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PH 625_InfusionIV.07a

PH 625_InfusionIV.07a
PH 625_InfusionIV.07a

ARNOLD & MARIE SCHWARTZ COLLEGE OF PHARMACY

AND HEALTH SCIENCES

LONG ISLAND UNIVERSITY

Course Syllabus

Division of Pharmacy Practice

PH 625: IV Admixture / Home Infusion

Course Coordinators

Prof. Stanley Feifer

Prof. Edgar Schwartz

Date of Revision: December 2007

I. Course Name: IV Admixture - Home Infusion

II. Course Number: PH 625

III. Credits: 5 (Off Campus)

IV. Coordinators: Stanley Feifer

Office Room Number: HS 507

Office Hours: TBA

Telephone: (718) 488 - 1243

E-mail sfeifer@https://www.wendangku.net/doc/7a13576286.html,

Edgar Schwartz

Office Room Number: HS 507

Office Hours: TBA

Office Telephone Number: (718) 488 - 1244 Faculty: Preceptors at IV Admixture and Home Infusion Pharmacies V. Course Rationale:

One of the fastest growing fields in pharmacy is that of home infusion

preparations. Due to the high cost of hospitalization, more and more insurance

companies and physicians are requiring patients to be treated at home, in nursing homes and in hospices whenever feasible. This very often requires the use of IV

and TPN therapy to be administered by a nurse or qualified home attendant. A

number of specialized pharmacies are now providing these preparations and the

need for pharmacists particularly skilled in the preparation of the products is

steadily growing. This elective clerkship focuses on this skill and allows the

student to become totally proficient in all aspects of home infusion therapy.

VI. Course Overview:

The student will become proficient in aseptic technique and compounding

parenteral products. Students also learn proper procedures for safely preparing

chemotherapeutic agents and will have the opportunity to reinforce their ability to perform pharmaceutical calculations. In some instances, the student may have

input into the selection and proper dosage of medication. Finally, the student will have the opportunity to learn about the administrative aspects of this

specialized area.

VII. Course time Commitments:

Students are required to be at the clerkship site eight hours per day, five days

per week, for a total of five weeks.

VIII. Prerequisite Courses:

Sixth year standing

IX. Prerequisite Knowledge:

Principles of: Pharmacology

Therapeuitics

Pharmacokinetics

Communication Skills

Drug Information Source Retrieval

Drug Literature Evaluation

Ability to use a computer

X. Attendance Policy:

Attendance is mandatory. All missed hours must be made up at the discretion of the preceptor and the coordinator. Students must notify preceptor and course

coordinator before class on the day of the absence. STUDENTS MUST NOTIFY THE COURSE COORDINAOR, PROFESSOR SCHWARTZ (718-488-1244)

NO LATER THAN 8:00 AM ON THE DAY OF THE ABSENCE

XI. Additional Required Course Materials:

Short, white laboratory coat

New York State Pharmacy Intern Permit

Pharmacy intern name tag

XII. This Course Will Contribute Directly to Your Ability to Meet the Following Curricular Endpoints:

?Interpret and evaluate patient and drug-related data needed to identify actual or potential drug therapy problems. (A1a)

?Prepare, dispense, and/or administer a pharmaceutical product for patient use based on professional practice guidelines. (A1d)

?Counsel patients to ensure appropriate pharmaceutical care outcomes, and institute programs to maximize compliance to drug regimens. (A1e) ?Educate patients about behaviors that promote health (including drug adherence), maintain wellness, prevent, and control disease. (A1f) ?Monitor patients to optimize therapeutic efficacy and minimize side effects.

Develop strategies to manage and minimize potential adverse events. (A1g) ?Display respect and sensitivity for patient and family attitudes, behaviors and lifestyles, paying particular attention to cultural, ethnic and socioeconomic

influences while incorporating cultural preferences, spiritual, and health

beliefs and behaviors into the patient care plan. (A1h)

?Identify the impact of the government and third-party payers on pharmacy operations and understand the basic principles/strategies for negotiating

contracts with payers. (A2d)

?Evaluate the quality, effectiveness (including cost-effectiveness), and outcomes from institutional and community based interventions designed to

improve health. (B1d)

?Based on results of continuous assessment, recommend strategies to amend and improve resource utilization. (B1e)

?Identify and report medication errors and adverse drug reactions to

appropriate individuals and organizations. (B2a)

?Evaluate information obtained from adverse drug reaction and medication error reporting systems to identify probable causes. (B2b)

?Recommend and implement actions to minimize the occurrence of adverse drug reactions and medication errors in a healthcare system. (B2c) ?Apply population-specific data and quality improvement strategies to develop policies that minimize drug misadventure (including medication errors,

overdose, and poisoning). (B2d)

?Participate as part of a multidisciplinary team in the pharmaceutical care system’s process for conducting medication use evaluations. (B2e) ?Provide clinical preventive services (based on pharmacists practice activity domains) to improve outcomes and quality of life. (C1b)

?Identify the needs for patient follow-up and referral to other health and disease prevention programs and be able to provide the follow-up and referral when

necessary. (C1c)

?Assess and monitor at-risk populations to identify and report health problems, and to prioritize interventions in collaboration with patients,

other health professionals, members of the community, and policy makers.

(C1d)

?Evaluate the outcomes of the program/intervention and recommend improvement strategies. (C2b)

?Communicate and collaborate with patients, care givers, physicians, nurses, other health care providers, policy makers, members of the community and

administrative and support personnel to engender a team approach to patient

care. (D1)

?Retrieve, analyze, and interpret the professional, lay, and scientific literature to provide drug information and counseling to patients, their families or care

givers, as well as other health care providers. (D2)

?Demonstrate expertise in informatics. (D3)

?Carry out duties in accordance with legal, ethical, social, economic, and professional guidelines. (D4)

?Evaluate and resolve ethical dilemmas that arise in practice and find a solution that is acceptable to all parties involved. (D4a)

?Maintain professional competence by identifying and analyzing emerging issues, products, and services. (D5)

XV. This Course will assist the Student in Meeting the Following Course-specific Endpoints:

?Obtain necessary information from the patient, caregiver, and/or other members of the healthcare team. (A1a)

?Identify relevant information in the patient profile or medical record. (A1a) ?Identify the patient’s primary complaint(s) and reason(s) for seeking medical care. (A1a)

?Perform selected aspects of physical assessment, as appropriate. (A1a)

?Protect the confidentiality of patient information. (D4)

?Evaluate information obtained from the patient’s history and physical assessment. (A1b)

?Assess any patient history of allergies and intolerances. (A1b)

?Review and interpret prescription orders for patients. (A1b)

?Evaluate the acceptability of prescription order transmission and legitimacy of source. (A1d)

?Determine the validity of the patient-prescriber relationship. (A1d)

?Clarify, add, and/or correct prescription order information when necessary.

(A1d)

?Accurately prepare and dispense medications. (A1d)

-Correctly count measure, mix, reconstitute, and calculate the quantity of medications to dispense.

-Correctly prepare the label for the finished prescription.

-Select an appropriate container based on the chemical and physical properties of the drug that meets the patient’s characteristics or needs.?Accurately compound individual or bulk medications. (A1d)

-Locate accurate information on extemporaneous formulations.

-Evaluate the suitability of an extemporaneously compounded

formulation.

-Calculate the correct quantity of ingredients.

-Use correct gravimetric and volumetric measuring procedures to obtain the desired quantity of the formulation component.

-Use good compounding practices in the extemporaneous production of

a patient-specific drug delivery system.

-Identify physical and chemical incompatibilities among components of

a given formulation and recommend appropriate alternatives to avoid

incompatibilities.

?Perform any additional patient calculations needed (e.g. creatinine clearance, ideal body weight, body surface area, body mass index). (A1b)

?Identify the cause and significance of adverse drug effects. (A1b)

?Evaluate the significance of actual or potential drug interactions. (A1b)

?Assure that there is not excessive medication use or unnecessary drug duplication. (A1b)

?Determine the extent to which medical conditions or diseases are treated and controlled. (A1b)

?Identify signs or potential indicators of drug misuse or abuse. (A1b)

?Develop a complete medical and drug therapy problem list.

- Use relative priority to direct the Pharmacotherapeutics plan

- Differentiate active from inactive problems.

- Rank patient problems based on urgency and severity.

- Identify any preventative and health maintenance issues

?Understand and use principles of evidence-based medicine to assess information needs, formulate focused queries, acquire the best available

evidence, evaluate the evidence and apply clinical expertise in using the

evidence in providing patient-centered care. (D2, D3)

?Maintain awareness of evidence-based information resources. Identify and locate the best evidence on clinical questions, including systematic reviews, meta-analysis, practice guidelines and randomized controlled trials. (D2, D3) ?Identify and regularly use information resources that enhance the pharmacist’s understanding from patient viewpoints, beliefs, and attitudes. (A1h, D2, D3) ?Effectively communicate research findings at appropriate levels for patients and healthcare professionals. (A1e, A1f, D1)

?Identify, evaluate and regularly use a variety of information resources, including those intended for lay people and those written for healthcare

professionals and including reference books, full text databases, websites, and primary literature. (D2, D3)

?Demonstrate proficiency in searching the biomedical literature using a variety of resources and interfaces, including Med line, via Pub Med or other

interfaces: Build search strategies using Boolean operators, controlled

vocabularies where available (e.g. National Library of Medicine Medical

Subject Headings (MeSH)), database limiting capabilities and field searching.

Refine and implement effective search strategies for different purposes. (D3) ?Use available services of librarians and other information professionals to supplement information retrieval and to learn about new resources and

enhancements to existing resources. (D3, D5)

?Determine the accuracy of information by investigating authority of resources, effectiveness of search strategy, and potential biases or conflicts of interest in the information retrieved. (D3, D5)

?Determine applicability of the information to specific clinical questions and draw conclusions from new information to build on previous knowledge base.

(D5)

?Understand issues of privacy, copyright, plagiarism and other issues involved in the legal and ethical uses of information. (D4)

?Practice life-long learning by maintaining records of information retrieval processes and by updating and refining information search and retrieval skills to maintain awareness of current issues, products and services. (D5)

?Use current awareness tools such as journal and database alerting services.

(D3)

?Identify, use and share available resources for continuing education in the effective uses of current information resources and technologies. (D3, D5) ?Construct a well-built question based on the patient’s drug therapy problem(s) or needed information. (D2, D3)

?Integrate evidence from the literature with clinical expertise and patient preferences to draw a conclusion. (A1h, D2, D3)

?Identify Pharmacotherapeutics goals and endpoints of therapy. (A1c)

?Apply principles of biochemistry, medicinal chemistry, pharmacology, and pathophysiology to select the appropriate drug(s). (A1c)

?Consider social, economic, and cultural factors that influence a patient’s perspective on health, illness, and medication use. (A1h)

?Apply pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamics principles to select the appropriate dose, dosage schedule, and drug delivery system. (A1c)

?Determine the appropriate therapy duration. (A1c)

?Apply pharmacoeconomic principles in drug selection. (A1h, B1d)

?Identify and minimize or avoid drug interactions, adverse effects, and contraindications associated with the recommended drug therapy. (A1g)

?Recommend complementary therapies as appropriate to enhance therapeutic outcomes. (A1c)

?Apply principles of nutrition to improve health, augment drug therapy, and reduce disease risk. (A1c, A2b, C1b, C2b)

?Recommend appropriate medical goods and devices that could benefit the patient. (A1c)

?Monitor patient-specific subjective and objective parameters for drug efficacy and toxicity. (A1g)

?Assess appropriate parameters in a timely manner and at appropriate intervals/frequencies. (A1g)

?Recognize whether patient-specific goals have been met and adjust the care plan accordingly. (A1g)

?Anticipate, monitor for, and report adverse effects and drug interactions.

(A1g)

?Refer patients to other health care professionals when indicated. (C1c)

?Comply with federal, state, and local statutes and regulations that affect pharmacy practice. (D4)

?Resolve ethical and moral decisions faced by pharmacists. (D4a)

?Evaluate pharmacoeconomic data relevant to appropriate disease-specific treatment plans. (A2c, A2d, A2e, B1d)

?Assure that all relevant members of a patient population receive needed services. (B2f, C1c, C1d, C2c)

?Communicate clearly, accurately, compassionately, confidently, and persuasively with patients, caregivers, other health care professionals, and the public using appropriate listening, verbal, nonverbal, and written

communication skills. (D1)

?Exhibit a caring and respectful attitude and demonstrate empathy while establishing rapport and communicating with the patient and/or caregiver.

(A1h)

?Establish a collaborative relationship with other healthcare professionals that foster a team approach to patient care. (B2e)

?Demonstrate professionalism and leadership within professional and civic organizations. (C2a, C2c)

?Effectively communicate drug and health information at appropriate levels for patients and healthcare professionals. (A1e, A1f, D1)

?Demonstrate sensitivity and tolerance within multicultural interactions and settings. (A1h)

?Educate patients and/or caregivers about drug therapy. (A1e, A1f)

- Explain to patients or caregivers the drug, dosage, indication, and

storage requirements for a given drug.

- Educate patients or caregivers on the symptomatology,

significance, frequency, and treatment of adverse drug reactions.

- Explain any action that should be taken in the event of a missed dose.

- Demonstrate proper administration technique for a given drug

delivery system.

- Facilitate patients assuming an active role in their self-care and

overall h ealth.

- Choose communication methods that are sensitive to the social and

cultural background of the target audience.

- Confirm patient understanding of counseling provided and clarify if

needed.

?Educate patients or caregivers about the proper use of medical goods and devices.

(A1c, A1f)

- Identify print, audiovisual, and/or computerized sources of patient

education information on medical devices and goods that meet the

patient’s needs.

- Demonstrate and verify the proper use of medical goods and devices

to ensure effective use.

- Communicate storage, calibration, and maintenance information for

medical goods and devices.

?Document pharmaceutical care activity in a patient profile or medical record to facilitate communication and collaboration among healthcare providers.

(A1c, B1c)

?Assess one’s own knowled ge and abilities independently. (D5)

?Set personal knowledge and ability goals and take responsibility for attaining them. (D5)

?Recognize self-limitations and seek appropriate assistance/clarification. (D5)

?Review topics relevant to patient care activities to enhance knowledge base and preparedness. (D5)

?Accept feedback and implement suggestions for improvement. (D5)

?Manage time appropriately and efficiently. (D5)

?Exhibit intellectual curiosity to ensure ongoing professional competency. (D5)

XVI. Course-specific Learning/Behavioral Objectives/Goals:

The main objective is to have the student become immersed in the techniques

required in the preparation of intravenous admixtures, parental chemotherapeutic,

agents, and TPN products. The student will also hone his/her pharmaceutical

calculation skills. Students will fortify their ability to prepare sterile products and

to make determinations as to the length of time the product is stable either at room temperature or under refrigeration. They will also calculate and inform the

patient or caregiver of the proper rate of administration. The student will be

functioning as a professional in a non-contrived environment. The student will

have references available to detect and rectify under/over dosages and /or

interactions as well as incompatibilities and thus will be able to resolve any

problems encountered, all under the supervision of a qualified registered pharmacist.

Because this is an experiential program, the time allotment for each learning objective varies from student to student depending on his/her level of expertise and/or experience.

?Describe the proper use of laminair flow hoods

?Compound parental admixtures and other sterile products

?Calculate doses of parenteral products

?Calculate rates of administration

?Describe the rationale for individual components of TPN solutions

?Handle vials, IV bags and needle/syringe properly

?Use IV filters properly

?Receive prescription order from the patient or health professional and interpret same for accuracy, errors and/or omissions

?Process prescriptions, perform necessary entries for record keeping (legal and/or insurance requirements)

?Dispense finished prescription to the patient or caregiver

?Counsel patient or caregiver regarding the prescription - what it is for, how to use it, possible significant side effects, how it should be handled and stored, ways to avoid problems, etc.

?Receive prescription orders from health-care providers by telephone and electronic processes

?Telephone other health-care providers to receive prescriptions on behalf of their patients

?Consult with other health-care providers regarding parenteral medications

?Dispense and record the appropriate information for prescription medication ?Effectively communicate, verbally and in writing, with patients and with other health care professionals in the therapeutic decision-making process

?Identify, interpret, and/or evaluate sources of information for clarifying or answering questions related to prescriptions, nonprescription medications,

alternative and complementary therapies, surgical/medical devices, and

overall healthcare

?Assess the appropriateness of a patient’s drug therapy and identify, resolve, and prevent drug-related problems

?Identify and help to resolve drug-related problems

?Develop and implement pharmaceutical care interventions utilizing the P.R.I.M.E. (Pharmaceutical related, Risks to the patient, Interactions,

Mismatch between medication and indication, Efficacy issues) method.

?Demonstrate the skills of inquiry, logic and critical analysis, and define, interpret, and/or apply medical and clinical terms

?Monitor and follow up patients receiving medications for efficacy, toxicity, and appropriate therapeutic outcomes

?Perform and document interventions (such as communicating with prescribers

and their agents) to correct potential prescription errors or otherwise improve

patient outcomes.

?Develop, participate, and/or evaluate a patient care pharmacy service

?Demonstrate proficiency in patient-focused prescription dispensing and distribution

?Demonstrate the skills necessary to compound extemporaneously

?Reflect on the experiences encountered in order to gain insight as to their importance for a career as a pharmacist

XVII. Grading:

This course will be graded on a Pass/Fail basis. Final course grades will be based on the following:

?Preceptor evaluation of student’s daily performance

?Visitation coordinator’s evaluation of student

?Detailed description of at least 12 compounds prepared, including aseptic technique, calculations, labeling and procedure employed.

XVIII.Course Assessment:

1. A preceptor evaluation form must be filed by each student at the end of the

clerkship.

2. A logbook which is reflective of the prescriptions prepared, any and all

interventions and comments on problems encountered.

3. Students will be assessed on aseptic technique, calculations, proper labeling,

and proper disposal of used materials.

XIX. Policy Concerning Students with Special Needs:

Students who feel that they may need an accommodation for any type of

disability, should make an appointment to see the course coordinator before the

clerkship begins.

XX. Professional Behavior Expectations:

A. Dress Code:

- Student’s must be appropriately dressed. This means:

- Identifying badges (intern badge and hospital ID)

- Appropriate and conservative dress

- Ties for men

- No shorts, jeans, sneakers or open toe shoes for men or women

- Comfortable walking shoes are suggested.

Provisions will be made at the site for storage of coats, briefcases,

pocketbooks, etc. However, it is suggested that valuables not be taken to

the site. Special attire may be required in the preparation of certain

compounds, which will be supplied by the preceptor.

B. Rules & Regulations at the site:

Will be explained by the preceptor

C. Confidentiality:

Patient profiles and records are private and legal documents. Although

these documents are used and handled in the course work, confidentiality

is a must.

D. Professional Behavior:

Plagiarism, cheating and other professional misconduct, as deemed by the

preceptor, may result in dismissal from the course and/or disciplinary

action by the college.

XXI. Clerkship Activities:

Compound IV’s, TPN’s, chemotherapeutics and any other sterile products

Dispense prescription medication under direction of a pharmacist

Counsel patients about prescription

Maintain patient profiles

Interpret patient profiles

Interact with other health care professionals

Arnold & Marie Schwartz College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences

Long Island University

IV Admixture / Home Infusion Clerkship

Evaluation of Clerkship by student, to be handed in with logbook.

_____________________________

(Pharmacy)

_____________________________

(Preceptor)

_____________________________

(Student)

_____________________________

(Date)

Additional comments and/or

problems:________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ List specific deficiencies, areas in which you feel you were inadequately

trained:_________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ List the strength of this preceptor or clerkship site:

________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________

Recommendations:________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________

Arnold & Marie Schwartz College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences

Long Island University

Interim Student Assessment Form: Intravenous Services

(FOR STUDENT USE ONLY)

Student:__________________________

Site:__________________ Preceptor:________________ Date:______________

In order to obtain a passing grade, the student must be able to demonstrate competency in each of the following explicit learning and skill-based objectives.

Aseptic Technique Competent

Needs Improvement

a. clean hood, wash hands, run hood, etc. _____________________

b. all required items placed in hood _____________________

c. items are arranged appropriately (i.e. no obstruction

of air flow and spaced apart adequately) _____________________

d. syringe and needle are opened aseptically

in hood _____________________

e. vial tops swabbed with alcohol wipes _____________________

f. IV bag port swabbed with alcohol wipes _____________________

g. no swabbing of items not required to be

swabbed (e.g., needle shaft) _____________________

h. aseptic technique utilized during procedure

and technique is acceptable _____________________

i. all work performed at least six inches into

hood _____________________ j. no obstruction of air flow during manipulations

(e.g., sterile syringe not exposed to

unsterile wrapper) _____________________ k. correct quantity of air injected into vials

(e.g., no or minimal “fl ow-back” into vials) _____________________

l. drug is completely reconstituted (dissolved) _____________________ m. minimal leakage by proper handling of materials

(e.g., no dripping from vial when additive

removed) _____________________ n. volume of additive withdrawn is correct _____________________ o. correct transfer of additive with no loss of volume

in transfer and IV bag port facing filter _____________________ p. demonstrate correct handling of needle filter _____________________ q. final product mixed _____________________ r. final product inspected for particulate matter _____________________ s. IV bag sealed and labeled appropriately _____________________ t. proper disposal of syringe / needle in sharps container ____________________

Grade: Pass / Fail

Comments: _________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________

Arnold & Marie Schwartz College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences

Long Island University

Final Student Assessment Form: Intravenous Services

FAX to Professor Stanley Feifer at (718)780-4056

Student:__________________________

Site:__________________ Preceptor:________________ Date:______________

In order to obtain a passing grade, the student must be able to demonstrate competency in each of the following explicit learning and skill-based objectives.

Aseptic Technique Competent

Needs Improvement

Not Competent

a. clean hood, wash hands, run hood, etc. _____________________

b. all required items placed in hood _____________________

c. items are arranged appropriately (i.e. no obstruction

of air flow and spaced apart adequately) _____________________

d. syringe and needle are opened aseptically

in hood _____________________

e. vial tops swabbed with alcohol wipes _____________________

f. IV bag port swabbed with alcohol wipes _____________________

g. no swabbing of items not required to be

swabbed (e.g., needle shaft) _____________________

h. aseptic technique utilized during procedure

and technique is acceptable _____________________

i. all work performed at least six inches into

hood _____________________ j. no obstruction of air flow during manipulations

(e.g., sterile syringe not exposed to

unsterile wrapper) _____________________ k. correct quantity of air injected into vials

(e.g., no or minimal “flow-back” into vials) _____________________

l. drug is completely reconstituted (dissolved) _____________________ m. minimal leakage by proper handling of materials

(e.g., no dripping from vial when additive

removed) _____________________ n. volume of additive withdrawn is correct _____________________ o. correct transfer of additive with no loss of volume

in transfer and IV bag port facing filter _____________________ p. demonstrate correct handling of needle filter _____________________ q. final product mixed _____________________ r. final product inspected for particulate matter _____________________ s. IV bag sealed and labeled appropriately _____________________ t. proper disposal of syringe / needle in sharps container ____________________

Grade: Pass / Fail

Comments: _________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________

渗滤液处理厂危险识别及应急预案

渗滤液处理厂危险识别及应急预案 一、触电事故 1、危险源 (1)配电室; (2)各设备接线盒; (3)使用电焊、电热设备、电动工具等。 2、用电安全措施 (1)各操作人员必须掌握安全用电的基本常识和所用设备性能; (2)用电人员保护好各自所使用设备的负荷线、地线和开关,发现问题及时找设备工程师解决,严禁非专业电气操作人员乱动电器设备; (3)所有用电设备,按规定设置漏电保护装置,金属外壳、构架设置可靠的接零及接地保护,定期检查,发现问题及时处理解决; (4)加强对使用电焊、电热设备、电动工具的安全管理,维修保管特定人员负责。 3、触电事故应急预案 (1)发现有人触电时,应立即使触电人员脱离电源。脱离电源方法如下: ①高压触电脱离方法。触电者触及高压带电设备,救护人 员应迅速切断使触电者带电的开关、刀闸或其他断路设备,或用适 合该电压等级的绝缘工具(绝缘手套、穿绝缘鞋、并使用绝缘棒) 等方法,将触电者与带电设备脱离。触电者未脱离高压电源前,现 场救护人员不得直接用手触及伤员。救护人员在抢救过程中应注意 保持自身与周围带电部分必要的安全距离,保证自己免受电击。 ②低压触电脱离方法。低压设备触电,救护人员应设法迅 速切断电源,如拉开电源开关、刀闸,拔除电源插头等;或使用绝 缘工具、干燥的木棒、木板、绝缘绳子等绝缘材料解脱触电者;也 可抓住触电者干燥而不贴身的衣服,将其拖开,切记要避免碰到金 属物体和触电者的裸露身体;也可用绝缘手套或将手用干燥衣物等

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swan硅表说明书

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- 设置外接设备的所有参数(界面、打印机、记录器和其它选项)。 - 设置仪表运转参数(自动校准、限位、打印输出和记录器)。 2 安装 2.1 安装要求 选择一个便于靠近仪表和试剂桶的地方,仪表位置必须满足以下连接要求: 电源:100~230VAC+15%,85VA 进水口:适配4 x 6 mm FEP管的Serto管2支到4支 排水口:1/2" (14 x 20 mm) 软管,它有足够的容量可以在环境大气压下自由排放 警告:仪表中所有连接必须遵循章节2.5和附录中提到的最小化系统规范。2.2 样水要求: 流速:10 毫升/分钟每一通道都是1l/h 水压:0.3 - 3 bar (4 - 43 PSI) 水温: 5 - 45 o C (41 - 113 o F) 固体悬浮物:小于10 ppm,无油脂 2.3 拆箱 检查包装箱及其所装货物在运输过程中有无损害。请按装箱单检查以下物品: 警告:不能连接电源线! 为避免电击或仪表受损,在完成章节2.7所示的操作前不得连接电源。 包装清单 - 硅酸盐连续测定仪(COPRA Silica) - 使用说明书 - 泵管 - 可用一个月的试剂 - 4只带刻度的试剂桶 - 1瓶标准溶液 - 1个标准瓶(空) - 试管 - 样水管和废水管 - 保险丝 如果定购了选项空校准:还有1个阴离子交换柱。 2.4 安装 根据图2.1所示确定安装孔,使用直径至少5 mm的螺丝。为方便操作把仪表放在水平视线的位置: 850 x 400 mm (33.5 x 15.7 inch): 安装板的尺寸

SWAN硅表日常维护手册

6 维护 6.1 维护时间表

6.2 更换泵管 图6.1蠕动泵和光度计模块 6.2.1 拆卸泵管 步骤 1:排空系统: 将试剂管从试剂桶中取出,并且把它们放入一个空的不小于500 ml 的容器里! 在维护程序中使用排空系统(用户模式(USER),系统程序(SYSTEM):排空系统)排空光度计和反应管。

步骤2: 从混合器(mixing block)上取下试剂管2-4和样水管。 从零点阀(zero point valve)上取下试剂管1 图6.2 步骤3: 把压力棒(pressure bar)旋转90度,取下; 把压力板(pressure plates)向上旋转。 图6.3 步骤4: 向下拉左侧的泵管手柄,并取下泵管。 注意:不要直接拉泵管

图6.4 步骤5: 取下右侧泵管。 图6.5 步骤6: 从分配器上取下泵管。 图6.6 6.2.2 安装泵管 安装新的管子,反向执行上述步骤。 步骤1:将泵管安装到试剂分配器上。 步骤2:将泵管安装到泵右侧的泵管固定器上。 步骤3:将泵管从滚轮上方绕过并安装到泵左侧的泵管固定器上。 步骤4:拉下黑色压力板,安上压力棒,旋至合适的位置。 步骤5:将试剂管2-4和样水管安装到混合器上。 将试剂管1安装到零点阀上。 步骤6:将试剂管放回到试剂桶,在维护程序中使用填充系统(用户模式,编程系统:填充系统)填充光度计和反应管。

6.3 配制试剂 试剂成套供应,足够使用一个月。它包括: 1x 1升瓶装的25%硫酸(随仪表仅提供一次用于启动的硫酸,请在当地购买e.g.at Merck ,no.for 1 liter: 1.00716.1000。) 5x 200 ml 瓶装的化合物试剂 警告: 配制试剂时需用优质水(无硅),否则测量值不可靠。 只有熟悉操作步骤和必要的安全设备(处理剧毒酸)人员,才允许配制试剂。 配置试剂时需戴上防护眼镜! 每只瓶子贴有一个标签。在标签上标有: 每只试剂桶贴有一个标签。在标签上标有: ANALYTICAL INSTRUMENTS Colour mark of reagent tube Reagent name Reagent 1 - blue Ammonium-molybdate Analytical Instrum ents COPRA Silica A nalyzer Reagent 2 Aetzend Corrosif Corrosive Reagent number Chemical name of substance in english Weight of substance, chem. formula International safety codes (if applicable) Danger symbol w

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施工期间垃圾渗滤液处理(置)方案及应急预案 为加强林芝市巴宜区生活垃圾卫生填埋场改扩建项目在施工期间的管理,有效预防、控制林芝市巴宜区生活垃圾卫生填埋场突发事件的发生,确保将突发事件可能带来的损失降到最低限度,尽最大可能保障污染等可能给生态环境以及周边人民群众的隐患风险,主要来自垃圾渗滤液渗漏的风险,特制定本方案(预案)。 一、施工期间垃圾渗滤液产量分析 施工期间的渗滤液主要由垃圾本体渗滤液和库区汇集的雨水混合进渗滤液两部分构成。根据施工设计图及环评报告书,建设完毕以后垃圾渗滤液产生量约为50m3/d。场区所在地区受印度洋暖湿气流的影响,境属温带湿润季风气候,余量充沛,日照充足。年平均降雨量654mm,主要集中在5-9月,占全年降雨量的90%。年日照时间2022小时,年均蒸发量尚无数据可查。而5—9月恰好是施工期间,因此做好5—9月的渗滤液处置(理)方(预)案是关键。 (1)库区雨水产生量采用下式计算。 Q= C×I×A×10-3 式中:C:渗出系数(按整个库区作为作业单元区进行处理,经验值0.2-0.4,本次取0.3计算) Q:渗沥液产生量(m3/d) I:降雨强度(mm/a) A:集水面积(m2)

根据环评报告书数据,林芝市5、6、7、8、9月降雨量分别为87.2mm、127.7mm、131.6mm、143.5mm、102.6mm,平均降雨量为118.52mm。 下库区5-9月渗沥液平均产生量: Q=C×I×A×10-3 =0.3×118.52×30100×10-3 =1070.24m3 上库区5-9月渗沥液平均产生量: Q=C×I×A×10-3 =0.3×118.52×45320×10-3 =1611.40m3 二、渗滤液在施工期间临时处置方案 (1)分别在上下库区各设置一处渗滤液临时收集坑,该坑的选择应在库底盲沟区域,选择一处最低点,使得各处的垃圾渗滤液均能汇集于此。在现场勘查后,我方认为有符合上述情况的收集点。收集坑的大小根据前面一的渗滤液产量分析,我方采用L×B=4.5m×4.5m,有效水深2.7m,超高0.3m,总高为3m,有效容积为54.68 m3的临时渗滤液池,采用满铺2.0mm厚的HDPE防渗膜。根据计算,下库区配备一台5.5kw,口径100mm,流量80m3/h的泵进行回喷,最大回喷量可达1920 m3/d,可以满足要求。回喷点位于已完成防渗系统的垃圾体上。回喷点的选择应遵循尽量离收集点远点。回喷点在垃圾体上挖坑,铺设厚塑料薄膜。起到存贮和减缓渗滤液回流

pH缓冲液的配制

【引用】常用pH缓冲溶液的配制和pH值 2011-05-13 20:01:24| 分类:生物|字号订阅 本文引用自DSC《常用pH缓冲溶液的配制和pH值》

一、常用溶液的配制(文章来自:医药园(https://www.wendangku.net/doc/7a13576286.html,) 整理:zfg) (一)溶液配制注意事项 1.药品要有较好的质量试剂分为优级纯(保证试剂,Guaranteed reagent,G.R.)、分析试剂(Antalytical reagent,A.R.)化学纯(Chemical pure,C.P.)和实验试剂(Laboratory reagent,L.R.)等等。工业用的化学试剂,杂质较多,只在个别情况下应用,如配洗液用的硫酸、配干燥剂的氯化钙等。 2.药品称量要精确。 3.配制试剂用水应用新鲜的去离子水或双蒸馏水,比电阻值在50万欧姆以上,pH在5.5~7.0之间才可应用,在组织培养等特殊用途时应注意此项要求,配制一般化验用溶液只要求用双蒸馏水或去离子水。 4.配好后的溶液,应立即除菌处理(如高压灭菌、抽滤或加抑菌物质),以防杂菌生长。 (二)0.067(1/15)Mol/L磷酸缓冲液 1.1/15Mol/L磷酸二氢钾溶液的配制:称取磷酸二氢钾(KH2PO4,A.R.)9.08g,用蒸馏水溶解后,倾入1 000ml容量瓶内,再稀释至刻度(1 000ml)。 2.1/15Mol/L磷酸二氢钠溶液的配制:称取无水磷酸氢二钠(Na2HPO4,A.R.)9.47g (或者Na2HPO4·2H2O 11.87g)用蒸馏水溶解后,放入1 000ml容量瓶内,再加蒸馏水稀释至刻度(1 000ml)。 3.按附表的比例,配制成不同pH值的缓冲溶液。

硅表-1

硅酸盐连续测定仪操作手册 COPRA SILICA 96-251011 ANALYTICAL INSTRUMENTS Swan Analytical Instruments AG CH-8616 Riedikon / Uster

目录 目录ⅰ 警告及注意事项ii 安装启动步骤iii 1.1 概述 1.1 1.2 工作原理 1.1 1.2.1 测量原理 1.1 1.2.2 在线操作 1.2 2 安装 2.1 2.1 安装要求 2.1 2.2 样水要求 2.1 2.3 拆箱 2.1 2.4 安装 2.2 2.5 接线 2.4 2.6 安装压力棒 2.11 2.7 启动 2.12 3 显示屏与键盘 3.1 3.1 显示屏 3.1 3.2 键盘 3.2 4 模式设置 4.1 4.1 串行接口 (RS232) 4.2 4.2 FIELDBUS/MODEM 4.3 4.3 打印输出 4.4 4.4 记录器 4.5 4.5 校准 4.6 4.6 测量参数 4.8 4.7 选项 4.10 4.8 维护 4.12 5 用户模式 5.1 5.1 手工取样 5.2 5.2 硅表的限位 5.3 5.3 打印机 5.4 5.4 记录器 5.7 5.5 系统 5.9 5.6 诊断 5.11 6 维护 6.1 6.1 维护时间表 6.1 6.2 更换泵管 6.2 6.3 配制试剂 6.5 6.4 清洗试剂过滤器 6.6 6.5 更换阴离子交换柱 6.6 6.6 电磁阀的维护 6.8 6.7 更换通道选择阀 6.9 6.8 维护之后的启动 6.11 6.9 测量中断/完全停运及拆卸仪器 6.11 6.10 错误信息 6.12 ______________________________________________________________________________ ii

GS-2118硅表说明书

目录 一、概述 (1) 二、功能特点 (3) 三、试剂制备 (5) 四、仪表安装 (6) 五、运行与停机 (8) 六、仪表操作 (10) 七、仪表维护 (13) 八、备件及装箱 (14) 九、故障处理 (15)

GS—2118中文硅酸根监测仪 说明书 大连华城电子有限公司

第一章概述 1.1序言 GS—2118中文硅酸根监测仪是大连华城电子有限公司新近推出的一种全新技术的具有微处理器功能的智能化化学在线测量仪表,可以广泛应用于电力、冶金、建材、环保等工业流程中水质微量硅的连续监测。 含量的测量,化学发光法是国家本仪器在化学原理上把化学发光法应用到对水样中SiO 2 级发明专利,在水分析仪表检测中引导了一场重大技术突破,在精度和稳定度得到根本提高的同时,检测速度快,比传统硅钼蓝比色方法的仪器更具有优势,这项发明专利在某种意义上给硅表产品的设计和制造带来一次革命。 本仪器在流路设计上,充分考虑到了现场应用的实际情况和维护人员的实际需求,尽量使仪器结构设计简单、实用,在设计思路上始终贯穿了创新的主导思想,集开发、研制人员群体智慧,大胆围绕去掉蠕动泵、改造电磁阀,优化流路系统、缩小体积、提高测量精度和工艺设计水平等国内同行业仪表所难以克服的技术难题,经反复实践摸索、突破难点,最终靠在这个几方面所创造出的实用、新颖、独特的仪器,并在此基础上,采用计算机工业化专业工艺设计手段,从而达到了仪器具有结构简单、操作简便、维护量小、测量精度高、运行稳定等特点。 在进行仪器使用前,请详细阅读说明书,通过本使用说明书,可以对GS—2118的基本情况有一个全面了解,为正确操作和维护仪表做好准备,使仪器可以长期安全运行、良好使用。 1.2简介: 仪器整体为箱式结构,金属外壳,前面为玻璃门。内部分为流路系统和电气系统。 1.3测量原理: 在一定量的水中,试剂1、试剂2与水中的二氧化硅反应,生成一种络合物,当加入试剂3时,就能产生固定峰值及波长的可见光,光强度与二氧化硅的浓度成正比,通过光电检测装置把光信号转化为电信号,输送给微处理器处理后,在液晶屏上显示二氧化硅浓度值。 1.4电气系统:

唐山垃圾渗滤液污水处理工程培训方案及应急措施

唐山市古冶区垃圾填埋场渗滤液处理工程 (技术文件) 第八部分:培训方案及应急措施日期:年月日

目录 第一章技术培训计划 (333) 1.1.技术培训的必要性与重要性 (333) 1.2.培训目标 (333) 1.3.培训内容 (333) 1.4.培训方式与培训人员 (334) 1.5.培训时间 (335) 1.6.培训教材 (336) 1.7.人员考核 (336) 1.8.拟派培训人员及其简历 (336) 第二章污水处理系统应急预案 (337) 2.1预案的启动 (337) 2.2事故预防措施 (337) 2.3事故应急措施及注意事项 (337) 2.4事故后的恢复和重新进入 (338) 附件: (339) 工艺工程师简历 (339) 设备工程师简历 (340) 电气工程师简历 (341)

第一章技术培训计划 1.1.技术培训的必要性与重要性 垃圾渗滤液处理站建成以后,是否具有懂技术、会管理的渗滤液处理操作管理人员对渗滤液处理的各环节进行运行控制,直接影响到渗滤液处理站的设备能否长期稳定地运行;影响到处理出水水质能否长期稳定达标;影响到渗滤液处理站的能耗、物耗的消耗定额及运行费用。因而渗滤液处理站的操作管理人员需要通过技术培训来满足要求。 我司长期从事污废水治理及运营工作,一直将对业主方操作管理人员的技术培训工作放到十分重要的位置,以确保污水处理设施建成以后,业主方操作人员能够保证系统的长期稳定运行。 1.2.培训目标 我司负责在系统设备的安装、调试、检测和运行期间,对业主方技术人员提供设备的测试、操作和维修方面的技术培训,直到业主方工作人员全部掌握设备操作、运行操作、维修保养技术,并能达到正确的检修、维护、排除故障水平为止。做到“四懂四会”,即懂污水处理基本知识,懂站内构筑物的作用和管理方法,懂技术经济指标含义与计算方法、化验指标含义及其应用,会合理操作设备,会合理调度空气,会正确回流与排放污泥,会排除操作中的故障。使渗滤液处理站各类岗位人员能胜任调试及各生产岗位的生产运营工作。 1.3.培训内容 垃圾渗滤液的特点、性质及处理方法概述;本站垃圾渗滤液的处理方法及特点UASB反应器的工艺原理、维护管理及运行工艺参数控制 MBR膜生物处理装置的工艺原理、操作要点、维护管理、及工艺参数检测与控制技术; UF超滤、NF纳滤系统的工艺原理、操作要点及维护管理、及工艺参数检测与控制技术; 渗滤液处理站各专业及通用设备的维护、维修、检测、管理技术,包刮各种水泵、曝气机、搅拌机、过滤装置、UF超滤系统、NF纳滤系统等;

缓冲溶液【(最全)常见缓冲溶液配制方法】

缓冲溶液【(最全)常见缓冲溶液配制方法】常见缓冲溶液配制 乙醇-醋酸铵缓冲液(pH3.7):取5mol/L醋酸溶液15.0ml,加乙醇60ml和水20ml,用10mol/L氢氧化铵溶液调节pH值至3.7,用水稀释至1000ml。 三羟甲基氨基甲烷缓冲液(pH8.0):取三羟甲基氨基甲烷12.14g,加水800ml,搅拌溶解,并稀释至1000ml,用6mol/L盐酸溶液调节pH值至8.0。 三羟甲基氨基甲烷缓冲液(pH8.1):取氯化钙0.294g,加 0.2mol/L三羟甲基氨基甲烷溶液40ml使溶解,用1mol/L盐酸溶液 调节pH值至8.1,加水稀释至100ml。 三羟甲基氨基甲烷缓冲液(pH9.0):取三羟甲基氨基甲烷6.06g,加盐酸赖氨酸3.65g,氯化钠5.8g,乙二胺四醋酸二钠0.37g,再加水溶解使成1000ml,调节pH值至9.0。 乌洛托品缓冲液:取乌洛托品75g,加水溶解后,加浓氨溶液4.2ml,再用水稀释至250ml。

巴比妥缓冲液(pH7.4):取巴比妥钠4.42g,加水使溶解并稀释至400ml,用2mol/L盐酸溶液调节pH值至7.4,滤过。 巴比妥缓冲液(pH8.6):取巴比妥5.52g与巴比妥钠30.9g,加水使溶解成2000ml。 巴比妥-氯化钠缓冲液(pH7.8):取巴比妥钠5.05g,加氯化钠3.7g及水适量使溶解,另取明胶0.5g加水适量,加热溶解后并入上述溶液中。然后用0.2mol/L盐酸溶液调节pH值至7.8,再用水稀释至500ml。 甲酸钠缓冲液(pH3.3):取2mol/L甲酸溶液25ml,加酚酞指示液1滴,用2mol/L氢氧化钠溶液中和,再加入2mol/L甲酸溶液75ml,用水稀释至200ml,调节pH值至3.25~3.30。 邻苯二甲酸盐缓冲液(pH5.6):取邻苯二甲酸氢钾10g,加水900ml,搅拌使溶解,用氢氧化钠试液(必要时用稀盐酸)调节pH值至5.6,加水稀释至1000ml,混匀。 枸橼酸盐缓冲液:取枸橼酸4.2g,加1mol/L的20%乙醇制氢氧化钠溶液40ml使溶解,再用20%乙醇稀释至100ml。

PH计校准及缓冲液配置 (1)

标准缓冲溶液(均用pH标准缓冲物质配制) 1.1 苯二甲酸氢钾标准缓冲溶液:c(KHC8H4O4)=0.05 mol/L(25℃时,pH=4.003)。 苯二甲酸氢钾的pH标准缓冲物质,有小塑料袋和瓶装两种,配制方法如下: a)袋装配制法:在250 mL(或500 mL)量瓶中(根据袋中标准缓冲物质量,选择量瓶大小),按袋上的说明配制成所需的浓度。保存于聚乙烯瓶中。 b)瓶装配制法:称取5.10 g苯二甲酸氢钾(KHC8H4O4预先在115℃±5℃,烘2~3 h,于干燥器中冷却),溶于水并稀释至500 mL,混匀。保存于聚乙烯瓶中。 1.2 0.025 mol/L磷酸二氢钾(KH2PO4)和0.025 mol/L磷酸氢二钠(Na2HPO4)混合标准缓冲溶液(25℃时,pH=6.864): 磷酸二氢钾和磷酸氢二钠的pH标准缓冲物质,有小塑料袋装(混合磷酸盐)和瓶装(两种pH 标准缓冲物质分别包装)两种。配制方法如下: a)袋装配制法:在量瓶(根据袋上说明确定量瓶大小)中按袋上说明配制成所需浓度后,保存于聚乙烯瓶中。 b)瓶装配制法:迅速称取3.40 g磷酸二氢钾(KH2PO4)和3.55 g磷酸氢二钠(Na2HPO4)(均预先在115±5℃烘2~3 h,于干燥器中冷却)溶于蒸馏水,转入1 000 mL量瓶中,加水至标线,混匀。 1.3 0.008 695 mol/L磷酸二氢钾(KH2PO4)和0.030 43 mol/L磷酸氢二钠(Na2HPO4)标准混合缓冲溶液(25℃时,pH=7.413): 磷酸二氢钾和磷酸氢二钠两种pH标准缓冲物质分别用瓶包装,配制方法如下:迅速称取1.18 g磷酸二氢钾和4.31 g磷酸氢二钠(均预先在115℃±5℃烘2~3 h,于干燥器中冷却),溶于水,全量移入1 000 mL量瓶中,加水至标线,混匀。保存于聚乙烯瓶中。 1.4 硼砂标准缓中溶液:c(Na2B4O7·10H2O)=0.010 mol/L(25℃时,pHs=9.182)。 硼砂的pH标准缓冲物质也有塑料袋装和瓶装两种,配制方法如下: a)袋装配制法: 在500 mL量瓶中,按袋上说明配制成所需浓度后,分装于5个100 mL聚乙烯瓶中,瓶口用石蜡熔封。 b)瓶装配制法: 称取1.91 g硼砂(预先在盛有蔗糖饱和溶液的干燥器中平衡两昼夜),溶于刚煮沸冷却的蒸馏水,全量转入500 mL量瓶中,加水至标线,混匀。分装于5个100 mL聚乙烯瓶中,瓶口用石蜡熔封,有效期为三个月,经常使用的缓冲溶液,每周更换一次。 各种标准缓冲溶液的pH值随温度的变化而变化。0~45℃的pH值列于表21中。 1.5 饱和氯化钾溶液: 称取40 g氯化钾,加100 mL水,充分搅拌后盛于试剂瓶中(此溶液应与氯化钾固体共存)。 温度,℃苯二甲酸氢钾混合磷酸盐磷酸盐硼砂 0 4.006 6.981 7.534 7.534 5 3.999 6.949 7.500 9.391 10 3.996 6.921 7.472 9.330 20 3.998 6.879 7.429 9.226 25 4.003 6.864 7.413 9.182 30 4.010 6.852 7.400 9.142 35 4.019 6.844 7.389 9.105 40 4.029 6.838 7.380 9.072

垃圾填埋场安全应急预案

**城市生活垃圾卫生填埋厂 安全应急预案 为提升**垃圾填埋厂整体管理水平,有效预防、控制垃圾填埋厂突发事件的发生和扩散,确保将突发事件可能带来的影响和损失降到最低限度,最大可能保障我场人员生命财产安全和正常生产,结合我厂实际,特制定本预案。 一、组织领导 (一)成立**城市生活垃圾卫生填埋厂应急工作领导小组 成员名单: 组长:** 135******** 副组长:** **公司运营分公司总经理助理 139******** ** **公司运营分公司总经理助理 138******** 成员:** **填埋厂厂长 181******** ** **填埋厂执行厂长 135******** 领导小组工作职责:负责应急处置的指挥、指导工作,将垃圾填埋场突发事件的发生、处置过程和结果及时上报市应急办和市领导。 (二)成立**城市生活垃圾卫生填埋厂现场应急处置组 成员名单: 组长:** 181******** 副组长:** 135******** 组员:** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** 现场应急处置组工作职责:以厂长**为组长、**为副组长,具体负责突发应急事件应对工作的组织、协调,指导各个班组作好突发事件的保障应急工作;建立和完善安全建设机制、运行预警机制,建立保障应急联系机制;对应急事件分类存档,保证通信畅通,统一协调**城市生活垃圾卫生填埋厂突发事件的保障应急救援工作。

二、工作目标 制定**城市生活垃圾卫生填埋厂突发事件应急措施,重点确保垃圾填埋厂所辖范围内安全隐患;在安全建设、维护管理的基础上,提高突发情况应急处理能力。 按照突发事件性质、严重程度、可控性和影响范围等因素,突发事件分为特别重大突发事件(一级)、重大突发事件(二级)、一般突发事件(三级)。 (一)、特别重大突发事件(一级)包括:因灾害性气候造成垃圾场大面积坍塌、生活垃圾渗滤液泄露突发事件造成水域污染、沼气爆炸、车辆安全事故、药品中毒等突发事件出现人员伤亡,落实此类突发事件,根据应急保障工作领导小组的工作职责,由**公司运营分公司常务副总经理**负责总协调和具体调度,启动应急保障方案,调请消防、医疗、环保等相关部门,进行高标准、高水平的保障、控管。 (二)、重大突发事件(二级)包括:发生上述突发事件,性质不严重、无人员伤亡、影响范围小、呈可控性的突发事件,突发此类事件,立即召开应急保障工作领导小组会议,明确任务,由**厂长具体负责,组织各责任班组加强重点地段的保障和控管,在确保正常工作秩序的基础上,全力投入应急保障工作。 (三)、一般突发事件(三级)包括:出现危险或接到险情报告而应启动应急预案的突发事件。在垃圾厂有关班组接到险情报告后,及时报请**厂长,启动应急预案,并派人查看情况,针对发现的问题,拿出解决方案,应急保障工作领导小组指派相关班组落实。 三、具体措施 建立统一指挥、分级负责、部门联动、反应灵敏、运转高效的应急处置机制;建立由**公司运营分公司常务副总经理**领导与我厂相关班组联合参与的应急保障机构,组建警戒组、抢险组、搜救组、救护组等四个小组,按照各自职责做好突发事件应急保障工作;落实和管理好突发事件应急处置经费,以及必须物资的储备和管理;加强突发事件应急处理基础工作的日常检查、突发事件应急处置技能培训和工作考核。 (一)、生活垃圾渗滤液泄露突发事件应急措施:

Swan COPRA SILIC硅表维护较验规程

Swan COPRA PHOSPHATE磷表维护较验规程 一、仪表概述 1.工作原理 硅酸盐连续测定仪是根据不同浓度硅钼蓝溶液对波长为815nm光的吸收度不同的原理来设计的(Lange 标准方法)。 在低pH条件下,硅酸盐和磷酸盐与钼酸铵反应,分别生成黄色的硅钼酸和磷钼酸。在硅钼酸被硫酸亚铁铵还原成多聚混合物之前,磷钼酸要被草酸破坏掉。 应当指出的是,第一步反应(生成硅钼酸)的速度是相对缓慢的。但就整体来看,反应全过程还是非常剧烈的。随着反应速度的提高,反应温度也相应提高,从而缩短了加热样水的时间。所以硅酸盐连续测定仪装备了可自动调节至45°C的反应室。 45 °C时,第一步反应只需2分钟便可完成。接下来的反应需要1分钟。再用30秒的时间来加热样水。因此,全程反应时间不到5分钟。 光度计也须保持在45 °C恒温,以避免温度变化带来的误差并减少温度对光学元件的影响。 2.样水流量示意图 样水被送入一个恒位器。通道调节阀都可以调节样水流量,样水必须总是保持溢流排放。

通道分配如下: 通道1 样水连接1 标志号为:#1 编号1 通道2: 样水连接2 标志号为:#2 编号2 通道3: 样水连接3 标志号为:#3 编号3 通道4: 样水连接4 标志号为:#4 编号4 通道5: 标准试剂标志号为:#5 编号5 通道6: 空白选项或安全通道标志号为:#6 编号6 如果是两通道仪表,那么通道3 和4就不会出现在显示屏上。通道数可用键盘来设置。 对于手工取样(用户模式:手工取样),您可以选择想使用的通道(通道1-6)通道5: 在增益校准期间,该通道被自动选择。 对于手工取样,您也可以使用该通道,从固定架上取下标准液瓶,装上手工取样瓶即可。 用通道选择阀选中一路样水通道,或标准通道或安全通道,选定的样水被样水泵送入系统。 流经水泵后样水被送入恒温反应槽。这是一根Teflon管,预装加热器,并有4个试剂入口。水泵的转速决定了进入反应槽的样水的流量。水泵转速度已被厂家设定好并且保证有足够的时间来完成化学反应。 反应槽内样水被预热到45℃,排除了样水温度对测量的影响。把钼酸和硫酸加入涡流搅拌器,样水在两分钟内变成淡黄色。 随后加入草酸。磷钼酸的黄颜色即消失。 最后,加上还原剂(硫酸亚铁铵)。样水变成兰色。当硅元素非常少时,眼睛是观察不到这种兰色的。 其后,有色的样水流进恒温的光度计并完全充满。光度计顶端的通气孔保证光度计中不存在气泡。此时用波长为815nm的光照射样水,硅酸的浓度通过标准曲线就可计算出来了。 当光度计中的样水水位过高时,将会被虹吸管自动排出。 3.试剂配方 试剂1:钼酸铵,称取140g四水钼酸铵,37g氢氧化钠溶解稀释到10升。并混合均匀。试剂2:硫酸,取大约8 升水,量取163mL硫酸倒入,再稀释到10升并混合均匀。 试剂3:草酸,称取200g草酸完全溶解,再稀释到10升并混合均匀。 试剂4:硫酸亚铁铵称取60g硫酸亚铁铵溶解,加入约8L水,再量取33mL硫酸再稀释到10升并混合均匀。 按照颜色编号将试剂管放进容器的小开口: 蓝钼铵酸 红硫酸 无色草酸 黑还原剂:硫酸亚铁铵 二、显示和按键 1.显示:

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