初三首字母

精品班学科优化学案

Leading -in

从近几年的考题来看，短文填空题所考查的单词涉及的词性范围较广，几乎涉及到了十大词类，但常考的多为名词，动词，形容词，副词，代词等。文中所涉及的语言知识面较宽，学生需运用已学过的词法、句法及常用词组、短语、惯用法等知识进行具体分析后再答题，有一定的难度。文章短小、精致，字数通常在100～150之间。短文的体裁不一，有记叙文、说明文、议论文等。短文题材丰富，内容通俗易懂，与现代生活紧密相关 ? 首字母填空的解题方法和技巧：

短文填空题失分率较高，其原因也是较多的。有些同学或急于求成，或过于自信，或为节省时间，在未通读完全文时便匆匆答题。殊不知这样做会适得其反，达不到良好的效果。因此，了解和掌握正确的解题方法和技巧是十分必要的，今天，来和大家一起分享老师的四步法：

◆ 第一步：通读全文，了解大意

短文中虽有一些词未知，但不影响对文章主要内容的理解。在初步阅读中，可以跳过空格，尽量捕捉文章所提供的内容信息，以及语法结构方面的提示，有助于下一步的分析与判断。

◆ 第二步： 再读全文，理清脉络

通读全文、掌握大意后，还应逐字逐句地仔细阅读，从文意中找出句与文、句与句、词与句、词与词之间的关系，尤其是一些不易察觉的、隐含的微妙关系，用已知信息去获取未知信息，以便初步确定答案。在答题过程中，同学们可以把有把握的词先填好，逐步减少空格对阅读造成的障碍，然后再仔细推敲剩下的难题。

◆ 第三步：仔细推敲，确保准确

词义判断正确了不等于答题正确，同学们还应从词法、句法、惯用法等方面考虑答案的准确性。有的学生经过思考确定了一个意思正确的词作为答案，但忽略了从语法角度再进行验证，因而出现了一些与时态、人称等有关的词形变化的错误。如果填的词是名词，首先要考虑到单、复数的问题；如果是动词，要考虑应使用什么时态和语态。

注意：填入的词既能使句意通顺，又能做到语法、用词搭配的正确。如bought 易误答成buy ；lights 易误答成light ；reaches 易误答成reach; heavier 易误答成heavy 等。 因此，在初步确定答案后，一定还要反复考虑，仔细推敲，确保用词准确

◆ 第四步：复读全文，全面检查

答题完毕后复读全文，进行核查是必不可少的。做完题后，一定要认真检查，尽量减少粗心所致的笔误或拼写错误，对有疑问的地方，更要根据文章的内容、上下文的语法结构、逻辑发展进行反复斟酌，这样才能尽量避免失分。

Aim -focus

例题1：

Read the passage and fill in the blanks with proper words:（在短文的空格内填入适当的词，使其内容通顺。每空格限填一词，首字母已给）

A ：Hi ，how are you?

B ：Fine ，thanks. Yesterday morning I saw your father in the street, I went up to takl to him, but he said he didn't know me. I was confused.

A: It c__(1)__ be him! My father was at home studying English at that time.

B: Oh, sorry! I must have made a mistake. But why is your father studying English now?

A: He wants to i__(2)__ his English. Last month he went to New York, U.S.A. He couldn't go anywhere alone because he didn't understand people there. Once he was almost l__(3)__. And when he felt h__(4)__, he even didn't know i__(5)__ there's a good place to eat.

B: What a pity! He should have studied English really hard if he often goes to English-speaking countries. A: You're right. Now he is studying English b__(6)__ listening to tapes.

B: Good. By the way, are you free tonight? How about having dinner and then see the latest 3D m__(7)__? A: OK, that's great! See you later.

1. ______

2. ______

3. ______

4. ______

5. ______

6. ______

7. ______

Key ：1. can't （couldn't ） 2. improve 3. lost 4. hungry 5. if 6. by 7. movie

首字母填空小技巧：揣测句意（结合语境）

（1）It c__(1)__ be him! My father was at home studying English at that time.在上篇完型中我们讲到了符号的重要性，此处各位注意找一下，关键符号“！”，我们知道感叹号可以表示惊讶、非常肯定等，我们在把视线移到后半句，我的爸爸那个时候正在家里学习英语，结合两者，我们可以确定“那不可能是他”，应该用can't 来表示不可能

（2）He wants to i__(2)__ his English. Last month he went to New York, U.S.A. He couldn't go anywhere alone because he didn't understand people there. 所谓有因必有果，如果读完以上三句句子，我们不难发现后面两句是第一句的因，从后两句来看，上个月他去了美国纽约（去干吗呢？）。他不能单独地去任何地方因为他不能理解那里的人。（其实就是语言不通）由此可见，他想要的是提升自己的英语水平，want to 后要跟动词原形，故用improve

（3）、（4）、（5）需要结合起来来看，Once he was almost l__(3)__. And when he felt h__(4)__, he even didn't know i__(5)__ there's a good place to eat.首先我们要知道Once 是什么意思，这里的once 解释为曾经，然后我们又可以发现在后半句开头有个And ，前后句子之间存在着并列关系，他曾经几乎______。并且当他感到_______，他甚至不知道_______有好的吃饭的地方。关键的地方在于“eat”这个动词，关于吃，那肯定是感到饿了，（3）应该填hungry ，（5）这个词根据前后判断应该是连词，i 开头的连词，我们初中就学到的一个，那就是if ，犹未注意这里的if 是表示是否的意思。后半句语意完整了，那我们就通过揣测后半句来推前半句，后半句的句意为并且当他感到饥饿的时候，他设置不知道是否有好的吃饭的地方。用and 并列两个相同的情况，除了饥饿之外，那就是迷路了，所以要用到词组be lost ，（3）处应该填lost

（6）Now he is studying English b__(6)__ listening to tapes.（6）前后的关系，我们知道现在他正在学习英语通过听磁带的方式。

（7）By the way, are you free tonight? How about having dinner and then see the latest 3D m__(7)__?

Let's have a try

现在最流行的就是3D电影了，所以出现了3D，那后面又是以m字母开头，显然应该填movie，此处应该用单数，因为前面有最高级

例题2：

Read the passage and fill in the blanks with proper words:（在短文的空格内填入适当的词，使其内容通顺。每空格限填一词，首字母已给）

Dreams may be more important than sleep. Some people don't need much sleep. H__(1)__, we all need to dream according to the scientists.

Dreams take up about one quarter of our sleeping time. People have several dreams e__(2)__ night. Dreams are like short films. They are usually in color. Some dreams are l__(3)__ old films. They come to us over and again. That may be because the dreamer is worrying about something.

Dreaming may be a w__(4)__ of trying to find an answer. Some people get new ideas about their work from dreams. They could have been t__(5)__ about their work all day. Then these things go into their dreams.

Sometimes we wake up with a good feeling from a dream. But often we can't remember the dream. Dreams can d__(6)__ quickly from memory.

Too much dreaming isn't good. The m__(7)__ we sleep, the longer we dream. Our mind is hard at work when we dream. That is why we may have a long sleep and still wake up tired.

1. ______

2. ______

3. ______

4. ______

5. ______

6. ______

7. ______

Key：1. However 2. every 3. like 4. way 5. thinking 6. disappear 7. more

首字母填空小技巧：判断词性与句子成分

（1）通过这个空格，大家很容易判断在逗号前常出现的就是转折副词However然而，我们在将结合上下句意思进行检验，一些人不需要太多的睡眠。然而，根据科学家所说，我们都需要做梦。前后句子的关系是转折关系。（2）从句子成分而言，e______ night在句子中做时间状语，从词性来讲，night是跟名词，前应用形容词来修饰，所以此处应该填的是every

（3）Some dreams are l__(3)__ old films.在句子成分中，此处要不做的是状语，要不做的就是表语，若做表语（3）处填的就应该是一个形容词或者名词，但是从整句句意来看，（3）应该填的是介词，在整句句子中作状语，表示的意思为一些梦就像是老电影

（4）a冠词后面往往跟的是名词短语，而在（4）有介词of，所以（4）填的是一个名词，结合整句句子来看，做梦也许是尝试找到一个答案的方法

（5）have been t_____，这个结构中很容易看出是一个时态的结构，在be动词后如果跟现在分词表示进行，如果be动词后跟过去分词，则表示被动，从此处来看不存在被动关系，所以此处应该用现在分词thinking，整句话的意思为他们却不能一整天在谈论他们的工作

（6）Dreams can d__(6)__ quickly from memory. 在can情态动词之后应该跟动词原形，所以（6）应该填的是一个动词，从整句话中可以看出，梦能够从记忆中快速消失，所以用disappear

（7）The m__(7)__ we sleep, the longer we dream. 此句中用了一个the+比较级，the+比较级的结构，从后一句来看longer是副词的比较级，所以前者应该也用副词的比较级，整句句意表示为我们睡的越多，我们做梦的时间就越长，所以此处填more

例题3：

Read the passage and fill in the blanks with proper words:（在短文的空格内填入适当的词，使其内容通顺。每空格限填一词，首字母已给）

When the Chinese swimmer Liu Zige won the gold medal in the women's 200-meter butterfly at the 2008 Beijing Olympics, many people said her success was just good l__(1)__. Now, Liu's talent and effort has proved that she is no falling star in world swimming.

At the World Cup short-course meet in berlin on November 15, 2009, Liu broke her own world record that had been set four days earlier in Stockholm, Sweden, in the women's 200-meter butterfly. During

the past month, she has won gold medals and b__(2)__ the world record three times in this event. Liu attributes her great success to her tough training. The 20-year-old girl says she hasn't had a day off s__(3)__ she won the silver medal at Rome World Championships in July, 2009.

When she's not training, Liu keeps herself away from the noisy world outside. That's w__(4)__ she never appears on front pages but wins top results in competions.

Unlike most players who struggle for victory, Liu doesn't care too m__(5)__ about setting the world record. "Even tiny progress can make a new record, which is very common in the pool," Liu sai."I believe hard work pays off."

Liu started swimming at the age of seven. A__(6)__ being trained at a sports school in Benxi, Liaoning for two years, she joined a swimming club and began her career. In 2007, Liu joined the national s__(7)__ team.

1. ______

2. ______

3. ______

4. ______

5. ______

6. ______

7. ______

Key：1. luck 2. broken 3. since 4. why 5. much 6. After 7. swimming

首字母填空小技巧：推理法

（1）many people said her success was just good l__(1)__. Now, Liu's talent and effort has proved that she is no falling star in world swimming. 这个空要填出来，我们需要先结合语言环境进行判断，这里我们用从后往前推的方法：现在，刘的天赋和努力已经证明了她在世界泳坛并不是一个失败的明星。从这句话我们看，说明之前有人说她是失败的明星，前句表示许多人说她的成功只是好运（与后一句推测的意思相吻合），所以此处应该填luck，因为good是形容词后应该填的是名词

（2）During the past month, she has won gold medals and b__(2)__ the world record three times in this event.在过去的几个月，她已经赢得了多枚金牌，这里的并列连词and表示前后应该是并列的关系，后面我们也可以想到一个词组break the record 打破记录，由此应该填break，但要注意时态的变化，这里与前面的won共用一个has，所以应该填过去分词broken

（3）The 20-year-old girl says she hasn't had a day off s__(3)__ she won the silver medal at Rome World Championships in July, 2009.这题我们可以通过语法点来解题，前句用的现在完成时态，后句用的一般过去时态，那连接这一时态的连词在我们初中学习的s开头的只有since

（4）When she's not training, Liu keeps herself away from the noisy world outside. That's w__(4)__ she never appears on front pages but wins top results in competions.这里运用到推测法的从前往后推的模式，前一句很明显是有一句的原因，其实这里考到的是表语从句，应用why

（5）Liu doesn't care too m__(5)__ about setting the world record. 跟在too这个副词以m开头的字母有两个，一个是many，一个是much，这边它表示的是一个抽象的概念，意思是刘并不关注太多关于创造世界记录。所以应该用much来修饰抽象的概念

（6）A__(6)__ being trained at a sports school in Benxi, Liaoning for two years, she joined a swimming club and began her career.通过语法知识来解题，A之后是一个动名词的被动语态，在这里考查的是介词后加动名词，通过推测法，后面句意比较完整，从后向前推，她加入了一个游泳俱乐部并开始她的职业生涯。由此看前面的意思为在辽宁的本溪的一所运动学校被锻炼了两年。前半部分是在后半部分之前，所以应该用After （7）In 2007, Liu joined the national s__(7)__ team.在2007年，刘加入了国家游泳队。这里是一个事件的先后，加入了游泳俱乐部后，之后通过努力加入了国家游泳队，所以应该用swimming

例题4：

Read the passage and fill in the blanks with proper words:（在短文的空格内填入适当的词，使其内容通顺。每空格限填一词，首字母已给）

In the early days, using a computer was very hard beacuse of its large size. Douglas Engelbart, a researcher who worked in Silicon Valley, wanted to find a way to make using computers e__(1)__. In 1963, he invented the first computer mouse.

Nowadays, a computer mouse is a standard p __(2)__ of a computer. It is used to tell a computer what to do. It got its name because the wire coming out of the end of the first computer mouse reminded

people of the t__(3)__ of a real mouse. Many mice today are wireless and run on batteries.

The user can move the mouse to move the cursor（指针）shown on the screen in the same direction. If there is something on the screen that the user wants to c__(4)__, he can move the cursor over it and click the l__(5)__ button of the mouse. The right button is used to open menus. Most computer mice have only two or three buttons, but some have more buttons to do more work. They also have a "scroll wheel" - a small wheel b__(6)__ the two main mouse buttons. The user can move the wheel back or forth to "scroll" through things like a website or folder（文件夹）, which m__(7)__ moving it up or down on the screen.

1. ______

2. ______

3. ______

4. ______

5. ______

6. ______

7. ______

Key：1. easier 2. part 3. tail 4. choose 5. left 6. between 7. means

首字母填空小技巧：常规固定搭配法

（1）a researcher who worked in Silicon Valley, wanted to find a way to make using computers e__(1)__. 看到这道题目我们可能会难以下手，但是这里有个词make，是我们突破的关键，在初中我们学过make常规的搭配：make sb do以及make sb/sth adj，这里using computer明显是sth，所以在（1）应该用形容词，结合全句，一名在Silicon Valley工作的研究者想要找到一个让使用电脑怎么样地方法，在往前推到前一句，电脑的尺寸太大了，而一段最后一句说他发明了个鼠标，明显前后有所比较，而且使得电脑的使用变得更容易，所以（1）应该用形容词的比较级：easier【这个空有点难，在考试的时候可能会成为难点之一】

（2） Nowadays, a computer mouse is a standard p __(2)__ of a computer. 结合整句句意来看，这里对于standard这个词很多学生不熟悉，但是从整个结构来看a _____ of，鼠标是电脑的一部分，所以用到了固定搭配a part of，而standard这里只做形容词用来修饰part，表示是标准的一部分

（3）It got its name because the wire coming out of the end of the first computer mouse reminded people of the t__(3)__ of a real mouse. 主要介绍的是鼠标名字的由来，其实只要看后半句remind sb of sth，表示提醒某人某事，这里定冠词the后应该用名词，提醒人们是一个真正老鼠的什么，联合实际想下，鼠标像什么，老鼠的尾巴（只是线比较长而已），所以这里应该填tail

（4）、（5）If there is something on the screen that the user wants to c__(4)__, he can move the cursor over it and click the l__(5)__ button of the mouse. 又碰到了一句多空的现象，按照我们之前说，应该先把容易的给填出来，逐个击破，这里我们先通看下全句，如果有使用者想要干嘛（动作）的东西在屏幕上，他能够移动指针到它上面并且点击鼠标的左键（用过电脑的应该都清楚）所以（5）应该填left，我们在联合实际，点击鼠标左键其实是要选中某个点击的事物，所以很明显（4）应该填choose

（6）They also have a "scroll wheel" - a small wheel b__(6)__ the two main mouse buttons. 这里可能有些单词不认识，但是联想鼠标上有些什么，除了两个按键还有一个在中间的滑轮，这里就不难填了，应该填between，表示在两个主要的鼠标键中间有一个小滑轮

（7）The user can move the wheel back or forth to "scroll" through things like a website or folder （文件夹）, which m__(7)__ moving it up or down on the screen.如果遇到空格在从句中，一定要先看主句在看从句进行判断，主句意思是使用者能够移动滑轮前后来浏览那些像一张网页或一个文件夹的东西，而后半句是表示做前面整句的定语从句，表示的前面整句话的意思也表示能够在屏幕上上上下下的移动它（一张网页或一个文件夹），接下来看从句，从句中缺少谓语动词，这里指代前面整句句子，所以谓语动词要用单词，而后面的moving又提示我们，要注意固定搭配，这里用到的是mean doing sth，表示意味着做某事

Practice makes prefect

实战演练1：

Read the passage and fill in the blanks with proper words:（在短文的空格内填入适当的词，使其内容通顺。每空格限填一词，首字母已给）

In Denmark, parents are allowed to set up a new school if they are not satisfied with the school in the area where they are living. A__(1)__ these schools have to follow the national courses, they have a lot of c__(2)__ in deciding what to teach. Some of these new schools are called "small schools" because the number of pupils is only sixty, but at l__(3)__ there should be twenty-seven pupils.

Cooleenbridge School in Ireland is a small school similar to the ones in Denmark. It was set up by parents who came from Holland, Germany, England and o__(4)__ parts of Ireland. They came because they wanted to live in the countryside and to grow their own food. In June 1986, they decided to start a school. They m__(5)__ to get an old, disused（废弃的）primary school building and started with twenty-four children a__(6)__ from four to twelve.

The teacher say, "The important thing in school is doing, not sitting." And so the courses include yoga, cooking, knitting, kite-making, music, fishing , drama and environment s__(7)__, as well as reading, writing, Maths and Science.

Key：1. Although 2. choices 3. least 4. other 5. managed 6. aged 7. studies

首字母填空小技巧：综合用法

（1）、（2）A__(1)__ these schools have to follow the national courses, they have a lot of c__(2)__ in deciding what to teach. 遇到两个空的句子，首先，我们先看较为完整的前半句，这些学校不得不遵循国家规定课程，而后半句为他们有许多什么在决定教什么方面。前后两句通读下，发现两句之间必然存在一种关系，这种关系即为转折，虽然被限制，但是还是有许多选择在决定方面，所以此处两个空应该填的是Although与choices

（3）这里考的是固定搭配，但是有些同学第一印象可能是at last，首先代进去看下，Some of these new schools are called "small schools" because the number of pupils is only sixty, but at l__(3)__ there should be twenty-seven pupils.这些新学校中的一些被称为小学校因为学生的数量只有60人，但是但是最后应该有27名小学生。很显然句意在此不通顺，这里考查的是固定搭配at least，应该是至少应该有27名小学生，因为没有前就没有后，所以不存在at last的情况

（4）It was set up by parents who came from Holland, Germany, England and o__(4)__ parts of Ireland 通过语法的方法来解题，首先我们看parts是一个名词的复数，and这个连词又起并列的作用，很显然这里应该填形容词，表示其它的的形容词又以o开头的只有我们常见的other

（5）、（6）They m__(5)__ to get an old, disused（废弃的）primary school building and started with twenty-four children a__(6)__ from four to twelve. 如果词汇记忆熟悉的话，（5）的固定搭配就出来了，manage to do sth 解释为想法设法做某事（若想不出的话，可以结合前2句来看，They came because they wanted to live in the countryside and to grow their own food. In June 1986, they decided to start a school. 他们来是因为他们想要住在乡村并且种植他们自己的食物。在1986年的6月，他们决定开一所学校，由此可以判断后半句是先要想办法找到一所旧的被废弃的学校，因此填manage to do sth）；后半段句意为开始是以24个孩子年龄从4岁到12岁，这里是过去分词作状语（这空考的比较难），所以应该填aged

（7）And so the courses include yoga, cooking, knitting, kite-making, music, fishing , drama and environment s__(7)__, as well as reading, writing, Maths and Science.综合句意来看，（7）应该是填studies，表示环境研究

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