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afford

afford
afford

afford Vt. 花得起;买得起;担负得起(…的费用、损失、后果)抽得出;提供

用法:1.与can/could/be able to 连用

2.afford to do sth/sth

如:

I can only afford the cheapest.

He can’t afford (to buy) a dictinary.

I am afraid I can’t afford to buy such a dictionary.

我恐怕买不起这样的字典

Can you afford a two-week holiday this summer?

今年夏天你有时间度两周假吗?

Now we can’t afford a waste of a minutes.

现在我们不能浪费一分钟时间。

The children can’t afford time for the cinema.

孩子们抽不出时间去看电影。

3.afford sth 提供某物

History affords us lessons.历史提供了经验教训。

The poor girl’s family could not afford her schooling .

这个小女孩的家庭供不起她上学。

翻译下列句子:

1.我们买不起这样的房子。

2.最近太忙,我抽不出时间度假。

3.我想我们没钱作任何旅行了。

1.We can not afford (to buy) such a house.

2.I’m too busy to afford a holiday recently.

I don’t think we’ll be able to afford any travel.

英语单词各种词性一览表

英语单词 各种词性 一览表 词性尾缀其实很多,大家主要记住最常用的 1. 名词后缀 1)-or/er/ess/crat/cis:做某件事情或职业的人或物:worker, debtor 2)-acy, 表示"性质,状态,境遇" democracy, accuracy, diplomacy 3)-ance, -ence表示"性质,状况,行为,过程,总量,程度”importance, diligence, difference, obedience 4)-ancy, -ency, 表示"性质,状态,行为,过程" frequency, urgency, efficiency, 5)-bility, 表示"动作,性质,状态" possibility, flexibility, feasibility, 6)-dom, 表示"等级,领域,状态" freedom, kingdom, wisdom 7)-hood, 表示"资格,身份, 年纪,状态" childhood, manhood, falsehood 8)-ion, -sion, -tion, -ation, -ition, 表示"行为的过程,结果,状况" action, solution, conclusion, destruction, expression, correction 9)-ism, 表示"制度,主义,学说,信仰,行为" socialism, criticism, colloquialism, heroism 10)-ity, 表示"性质,状态,程度”purity, reality, ability, calamity 11)-ment, 表示"行为,状态,过程,手段及其结果treatment, movement, judgment, punishment, argument 12)-ness, 表示"性质,状态,程度" goodness, kindness, tiredness, friendliness 13)-ship, 表示"情况,性质,技巧,技能及身份,职业”hardship, membership, friendship 14)-th, 表示"动作,性质,过程,状态" depth, wealth, truth, length, growth 15)-tude, 表示"性质,状态,程度" latitude, altitude(海拔) 16)-ure, 表示"行为,结果" exposure, pressure, failure, procedure(手续), 17-grapy, 表示"……学,写法”biography, calligraphy, geography 18)-ic, ics, 表示"……学……法" logic, mechanics, electronics, linguistics 19)-ology, 表示"……学……论”biology, zoology, technology(工艺学) 20)-nomy, 表示"……学……术" astronomy, economy, bionomy(生态学) 2. 形容词后缀 (1)带有“属性,倾向,相关”的含义 1)-able, -ible, visible, flexible 2)名词-ish, foolish, bookish, selfish(注意accomplish, vanish) 3)-ive, active, sensitive, productive

英语 花费 四种用法的区别

spend的主语必须是人,常用于以下结构: (1)sb. spend time /money on sth. 在……上花费时间(金钱)。 (2) sb.spend time / money (in) doing sth.花费时间(金钱)做某事。 例:I spent fifty yuan on the coat. = I spent fifty yuan (in) buying the coat. 我花50元买了这件大衣。 He spent three days on the work. = He spend three days (in) doing the work. 我干这项工作用了3天。 (3). spend money for sth. 花钱买 例如: His money was spent for books. 他的钱用来买书了。 cost的主语是物或某种活动,还可以表示"值",常见用法如下: (1)sth. costs (sb.) +金钱,某物花了(某人)多少钱。 例:A new computer costs a lot of money. 买一台新电脑要花一大笔钱。 (2) (doing) sth. costs (sb.) +时间,某物(做某事)花了(某人)多少时间。 例:Remembering these new words cost him a lot of time. 他花了大量时间才记住了这些单词。 注意:cost的过去式及过去分词都是cost,并且不能用于被动句。 take后面常跟双宾语,常见用法有以下几种: (1) It takes sb. +时间+to do sth. 做某事花了某人多少时间。 例:It took them three years to build this road. 他们用了三年时间修完了这条路。 (2)doing sth. takes sb. +时间,做某事花了某人多少时间。 例:Repairing this car took him the whole afternoon. 他花了一下午修车。 pay的基本用法是: (1) pay (sb.) money for sth. 付钱(给某人)买……。 例:I have to pay them 20 pounds for this room each month. 我每个月要付20英磅的房租。 (2)pay for sth. 付……的钱。 例:I have to pay for the book lost. 我不得不赔丢失的书款。 (3)pay for sb.替某人付钱。 例:Don‘t worry!I'll pay for you. 别担心,我会给你付钱的。 (4)pay sb.付钱给某人。 例: They pay us every month.他们每月给我们报酬。 (5)pay money back 还钱。(6)pay off one's money还清钱。 例:May I borrow 12 yuan from you? I'll pay it back next week. 你能借给我12块钱吗?下周还你。

各种词性一览表

各种词性一览表 1. 名词后缀 1)-or/er/ess/crat/cis:做某件事情或职业的人或物:worker, debtor 2)-acy, 表示"性质,状态,境遇" democracy, accuracy, diplomacy 3)-ance, -ence表示"性质,状况,行为,过程,总量,程度” importance, diligence, difference, obedience 4)-ancy, -ency, 表示"性质,状态,行为,过程" frequency, urgency, efficiency, 5)-bility, 表示"动作,性质,状态" possibility, flexibility, feasibility, 6)-dom, 表示"等级,领域,状态" freedom, kingdom, wisdom 7)-hood, 表示"资格,身份, 年纪,状态" childhood, manhood, falsehood 8)-ion, -sion, -tion, -ation, -ition, 表示"行为的过程,结果,状况" action, solution, conclusion, destruction, expression_r, correction 9)-ism, 表示"制度,主义,学说,信仰,行为" socialism, criticism, colloquialism, heroism 10)-ity, 表示"性质,状态,程度” purity, reality, ability, calamity 11)-ment, 表示"行为,状态,过程,手段及其结果treatment, movement, judgment, punishment, argument 12)-ness, 表示"性质,状态,程度" goodness, kindness, tiredness, friendliness 13)-ship, 表示"情况,性质,技巧,技能及身份,职业” hardship, membership, friendship 14)-th, 表示"动作,性质,过程,状态" depth, wealth, truth, length, growth 15)-tude, 表示"性质,状态,程度" latitude, altitude(海拔) 16)-ure, 表示"行为,结果" exposure, pressure, failure, procedure(手续), 17-grapy, 表示"……学,写法” biography, calligraphy, geography 18)-ic, ics, 表示"……学……法" logic, mechanics, electronic s, linguistics

四种花费和四种提供的用法

英语中“花费”的四种用法王朝红的工作室英语花费四种用法 spend的主语通常是人,往往用于以下句型: 1. (sb) spend some money/some time on sth。 2. (sb)spend some money/some time(in)doing sth。 例如: I spent fifty yuan on the coat。 = I spent fifty yuan (in) buying the coat. 我花50元买了这件大衣。 He spent three days on the work. = He spend three days (in) doing the work. 我干这项工作用了3天。 3.spend money for sth. 花钱买……。 例如:His money was spent for books. 他的钱用来买书了。 take常用于“占用、花费”时间,后面常跟双宾语,其主语通常为形式主语“it”或物。句式是: 1. It takes/took sb.some time to do sth 例如:It will take me two days to do the work. 这项工作花了2天时间。 2. Doing sth./Sth.takes sb.some time. 例如: The work will take me two days。这项工作花了2天时间。

Repairing this car took him the whole afternoon. 他花了一下午修车。 It took me three years to draw the beautiful horses。 =Drawing the beautiful horses took me three years。 画这些漂亮的马花费了我3年时间。 pay为“付款、赔偿”之意,主语通常是人,句型 1. sb. pays some money for sth 例如: I paid fifty yuan for the coat。我花50元买了这件大衣。 2. pay (sb。) money for sth. 付钱(给某人)买……。 例如:I have to pay them 20 pounds for this room each month. 我每个月要付20英磅的房租。 3. pay money back 还钱。 例如:May I borrow 12 yuan from you? I'll pay it back next week. 你能借给我12块钱吗?下周还你。 4. pay off one's money 还清钱。 cost的主语是物或某种活动,还可以表示“值”。句型 1. sth. costs (sb。) +money, 某物花了(某人)多少钱。

“四个花费”spend,cost,take, pay讲解及对应中考练习

“四个花费”讲解及对应中考练习 spend,cost,take, pay spend,cost,take和pay的区别是历年考试的必考内容之一,虽然它们都可以表示"花费",但用法却不尽相同,讲解如下: spend的主语必须是人,常用于以下结构: (1) spend time /money on sth. 在……上花费时间(金钱)。 例:I spent two hours on this maths problem. 这道数学题花了我两个小时。 (2) spend time /money (in) doing sth. 花费时间(金钱)做某事。 例:They spent two years (in) building this bridge. 造这座桥花了他们两年时间。 (3)spend money for sth. 花钱买……。 例:His money was spent for books. 他的钱用来买书了。 cost的主语是物或某种活动,还可以表示"值",常见用法如下: (1)sth. costs (sb.) +金钱,某物花了(某人)多少钱。 例:A new computer costs a lot of money. 买一台新电脑要花一大笔钱。 (2) (doing) sth. costs (sb.) +时间,某物(做某事)花了(某人)多少时间。 例:Remembering these new words cost him a lot of time. 他花了大量时间才记住了这些单词。 注意:cost的过去式及过去分词都是cost,并且不能用于被动句。 take后面常跟双宾语,常见用法有以下几种: (1) It takes sb. +时间+to do sth. 做某事花了某人多少时间。 例:It took them three years to build this road. 他们用了三年时间修完了这条路。 (2)doing sth. takes sb. +时间,做某事花了某人多少时间。 例:Repairing this car took him the whole afternoon. 他花了一下午修车。 pay的基本用法是: (1) pay (sb.) money for sth. 付钱(给某人)买……。 例:I have to pay them 20 pounds for this room each month. 我每个月要付20英磅的房租。 (2)pay for sth. 付……的钱。 例:I have to pay for the book lost. 我不得不赔丢失的书款。 (3)pay for sb. 替某人付钱。 例:Don‘t worry!I'll pay for you. 别担心,我会给你付钱的。 (4)pay sb. 付钱给某人。 例: They pay us every month.他们每月给我们报酬。 (5)pay money back 还钱。 例:May I borrow 12 yuan from you? I'll pay it back next week. 你能借给我12块钱吗?下周还你。 (6)pay off one's money还清钱。 【真题对应练习】 1.(广州某校2015期中)--- How much does your new bike ___________ ?

四种花费和四种提供的用法

四种花费和四种提供的 用法 公司内部编号:(GOOD-TMMT-MMUT-UUPTY-UUYY-DTTI-

英语中“花费”的四种用法王朝红的工作室英语花费四种用法 spend的主语通常是人,往往用于以下句型: 1. (sb) spend some money/some time on sth。 2. (sb)spend some money/some time(in)doing sth。 例如: I spent fifty yuan on the coat。 = I spent fifty yuan (in) buying the coat. 我花50元买了这件大衣。 He spent three days on the work. = He spend three days (in) doing the work. 我干这项工作用了3天。 3.spend money for sth. 花钱买……。 例如:His money was spent for books. 他的钱用来买书了。 take常用于“占用、花费”时间,后面常跟双宾语,其主语通常为形式主语“it”或物。句式是: 1. It takes/took sb.some time to do sth

例如:It will take me two days to do the work. 这项工作花 了2天时间。 2. Doing sth./Sth.takes sb.some time. 例如: The work will take me two days。这项工作花了2天时间。 Repairing this car took him the whole afternoon. 他花了一下午修车。 It took me three years to draw the beautiful horses。 =Drawing the beautiful horses took me three years。 画这些漂亮的马花费了我3年时间。 pay为“付款、赔偿”之意,主语通常是人,句型 1. sb. pays some money for sth 例如: I paid fifty yuan for the coat。我花50元买了这件大衣。 2. pay (sb。) money for sth. 付钱(给某人)买……。 例如:I have to pay them 20 pounds for this room each month.我每个月要付20英磅的房租。

形容词不规则变化列表

形容词不规则变化列表 不规则动词分类记(Irregular Verb Forms)

双写结尾的辅音字母,再加-ed的过去式。如:stop—stopped,trap-trapped drop-dropped plan-planned refer-referred prefer- preferred fit-fitted beg-begged nod-nodded permit-permitted admit-admitted shop-shopped

双写结尾的辅音字母,再加ing的现在分词如:sitting running getting cutting stopping beginning planning permitting ridding hitting letting shutting setting swimming 双写结尾的辅音字母,再加er的比较级 sad red ~big~hot~wet~fat thin~ 红大热湿胖瘦以不发音的-e 结尾的动词,去-e ,再加-ing。coming taking firing encircling writing becoming breathing leaving 人称代词,物主代词,反身代词一览表 简单句五种基本句型: 常见的以ant,ent 结尾的名词: merchant, agent, servant 常见的以ar结尾的名词scholar, liar, beggar 常见的以ee结尾的名词employee, examinee ,interviewee, trainee 常见的以er结尾的名词banker,teacher ,waiter,villager, Londoner, observer 常见的以ess结尾的名词actress, hostess, manageress 常见的以age结尾的名词courage, storage, marriage shortage 常见的以al结尾的名词refusal, arrival, survival, approval 常见的以ment结尾的名词treatment, movement, judgment, punishment, argument 常见的以ness结尾的名词goodness, kindness, tiredness, friendliness 常见的以ship结尾的名词hardship, membership, friendship 常见的以th结尾的名词depth, wealth, truth, length, growth

中考英语 副词知识点 副词的构成

副词的构成 副词的构成 从形态上看,大多数副词都是由"形容词+后缀-ly"构成的,例如:slowly, heavily, truly, terribly等。 形容词变副词: ①.在形容词词尾直接加-ly。如:real-really; helpful-helpfully; careful-carefully; slow-slowly; quick-quickly; quiet-quietly ②.以辅音字母加y结尾的形容词要变y为i,然后再加-ly。如:busy-busily; angry-angrily; easy-easily ③.某些以辅音字母加不发音的字母e结尾和以-ue结尾的形容词要先去掉e,然后再加-y或-ly。如:terrible-terribly; true-truly; gentle-gently 注意: friendly; motherly; lovely,weekly,lively等词是形容词而非副词。 ④.英语中还有少数与形容词同形的副词,例如:daily, early, fast, hard, high, long, near, straight, well等。请比较它们的词义和用法: the high jump 跳高项目(形容词) to jump high 跳得高(副词) a fast car 行得快的汽车(形容词)to drive fast 开快车(副词) an early riser 早起的人(形容词)to get up early 起得早(副词) a straight line直线(形容词)Go straight ahead. 一直朝前走。(副词) 注意:兼有两种形式的副词 ①.late 与lately: late意思是"晚"; lately 意思是"最近"。例如:You have come too late. What have you been doing lately? ②.deep与deeply: deep意思是"深",表示空间深度;deeply时常表示感情上的深度,"深深地"。例如:He pushed the stick deep into the mud. Even father was deeply moved by the film. ③.high与highly: high表示空间高度;highly表示程度,相当于much 。例如:The plane was flying high. I think highly of your opinion. ④.wide与widely: wide表示空间宽度;widely意思是"广泛地","在许多地方" 。例如:He opened the door wide. English is widely used in the world. 1

英语四个花费的区别

四个“花费”精讲及练习 一、spend的主语通常是人,句型有: 1. (sb) spend some money/some time on sth 2. (sb) spend some money/some time (in) doing sth 例如: I spent fifty yuan on the coat. = I spent fifty yuan (in) buying the coat. 我花50元买了这件大衣。 He spent three days on the work. = He spend three days (in) doing the work. 我干这项工作用了3天。 3. spend money for sth. 花钱买…… 例如:His money was spent for books. 他的钱用来买书了。 … 二、take常用于“占用、花费”时间,后面常跟双宾语,其主语通常为形式主语"it"或物。句型有: 1. It takes/took sb. some time to do sth 例如:It will take me two days to do the work. 这项工作将会花去我2天时间。 2. Doing sth./sth. takes sb. some time. 例如:The work will take me two days. 这项工作将会花去我2天时间。 Repairing this car took him the whole afternoon. 他花了一下午修车。 It took me three years to draw the beautiful horses. =Drawing the beautiful horses took me three years. 画这些漂亮的马花费了我3年时间。

副词构成法

副词构成法 1.有些副词为简单副词(不带词尾): often,out,quite,soon,home,back,there,thus,seldom,ever 2.有些副词,特别是地点副词及时间副词,常常以加词尾的方式构成: -ly(=every):yearly,monthly,daily,fortnightly -ward(s)(=toward):backward(s),leftward(s),upward(s),homeward(s),eastward (s),onward(s),inward(s) -wise,-ways:lengthwise,clockwise,likewise,otherwise;always,lengthways,sideways-long:headlong-ling(s):sideling(s) -s:upstairs,outdoors,sometimes,nowadays,needs或在一些单音节词前加词头或其他简单字: a-:along,away,abroad,apart,aside,adraft,aloud,ashore,across,above be-:before,below,beneath,besides 介词:inside,overboard,uphill,beforehand,today there-:therein(=in that),thereafter,thereby,thereof,therewith,ect.(陈旧用法) here-:herein(=in this),hereafter,hereby,hereof,herewith,etc.(陈旧用法) where-:wherein(=in what or which),whereon,whereby,whereof,wherewith,ect.(陈旧用法) 3.绝大多数副词都由形容词以下述3种方式构成: a.大多数方式副词,都在形容词后加-ly构成。注意拼法: 形容词副词形容词副词 glad gladly mournful mournfully happy happily heavy heavily

四种花费用法讲解

Take\spend\pay\cost表示花费的时候用法1、It takes sb some time to do sth. 该句型只表示花费时间,it是形式主语,真正的主语是动词不定式。sb是宾格形式,some time 是一段时间。 Eg: a.It took the boys two weeks to plant the trees last spring. b.It takes me ten minutes to walk to school every day. c.It will take us about 30 minutes to finish listening the story. 2. Sb spends some time/money (in) doing sth. Sb spends some time/money on sth. 该句型可表示花费时间,也可以表示花费金钱。主语必定是人,做某事可以用动词表示,也可用名词表示。 d.We spent the whole day going hiking in Mount Tai last summer. e.Did you spend ten yuan on the pen? f.All the boys spent about five minutes

remembering the ten English words. 除此之外,还有pay和cost也可以表示花费金钱。 Pay 常用for连用,构成pay for 意思是赔尝、付款。主语必须是人。 I paid for the book yesterday. 昨天我买了这本书。 I paid ten yuan for the book yesterday. 昨天我花了十元钱买了这本书。 You should pay for the book if you lose it. 如果你丢了这本书,你就应该赔偿。 Cost 表示值多少钱,也表示花费。 The magazine costs twenty yuan. The bicycle cost me eight hundred and fifty yuan.

副词的构成

副词的构成 从形态上看,大多数副词都是由"形容词+后缀-ly"构成的,例如:slowly, heavily, truly, terribly等。 形容词变副词: ①.在形容词词尾直接加-ly。如:real-really; helpful-helpfully; careful-carefully; slow-slowly; quick-quickly; quiet-quietly ②.以辅音字母加y结尾的形容词要变y为i,然后再加-ly。 如:busy-busily; angry-angrily; easy-easily ③.某些以辅音字母加不发音的字母e结尾和以-ue结尾的形容词要先去掉e,然后再加-y或-ly。如:terrible-terribly; true-truly; gentle-gently 注意: friendly; motherly; lovely,weekly,lively等词是形容词而非副词。 ④.英语中还有少数与形容词同形的副词,例如:daily, early, fast, hard, high, long, near, straight, well等。请比较它们的词义和用法: the high

跳高项目(形容词) to jump high 跳得高(副词) a fast car 行得快的汽车(形容词)to drive fast 开快车(副词) an early riser 早起的人(形容词)to get up early 起得早(副词) a straight line直线(形容词)Go straight ahead. 一直朝前走。(副词) 注意:兼有两种形式的副词①.late 与lately: late意思是"晚"; lately 意思是"最近"。例如:You have come too late. What

四种花费和四种提供的用法

四种花费和四种提供的 用法 Revised as of 23 November 2020

英语中“花费”的四种用法王朝红的工作室英语花费四种用法 spend的主语通常是人,往往用于以下句型: 1. (sb) spend some money/some time on sth。 2. (sb)spend some money/some time(in)doing sth。 例如: I spent fifty yuan on the coat。 = I spent fifty yuan (in) buying the coat. 我花50元买了这件大衣。 He spent three days on the work. = He spend three days (in) doing the work. 我干这项工作用了3天。 money for sth. 花钱买……。 例如:His money was spent for books. 他的钱用来买书了。 take常用于“占用、花费”时间,后面常跟双宾语,其主语通常为形式主语“it”或物。句式是: 1. It takes/took time to do sth

例如:It will take me two days to do the work.这项工作花了2天时间。 2. Doing sth./ time. 例如: The work will take me two days。这项工作花了2天时间。 Repairing this car took him the whole afternoon. 他花了一下午修车。 It took me three years to draw the beautiful horses。 =Drawing the beautiful horses took me three years。 画这些漂亮的马花费了我3年时间。 pay为“付款、赔偿”之意,主语通常是人,句型 1. sb. pays some money for sth 例如: I paid fifty yuan for the coat。我花50元买了这件大衣。 2. pay (sb。) money for sth. 付钱(给某人)买……。 例如:I have to pay them 20 pounds for this room each month. 我每个月要付20英磅的房租。 3. pay money back 还钱。

英语常用前缀列表

英语常用前缀列表表示否定的前缀 A-没有,不是; Anti相反; Contra相反; Dis-不是,相反; In相反; Un-相反; Neg-没有 表示方位的前缀Ante-,anti在......前; Pre-第一; Ad-向; Ob-,op抵抗; Pro-在......前; Post在......后; Re-向后; Epi-=on; Super,supr,超过; Sub,在.......下; Ambi-兼,在.......周围; Ex-.......之外; Peri-近处,周围;

Loc-地点; Medi-Mid-,中; Centr-中心; Circum-,Cycl-,周围,一圈; 表示程度的前缀 Macro-大; Micro-微小; Multi-多; Poly-多; Omni-所有; 表示现象或状态的前缀Bel-,Bene-,Bon-好,美; Eu-好; Mal-坏; Mis-错; Ab-,Abs-远离; De-远离,向下,不是; Se-隔离; Tele-远; Con-聚集; Syn-聚集,同样; Dia-通过; Per-通过;

Trans-越过; 表示数字的前缀Demi-,Hemi-,Semi半; Mono-一; Sol-单独; Uni-,一; Bi-二; Di,Dicho-二; Du-二; Tri-三; Quadr-四; Pent-五; Quint-五; Deca-十; Cent-百; Kilo-千; Mili-千; 英语常用名词后缀列表表示人以及与人有关的后缀 -ain; -aire; -an,-ian; -ean,-ent,-ary;

初一英语四个花费的用法辨析

初一必做每日一题—— 英语 四个花费的用法辨析 【南京名校7A 期末英语高频考点】cost & take & spend & pay的用法辨析 1. It takes me a long time ___to_design___ (design) the clothes for tomorrow’s fashion show. ( 2016-2017学年科利华7A期末) 2. --- How much does an iPhone 7 ______ ? (2016-2017学年科利华7A期末) --- More than 6,000 yuan. I don’t think it is a good idea to ______ so much on a phone. A. cost; cost B. spend; spend C. cost; spend D. spend; cost 【典型例题】 1. He pays 200 yuan for the jacket. (改为同义句) (2014-2015 育英二外7A U7-8单元卷) The jacket __________ __________ 200 yuan. 2. Sandy often spends too much time and money __________ (shop) on the Internet. (2015-2016学年鼓楼区7A 期中) 3. --- How long does it ______ you to ride to school? (2016-2017金陵汇文7A12月调研测试卷) --- At least half an hour because of the heavy traffic. A. take B. spend C. cost D. pay 4. The ticket ______ him 3000 Yuan, and flying to USA ______ him two days. (2016-2017 学年第二十九中7A 期中) A. took; cost B. spent; took C. cost; took D. paid; spent 【学霸易错点】 1. 四个“花费”(spend; take; cost; pay) 的主语和宾语容易混淆;句子变形为疑问句。 【破解要诀】 1. pay 主语为人,花费的事物为金钱。构成的句型为:sb.+pay+金钱+ for sb.; sb.+pay for sb. cost 主语为物,花费的事物为金钱。构成的句型为:sth.+ cost(s) (sb.)+金钱,解释为“某物花了(某人)多少钱。”;doing sth. cost(s) (sb.) +金钱, 解释为“做某事花了(某人)多少金钱。 spend 主语为人,花费的事物为金钱或时间。构成的句型为:sb.+spend+时间/金钱+doing sth.,解释为“某人花费时间/金钱做某事”;sb.+spend+时间/金钱+on sth.,解释为“某人花费时间/金钱在某物上”。 take 主语为it或doing sth,花费的事物为时间。构成的句型为:it+ takes/took sb.+时间+to do sth. 解释为“做某事花费某人多长时间”;doing sth. takes/took sb.+时间解释为“做某事花费某人多长时间”。

(完整版)常用虚词列表

常用虚词例表 序号名称词性语法意义及用法实在意义例句 1 之代词第三人称它(他、她)、们 指示代词这、那、这些、那些 助词结构助词的 主谓间取消句子独立性 调整音节 宾语前置的标志 定语后置的标志 动词到、往、去 2 其代词第三人称它(他、她)、们 指示代词这、那、其中的 语气词反问难道、岂 推测大概、也许 祈使必须、一定 3 而代词你、你的 连词并列和、跟、与(可不译) 承接然后、接着 递进并且、而且 转折但是、可是、却 假设如果、假如 修饰地、的(可不译) 目的来 因果所以 结果以致 动词像、如 4 以介词表凭借或依靠用、把、拿、凭借、依据 表原因因为 表时间或地点起止……以上(下) 连词同“而”同“而”的各种意义 动词常与“为”连用认为 5 于介词表动作涉及对象给、对于 表动作处所、时间在 表比较对象比 6 则连词承接于是、就 假设如果 转折但是、却 并列与、和 语气副词强调语气就、简直 动词表判断是 7 或代词有的人 有时 连词假设如果 副词推测语气也许

8 乃连词承接于是、就 代词第二人称你、你的 副词表时间才 表强调语气竟、竟然、却、反而 动词表判断是 9 虽连词假设即使 转折虽然 与“然”连用即使这样,虽然这样 10 因连词承接于是,就 介词表凭借凭借、依靠 表方式趁着、趁机 表原因因为 动词沿袭、继续 11 盖语气副词推测、反问大概、难道、岂 连词承接上文原来…… 助词发语词不译 12 安副词表反问语气怎么 代词表疑问那里 13 何副词表反问为什么 副词表强调多么 代词表疑问什么、哪里 14 故名词原因、原故 本来、原来 旧的、老的 事、灾祸 形容词特意、故意 连词表因果所以 15 且连词表并列一边……一边…… 表递进并且、而且、还 表假设如果、那么 副词时态将要 时间暂时、暂且 助词发语词同“夫” 16 莫副词表否定不、不要、不能 没有谁、没有什么 名词同“暮” 17 哉语气助词表感叹啊 表疑问呢 表反问吗 18 矣语气助词表肯定了 表感叹啊 表祈使吧 表疑问呢 19 乎语气助词表疑问呢

副词的构成

副词的构成 形容词变副词,通常加ly, 其变化有规律可循,口诀; 一般直接加,“元e”去e 加,”辅y”改i加,“le”结尾e 改y。 例如:quick ----- quickly true---- truly happy ---- happily possible ---- possibly 具体规则如下: 1.一般情况下,直接加ly. careful ---- carefully polite---- politely wide--- widely 2.少数以元音+e 结尾的形容词,去掉e, 再加ly. 如:true--- truly 绝大多数以辅音字母+e 结尾的形容词,直接加ly. Wise--- wisely nice --- nicely 3.以“y”结尾的形容词,且读音为【i】, 先将y改成i,再加ly. Happy--- happily heavy --- heavily angry ---- angrily busy---busily 但如果y 的读音为【ai】, 则直接加ly. 如:dry--- dryly shy---- shyly 4.以辅音字母加le 结尾时,去e 加y. Simple ----simply considerable ----- considerably terrible ---- terribly 5.有些形容词与副词同形。 better last early more else much far next fast only hard well straight high deep wide firm colse 注意:有些以ly 结尾的词并非副词,而是形容词。 如:friendly, lively, likely, lovely, brotherly,

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