初中英语代词it的用法及练习

it的用法
It’s hot today.? 今天很热。
it为人称代词，主格与宾格同形。该词用法灵活，从中文立场看，好些无主语的句子，在译成英文时，都非请IT协助不可。例如：
是这样！（That's it!）
没办法。（It can't be helped.）
轮到我了。（It is my turn.）
事实上，我们可以打败他们。（As it is, we can beat them.）
离开这里不远。（It is not far from here.）
只要一块钱。（It is only one dollar.）
这儿真热。（It is so hot here!）
此外，“it”还有下列五种用法：
1）代替上文提到的事物或情况，如：
Look up the word in the dictionary if it is difficult to you. 如果这个词太难了，就查字典。
I would appreciate it if you could do me a favour. 如果你能帮我就太感谢了。
2）代替没生命的东西，如：
Here is a plastic box. It is useful. 这是一个塑料盒子。它很有用。
Don't throw the old newspaper away; you may need it. 别把那份就报纸扔了，我可能会需要它。
3）代替普通动物，如：
The dog outside belongs to the owner of the house. It is very fierce. 外面那条狗是这个房子的主人的。它很凶。
Look at the cat! Isn't it cute? 看那只猫。它可爱吗？
指大动物，如马、大象等或指人们心爱的宠物，如猫、狗等时，可用he或she，而不用“it”；故事中的动物便是个例子，如：
When the children saw a horse coming, they stopped and looked at him. 当孩子们看到马走过来的时候，他们停下来看着它。
A cow is grazing grass in the field. She looks very strong. 一只母牛正在吃草。它看起来很强壮。
4）用来指天气、日期、季节、时刻、距离等，如：
It is raining outside. Don't go out! 外面下雨了。别出去！
It is the 20th of December. 今天是12月20日。
Time flies! It is vacation again. 时光飞逝！又到假期了。
It was half past five when Jason got up. 杰森起床的时候是5点半。
It is very far from the school to the market. 从学校到那个市场很远。
It is only a short distance to the library. 到图书馆很近。
5）可以指性别不详的婴儿，及已知的事实，如：
The baby next door kept me awake. It cried loudly. 隔壁那个婴儿把我弄醒了。它哭得很大声。
Yes, I was at home last night. What about it? 是的，昨晚我在家。怎么了？
When the company closes down, it (i.e. this event) will affect some staff's future. 公司倒闭的话会影响到一些员工。
one作代词的用法如下，
1.one替代由可数名词所表示的一类人或事物中的任何一个,即泛指中的强调.这时,替代词one前面不可加任何限定词.例如:
1)I hope there are enough glasses for each guest to have one.
2)A color TV set made in Japan costs more than one made in China.
3)-Who can lend me a Chinese-English dictionary?
-I h

ave one.
2.one用来替代特指的同一类人或事物的可数名词时,其前面必须加上限定词(如a,the, this, that等)、物主代词或形容词加以修饰.例如:
　1)If you don't like this blue coat, you can buy a black one.
　2)I don't want the book on the shelf, I want this one on the desk.
　3)Your old bike is white, while my old one is black.
　3.one在定语从句中作先行词替代特指的同一类人或事物时,其前面必须用定冠词the限定,但不可用that替换.如果先行词为"one of...",其关系代词在定语从句中作主语,从句中的谓语动词常用复数形式.例如:
　1)This farm is the one that we visited last summer.(句中the one代替this farm,作先行词,不可用that替代)
　2)This is one of the highest buildings that have been built in our city recently.
　3)Zhang Lei is the very one of the students who has been praised at the meeting.
　4.one的复数形式为ones,作替代词时,只可替代同一类人或事物的复数名词,其前面必须有限定词,如the, some, all等修饰.但不能用数词或many修饰.例如:
　1)Mr. Zhang gave the textbooks to the pupils except the ones who had already taken them.(句中the ones可用those替代)
　2)I don't want to buy these small pears; I want some large ones.
　3)She wants to buy some new clothes and throw away all her old ones.
　5.one在句中不可替代不可数名词.在句中如果出现了同一个不可数名词时,则需要重复前一个名词,或者省略那个名词.例如:
　1)I prefer black coffee to white (coffee) .(white coffee中的coffee可省略也可不省,但不可用one替代coffee)
　2)Folk music is the music that I like most.(不可用the one替代the music)


it作代词如何使用：
　1.it用来替代前面提到的同一事物时,被替代的名词可以是可数名词,也可以是不可数名词.例如:
　1)We are studying in a school with trees all around it.(it替代可数名词school)
　2)-Have you still kept your old furniture?
　-No,I have sold it.(it替代不可数名词furniture)
　2.it可以替代英语句式中的不定式(短语)、动名词(短语)或从句,在句中作形式主语或形式宾语.例如:
　1)It is a great surprise to meet you here.(It替代不定式短语to meet you here)
　2)I think it is no good parents doing anything for their children.(it替代动名词的复合结构parents doing anything for短语)
　3)We found it impossible

沪版英语微测试(10分钟)
Choose the best answer:
The tradition of birthday parties started a long time ago. There are some traditions that you can find almost anywhere, anytime, such as sending birthday cards, blowing out the candles on a birthday cake and singing the ‘Happy Birthday’ song. Others are only found for certain ages and in certain countries.
In China, on a child’s second birthday, family members put many things on the floor around the child. According to Chinese tradition

, the first thing that the child picks up tells you what profession the child will choose later in life.
For Japanese children, the third, fifth and seventh birthdays are especially important. At this age, there is a special celebration Shichi-Go-San (seven, five, three in Japanese) when children go to the temple wearing a new kimono (和服). The priest (僧侣) gives them special sweets, and the parents usually organize a party for their friends in their home.
In Argentina, Mexico and several other Latin American countries, girls have a special birthday celebration when they reach the age of fifteen. After a special ceremony (仪式), the girls dance a waltz with their father and other boys.
Eighteen is the traditional ‘coming of age’— the age when (in many countries) you have the right to vote (选举), join the army and (in Britain) drink alcohol or buy a house.
In many English-speaking countries, a twenty-first birthday cake often has a key on top, or the cake itself is sometimes in the shape of a key. The key means that the young person is now old enough to leave and enter the family home at any time they want to!
84.Which of the following birthday traditions can be found almost anywhere, anytime?
A) Putting many things on the floor.B) Wearing a new kimono.
C) Dancing a waltz.D) Sending birthday cards.
85.The usually organize a party at children’s special birthday celebration in Japan.
A) priestsB) parentsC) friendsD) relatives
86.Mexican girls have a special birthday celebration at the age of .
A) fiveB) sevenC) fifteenD) twenty-one
87.In many countries you can ________ when you reach the age of eighteen.
A) join the army B) have a key
C) have a special ceremonyD) have special sweets
88. Which of the following sentences is NOT true?
A) The tradition of birthday parties started a long time ago.
B) Some birthday traditions are only found in certain countries.
C) You become the owner of your house at the age of fifteen.
D) In many countries you have the right to vote at the age of eighteen.
89. Which is the best title of this passage?
A) Birthday Traditions around the World
B) Chinese Birthday Celebrations
C) Japanese Special Celebration
D) The Drinking Age in Many Countries

Choose the words or expressions and complete the passage:
All about Britain’s Teenagers
School
British teenagers can leave school at sixteen after taking their GCSE exams. They study for exams in as many as ten subjects, 90 they have to work pretty hard! Today’s teens spend more time doing their homework than any teenagers in the past, studying for 2.5 – 3 hours every evening.
Free Time
It’s not all work, of course. What do British teenagers do to have 91 ? They love watching TV, going out, meeting friends in Internet cafés and listening to music.
Communications
In addition to the Internet, teenagers in Britain use their computers to play games and do their homework. They 92 love thei

r mobile phones, and spend hours texting (发短信) their friends and chatting. Today, phones are getting smaller and lighter and you can do a lot more
93 them than just talk. Text messaging has become the coolest and most popular way to communicate. More than 90% of 12- to 16-year-olds have a mobile, and experts say that this stops 94 from spending their money on sweets and cigarettes.

Fashion (服饰)
At school, almost all British teenagers have to wear a school uniform. However, in their free
95 they can wear whatever they like, and what they like is designer names such as Nike, Diesel and Paul Smith. In fact, 40% of British teens say that they think it is important to have the latest fashion. Looking good doesn’t come 96 , but many teenagers think it usual or easy to spend more than ￡100 on one item of clothing.
90.A) butB) orC) soD) because
91.A) lessonsB) sportsC) adviceD) fun
92. A) neverB) alreadyC) alsoD) no longer
93.A) withB) for C) at D) in
94.A) teachers B) relatives C) friends D) teenagers
95. A) dayB) timeC) weekD) month
96. A) cheapB) expensiveC) specialD) ordinary

附
上海英语中考常见知识点
When is Danny’s birthday 丹尼的生日是什么时候？
when作为副词，它有以下的用法：
1）作为疑问副词，引导特殊疑问句，意为“什么时候；何时”。如：
When will they come back？
What time will they come back？
回答 when 引导的从句，不一定指出具体的时间点。如回答句可用 tomorrow，next month等。而回答 what time 引导的问句，则必须说出具全的时间点，如 at two o'clock， at five past ten 等。
2）作连接副词，引导名词性从句或不定式，意为“什么时候”。从句使用陈述句语序，时态根据实际情况而定。如：
I'd like to know when they will come. 我想知道他们什么时候来。（ when 引导宾语从句）
Can you tell me when the bank opens？ 你能告诉我银行什么时候开门吗？（ when 引导宾语从句）
When she'll be back depends much on the weather. 她何时回来在很大程度上取决于天气。（ when 引导主语从句）
Have you decided when to go sightseeing？ 你们已经决定什么时候去郊游了吗？（ when 引导不定式结构）
3）作疑问代词，常和介词 since， till， up to 等连用，意为“什么时候”。如：
Since when have they had the house？他们从什么时候起有这幢房子的？
Till when is the library open？ 图书馆开放到几点呢？
54. Li Ming is first. 李明是第一。
1）序数词的构成
a、一般来说，是由相应的基数词加词尾th构成。例：
four ＋ th → fourth?? six ＋ th → sixth
seven ＋ th → seventh?? ten ＋ th → tenth
b、下面这些基数词在变为序数词时，有特殊的变化。例：
one → first
two → second
three → third
five → fifth
eight → eighth
nine → ninth
twelv

e → twelfth
c、十位整数序数词的构成方法是将基数词的词y变成i，然后再加eth。例：
twenty → twentieth?? thirty → thirtieth
forty → fortieth?? ninety → ninetieth
d、两位或两位以上的基数词变成序数词时，仅将个位数变成序数词。例：
twenty－one → twenty－first
thirty－five → thirty－fifth
a hundred andfifty－three → a hundred and fifty－third
2）序数词的用法
a、序数词在使用时，一般加上定冠词。例：
the first book?? the second floor?? the third day?? the fourth week．
b、序数词在多数情况下都用作定语，有的也可以作表语、主语和宾语。例：
The may 1st is Labour Day． 五月一日是劳动节。
My room is on the second floor． 我的房间在二楼。
The first is larger than the second． （主语） 第一个比第二个大。
Read the book from the first．（宾语） 从开头读这本书。
You’ll be the sixth to write． （表语） 你将是第六个写的。
3）序数词的前面可以加上不定冠词，用来表示“再一”，“又一”的意思。例：
You may have a third try． 你可以第三次尝试。
57. Where is the United States? 美国在哪里？
特殊疑问句的形式：疑问代词/副词 + 动词 be/助动词/情态动词 + 主语 + 动词。
疑问代词/副词包括 what, who, which, whom, whose, when, how, why, where 等。
回答时不用yes 或no,而要根据实际情况回答。
1）what----Activity or thing (对行为和事物提问)。如：
What are you talking about?? 你们在谈什么？
We are talking about our family.? 我们在谈论我们的家庭情况。
What is your name?? 你叫什么名字？
My name is Wang Li.? 我叫王丽。
2）which----Thing or person (对特定的人或事物提问)。如：
Which man is your English teacher?? 哪位是你的英语老师？
The man in white.? 那个穿着白衣服的。
3）who----Person (对人提问)，如：
Who will visit you tomorrow?? 明天谁来看你？
My father.? 我爸爸。
4）whose----Possession （对人的所有关系提问）
Whose book is this?? 这是谁的书？
It is my brother’s.? 是我弟弟的。
5）when----Time （对时间提问），如：
When will you finish your homework? 你什么时候能完成作业？
Tomorrow.? 明天。
6）where----Place （对地点提问），如：
Where do you study?? 你在哪儿读书？
In Shanghai.? 在上海。
7）why-----reason? （对原因提问），如：
Why are you late?? 你为什么迟到？
Because I missed the bus.? 因为我没赶上公共汽车。
8）how的基本涵义是“怎样”，它的用法如下：
a、how 用于询问动作执行的方式、手段等，译为“怎样”。如：
How do you usually go to school? 你通常怎样去上学。
On foot. 步行。
b、how 用于询问动作的执行程度，译为“怎样”。如：
H

ow do you like China? 你觉得中国怎么样?
I like it very much. 非常喜欢。
c、how 用于询问身体健康状况，译为“怎么样”。如：
How are you? 你好吗?
I'm fine, thank you. 我很好，谢谢。
d、how 用在第一次见面的问候语中。如：
How do you do? 你好!
e、how about 用于询问或征询意见等，相当于what about后接名词、代词或动词的 -ing 形式，译为“……怎么样”、“……好不好”。如：
I like playing football. How about you? 我喜欢踢足球。你呢?
f、how many 用于询问人或物品的数量，后接可数名词的复数形式，译为“多少”。如：
How many students are there in your class? 你们班有多少名学生?
There are sixty-five. 六十五名。
g、how much 既可询问物品数量，后接不可数名词，译为“多少”；又可询问物品价格，译为“多少钱”。
h、how old 询问年龄，译为“多大”。如：
How old are you? 你多大了?
I'm twelve. 我十二岁。
i、how far 用于询问距离，译为“多远”。如：
How far is it from here to the station? 从这里到车站有多远?
About three hundred metres. 大约三百米。
j、how long 既可询问时间，译为“多久”，又可询问物品的长度，译为“多长”。如：
How long is the river? 这条河有多长?
How long does it last? 这要持续多久?
61.It’s only about 9600 kilometres from Edmonton to Shijiazhuang.
从埃德蒙顿到石家庄大约有9600公里。
数词的主要用法：
一、表示日期
1949年：1949读作nineteen forty-nine
6月23日：June 23rd 读作June (the) twenty-third或the twenty-third of June
2006年10月：October 2006 读作October, two thousand and six
1600年5月2日：May 2nd, 2005 读作the second of May, sixteen hundred
二、表示钟点
半小时用half，一刻钟用a quarter，半小时以内past，超过半小时用to。
十点：ten O’clock/ten
五点半：half past five
一点十五：a quarter past one
三点五十五：five to four
三、表示编号
1. 单纯的编号，可在基数词前加number，简写为No.。如No.2第二。
2. 序号与事物名词连用时分三种情况。
四、表示倍数
1. 倍数+as +形容词/副词(原级)+ as。
Linda’s hair is three times as long as her sister’s.琳达的头发是她妹妹的三倍长。
2. 倍数+形容词或副词的比较级+than。
Our school is twice larger than yours. 我们学校是你们学校的三倍大。
3. 倍数+ the size/length/weight…+of+表示比较对象的名词。
4. 倍数+what引导的从句。
五、表示约数
1. 用tens/dozens/scores/hundreds/thousands/millions of表示“几十、几百、上千、成千上万”等。
2. 用less than, under, below, almost, nearly, up to等来表示小于或接近某数目。
3. 用more than, beyond, or more, over, above等来表示超过或多于某个数目。

4. 用or, or so, about, around, some, more or less等表示在某一数目左右。
5. 用to, from…to…, between…and表示介于两数词。
六、表示分数
如：one-fifth五分之一，five-sevenths七分之五。
七、表示百分数
用“基数词＋percent”。若表示几分之几或百分之几十的人或物时，加of，作主语时，谓语动词的数与of后的名词数保持一致。
八、表示小数
小数点前的数按总数念，同其它基数词读法一样，小数点用point，小数点后面的数按基数词一个一个单独念。如9.65读作nine point six five。218.39读作two hundred and eighteen point three nine。
九、表示年代
表示在某个世纪的几十年代，用“in the +逢十的基数词的复数”。基数词的复数若用阿拉伯数字表示，可直接加s，也可加’s。
十、表示年龄
1. 表示某人几岁的确切年龄，用“基数词＋years old”或“基数词＋of age”或者“at the age of＋基数词”，也可直接用基数词。如：
2. 表示某人几十多岁这样的约略年龄，用“in one’s+逢十的基数词的复数（如tens, twenties, thirties等）”来表达。如：