（工厂） to make 5 to run the machines, factories and cities.

People did not realize these activities were 6 the Earth. They didn't realize bow 7 oil, gas, coal and minerals were being used up. 8 cities grew bigger and spread across the land, plants and animals began to disappear. Their nature homes were destroyed（破坏）as people moved into new places.

As time passed, people began to 9 the need to protect the Earth and its natural

resources（资源）. They saw that plants and animals needed protection, so they wouldn't disappear forever. People joined together to tell 10 around the world to conserve（节约） our natural resources and care for the Earth. And so. Earth Day was born. Each year, more and more people take part in Earth Day. What can you do to help?

1. A. separated B. washed C. made D. mixed

2. A. as B. for C. with D. by

3. A. full B. proud C. sick D. short

4. A. mountains B. rivers C. grasslands D. farms

5. A. metal B. water C. electricity D. oil

6. A. helping B. harming C. wasting D. losing

7. A. clearly B. hardly C. quickly D. slowly

8. A. Before B. If C. As D. Though

9. A. forget B. see C. remember D. get

10. A. them B. other C. another D. others

【答案】（1）C；（2）D；（3）A；（4）D；（5）C；（6）B；（7）C；（8）C；（9）B；（10）D；

【解析】【分析】本文呼吁人们要保护我们的自然资源和，关心地球。

（1）句意：他们制作布料，染料和纸，用石头和金属制造武器和工具。A分离，B洗涤，C制作，D混合，根据They used stone and metal for weapons and tools用石头和金属制造武器和工具，可知此处是制作的意思，故选C。

（2）句意：人们逐渐发展到以水和蒸汽为动力，甚至后来以煤、油和汽油为动力的机器。根据by coal, oil, and petrol，可知是介词by，故选D。

（3）句意：满是机器的工厂为成千上万的人在城市创造了就业机会。A满的，B骄傲的，C生病的，D短的，修饰机器的是full，故选A。

（4）句意：工业革命改变了许多人的生活，第一次住在城市里的人比住在农村里的人多。A山，B河流，C草地，D农场，根据常识，宜居的地方除了城市就是农场，故选D。（5）句意：公司建造发电厂制作电来运行机器，工厂和城市。A金属，B水，C电，D 油，根据power plants，可知是电，故选C。

（6）句意：人们没有意识到这些活动对地球的伤害。A帮助，B伤害，C浪费，D丢失，根据，故选B。

（7）句意：他们没有意识到石油、天然气、煤炭和矿产正在迅速枯竭。A清晰地，B几乎不，C迅速地，D慢地，根据were being used up，可知是副词修饰动词，此处表示用完的速度之快，故选C。

（8）句意：随着城市变得更大，遍布大地，植物和动物开始消失。A在之前，B如果，C 随着，D尽管，根据As time passed，可知是as，故选C。

（9）句意：随着时间的推移，人们开始看到保护地球及其自然资源的必要性。A忘记，B 看到，C记得，D得到，根据They saw that plants and animals，可知是saw，故选B。（10）句意：人们联合起来告诉世界各地的人们要保护我们的自然资源和，关心地球。A 他们，B其他的，修饰名词，C另一个，修饰名词单数，D其他的，不修饰名词，tell后缺

少宾语，此处没有名词，根据around the world可知全世界修饰others，故选D。

【点评】考查词汇在篇章中的运用能力，答题时首先要跳过空格通读文章掌握其大意，然

后细读文章字斟句酌逐一作答，注意考虑句型、语法、搭配、语境等因素。最后通读一遍

检查验证。

10．完形填空

Rich or poor, young or old, we all have problems. We can easily become unhappy 1 we solve our problems. 2 about our problems can affect how we do things at school or at home. So how do we deal with our problems?

Most of us have probably been angry 3 our friends, parents or teachers. Perhaps they said something you didn't like, or you felt they were unfair. Sometimes, people can stay angry for years about a small problem. Time goes by, and good friendships may 4 .

When we are angry, however, we are usually the ones affected. Have you ever seen young children playing together? But they fight very soon, and decide not to talk to each other. However, this usually doesn't 5 for long. They become good friends again. This is an important 6 for us, we can solve a problem by learning to forget.

Many students often complain about school. They might feel they have too much work to do sometimes, or think the rules are too 7 . We must learn how to change these "problems" into "challenges（挑战）". As young adults, it is our duty to 8 our best to deal with each challenge with the help of our teachers.

By comparing yourself to other people, you will find your problems are not so 9 , Think about Stephen Hawking, for example, a very clever scientist. He can't walk or even speak, but he considers his many physical problems unimportant. Now he is known 10 a great scientist

in the world. We are probably quite healthy and smart. Let's not worry about our problems. Let's face the challenges instead.

1. A. unless B. if C. when D. as

2. A. Worry B. Worrying C. Worried D. To worry

3. A. of B. to C. with D. in

4. A. lose B. be lost C. keep D. be kept

5. A. last B. do C. produce D. make

6. A. program B. tool C. class D. lesson

7. A. kind B. strict C. weak D. free

8. A. try B. have C. put D. keep

9. A. terrible B. pleasant C. painless D. useful

10. A. about B. for C. with D. as

【答案】（1）A；（2）B；（3）C；（4）B；（5）A；（6）D；（7）B；（8）A；（9）A；（10）D；

【解析】【分析】文章大意：本文介绍了怎么解决问题才能让我们更快乐。

（1）句意：如果不解决问题，我们很容易变得不快乐。A：unless 除非；B：if 如果；C：when当......时； D：as当......时。根据前后句的意思，可知前句是后句发生的条件。要用从

属连词unless，unless=if not，故选A。

（2）句意：担心我们的问题会影响我们在学校或家里做事情的方式。A：Worry使担心；B：Worrying现在分词；C：Worried 过去式/过去分词；D：To worry不定式。由句子结构可知，缺少主语，要用动名词做主语，故选B。

（3）句意：我们中的大多数人可能对我们的朋友、父母或老师感到愤怒。A：of......的；B：to向，到；C：with对；D：in在......里。根据be angry with sb，生某人的气，固定短语。故选C。

（4）句意：时间一去不复返，好的友谊也会失去。A：lose丢失；B：be lost被丢失；C：keep保持；D：be kept被保护。根据根据Time goes by可知是丢失，lose。friendship 与lose之间是被动关系，被丢失，要用被动语态be+过去分词。空格前有情态动词may，要用助动词be，要用原形。lose的过去分词lost。故选B。

（5）句意：然而，这通常不会持续太久。A：last持续；B：do做；C：produce生产；D：make制作。根据They become good friends again.可知此处表示动作或状态的持续，故选A。

（6）句意：这对我们来说是一个重要的教训。A：program节目；B：tool 工具；C：class 课，班；D：lesson教训，功课。根据we can solve a problem by learning to forget，可知是教训，故选D。

（7）句意：他们有时会觉得自己有太多的工作要做，或者觉得规则太严格了。A：kind仁慈的；B：strict 严格的；C：weak弱的；D：free空闲的，免费的。根据the rules可知规则都是严格的，故选B。

（8）句意：作为年轻人，我们有责任尽最大努力在老师的帮助下应对挑战。A：try尽力； B：have 有；C：put 放；D：keep保持。try one's best to do sth.，固定搭配，尽某人最大努力，故选A。

（9）句意：通过和别人比较，你会发现你的问题并不那么糟糕。A：terrible可怕的；B：pleasant 令人愉快的； C：painless无痛的； D：useful有用的。根据He can't walk or even speak，可知是强调糟糕，故选A。

（10）句意：现在他被称为世界上最伟大的科学家。A：about关于；B：for为了；C：with带有； D：as因为。be known as+身份或职业，be known for+整体中的一部分，因为.....而出名，a great scientist是身份，故选D。

【点评】考查完形填空。做完形填空题的基本步骤是：先通览全文，掌握文章大意，然后再根据文章的语境特点从词语搭配、习惯用法、上下文的逻辑关系以及一般的生活常识等方面进行分析，从而选出既合语法又符合语境的答案。

11．完形填空

A young man was walking in the desert. He felt very 1 . Just then he suddenly found a spring of delicious and clear water. The water was cool and sweet for a man who had 2 it for such a long time. He drank a lot, and then he 3 his bottle so that he could bring some back to his village and gave it to his teacher who had taught him in middle school.

After a four-day 4 , he gave the water to the old man and he took a deep drink, smiled

warmly and 5 his student for the sweet water. The young man returned to his home with

a happy heart.

Later, the teacher let another student taste the water. He spat it out at once, saying it was 6 . The student said the water had become bad because the bottle was too old.

The student asked his teacher, "Master, the water was bad and it was bitter. Why did you 7 to him that you liked it?" The teacher replied, "You only tasted the water 8 I tasted the gift. The water which has been put in loving and kindness is not 9 water." Nothing could be 10 than love.

1. A. thirsty B. tired C. hungry D. angry

2. A. avoided B. processed C. expected D. checked

3. A. opened B. filled C. emptied D. carried

4. A. illness B. holiday C. rest D. trip

5. A. thanked B. praised C. paid D. taught

6. A. wonderful B. awful C. safe D. dangerous

7. A. report B. say C. lie D. explain

8. A. after B. before C. when D. while

9. A. actually B. simply C. mostly D. nearly

10. A. sweeter B. heavier C. dearer D. cleaner

【答案】（1）A；（2）C；（3）B；（4）D；（5）A；（6）B；（7）C；（8）D；（9）B；（10）A；

【解析】【分析】短文大意：一个年轻人在沙漠中取了一瓶水准备送给他的老师，经过四

天的长途跋涉，他终于把水带回去送给了他的老师。尽管那瓶水味道很糟糕，但老师却觉

得它无比甘甜。

（1）形容词辨析。句意：一个年轻人正在沙漠里走着，他感到很渴。thirsty 口渴的；tired

劳累的；hungry饥饿的；angry生气的。根据下文He drank a lo，可知他很渴。故选A。（2）动词辨析。句意：对于一个已经期待很久的人来说，此时的水又凉又甜。avoided避免；processed 加工，处理； expected 期待，盼望；checked检查，核对；根据上文He felt very thirsty。可知他盼望喝水，故选C。

（3）动词辨析。句意：他喝了很多水，然后又把他的瓶子"装满"了水。A. opened打开，B. filled 装满，C. emptied倒空，D. carried携带；根据后文so that he could bring some back to his village and gave it to his teacher who had taught him in middle school.故此处

是“装满”了瓶子，故选B。

（4）名词辨析。句意：四天旅行之后，他把水给了这个老人。A. illness疾病，B. holiday

假期，C. rest 休息，D. trip旅行，根据句意这个年轻人是在沙漠中进行了四天的旅行，故选D。

（5）动词辨析。句意：这个老人痛快地喝了水，微笑着感谢他的学生给他带来那么甘甜

的水。A. thanked 感谢，B. praised赞扬，C. paid付钱，D. taught教，学生从遥远的沙漠给

他带来水，所以老师很感谢他。以及后面的介词for可知，这里用到“为……而感谢”，thank for…，故选A。

（6）形容词辨析。句意：后来老师让另一个学生品尝了水，这个学生立即吐了出来，并

说非常难喝。wonderful精彩的；awful糟糕的；safe安全的；dangerous危险的。根据上一

句的He spat it out at once，可知水并不好喝，故选B。

（7）动词辨析。句意：你为什么要对他撒谎说你很喜欢这个水呢？7. A. report报告，B. say说，C. lie 说谎，D. explain .解释；根据The student asked his teacher, "Master, the water was bad and it was bitter.可上文老师说水好喝可知老师是在撒谎，故选C。

（8）介词辨析。句意：老师回答到，看你品尝的是水，而我品尝的却是礼物。after在....

之后；before在..之前；when当……时; while然而；根据句意可知这两句表示对比，故选D。

（9）副词辨析。句意：被装入了爱和善良的水不仅仅是水。A. actually实际上，B. simply

仅仅， C. mostly大部分的 D. nearly几乎，将近；根据I tasted the gift.可知这里表示这不

仅仅是水，故选B。

（10）形容词辨析。句意：没有什么比爱更甜。A. sweeter更甜B. heavier更重 C. dearer更

贵D. cleaner更干净；结合文章内容可知此处指人们对爱的感觉，所以此处表示“更甘甜”，

故选A。

【点评】此题考查完形填空。解题时先跳过空格，通读完形填空的短文，了解全篇的内容

和要旨。把握短文大意后再认真复读短文，利用上下文的语境，结合所学过的知识，先确

定空格处所需词语的意义，再根据空格在句子中的位置，判断其在句中充当的成分，从而

确定所填词的词性，再依据词语搭配和语法规则，判断所填的词的正确形式。选出正确答案，最后再次阅读短文，确定正确选项。

12．先通读下面的短文，掌握其大意，然后在每小题所给的四个选项中，选出可以填入相

应空白处的最佳选项。

At my heaviest I weighed 370 pounds. I had a very poor relationship with food: I used it to 1 bad feelings, to make myself feel better, and to celebrate. Worried about my health, I tried many different kinds of diets but nothing worked. I came to believe that I could do nothing about my weight.

When I was 50, my weight problem began to affect me 2 . I didn't want to live the rest

of my life with this extra weight any more.

That year, I 3 a seminar（研讨课） where we were asked to create a project that would touch the world. A seminar leader shared her 4 story —she had not only lost 125 pounds, but also raised ＄25,000 for homeless children.

5 by her story, I created the As We heal（痊愈）, the World Heals project. My goal was

to lose 150 pounds in one year and raise $50,000. In this way, I could not only heal myself but heal the world by supporting a movement set up 30 years ago to end hunger.

6 I began my own personal weight program, I was filled with the fear that I would run into the same difficulties that beat me before. While the

7 hung over my head, there were also signs that I was headed down the right path. I sent letters to everyone I knew, telling them about my project. It worked perfectly. Donations began

8 in from hundreds of people.

Of course, I also took some practical steps to lose weight. I hired a fitness coach. I began to eat

small and 9 meals and exercise often.

A year later, I 10 my goal: I lost 150 pounds and raised $50,000! I feel that I've been given a second life to devote to something that is meaningful and great.

1. A. add B. mix C. kill D. share

2. A. simply B. specially C. secretly D. seriously

3. A. organized B. mentioned C. attended D. recommended

4. A. sad B. successful C. ancient D. cartoon

5. A. Surprised B. Reminded C. Influenced D. controlled

6. A. AS B. Until C. If D. Unless

7. A. excitement B. fear C. anger D. joy

8. A. breaking B. stepping C. jumping D. flooding

9. A. heavy B. healthy C. expense D. full

10. A. reached B. remembered C. missed D. dropped

【答案】（1）C；（2）D；（3）C；（4）B；（5）C；（6）A；（7）B；（8）D；（9）B；（10）A；

【解析】【分析】短文大意：主要讲述作者为了消除坏情绪而乱吃东西，导致自己体重超标，到了50岁，肥胖问题严重影响了健康，作者希望这种情况得到改变，在讨论队队长的影响下，作者开始制定并实施计划，不但使自己减重150磅，还通过募捐帮助了需要帮助的人，这是一件很有意义的事情。

（1）本题考查动词辨析。句意：我用它来消除坏的感觉。A.增加；B.混合；C.消除，杀死；D.分享。根据to make myself feel better可知，表示为了让自己感觉更好，所以我要消除坏的感觉。故选C。

（2）本题考查副词辨析。句意：当我50岁时，我的体重问题开始严重地影响我。A.简单地；B.特别地；C.秘密地；D.严重地。根据I didn't want to live the rest of my life with this extra weight any more我不想再这么超重过我的下半生可知，可知体重严重影响我的生活，故选D。

（3）本题考查动词辨析。句意：那一年，我参加了一个研讨会，在那里我们被要求创建一个可接触世界项目，A.组织；B.提及；C.参加；D.要求。根据where we were asked to create a project that would touch the world.可知，表示加入了研讨课，故选C。

（4）本题考查形容词辨析。句意：一个研讨课的领导分享了她的成功的故事。A.悲伤的；B.成功的；C.古代的；D.卡通。根据she had not only lost 125 pounds, but also raised ＄25,000 for homeless children可知这是一个成功的故事，故选B。

（5）本题考查动词辨析。句意：受到她的故事的影响，我创建了当我痊愈，这个世界也愈合的项目。A.使惊奇；B.使想起；C.影响；D.控制。根据by her story, I created the As We heal（痊愈）, the World Heals project.可知，表示受她的故事的影响，故选C。（6）本题考查连词辨析。句意：当我开始我自己个人的体重项目，我心里充满了恐惧，担心自己会遇到和以前一样的困难。A.当……时候（引导时间状语从句）；B.直到（引导时间状语从句）；C.如果（引导条件状语从句）；D.除非（引导条件状语从句）。根据I began my own personal weight program, I was filled with the fear that I would run into the

same difficulties that beat me before.可知当我开始自己个人的体重项目时，是一个时间状语从句，故选A。

（7）本题考查名词辨析。句意：当恐惧笼罩着我的脑袋时，也有迹象表明我正在沿着正确的道路前进。A.振奋；B.害怕；C.生气；D.高兴。根据I was filled with the fear that I would run into the same difficulties that beat me before可知，表示恐惧，故选B。

（8）本题考查动词辨析。句意：捐款开始从成百上千的人中纷至沓来。A.破坏；B.踩踏；

C.跳；

D.涌出。根据句意可知，表示捐款像洪水一样涌来，故选D。

（9）本题考查形容词辨析。句意：我经常吃小而健康的餐并经常锻炼。A.重的；B.健康的；C.代价、损失；D.满的。根据Of course, I also took some practical steps to lose weight.表示吃健康的食物，故选B。

（10）本题考查动词辨析。句意：一年以后，我达到了自己的目标：我减了150磅并且筹集了50000美元。A.达到；B.记得；C.错过，想念；D.下降。根据my goal可知我达到目标，故选A。

【点评】此题考查完形填空。跳过空格，了解大意。复读短文，判断词形。把握短文大意后再认真复读短文，利用上下文的语境，结合所学过的知识，先确定空格处所需词语的意义，再根据空格在句子中的位置，判断其在句中充当的成分，从而确定所填词的词性，再依据词语搭配和语法规则，判断所填的词的正确形式。选出正确选项。最后通读短文，核查最后答案。

13．Choose the words or expressions and complete the passage.

Travel can be exciting but also dangerous at times. Follow these safety tips to protect yourself. ?Choose your ground transportation 1 .

Whenever possible, travel in a vehicle（机动车） that is in good condition and offers working seat belts. Research the safety records of bus companies, and avoid using less-safe vehicles.

?Find information about your destination

Get trustworthy 2 about wherever you're visiting. Find out everything, from the local laws to any travel warnings （including crime and security warnings）. Make your plan according to the information.

?Review the escape route in your hotel room

Let's be honest—when you check into a hotel room, you're more 3 beds or swimming pools than studying the map on the back of your door. But before you get too settled in, you should take a quick look at the emergency（紧急情况） escape routes. You'll be glad you did if an emergency arises in the middle of the night.

?Prepare a copy of your passport

Before you leave, get a copy of your passport, take a photo of it to save on your cell phone, and email it to yourself. That way, if you need your passport while out （but it's locked up in your hotel safe）, you'll have all your information. Plus, if it's stolen, getting a replacement will be much 4 .

?Confirm（确认） visitors with the hotel desk

You're in your hotel room and there's a knock at the door from someone saying he is the worker

in the hotel. 5 you let this person in, call down to the front desk to make sure.

?Save emergency numbers

Find out what the local emergency hotlines are and save them to your phone. Also 6 the phone numbers of your country's embassies and save those addresses as well.

1. A. regularly B. properly C. directly D. quickly

2. A. conclusions B. advertisements C. memories D. details

3. A. surprised at B. careful with C. interested in D. used to

4. A. worse B. cheaper C. easier D. clearer

5. A. While B. Before C. Until D. As

6. A. look up B. fill in C. work out D. deal with

【答案】（1）B；（2）D；（3）C；（4）C；（5）B；（6）A；

【解析】【分析】短文大意：本文主要讲述的是有关于旅行安全的事情，有几点需要注意，第一是确保车辆安全，第二是尽可能的规划好所有的事情，第三是在陌生环境要注意

人身安全，第四是其他一些事情，比如获取一些紧急联系方式、熟知旅馆逃生路线等。

（1）本题考查副词辨析。句意：正确地选择地面交通工具。A日常的，B正确的，合适的，C直接的，D迅速的，根据Whenever possible， travel in a vehicle（机动车） that is in good condition and offers working seat belts确保车辆是否正常，有无安全带，所以应该是正

确的选择安全性较高的车辆，故选B。

（2）本题考查名词辨析。句意：无论你去哪里，都要获得可靠的细节。A结论，B广告，

C记忆，D细节，根据Find out everything，from the local laws to any travel warnings要确保

知道所有的事情，包括当地的法律以及出行注意事项，由此可知是弄清楚相关的细节，故

选D。

（3）本题考查短语辨析。句意：实话实说，当你入住酒店，相比于门后的地图，你对床

或游泳池更感兴趣。A惊讶，B仔细，C感兴趣，D过去常常，根据beds or swimming pools than studying the map on the back of your door提到了两种东西，一个是床和游泳池，另外

一个是门后面的逃生地图，由此可知是相比于地图，对床和游泳池更感兴趣，故选C。

（4）本题考查形容词辨析。句意：如果被偷了，找一个代替品更容易。A更糟，B更便宜，C更简单，D更清楚，根据Plus，if it's stolen 如果被偷了，因为之前拍照了，所以再

办或者查找备份信息会很容易，故选C。

（5）本题考查连词辨析。句意：在你让这个人进来之前，先给前台打个电话确认一下。A

然而，B之前，C直到，D当……时候，根据call down to the front desk to make sure向前台

询问情况是否属实，这应该在让别人进门之前，故选B。

（6）本题考查动词短语辨析。句意：还可以查询贵国大使馆的电话号码，并保存这些地址。A查阅，B装满，C解决，D处理，根据the phone numbers of your country's embassies and save those addresses as well大使馆的号码，保存下来，在保存信息之前需要先找到这些

信息，故选A。

【点评】此题考查完形填空。我们先阅读短文，了解短文大意。然后根据上下文的联系和

语境决定句子所缺的成分，从所给的选项中选出合适的词，然后将短文再仔细阅读一遍，

确定问题正确答案。

14．完形填空

English is important in our society. Different people have 1 ideas on how to learn English well. Some think you must learn grammar well 2 you want to learn English well. Others believe that you can't learn English well unless you 3 as many English words as possible.

As for me, I don't think so. Grammar rules, new words and phrases are very important, but they are not 4 . You still need to learn something else, or you cannot be good at English. For example, many of my classmates 5 grammar. They have learned a lot of English words and phrases by heart, yet they can't express 6 in English when they meet foreign friends. So I think the best way to learn English well is to learn and 7 English all the time. Don't be afraid to make mistakes and be 8 . Unless you keep practicing it again and again, you can't learn it well. That means we'd better practice listening, speaking, reading and writing as much as possible. What's more, if we can form the habit of thinking and writing 9 English all day, we are sure to learn English well.

What's your opinion? Do you have any ideas on this topic? Please 10 us and give us your advice.

1. A. same B. different C. interesting D. surprising

2. A. if B. though C. because D. until

3. A. remember B. meet C. realize D. forget

4. A. good B. easy C. enough D. bad

5. A. are good at B. are born with C. are poor in D. are worried about

6. A. ourselves B. yourselves C. themselves D. itself

7. A. listen B. read C. speak D. use

8. A. looked after B. laughed at C. taken away D. dressed up

9. A. on B. to C. with D. in

10. A. think of B. lay out C. put on D. write to

【答案】（1）B；（2）A；（3）A；（4）C；（5）A；（6）C；（7）D；（8）B；（9）D；（10）D；

【解析】【分析】文章大意：英语在生活中很重要，有人认为学习单词重要，作者认为单词，语法和短语都很重要，但是并不够，必须要使用英语，用英语思考，用英语写作。（1）句意：关于英语学好，不同的人有不同的观点。A.相同的；B.不同的；C.有趣的；D 令人吃惊的。根据下面的陈述可知，不同的人有不同的观点，应使用different，故答案是B。

（2）句意：一些人认为如果你想学好英语，你必须学好语法。A.如果；B.尽管；C.因为；

D.直到。设空的前后句构成的是条件关系，应使用if构成条件状语从句，故答案是A。（3）句意：其他人相信，除非你记住尽可能多的单词，否则你不会学好英语。A.记住；B.见面；C.意识到；D.忘记，根据as many English words as possible.可知是尽可能多的记住单词，故答案是A。

（4）句意：语法规则、生词和短语都很重要，但是这些并不够。A.好的；B.容易的；C.足

够的；D.坏的，根据下文的叙述可知，除了这些之外还需要学习其他知识，所以语法。生

词和短语这些并不够，故答案是C。

（5）句意：例如，我的许多同学擅长语法。A.擅长；B.天生；C.在……弱；D.担心，此处是

用学好语法却不能表达自己做例子，说明擅长语法，不一定能学好英语。故答案是A。

（6）句意：然而，当他们遇到外国人的时候，他们不能英语表达自己。A.我们自己；B.你

们自己；C.他们自己；D.它自己。反身代词往往和主语是一致的，主语是they，所以反身

代词为themselves，故答案是C。

（7）句意：因此我认为学好英语最好的方法是学英语用英语。A.听；B.读；C.说；D.使用，语言是一种工具，只有使用才能够掌握，故答案是D。

（8）句意：不要怕出错，不要怕被嘲笑。A.照看；B.嘲笑；C.拿走；D.打扮，因为说错了

别人会嘲笑，所以就不敢说了，所以不要怕别人嘲笑。故答案是B。

（9）句意：而且，如果我们能养成用英语思和写作的习惯，我们一定会学好英语，A.在……上；B.表示动作方向；C.带有，D.在……里，使用。用某种语言使用介词in，故答案是D。

（10）句意：请给我们写信给我们你的建议。A.想起；B.铺开；C.穿上；D.给某人写，write to sb.给某人写信，固定短语，故答案是D。

【点评】考查词汇在篇章中的运用能力，答题时首先要跳过空格通读文章掌握其大意，然

后细读文章字斟句酌逐一作答，注意考虑句型、语法、搭配、语境等因素。最后通读一遍

检查验证。

15．阅读短文, 从每题所给选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。（共15小题；每小题

1分，满分15分）

Telling the truth is a very good habit. Here is a story of a man who did lots of bad things, but his promise to tell the truth 1 him.

One morning the man came to the prophet（先知）Muhammad and said, "Oh prophet of Allah, I have many bad 2 . Which one should I 3 first?"

The prophet said," 4 telling lies first and always tell the truth." The man promised to do so.

He went home and thought about the prophet's 5 all day. But at night he planned to go out to steal something. Before leaving home, he said to 6 , "If tomorrow the prophet asks me 7 I have been, shall I say that I went out to steal? No, I can't say that. But

8 can I tell a lie. If I tell the truth, everyone will call me a thief." So the man decided

9 that night.

Next day, when the man was about to drink 10 , he thought, "What shall I say to the prophet 11 he asks me what I did during the day? I 12 not tell a lie, and if I tell the truth, people will hate me because a Muslim is not allowed to drink wine." So he gave up the idea of drinking wine. 13 , whenever the man thought of doing something bad, he 14 remembered his promise to tell the truth. Step by step, he didn't do anything 15 .

He became a good Muslim and a very good person.

1. A. saved B. killed C. reminded D. developed

小学语文记叙文阅读理解专题训练

记叙文记叙文的特点就是以记叙为主要表达方式，综合其他表达方式；以记人、叙事、写景、状物为主要内容；通过描述人物、时间及状物、写景来表达一定的中心。记叙文是指记人、叙事、写景、状物等类的文章。古代的记、传、序、表、志等，现代的消息、通讯、简报、特写、传记、回忆录、游记等，都属于记叙文的范畴。写作记叙文要做到一下几点：第一，要交代明白。无论记人记事，还是写景状物，一般都要交代明白时间、地点、人物、事件、原因、结果，否则文章就不完整。第二，线索清楚。虽然观察的角度、记述的方式可以不同，但每一篇文章都应当有一条绾联材料、统贯全篇的中心线索，否则文章就会松散。第三，人称要一致。无论用第一人称“我”记述，还是用第三人称“他”记述，都要通篇一贯，一般不宜随意转换，否则就容易造成混乱。记叙文以记叙为主，但往往也间有描写、抒情和议论，不可能有截然的划分。它是一种形式灵活、写法尽可能多样的文体。记叙文,是以叙述为主要表达方式，以写人物的经历和事物发展变化为主要内容的一种文体。说明文说明文是以说明为主要表达方式来解说事物、阐明事理而给人知识的文章体裁。它通过揭示概念来说明事物特征、本质及其规律性。说明文实用性很强，它包括广告、说明书、提要、提示、规则、章程、解说词、科学小品等。说明文一般介绍事物的形状、构造、类别、关系、功能，解释事物的原理、含义、特点、演变等。文艺性说明文是通过文艺的形式介绍科学知识的说明文。说明文的特点是“说”，而且具有一定的知识性。这种知识，或者来自有关科学研究资料，或者是亲身实践、调查、考察的所得，都具有严格的科学性。为了要把事物说明白，就必须把握事物的特征，进而揭示出事物的本质属性，即不仅要说明“是什么”，还要说明“为什么”是这样。应用性说明文一般只要求说明事物的特征，阐述性说明文则必须揭示出问题的本源和实质。说明文是客观地说明事物的一种文体，目的在于给人以知识：或说明事物的状态、性质、功能，或阐明事理。《中国石拱桥》属于前者，它以赵州桥和卢沟桥为例说明中国石拱桥“不但形式优美，而且结构坚固”的特征。《大自然的语言》属于后者，文章科学地说明了物候学知识。说明事物特点和阐明事理是说明文的两种类型。议论文议论文是对某个问题或某件事进行分析、评论，表明自己的观点、立场、态度、看法和主张的一种文体。议论文有三要素，即论点、论据和论证。论点的基本要求是：观点正确，认真概括，有实际意义，恰当地综合运用各种表达方式；论据基本要求是：真实可靠，充分典型；论证的基本要求是：推理必须符合逻辑。写议论文要考虑论点，考虑用什么作论据来证明它，怎样来论证，然后得出结论。它可以是先提出一个总论点，然后分别进行论述，分析各个分论点，最后得出结论；也可以先引述一个故事，一段对话，或描写一个场面，再一层一层地从事实分析出道理，归纳引申出一个新的结论。这种写法叫总分式，是中学生经常采用的一种作文方式。也可以在文章开头先提出一个人们关心的疑问，然后一一

记叙文阅读答题技巧及习题练习(含答案)

记叙文阅读答题技巧一、考点、热点回顾 1．问文章体裁？答：此文是一篇。备选答案有：诗歌小说（长篇小说、中篇小说、短篇小说、小小说）散文(抒情散文、叙事散文、议论性散文即哲理散文)——要求形散而神不散剧本说明文议论文 2．记叙文六要素？时间、地点、人物、事件起因、经过、结果 3．文章内容？方法：看题目、人物（事物）、事件，进行综合、概括。强调三个部分：内容是什么，文章怎么样，作者怎么样。答： 4．材料组织特点？紧紧围绕中心选取典型事件，剪裁得体，详略得当。 5．划分层次？（1）按时间划分（找表示时间的短语）（2）按地点划分（找表示地点的短语）（3）按事情发展过程（找各个事件）（4）总分总（掐头去尾） 6．记叙线索及作用？线索（明线和暗线）———核心人物、核心事物、核心事件、时间、地点、作者的情感作用：是贯穿全文的脉络，把文中的人物和事件有机地连在一起，使文章条理清楚、层次清晰。7．为文章拟标题。找文章的线索或中心，依据有

（1）核心人物（2）核心事物 (3)核心事件（4）作者情感 8．品味题目可以从—— A内容上 B主题上 C线索 D设置悬念上等方面进行品味。示例：（1）主题上结合主旨必答，如象征性的散文题目，也可以这样回答：拟题巧妙，一语双关，本指…实指…，突出主题，耐人寻味。（2）说明文：用了什么修辞手法，生动形象说明了……，点明了本文说明的主要内容，点明了本文说明对象。 9．了解人称的作用。第一人称：第二人称：第三人称： 10．记叙顺序及作用？（1）顺叙（按事情发展先后顺序）作用：（2）倒叙（先写结果，再交待前面发生的事。）作用：（3）插叙（叙事时中断线索，插入相关的另一件事。）作用： 11．语言特色？结合语境和修辞方法从下列语句中选择：形象生动、清新优美、简洁凝练、准确严密、精辟深刻、通俗易懂、音韵和谐、节奏感强、诙谐幽默。必须结合具体语句分析。一般指口语的通俗易懂，书面语的严谨典雅，文学语言的鲜明、生动、富于形象性和充满感情色彩。 12．写作手法及作用？狭义的写作手法即“表达方式”，广义的写作手法是指写文章的一切手法，诸如表达方式、修辞手法、先抑后扬、想象、联想、象征、开门见山、托物言志、设置悬念、借景抒情、抑扬结合、正反对比、侧面烘托、虚实结合、以小见大、运用第二人称抒情、卒章显志、巧设悬念、首尾呼应、铺垫映衬、一线串珠、明线暗线等。常用具体如下：（1）拟人手法赋予事物以人的性格、思想、感情和动作，使物人格化，从而达到形象生动的效果。（2）比喻手法形象生动、简洁凝练地描写事物、讲解道理。

九年级语文记叙文阅读专项练习(含答案)

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