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人教版小学英语语法常用四大时态及三大句型

人教版小学英语语法常用四大时态及三大句型
人教版小学英语语法常用四大时态及三大句型

人教版小学英语语法常用四大时态及三大句型

一般现在时

一、概念

1.表示经常性或习惯性的动作,常与表示频度的时间状语连用。如:always, usually, often, sometimes, seldom(很少), never(决不), every day, at 8:30, on Sunday,in the morning等。如:I always get up at 6:00 in the morning.

2.表示现在时刻的状态、能力、性格、个性。如:She loves English very much. My sister can play the piano very well.

3.表示客观的事实。如:The sun rises in the east. 太阳从东方升起。

4.格言或警句。如:Pride goes before a fall. 骄者必败。二、句子结构1.如果句子主语的人称是I, we, you, they或复数名词时,动词用动词原形。如:We often go home by bus.2.如果句子的主语是第三人称单数,即:he, she, it 或单数名词时,动词要用第三人称的单数形式。如:He often goes home by bus.三、动词的第三人称单数构成规则

1.一般情况下在动词的后面直接加“s”;

如:work→works

play→plays

rain→rains

see→sees

visit→visits

2.以o, x,s,sh, ch结尾的动词,在后面加“es”;

如:do→does

fix→fixes

guess→guesses

wash→washes

teach→teaches

3.以辅音字母加y结尾的动词,先把“y”改为“i”, 再加“es”;如:fly→flies

study→studies

carry→carries

4.不规则变化。

如:have→has

四、注意

在一般现在时的句子中,如果前面使用了助动词does, doesn’t, will, won’t, can, can’t, would, wouldn’t, must, mustn’t 等,尽管主语是第三人称单数,后面的动词用动词原形。

如:He doesn’t want to go shopping. He can sing the song.

五、一般现在时的一般疑问句一般现在时的一般疑问句是把助动词do, 或does 放在句首来引导。1、如果句子的主语是I, we, you, they或复数名词时,用do来引导,其余句子的位置不变。肯定回答:Yes, I/we/they do. 否定回答:No, I/we/they don’t.如:They go to school by bus every day.→Do they go to school by bus every day?→Yes, they do.(肯定回答)→No, they don’t.(否定回答)2、如果句子的主语是

he, she, it 或单数名词时,用does 来引导,其余句子的位置不变,但是要把原来句子中的动词第三人称单数形式,改为动词原形。肯定回答:Yes, he/she/it does. 否定回答:No, he/she/it doesn’t.如:He often goes to school by bike. →Does he often go to school by bike?→Yes, he does. (肯定回答)→No, he doesn't. (否定回答)六、一般现在时的否定句1.如果句子的主语是I, we, you, they或复数名词时,则在主语的后面加don't。如:We always go to school on foot. →We don’t always go to school on foot.2.如果句子的主语是he, she, it或单数名词时,则在主语的后面加doesn't 。但是要把原来句子中的动词第三人称单数形式,改为动词原形。如:He often goes to school by bike. →He doesn’t often go to school by bike.

一般过去式

一、概念

表示在的过去某个时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态。通常在句子里找到表示过去时间的词或词组。如:yesterday,yesterday morning,yesterday afternoon,yesterday evening,the day before yesterday(前天),last night,last week,last month,last year,a moment ago(刚才),just now(刚才),two days ago,a week ago,in 1990等。如:I went to bed at eleven last night. 昨晚我11:00睡觉。

二、动词过去式的构成规律

(一)规则动词的过去式1、一般情况下,在动词原形后面加-ed;如:look→looked play→played;2、以不发音e结尾的动词,在词尾直接加-d;如:live →lived use→used;3、以“辅音字母+ y”结尾的动词,先将y 改为i ,再加–ed;如:study→studied, try→tried fly→flied4、以重读闭音节(即辅音+元音+辅音)或r音节结尾,末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词,要先双写这个辅音字母后,再加–ed。如:stop→stoppedplan→planned;(二)不规则动词的过去式(后附不规则动词变化表)1、改变动词中的元音;begin→began drink →drankcome→cameeat→ate grow→grewrun→ran know→knew win→won speak→spoketake→tookwrite→wrote get→got2、变词尾的–d 为–t ;build→built lend→lent send→sent spend→spent bend→bent3、与动词原形一样; cut→cut put→put cost→cost hurt→hurt shut→shut4、变-ay 为-aid (少数动词); say→said pay→paid lay→laid5、采用不同词根;sell→sold teach→taught buy→bought6、其他。如:am/is→was are→were have/has→had do→did

三、句式变化

(一)一般过去时的一般疑问句1、把was, were放在句首,其余位置不变。由Was…?引导的一般疑问句,肯定答为:Yes,…was. 否定回答为:No,…. wasn't. 由Were…?引导的一般疑问句,肯定回答为:Yes,…were. 否定回答为:No,…weren't. 如:(1)I was born in Shanghai. →Were you born in Shanghai?→Yes, I was. (肯定回答) →No, I wasn't. (否定回答)(2)They were in Li Yan's home last night.→Were they in Li Yan's home last night?

→Yes, they were. (肯定回答) →No, they weren't. (否定回答)2、在行为动词的句子中,要用助动词词did来引导,其余的语序不变。要注意的是,要把行为动词的过去式改为原形。肯定回答为:Yes, …did. 否定回答:No, …didn't. 如:John played computer games last night.→Did John play computer games last night?→Yes, he did. (肯定回答) →No, he didn't. (否定回答)(二)一般过去时的否定句1、在表示过去存在的状态的句子中,相接在was, were的后面加上not。如:(1)He was in the park the day before yesterday. →He was not in the park the day before yesterday.(2)We were busy last week. →We were not busy last week.2、在表示过去的时间发生的动作的句子中,要在行为动词的前面加助动词didn't.然后把过去式的行为动词改为动词原形。即:didn't + 动词原形。如:(1)She played the violin last night. →She didn't play the violin last night.(2) They swam in the lake yesterday. →They didn't swim in the lake yesterday.(三) 一般过去式的特殊疑问句1.What did …?(主要是询问过去发生了什么事情,注意要把过去式改为动词原形。)We ate Chinese food last night. →What did we eat last night?2.Where did ?( 主要是询问过去事情发生的地方。)They sang and dance in the music room yesterday morning.→Where did they sing and dance yesterday morning?3.Who + 动词过去式…?( 主要是询问过去事情发生的人物。)Mike and Tom climbed mountains last weekend.→Who climbed mountains last weekend?

四、句子结构

1、在表示某个时间里存在的状态的句子,系动词用过式was,were构成。如:(1)I was at home yesterday. 昨天我在家。(2)We were in the gym just now. 刚才我们在体育馆。

2、在表示过去某个时间里发生的动作,用动词的过去式构成。如:I visited my uncle yesterday. 昨天我拜访了我的叔叔。3.各种句式(1)一般过去时的肯定陈述句:主语+动词过去式+宾语或表语。He worked in Shanghai ten years ago.(2)一般过去时的否定句:a.主语+didn't +动词原形+宾语。 (did + not = didn't)He didn't do morning exercises yesterday.b.主语+wasn't/weren't +表语。(was + not = wasn't were + not = weren't)He wasn't an English teacher ten years ago.(3)一般过去时的一般疑问句:a.Did +主语+动词原形+宾语?Did you study English in 1990 ?b.Was/Were + 主语+表语?Was he a pupil five years ago ?(4)一般过去时的特殊疑问句:a.特殊疑问

词+ did + 主语+动词原形+宾语?Where did your parents live five years ago?What did you do last Sunday?b.特殊疑问词+were/was +表语?Who was at the zoo yesterday?

一般将来时

一、概念

一般将来时表示将来某一时刻的动作或状态,或将来某一段时间内经常的动作或状态。一般将来时由助动词shall(第一人称),will(第二、三人称)+动词原形构成。美国英语则不管什么人称,一律用will。

二、一般将来时的形式

1、will 常简略为'll,并与主语连写在一起,如:I'll,he'll,it'll,we'll,you'll,they'll。

2、一般疑问句如用Will you…?其简略答语须是Yes,I will或No,I will not;如用Shall you…?(较少见)其简略答语须是Yes,I shall.或No,I shall not.

三、一般将来时的用法

1、表示将来的动作或状态

一般将来时常与一些表示将来的时间状语连用,如:tomorrow(明天),next week(下周),from now on(从现在开始);in the future (将来)等。

2、表示将来经常发生的动作。

一般将来时表示将来某一时刻的动作或状态,其表达形式除了“shall(第一人称),will(第二、三人称)+动词原形构成”外,还有以下几种形式。1)“to be going to+动词原形”表示即将发生的或最近打算进行的事。例如:

①It is going to rain. 要下雨了。

②We are going to have a meeting today. 今天我们开会。

2)go,come,start,move,sail,leave,arrive,stay等可用进行时态表示按计划即将发生的动作,例如: I'm leaving for Beijing. 我要去北京。

3)“be to+动词原形”表示按计划要发生的事或征求对方意见。例如:

①Are we to go on with this work?我们继续干吗?

②The boy is to go to school tomorrow.这个男孩明天要去上学。

4)“be about to+动词原形”表示即将发生的动作,意为:很快,马上。后面一般不跟时间状语。例如: We are about to leave.我们马上就走。5)某些词,如come,go, leave,arrive,start,get,stay 等的一般现在时也可表示将来。

①The meeting starts at five o'clock.会议五点开始。

②He gets off at the next stop.他下一站下车

四、一般将来时特点

1)shall用于第一人称,常被will 所代替。will 在陈述句中用于各人称,在征求意见时常用于第二人称。

Which paragraph shall I read first? Will you be at home at seven this evening?

2)be going to +不定式,表示将来。

a. 主语的意图,即将做某事。What are you going to do tomorrow?

b. 计划,安排要发生的事。The play is going to be produced next month。

c. 有迹象要发生的事Look at the dark clouds, there is going to be a storm.

3)be +不定式表将来,按计划或正式安排将发生的事。 We are to discuss the report next Saturday.

4)be about to +不定式,意为马上做某事。 He is about to leave for Beijing.

注意:be about to 不能与tomorrow, next week 等表示明确将来时的时间状语连用。

五、一般将来时常见用法

1、表示将要发生的动作。例如:I shall go to see a friend this evening.

2、shall用于第一人称作主语的问句里,表示征求对方的意见或询问情况。例如:Shall I open the door?

3、will用于第二人称的问句里,征求对方是否愿意或表示客气的邀请或命令。例如:Will you please read the word?

4、be going to打算、准备做某事或即将发生的事。例如:We are going to plant trees.这种时态由be的将来时形式+现在分词构成。如主语为第一人称,除在疑问句外will要比shall更常用.可用做一般进行时;也可表示不含意图又未发生的动作。

5、be to do按计划安排要发生的事或征求对方意见。例如:When is the swimming pool to open?

6、be going在go,come,leave,stay等按计划安排要发生的事中。这些动词经常具有趋向性。例如:They are leaving here tomorrow.

现在进行时

一、概念

表示正在发生的事情或动作,常和now,look,listen连用。如:We are listening to music now. 我们现在正在听音乐。Listen! He is playing the piano. 听!他正在弹钢琴。

二、句子结构

1.be + 动词现在分词(即:动词-ing形式),be + doing 是一个整体,不能分开。

2.be 随着主语的变化而变化,doing的变化规则根据现在分词的变化规律来定。

三、动词现在分词的构成规律

1.一般情况下,在动词原形后直接加-ing;

如:work→working

do→doing

play→playing

2.以不发音字母e结尾的动词,先去掉e,再加-ing;

如:dance→dancing

come→coming

3.在重读闭音节(即:辅音+元音+辅音)的动词中,要先双写末尾的辅音字母,再加-ing;

如:get→getting

shop→shopping

run→running

swim→swimming

4.以ie结尾的重读闭音节词,将ie改成y再加ing。如:lie→lying

die→dying

四、现在进行时的各种句式变化

1.否定句方法:直接在be的后面加not。如:They are running.→They are not running.

2.一般疑问句方法:直接把be放在主语的前面,其余位置不变。如:They are running.→Are they running?

3.特殊疑问句方法:如果就划线部分提问事情或动作时,用What…doing?如:They are swimming in the sea now.→What are they doing in the sea now?

小学英语四大时态测试题打

小学英语四大时态测试题 一、写出下列单词的现在分词:(1分) speak ______ 2. run _______ 3. swim ______ 4. do ____ask _______ 6. begin _______ 7. dance ______ 8.eat ______9. sing ________ 10 fly _______ 11. jog ______12. come ______13. talk ____ 14. sleep ______ 15. fight _____ 16.jump ______17. get _________18. buy _______ 19. cook __________ 20.skate __________ 二、写出下列动词的过去式或动词原形。(1分) 1. go_____ 2. is_____ 3.buy_____ 4.swim_____ 5. have ______ 6. watched ________ 7. ate_____ 8. got_____ 9. lived ______10. saw ___ 11. spend _____ 12. talk ______13. do ______14. teach _______ 15. win ______ 16. like _______ 17. write _______18. cry ______ 19. study _____ 20. ask __________ 三、用单词的正确形式填空:(1分) 1.Mike _________ (do) his homework every day. 2.There __________(be) some water in the glass. 3.I like singing. I often _________(listen) to the music in the evening. 4. look! Chen Jie and Mike are ___________(sing)now. 5. The small bear is ________ (climb) the tree. 6. My father is ________ (read) a newspaper in living room.

小学英语四大时态结构讲解

一般过去时的陈述句:主语+动词过去式+宾语 一般过去时的否定句:主语+didn't +动词原形+宾语主语+ was/were not +宾语 一般过去时的一般疑问句:Did + 主语+ 动词原形+宾语?was/were +主语+宾语? ① 示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态,常和表示过去的时 间状语连用,如:yesterday, last night, in 1999, two weeks ago等。 ②表示过去经常或反复发生的动作,常和often, always等表 示频度的副词连用。 ③规则动词过去式的构成如下: 1)在动词原形末尾+ed: look—looked, play—played 2)结尾是e的动词+d: live—lived, hope—hoped 3)结尾是“元音字母+辅音字母”的重读音节词,先双写这 个辅音字母,再+ed: stop—stopped, trip—tripped 4)结尾是“辅音字母+y”的动词,先变y为i,再+ed: study —studied, carry—carried ④不规则动词要逐一记忆,可参考不规则动词表。 一般过去时的特殊疑问句::特殊疑问词+一般过去时的一般疑问句一般过去时态: (1)表示过去已经发生的事情,通常用―last week, just now, yesterday‖等词。(2)be 动词的过去式: am/is—wa

s are—were I/He/she/it was(not)….You/we/they were…. 一般疑问句was, were 放在句首。(3)过去式基本结构肯定句(Positive)动词过去式I went shopping last night. 否定句(N egati ve) Didn’t + 动词原形I didn’t go shopping last night. 一般疑问句(Yes/No) Did …+ 动词原形…? Did you go shopping last night? 特殊疑问句(wh-) What did…+ 动词原形…? What did yo u do last night? (4)动词过去式的变化:规则动词的变化:一般动词+ed planted,watered,climbed 以不发音的e结 尾+d liked 辅音字母加y结尾-y+ ied study—studied, cry- cried 重读闭音节单词,末尾只有一个辅音字母双写最后一个字母+ed stop –stopped plan - planned 不规则动词的变化:原形过去式原形过去式原形过去式原形过去式sweep swept te ach taught have had go went keep kept think thought do did find found sleep slept buy bought eat ate say said feel felt dri nk drank is/am was take took read read give gave are were mean meant put put sing sang drive drove meet met cut cut begin began speak spoke make made let let ring rang write w rote see saw fly flew run ran ride rode come came draw dre w sit sat hear heard tell told grow grew learn learned/ learnt get got know knew

小学英语四种时态

英语四种时态 ◆一般现在时 1.定义:1.表示目前存在的状态 2.表示经常性、习惯性的动作 3.表示客观的事实 2.标志词:频度副词:例:always, usually, often, sometimes, every day(week….) 例如:1. I often watch TV at home. 3.结构:当主语是第三人称单数时动词+ s, 或es)2. She always goes to school on foot 疑问形式:.主语前加do 或does (动词还原) 否定式:动词前加don’t 或doesn’t (动词还原) 例如:Do you clean your room on the weekend? Does she wash her clothes on the weekend?ea ◆现在进行时 1. 定义:表示目前正在发生的动作或存在的状态 2.标志词:1.提示语:look! Listen! now!等词 3.结构:Be动词(am, is, are ) + 动词ing 例如:1. Look, they are playing football.2. Listen ,she is singing. 3.I am reading now . ◆一般将来时 1.定义:1.表示计划或打算做某事 2.将要发生的动作或存在的状态 2.标志词:1.tomorrow, the next day, this afternoon, this evening 2.next week (month, year…) 3.结构有两种:1.be going to + 动词原形 2.will + 动词原形 如:1.He is going to play football next week. 2 .He will play basketball next week. 疑问形式:be 或will 放主语前如: 1. Is he going to play football next week? 2.Will he play baskball next week? 否定式:be 或will 后加not will not = won’t 如:1. He isn’t going to play football next week? 2. He won’t play baskball next week? ◆一般过去式 1.定义:表示过去时间内发生的动作或存在的状态 2.标志词:1.yesterday, last week/ year/ month 等 3.结构:1.动词用过去时was, were ,did, played 等。例如:is/am---was are ----were 疑问形式:1.was / were 放主语前 2.主语前加did (动词还原) 否定式:1.was/ were + not 2.动词前加didn’t (动词还原) 该句型分布在第8册Unit3&4中。如: 1.What did you do last weekend? I played football. 2. Did you help them clean their r oom? Yes, I did. 3.What did you do yesterday? I went fishing. 4. Did you read book? Yes, I did. 5. Did you clean your room? No, I didn’t. 6.Where did you go on your holiday? I went to Xinjiang. 7. What did you do there? I sang and danced with my new friends. 8. How did you go there?I went by train.

小学英语四大时态总结及练习题

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have-has 现在进行时 定义时间状语 或标志性词 肯定句 现在进行时正在发生 的动作 now, at the moment, at this time 主语+be(am is are) +现在分词 一般疑问句否定句 Be(am is are)+主语+现在分词 把be动词提前主语+be(am is are)+not +现在分词 在be后加not 动词变现在分词方法 1. 一般直接加ing。 read-reading fly-flying 2. 以不发音e结尾的单词,去e加ing。make-making come-coming 3. 以辅+元+辅结尾的单词, 双写尾字母,再加ing。 swim-swimming run-running 4. ie结尾变成y,再把ing加。 die-dying lie-lying

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