烟店中学155工程英语讲义

烟店中学155工程英语讲义

Unit 1 How often do you exercise?

一）习惯用语：

watch TV 看电视

go to the movies 去看电影

on weekends 在周末

hardly ever 几乎不

how often 多久一次

once a week 一周一次

twice a month 一月两次

do homework 做家庭作业

the result of……的结果

as for 至于，对于

junk food 垃圾食品

be good/bad for 对…有益/害

eating habits 饮食习惯

try to do sth.尽力做某事

try doing sth.尝试做某事

lots of=a lot of许多

of course/Sure当然

come home from school从学校来到家

look after=take care of 照看；照顾

a healthy lifestyle 一种健康的生活方式

be the same as…和…相同

be different from…和…不同

want to do sth.想要做某事

want sb. to do sth.想要某人做某事

make a big difference 有很大不同

keep healthy = stay healthy

keep in good health =keep fit 保持健康

surf the Internet上网

get good grades 取得好成绩

二）重点句型：

1.What does she do on weekends?

她在周末常干什么？

2.She often goes to the movies.

她经常去看电影。

3.I watch TV every day. 我每天都看电视。

4.We often surf the Internet. 我们经常上网。

5.I read English books about twice a week.

我大约一周两次看英语书。

6.I shop once a month. 我每月购物一次。

7.She says it’s good for my health. 她说这对我的健康有利。

8.How often do you eat junk food?

你多久一次吃垃圾食品？

9.I look after my health. 我照看我的健康。

10.My eating habits are pretty good.

我的饮食习惯相当好。

三）交际用语：

What do you usually do on weekends? I usually play soccer.

What do they do on weekends? They often go to the movies.

What does he do on weekends? He sometimes watches TV.

How often do you shop? I shop once a month.

How often does Cheng watch TV? He watches TV twice a week.

四）主题写作：

词语点击：

1.exercise: [′eks?saiz]

1）作可数名词用，“练习，习题，体操，功课，操练”等,常用复数。

I'm doing my exercises.我在做练习/功课。Doing morning exercises is helpful to our health.

做早操对我们的健康是有益的。

2）作不可数名词用，“锻炼，运动”。

Y ou are weak because of the lack of exercise.你身体弱是因为缺少锻炼。

Take more exercise,and you will be healthy.多多锻炼，你会健康的。

3）作动词用，“训练，锻炼”。

Y ou must exercise yourself in order to be stronger and healthier.

为了更健康更强壮，你必须锻炼自己。Y ou don't exercise enough.你锻炼不够。﹝作不及物动词﹞

作动词用还有“履行职责，行使全力”等意思。

Y ou must exercise your own duty.

你必须履行你自己的职责。

2.hardly: [′hɑ:dli]

1）副词adv.hardly 是"几乎不", hard 也可是副词,“努力地,猛烈地”

2）hardly 是位于句首时,句子要用倒装.如: Hardly did I believe what you said.

我几乎不相信你说的话.

Hardly did I arrive at the railway station when the train started.

我一到火车站,火车就开走了.

3）句子中有hardly 时,其反意疑问句的疑问部分应该用肯定形式. 如:

He can hardly understand it ,can he ? 他几乎听不懂,是吗?

hardly ever 很少(几乎从不,难得)

例句与用法:

My grandfather loves his island. He hardly ever sets foot in the city.

我祖父热爱他那个小岛，他几乎从不进城来。He hardly ever (very seldom) goes to bed before midnight. 他很少在午夜以前就寝. （同学们要记住：早睡早起是“一”个好习惯啦！Going to bed early and getting up early is a good habit.） 3.ever: [′ev?]

ever用作副词，意为“曾经、以前”

Did you ever see the UFO？你还见到过飞碟？When you were working there，did you ever meet a foreigner？你在那里工作时曾见过外国人吗？ 4.once: [w?ns]

1）副词adv. 一次I have been there once.我到过那儿一次。

I see them once every two months.我每两个月与他们见一次面。

2) 连接词conj.一旦,一经...便

Once you get into a bad habit, you'll find it hard to get out of it.

一旦染上坏习惯,想改掉就难了。

5.twice: [twais]

副词adv.:两次,两回; 两倍。

He comes to work twice a week. 他每周来上两次班。

The dining-room is twice as big as the kitchen. 餐厅是厨房的两倍大。

6.active: [′?ktiv]

形容词adj.活跃的;活泼的

Mrs. Brown is over 80 and not very active now.

布朗太太已八十多岁,现在不大活动了。提示：active的名词形式为activity，意为“活动”。

7.about: [?′baut]

1)副词adv.大约;几乎

John is about the same age as Tom. 约翰和汤姆的年龄相仿。

2)介词prep. 关于,对于

My mother often spoke to me about you. 家母过去常和我谈起你。

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/7813646979.html,k: [milk]

1)名词n.乳; 牛奶（不可数名词）

Y ou have to keep watching to prevent the milk from boiling over.

你要看住, 不要让牛奶溢出来。

2)动词v. & vi.产奶; 挤奶

The cow is milking heavily.这头奶牛出奶率很高。

9.drink: [dri?k]

1）动词vt. & vi.喝(酒), 饮

I don't drink and I've never played cards.我不喝酒, 也从不打牌。

2）名词n.既可做可数名词，又可作不可数名词

He likes a drink when he returns home from work.

他喜欢下班回家后喝一杯酒。

food and drink食物和饮料10.health: [helθ]

名词n. 1)健康[U]

Smoking does harm to health. 吸烟有损健康。

2.)健康状况[U]

She is in poor health.她身体不好。

拓展：health的形容词为healthy，healthy的比较级为healthier最高级为healthiest,反义词为unhealthy。

11.habit: [ˊh?bit]

名词n. 习惯, 习性。

Habit cures habit. [谚]新习惯可以改掉旧习惯。

be in / have a habit of (doing sth.) 惯于, 有某种习惯

His uncle has a bad habit of smoking.他的叔叔有一种抽烟的坏习惯。

12.try: [trai]

1）动词v.tried（过去式）trying（现在分词）tries（单数第三人称形式）

试图，努力；努力做或完成（某事）。

tried to ski.试着滑冰

2）名词n.尝试，常用于短语have a try,等于have a go

【拓展】try on 试穿（衣帽等）try one's best to do sth.尽最大力量做某事

13.same:[seim]

形容词adj.:同一的

I live in the same house as he.我跟他同住一所房子。

反义词为different。Same常与the连用,常见短语有：

almost the same几乎一样the same as 和……一样

This is the same skirt that she was wearing a year ago.

这就是她一年前穿的那条裙子。

14.different: [ˊdif?r?nt]

形容词adj.1) 不同的[(+from)]

Their school is different from ours. 他们的学校与我们的不同。

That is quite a different matter. 那完全是另一码事。

2. )各种的

The delegates come from different parts of the world.代表们来自世界各地。

它的名词形式为difference，形容词为differently. 15.although: [?:l′e?u]

连接词conj.1)尽管, 虽然

Although my car is very old, it still runs very well.我的汽车虽然很旧, 但仍然跑得很快2) 然而:I did not know that, although I learned it

【小提示】许多同学都知道，英语习惯上不能将汉语中的“虽然……但是……”直译为although/though… but…。这两个词不能连用。如：

她虽然很穷，但没有失去她的尊严。误：Although she is very poor, but she has not lost her dignity.

正：Although she is very poor, she has not lost her dignity.

正：She is very poor, but she has not lost her dignity.

16.keep [ki:p]

动词v.:保持；使……保持某种状态。首先这是一个系动词，后接形容词做表语，

其次本词也是实义动词，无论后面的动词是作宾语或宾语补足语，都用动词-ing形式。例如：

We kept working in the fields in spite of the rain.

尽管下雨，我们还是坚持在地里干活。

【拓展】keep构成的一些短语

keep (sb.) away (from sth.)（使）某人离开（某物）

keep sb. from doing sth. 阻止某人做某事阻止,妨碍;控制住[(+from)]

（例如；Robbie couldn't keep the child from crying.

罗比没法使孩子不大叫大哭。）

keep sth. in mind 记住（某事物）

keep back 忍住（眼泪），扣下，隐瞒

keep in touch with 与……保持联系

keep (on) doing sth. 继续做某事

keep off 远离，避开，让开

keep up 保持（不低落），继续

keep up with 跟上，不落在后面

17.must[m?st]情态动词modal v. 1）(表示必要、命令或强制)必须,得

Y ou mustn't talk like that.你可不能这样说话。Y ou must do as you are told.你必须遵嘱行事。We must be home by six. 我们必须在六点以前回家。

2）(表示肯定的推测)一定,谅必,八成

This must be your room.这一定是你的房间了。

He must be eighty now.他现在八成有八十岁【注意】must还可以用来询问对方的意见，否定回答不用mustn’t，要用needn’t或don’t have to,意思是“不必”。

——Must I hand in the homework today?我必须今天交家庭作业吗？

——No,you don’t have to/neednt.不，你不必。

18.less：[les]

1）形容词adj. (little的比较级)较小的,较少的[+than]

He has less strength than I. 他力气比我小。

2）副词adv. (little的比较级)较小地,较少地;不如[+than]

Thunderstorms are much less common in Ireland than in England.

爱尔兰的雷雨远较英格兰为少

Little的最高级为least,其后加不可数名词，与little,less,least相对应的反义词分别是much,more,most. 【拓展】-less后缀

1.(附在动词或名词之后的形容词词尾)表示"无","没有"(如: useless, homeless)

2. (附在动词或名词之后的形容词词尾)表示"不能"(如:tireless孜孜不倦的)

be tireless in teaching 诲人不倦

火眼金睛：

1.“多久”一相逢：

How often do you visit your grandparents? Twicce a month.

你多久去看一次你的（外）祖父母？每月两次。

h ow often“多久一次”用来引导特殊疑问句，询问事情发生的频率。常用once a week,twice a month等来回答。例如：——How often do you go swimming?

——Once a week.

how long“多长”，用来询问时间（对一段时间提问）或物体的长度。

how far“多远”，用来询问距离。

how soon“多久以后”，对以“in+一段时间”进行提问，常用于一般将来时。

2.“兴趣”知多少？

I'm interested in the （interesting）book.

我对这本（有意思的）书感兴趣。1）-ing形容词

这类形容词可做定语或表语。做表语时，主语通常是事物，表示“令人……的”。例如：exciting令人兴奋的surprising令人惊奇的boring令人讨厌的

2）-ed形容词

这类形容词常做表语，且主语是人，表示“（人）感到……的”。例如：excited感到兴奋的surprised感到惊奇的bored感到厌烦的

3.如何“示”好：

be good for…意为“对……有益/有好处”。例如：Reading books is good for us.开卷有益 be good at意为“善于，擅长”，后接名词、代词或动名词。

be good to意为“对……友好”，一般后接表示人的名词。

be good with意为“与……相处得好”

题例：Are you good_____ sports and good _____ children?

A.for,with

B.at,with

C.to,at

D.at,for 【剖析】本句意为“你擅长于运动并能与孩子们相处得好吗？”，故答案选B.

4.“帮助”得法：

help sb.(to) do sth.意为“帮助某人做某事”，to 也可省略。Help还可用于短语help sb. with sth.中，也意为“帮助某人做某事”。例如: Would you please help me (to) finish this task Can you help me with this task? 两句意思都是：“你能帮我完成这项任务吗？”

can't help doing sth.意为“情不自禁地做某事”。例如：

We can't help laughing after hearing the story. 听完这个故事以后，我们情不自禁地笑了但是：This book can't help to solve this problem.(黄冈中学预录题)

（这本书不能帮助解决这个难题。）则是help (us)to do sth.的否定形式，不在此例。

5.“经常”连连串：

频率副词的用法：

always＞usually＞often＞sometimes＞seldom(极少) ＞hardly ever＞never等频率副词用来表示某一动作或状态发生的频率。注意；它们可是按降幂排列的哦！

1）频率副词用于一般现在时，它们常位于行为动词之前，be动词、情态动词及助动词之后，加强语气时放在句首。

2）对它们提问时用how often.

【拓展】hardly ever,never分别是否定意义的词组和副词，变反意疑问句时，疑问部分用肯定形式。例如：He hardly ever watches TV,does he?

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We still have a little time. There is little time left. 4. both, either, neither, all, every, none 5. “other” 、“another”、“others”和“the others” I have two pencils. One is yellow, the other is red. I don’t like this green pencil, please give me another one. In our class, some students like playing football, others like playing basketball.

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