论高中英语句型教学中的缺失并列句

论高中英语句型教学中的缺失——并列句

高三英语组

王尚香

严亚儒

任成花

论高中英语句型教学中的缺失——并列句

高三英语是一个复习过程，对于词汇，语法等专项练习尤为突出。近期，在连词的专项复习环节中，当我们批阅他们所做的套题时，学生做出的错题很多，失分率很高，阅过之后满卷是错号。经过仔细比对，学生的主要问题出现在并列连词上，这引起我们的反思。最后得出结论：在英语基础教育这块，我们对并列句的学习是缺失的（我们在初中归纳总结了简单句，在高中比较细致的学习和复习复合句，而对于在简单句和复合句之间起过渡和衔接作用的并列句，并没有清晰的讲解和归纳），下面我们一起来看看所遇到这些题目。

注：这套连词专项训练题总共有20个小题，期中8个考查的是并列句或是并列连词，占40%，考查比例较大，学生失分很高，且对该知识点迷茫，现展示如下：

1.（2013全国课标II, 3）I was glad to meet Jenny again, ________I didn't want to spend all day with her.

A. but

B. and

C. so

D. or

【解析】选A。考查并列连词。句意为：我很高兴再一次见到jenny，但是我不想一整天时间都陪她。A项表转折，符合句意，故选A。B项表并列、顺承或递进，意为"而且，和"，C 项表结果，意为"所以"，D项表示"或者，否则，不然"，均不符合句意。

2. (2013北京卷) Don’t turn off the computer before closing all programs，________you could have problems.

A．or B．and C．but D．so

【解析】选A。题干的意思是：在关掉所有的程序之前不要关电脑，要不然你会遇到问题的。or否则，要不然，表示一种否定的条件；and连接表示顺承的并列句；but连接表示转折的并列句；so连接表示因果的并列句。由语境可知正确答案为A项。掌握并列连词的用法以及前后分句的逻辑关系是解题关键。

3.（2013四川卷）Read this story, ___ you will realize that not everything can be bought with money.

A．or B．and C．but D．so

【解析】选B。考查连词：句意：读了这个故事，你会明白不是所有的东西都能用金钱买得到的。根据两个句子意思，可以得出两句之间是并列关系，故用并列连词and。此外该句为句型：祈使句+and+简单句。故选答案B。

4. （2013全国课标I, 32）There’s no way of knowing why one man makes an important discovery _______ another man, also intelligent, fails.

A. since

B. if

C. as

D. while

【解析】选D。试题分析：考查连词辨析。A. since因为；B. if 如果；C. as因为；D. while 然而。句意：无法知道为什么一个人有了一个重要发现，而另一个人，同样聪明，却失败了，”“while”是“而，却，但是”的意思，表示转折故选D项。

5. (2013重庆卷) It’s not easy to change habits，________with awareness and self-control，it is possible.

A．for B．or C．but D．so

【解析】选C。题干的意思是：“改变习惯不容易，________有了意识和自制力，它是可能的。”分析句子意思我们知道，空格前后的句子存在转折关系。四个选项中，A项表“因为”；B项表“或者”；C项表“但是”；D项表“所以”。因此答案为C。其实后面的句子补充完整应为：it is possible to change habits with awareness and self-control。

6. (2007 北京卷) You have failed two tests. You'd better start working harder, ________you won't pass the course.

A．and B．so C．but D．or

【解析】选D。考查“祈使句＋and/or＋陈述句”。因为祈使句与后面的陈述句所表达的内容是对立的关系，故用or(否则)。

7. (2014 北京卷) Some animals carry seeds from one place to another, ______ plants can spread to new places.

A．so B．or C．for D．but

【解析】选A。本题考查并列句，考查方式为连词选择。句意：一些动物带着种子到处走，所以植物就会扩展到新的地方。本题前半部分讲“有些动物把种子从一个地方带到另外一个地方”，所以导致“植物传播”，表示因果关系的并列句。所以选A。

8. (2012 全国课标I，34) You have to move out of the way ________ the truck cannot get past you.

A. so

B. or

C. and

D. but

【解析】选B。句意：你必须让开路，否则卡车无法通过。本题考查并列连词。so因此；or 否则，要不然；and 于是，然后；but 但是。根据句意可知答案为B.

通过上述题目，我们不难看出都是考查并列连词，而学生对这部分知识困惑不已，因此我们课下认真反思，英语中并列连词是在一个句子中连接词、短语及分句的重要的语法项目，对于高中英语学生来说如何恰当的运用是英语学习的难点之一。而纵观初中和高中的英语语法学习，关于并列句和并列连词的讲解，一直是个空白区，这在一定程度上增加了学生应对此类题目的困难。纵观近几年高考英语真题，该考点显性的在高考单项填空中和隐性的在完形填空中出现的概率很高，多个省份包括全国卷几乎每年都会出现，展望未来，今后对连词的考查仍将结合语境频繁进行，着重考查学生分析语境的能力及对并列句和并列连词的掌握程度。所以．准确理解语境且对并列句和并列连词有一个清楚的认知，是做好有关连词试题的关键。鉴于此，我们整理归纳了并列句和并列连词，并对学生进行了讲解和练习。

并列连词可表示多种意义，但主要有四种，即表示并列、转折、选择、因果等, 在句子中位置比较固定，位于所连接的语言单位之间，即“简单句+并列连词+简单句”，两个并列连词不能并用, 而可以与从属连词并用。

1. 表并列关系的and, both…and, not only…but also, as well as, neither…nor等。

1）and: ①可以连接两个的词，多用于肯定句中。

He started to shout and sing.

②连接两个句子，表示因果、对比、条件、假设、目的等。

Work hard and you will succeed. 如果你努力工作，就会成功。

2）both…and “不但…而且…；既…又…”，可以并列主语、宾语、表语、状语、谓语等成分。并列主语时谓语动词用复数形式。

Both New York and London have traffic problems.

The secretary both speaks and writes Spanish.

3）not only…but also “不但...而且”，是并列连词，可以连接两个词，也可连接两个句子。其中，but also中的also可以省略。

a.连接两个成分

not only…but also可以连接句中所有的成分，连接并列主语时，其谓语动词根据就近原则，与所靠近的成分保持数的一致。

Not only the students but (also) their teacher is enjoying the movie.

He can speak not only French but (also) English.

He not only had seen the film but also remembered what he had seen.

b.并列两个句子

not only…but also可以连接两个句子，not only位于句首时，not only后的句子要部分倒装。Not only is he a scientist, but he is also a fighter.

Not only was everything he had taken away, but his citizenship.

4) as well as 其连词作用，表示“同、和、也”等。在连接两个主语时，谓语动词与前面的主语一致，即“就近一致”。

The editors as well as the proofreaders are working overtime.

I have read his novels as well as his plays.

Tom as well as his parents likes reading.

5）neither…nor “既不…也不…”

a. 连接主语时，谓语动词也依据就近原则。

Neither you nor I am wrong.

b. 连接两个句子，当neither, nor放句首时，该句部分倒装。

Neither could theory do without practice, nor could practice do without theory.

2. 表选择关系的or, or else, either…or, otherwise等。

1) or “或”可以连接两个的词，多用于否定或者疑问句中。主语的人称、数不一致时, 动词随着接近的主语而变化。

John or you are in Class Two.

He never smokes or drinks.

Will you have tea or coffee?

2）or else “否则”Hurry up, or else we'll be late for the meeting.

3）otherwise “否则”Let's begin, otherwise, we will fall behind.

4）either…or “或者…或者”连接主语时，谓语动词依据就近原则。

Either my father or my brothers are coming.

3. 表转折关系的but, while（而）, yet, however（然而）, not…but等。

Learning the guitar isn't difficult , but you have to practice.

She thought I was talking about her daughter, while in fact I was talking about my daughter.

He was in deep trouble, yet he didn't lose heart.

Rick was very successful. However, the last few years of his life were not happy ones.

注意：not…but“不是…而是”在连接主语时，谓语动词要按就近原则，与靠近的主语在人称和数上保持一致。

Not the manager but the workers are hoping to do that.

Not you but I am a teacher.

4. 表因果关系的for, so, therefore等。

1) for表示原因，对前面的情况加以解释，有逗号把它和前面的分句分开。

The shop was quite new, for it had opened only the week before.

2）so 表示结果，意为“因此，所以，于是”。

These buildings were over 50 years old, so they were not strong enough.

3）therefore意为“因此, 所以”，多放在分句或句子的前面。

He broke the law ,therefore he was put into prison.

在讲解的基础上我们及时的做配套练习，检测学生并列连词掌握的情况。

1. Go along the road, _______ you’ll find the market at the end of it.

A. when

B. and

C. or

D. though

2. Physics is not so easy, _______I like it very much.

A. but

B. or

C. since

D. because

3. Henry is very smart, ______ many of his classmates like him.

A. but

B. so

C. or

D. for

4. Will Gary wait for her at home ______ at the library?

A. or

B. as

C. and

D. both

5. I can’t sleep well at night, ______I often feel very tired in the day.

A. so

B. for

C. and

D. or

6. When you’re learning a foreign language, use it, ______ you will lose it.

A. but

B. or

C. then

D. and

7. ---Can you play football?

---Yes, I can, ______ I can’t play it very well.

A. or

B. and

C. but

D. so

8. Study hard, ______ you will fall behind.

A. and

B. but

C. so

D. or

9. My experiment seems to have been successful, _____ I am not satisfied.

A. yet

B. still

C. and

D. or

10. Freddy has never heard______ seen such a thing before.

A. nor

B. and

C. or

D. since

参考答案：1-5 BABAD 6-10 BCDAC

学生在以前对并列句的学习是模糊跳过的，初中高中学习都没有对其作出讲解，我们知道初中英语主要关注学生对于简单句的掌握，而到高中以后，各种复合句迎面而来，定语从句，名词性从句等等，所以学生一下子从简单句跳跃到复合句，而忽略中间的过渡句——并列句，因此造成他们对于并列句的掌握基本上是模糊的。通过以上的讲解和练习，我们有效地解决了学生在并列句方面所存在的问题（在实验班高三.10,78人和高三.15，92人中，学生对以上练习题的正答率都达到90%以上，半数以上的学生都答了满分），为学生顺利的通过高考扫清了又一障碍。

参考书目

籍万杰. 那些常考的并列连词[J];高中生;2013年24期

黄朝晖. 连词、并列句和从句[J];时代英语(高三);2008年10期

高中英语作文经典句型及必背模版

高中英语作文经典句型 一、~ the + ~ est +名词+(that)+主词+ have ever + seen(known/heard/had/read，etc) Mr. Chang is the kindest teacher that I have ever had. 张老师是我曾经遇到最仁慈的教师。 二、Nothing is + ~~~ er than to + V Nothing is + more +形容词+ than to + V Nothing is more important than to receive education.没有比接受教育更重要的事。 三、~~~ cannot emphasize the importance of ~~~ too much. (再怎么强调……的重要性也不为过。) We cannot emphasize the importance of protecting our eyes too much. 我们再怎么强调保护眼睛的重要性也不为过。 四、There is no denying that + S + V……(不可否认的……) There is no denying that the qualities of our living have gone from bad to worse. 不可否认的，我们的生活品质已经每况愈下。 五、It is universally acknowledged that +句子~~(全世界都知道……) It is universally acknowledged that trees are indispensable to us. 全世界都知道树木对我们是不可或缺的。 六、There is no doubt that +句子~~(毫无疑问的……) There is no doubt that our educational system leaves something to be desired. 毫无疑问的我们的教育制度令人不满意。 七、An advantage of ~~~ is that +句子(……的优点是……) An advantage of using the solar energy is that it won't create(produce)any pollution. 使用太阳能的优点是它不会制造任何污染。 八、The reason why +句子~~~ is that +句子(……的原因是……) The reason why we have to grow trees is that they can provide us with fresh air. 我们必须种树的原因是它们能供应我们新鲜的空气。 九、So +形容词+ be +主词+ that +句子(如此……以致于……) So precious is time that we can't afford to waste it.时间是如此珍贵，我们经不起浪费它。 十、Adj + as + Subject(主词)+ be，S + V~~~(虽然……) Rich as our country is，the qualities of our living are by no means satisfactory. {by no means = in no way = on no account一点也不} 虽然我们的国家富有，我们的生活品质绝对令人不满意。 十一、The + more + Adj + S + V，~~~ the + more + Adj + S + V ~~~(愈……愈……) The more books we read，the more learned we become.我们书读愈多，我们愈有学问。 十二、Have a great influence on ~~~(对……有很大的影响) Smoking has a great influence on our health. 抽烟对我们的健康有很大的影响。 十三、~~~ enable + Object(受词)+ to + V(……使……能够……) Listening to music enable us to feel relaxed. 听音乐使我们能够感觉轻松。 十四、On no account can we + V ~~~(我们绝对不能……) On no account can we ignore the value of knowledge. 我们绝对不能忽略知识的价值。 十五、It is time + S +过去式(该是……的时候了) It is time the authorities concerned took proper steps to solve the traffic problems. 该是有关当局采取适当的措施来解决交通问题的时候了。

【语法讲解】高中英语强调句型专题讲解

英语强调句 一、强调句的基本结构及用法 强调句常用来突出说话人要强调的语言信息，给对方以强烈的印象和感受。译成汉语时，常加上“正是…”等字眼。 其基本结构是：It+ be的适当形式+被强调成分+that (who)+其他成分He bought the book in this shop yesterday. →It was he that bought the book in this shop yesterday. (强调主语he) →It was the book that he boug ht in this shop yesterday. (强调宾语the book) →It was in this shop that he bought the book yesterday. (强调地点状语in this shop) 【注意】 1.在该强调结构中，It 无任何意义但不可以换成this或者that等。 It is (was)…that (who)…为结构词，假如去掉，剩下部分在语法结构和句子含义上均完整，这一点正是它和定语从句等的本质区别。 2. 关于that与who： 当被强调部分指人时，可以用who（被强调部分的人作主语或宾语时）或者whom（被强调部分的人作宾语时)代替that； 当被强调部分指物时通常用that；当被强调部分既包括人又包括物，用that不用who It was the things and people that they remembered that they were talking about． 当被强调部分是代词时，用who不用that。 当强调时间或地点或原因状语时，不能用when / where /why代that(尤其是当这些状语为介词短语时)。

高中英语常用句型分解

高中英语常用句型总结 1. According to…依照/根据……. According to the newspaper it's a great movie. 根据报纸说这是一部很棒的电影. 2. As a matter of fact…实际上………….(= in fact ) As a matter of fact I don't agree with you. 实际上我不大同意你的看法. 3. As far as I'm concerned/…就我而言……. As far as I'm concerned I think we should pay more attention to the safety of schoolchildren. 就我而言我认为我们应该更关注在校儿童的安全问题. 4.As far as I know...据我所知……. As far as l know he is not coming but l may be wrong. 据我所知他不打算来但我或许会弄错. 7. As long as...只要…. As long as we work together we can make the impossible possible. 只要我们一起努力我们就能把不可能变为可能. 9. Do/ Would you mind doing... 你介意做……吗 Do you mind giving me a glass of water and some aspirin 给我一杯水和一些阿斯匹林好吗 11. ...doesn't make sense. 没有道理/没有意义/不清楚 What you say doesn't make sense. I don't agree with you.

高中英语语法——并列句和状语从句

第12讲并列句和状语从句两个或两个以上的简单句用并列连词连在一起构成的句子叫做并列句，其基本结构是“简单句+并列连词+简单句”。并列连词有:and, but, or, so等。状语从句是在句子中起副词作用的句子。根据状语从句在句中不同的作用可分为：时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、方式、让步和比较状语从句。并列连词和从属连词是高考的重要考点之一，在语法填空中通常以无提示词的方式进行考查，在短文改错中主要考查并列连词和从属连词的误用。并列句和状语从句的考点如下： 核心考点01考查并列连词 并列连词是用来连接两个或多个并列的词、短语或句子的词,主要表示并列、选择、转折、因果等关系。并列连词在句子中位置比较固定,必须位于所连接的并列单位之间;两个并列连词不能并用。 1.表示并列关系的连词 表示并列关系的连词有and,both...and...,not only...but also...,neither...nor...等。 2.表示选择关系的连词 表示选择关系的连词有or,either...or...等。 3.表示转折关系的连词 表示转折关系的连词有but,yet,while等。 4.表示因果关系的连词 表示因果关系的连词有for，so。 We listened eagerly, for he brought news of our families. 5.when作并列连词的用法

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高中英语书面表达经典句型

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