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英文合同书常用词汇及句型

英文合同常用词汇与句型

初步学习了英文合同的整体结构后,读者可能仍然觉得一头雾水,感觉不到对本合同结构从处下手进行具体的解读。没有关系,读者只需要与大家一起继续阅读就会发现那些固定在英文合同结构中的术语原来都是如此的简单和易于理解。为什么呢?因为整个英文合同结构不过是一个个英文条款组成的而已,同时,其中还有大量的定型化的有很强规律可循的常用条款(即前文提到的通用条款“General Provision”以及其他常见“Useful Provision”)。而且,构成这些条款的词汇、短语和句型也存在着很强的重复性。所以说掌握这些条款以及组成这些条款的常见句式和词汇,就成为攻克合同英语阅读的关键。如果读者把合同的结构比作人体的骨骼,那么这些通用及常用条款就是这些骨骼组合在一起的穴位与脉络。事实上,研究由这些条款组成的合同结构不但对高效阅读英文合同有帮助,而且对于英文合同起草能力的培养也是大有裨益的,因为这可以帮助读者在起草合同时达到结构的完整和健全,从而有效地避免合同漏洞。读者在掌握普通英语(比如通过大学英语四级考试)后进入到专业英语学习阶段时,首先遇到的障碍就是这些由平时不太熟悉的词汇与句型表达的专业含义。如果可以把英文合同结构比作“森林”,那么英文合同中常用的词汇与句型便是其中一类重要的“树木”。所以,重点研究这类专业表达的规律,是掌握英文合同阅读的一个重要技巧。本章中,读者将用两节容训练读者对合同词汇和句型的掌握。第一节着重讲解,第二节着重练习。

第一节英文合同词汇与句型解析

法律英语难学,基本上是当代中国法律人的一个共识。难在处呢?可能法律英语词汇的掌握就是第一只拦路虎。当我们打开英文合同时,经常会发现非常难以理解,即使是常用的合同条款中也充斥着大量的难以理解的词汇。例如下面这句话(在下文中将进一步解析)

“Limits on Indemnification. No indemnification is required under Section [insert the number of the Section in which Party B agrees to indemnify Party A] until the aggregate amount of Losses [plus Litigation Expenses] exceeds [$500,000], and then only for the amount by which the aggregate amount of Indemnifiable Losses exceeds [$500,000].”学过法律英语的人都知道,这个句子实际上在法律英语句子中是比较短小和简单的一句,语法问题难不倒我们,难的是里面的几个关键的词汇,比如indemnification、indemnify 、Indemnifiable 、aggregate、Litigation 以及exceed。如果我们知晓上面的列举的几个所谓法律英语词汇的含义分别是:补偿(名词)、补偿(动词)、补偿(形容词)、总计、诉讼、超出,那么本句就很容易理解。它的含义实际上就是指:

“补偿限额。只有损失总额(加上诉讼费用)超过($500,000)时,才能根据第(插入乙同意补偿甲的条款编号)条要求补偿,此时也只对可补偿费用中超过($500,000)的部分进行补偿。”

除了生僻的词汇以外,我们还要注意大量的我们平时熟悉但不能按照普通英语含义理解的词汇。这样的词,我们称之为“熟词生义”。这些词汇的存在也是我们必须解决的一个问题。比如,“abandon”这个词汇。大家都知道它的含义

是“放弃”,但在法律英语里它的常见含义却变成了“弃权”和“委付”,即:在一般的民事法律关系中,其可以被理解为“弃权”,在商事保险法律关系中,其可以理解为“委付(保险标的物发生推定全损时,由被保险人把保险标的物的所有权转让给保险人,并向保险人请求赔偿全部保险金)”。再比如“service”,大家对这个词非常熟悉,都知道它是“服务”的意思,但在法律英语中它的含义却被特定地引申成了“送达”,经常被用在与法律诉讼程序相关的表达上,比如“accept service of the writ”即可以理解为“对令状送达的接受”。

除了以上我们遇到的两类词汇外,还有一类法律英语专用词汇。它们基本上之出现在法律英语中,在其他地根本见不到它们的身影。比如在法律文件中我们前文已经提到的大量像therein(在其中)、thereinafter(在下文中)、thereof (其)、thereto(附随)、herewith(与此一道)、whereas(鉴于)、thence (从那里)、aforesaid (上述的)等词汇中,由here/there/where等表示位的副词与in/after/in/of/with等介词连在一起构成的古旧英语。此外也会见到一些英语的外来词,比如拉丁词汇。我们知道在英国的法制史上,法律曾有一段是用拉丁文写就的。所以,不可避免的在当代英美法律文件中仍可以见到一些拉丁文身影。

具体到如学习和记忆英文合同中的这些词汇和短语,笔者认为通过对英文合同中的短语和句子的理解和记忆是读者掌握战胜这只拦路虎的好法。以下容是笔者在实际工作中积累的一些最常见的合同英语表达,认真研究学习它们相信对读者会有帮助。1.开场白(合同的当事人背景介绍)

合同

2.过渡条款

3.结尾条款

4. favor

5.subject to sth

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Both parties jointly acknowledge and abide by their responsibilities and obligations and reach an agreed result. 甲方:___________________ 乙方:___________________ 时间:___________________ 中英文合同

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英文合同翻译用词——hereby

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1.盈余分配,以________为依据,按比例分配。 2.债务承担:先由偿还,合伙财产不足清偿时,以各合伙人的 ____________为据,按比例承担。 第六条、退伙,出资的转让 1.入伙:①需承认本合同;②需经全体合伙人同意;③合同规定的权利义务。 2.退伙:①需有正当理由方可退伙;②不得在合伙不利时退伙;③退伙需提前________月告知其他合伙人并经全体合伙人同意;④退伙后以退伙时的财产状况进行结算,不论何种方式出资,均以金钱结算;⑤未经合同人同意而自行退伙给合伙造成损失的,应进行赔偿。 3.出资的转让:允许合伙人转让自己的出资。转让时合伙人有优先受让权,如转让合伙人以外的,第三人按入伙对待,否则以退伙对待转让人。 第七条合伙负责人及其他合伙人的权利 1.____________为合伙负责人。其权限是:①对外开展业务,订立合同;②对合伙事业进行日常管理;③出售合伙的产品(货物),购进常用货物;④支付合伙债务;⑤____________。

英文版合同范本

合同编号:YT-FS-8920-88 英文版合同范本 Clarify Each Clause Under The Cooperation Framework, And Formulate It According To The Agreement Reached By The Parties Through Consensus, Which Is Legally Binding On The Parties. 互惠互利共同繁荣 Mutual Benefit And Common Prosperity

英文版合同范本 备注:该合同书文本主要阐明合作框架下每个条款,并根据当事人一致协商达成协议,同时也明确各方的权利和义务,对当事人具有法律约束力而制定。文档可根据实际情况进行修改和使用。 contract no: date: the buyer: the seller: the contract, made out, in chinese and english, both version being equally authentic, by and between the seller and the buyer whereby the seller agrees to sell and the buyer agrees to buy the undermentioned goods subject to terms and conditions set forth hereinafter as follows: 1 name of commodity and specification 2 country of origin & manufacturer 3 unit price (packing charges included)

英文合同书的结构

第一讲:英文合同书的构成 我们通常见到的英文合同书格式分别来源于英美、日本、香港、新加坡,除个别地方外,整个合同的段落排列、句式和用词大同小异,主要包括下面四个部分:标题、前言、正文和结尾。 英文合同格式见图k1501-1 第二讲:英文合同书的封皮 出于保护合同书的目的,应在合同书上加封面。封面上用简洁的语言记录:合同标题、合同当事人和合同签订日期。合同封面的样本如下所示:

第三讲:英文合同的标题 英文合同要写标题。拟定标题是为了使合同内容一目了然,合同标题本身没有特别的法律效力,且对合同内容也没有影响。如果合同书有封面的话,封面与合同的标题要保持一致。 标题的书写多根据合同或协议的类型而定。 劳动人事方面包括:劳动合同(labor contract)、保密协议(confidentiality agreement)、竞业禁止协议(non-compete agreement)、人事代理协议(human agency agreement); 不动产方面包括:商品房买卖合同(contact of sale of commodity houses)、租赁协议(tenancy agreement)、土地使用权出让、出租、转让合同(contract for assignment,lease and transfer of the right to the use of land)、抵押合同(mortgage contract)、贷款合同(loan contract)、物业管理合同(property management contract)、建设工程承包、安装合同(contract for construction engineering and installation of project); 服务类包括:技术服务(technical service agreement)、咨询(technical consultant agreement)、开发(technical development agreement)、转让(technical transfer agreement)、许可协议(licensing agreement)、代理协议(agency agreement)、保险合同(insurance contract)、融资协议(financing agreement)、风险投资管理协议(ventrure capital management agreement)、法律顾问协议(employment contract for legal consultant); 公司方面包括:合资企业(joint venture contract)、章程(articles of association, corporate bylaw)、合伙协议(partnership agreement)、股权转让协议(agreement on assignment of equity interests)、和解协议(composition agreement); 物流方面包括: 买卖合同(sales contact)、采购合同(purchase contact)、运输合同(carriage contact)、进出口合同(import and export contact)、仓储保管合同(warehousing and safe-keeping contact)、补偿贸易合同(contact for compensation) 人身方面包括:遗赠抚养协议(legacy-support agreement)、离婚协议(divorce agreement)第四讲:英文合同前言的导入部分 英文合同前言的导入部分一般由三部分组成:合同签订日期、合同签订地点、合同当事人。 一、英文合同导入部分的样本 THIS AGREEMENT, entered into in Beijing on day of 1 July, 2007 between ABC Corporation (hereinafter called "Party A"), a New York corporation having its registered office at 20 Church St., New York 100020, USA, and DEF Coporation (hereinafter called Party B"), a Chinese company having its registered office at 236 Baishi Str., 10088,Beijing China 二、合同签订日期 如果双方当事人于不同时间在合同上签字,通常把最后的日期当作合同的签订日期。如果合同文本中没有规定合同生效日,例如,规定有关政府部门批准认定日为合同生效日等,合同的签订日就视为合同的生效日。 三、合同签订地

销售合同英文翻译

销售合同英文翻译(3) 来源:翻译界浏览次数:1255 添加时间:2008-5-3 20.2 Binding Effect 20.2 合同约束力的范围 This Contract is made for the benefit of the Parties hereto and their respective lawful successors and assignees and is legally binding on them. 本合同对本合同双方以及该方合法的继受者和受让人有法律约束力。 20.3 Amendment 20.3 修改 This Contract shall not be changed verbally, but only by a written instrument signed by the Parties. 本合同不得以口头方式修改,而须经双方签署书面文件后方可修改。 20.4 Mutual Agreement of the Parties 20.4 双方协商一致的结果 THE PARTIES DECLARE THAT THE PROVISIONS OF THIS CONTRACT REFLECT THE RESULTS OF THEIR COMMERCIAL NEGOTIATIONS CONDUCTED IN GOOD FAITH AND THAT NONE OF THE PROVISIONS HEREOF CONSTITUTES THE STANDARD TERMS OF EITHER PARTY. BUYER ACKNOWLEDGES THAT IT HAS REVIEWED AND UNDERSTANDS THE PROVISIONS OF THIS CONTRACT AND HAS RECEIVED SATISFACTORY EXPLANATIONS AS TO ANY ISSUE RAISED BY IT IN RESPECT THEREOF. 本合同双方确认本合同的条款体现双方本着诚信原则谈判的结果,本合同的条款不构成任一方的标准条款。买卖双方确认其已经审阅并理解本合同的条款且已经就条款相关的任何疑问得到满意的解释。 20.5 No Publicity 20.5 合同内容保密 The existence of this Contract, as well as its contents, shall be deemed to fall within the scope of Confidential Information and subject to Article 16, and shall not be disclosed in whole or in part to any person or entity, except (i) to Permitted Disclosure Parties, (ii) to authorized securities regulators or exchanges in accordance with Applicable Laws or the relevant rules of the securities exchange to which the Party in question is subject, (iii) to officials in relevant government departments pursuant to the requirements of Applicable Laws (iv) in order to fulfil any conditions precedent to the effectiveness of this Contract, (v) for the purpose of the performance by a Party of its obligations or exercise of its rights hereunder or relating hereto[, or (vi) to financial institutions for the purpose of arranging debt financing for either Party]. 本合同的存在及其内容应被认为属于保密信息,须遵照16 条进行保密,不得向任何人或实体予以全部或部分披露,但向以下各方的披露的除外:(i) 向允许披露方披露;(ii)依据有关法律或该方为规制对象的证券交易所的规则,得到授权的证券市场监管机构或交易所;(iii)依据有关法律向有关政府机构的官员披露;(iv)为了满足本合同的生效条件;(v)一方为履行其于本合同项下或与本合同相关的义务或行使其于本合同项下或与本合同相关的权利[;或者(vi)金融机构(为各方安排债务融资的目的)]。 20.6 No Solicitation 20.6 禁止招揽另一方雇员 Neither Party shall, during the Term or within one (1) year after the Expiration Date, directly solicit for employment the other Party's personnel who are engaged in the performance of this Contract without the prior written consent of the other Party. 在本合同有效期内以及合同期满日后一(1)年内,任何一方均不得直接向另一方参与本合同执行的雇员发出招聘要约,经另一方书面同意的除外。 20.7 Notices 20.7 通知 (a) Any notice or written communication provided for in this Contract by either Party to the

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公司投资合作协议书新整 理版参考文本 In Order To Protect Their Legitimate Rights And Interests, The Cooperative Parties Reach A Consensus Through Consultation And Sign Into Documents, So As To Solve And Prevent Disputes And Achieve The Effect Of Common Interests 某某管理中心 XX年XX月

公司投资合作协议书新整理版参考文本使用指引:此协议资料应用在协作多方为保障各自的合法权益,经过共同商量最终得出一致意见,特意签订成为文书材料,从而达到解决和预防纠纷实现共同利益的效果,文档经过下载可进行自定义修改,请根据实际需求进行调整与使用。 甲方: 住址: 有效身份证号码: 乙方: 住址: 有效身份证号码: 以上各方共同投资人经友好协商,根据中华人民共和 国法律、法规的规定,双方本着互惠互利的原则,就甲乙 双方合作投资____项目事宜并由甲方以其名义受让____股 权,并作为发起人参与________(暂定名,以下简称 “________”)的发起设立事宜,达成如下协议,以共同遵 守。

第一条共同投资人的投资额和投资方式 1、甲方已充分了解乙方的创业计划,并认同其市场前景,拟投入风险资金与乙方共同创业。 甲、乙双方同意,以双方注册成立的____________公司(以下简称________)为项目投资主体。 2、甲方以风险投资方身份向乙方提供经营公司的出资总额(以下简称“出资总额”)为人民币________整,其中,各方出资分别:甲方出资________整,占出资总额的____%。乙方以负责项目市场经营管理作为出资资本,占出资总额的____%。 3、各方一致同意,参与公司的发起设立,共同投资人将持有公司股份股本总额比例为:甲方____%,乙方 ____%。 4、甲方作为共同投资人应于________年____月____日前将上述出资额解入指定的银行。

中英文合同范本

中英文合同范本 建筑合同architecture confirmation 甲方:party a:乙方:party b: 合同编号: contract no 日期:date: 签约地点:signed at: 特约定: 甲方基于下文所列各种因素,特与乙方达成了协议并一致同意:由甲方在 订约日期之翌日起_____天之内为乙方建造并完成_____(涉约建筑)。涉约建 筑之规模及所需的钢筋、水泥、砖块、石子和其它建筑材料之数量,均在作为 合同附件的设计图和施工细则中予以说明。 witnesses that the party a for considerations hereinafter named, contracts and agrees with the party b that party a will, within_____ days, next following the date hereof, build and finish a libarary building for party b. ( the building hereinafter is referred to as the said building.) the said building is of the following dimensions, with reinforced concrete, brick, stones and other materials, as are described in plans and specifications gereto annexed. 基于上述情况,乙方及其法定代表郑重承诺向甲方支付人民币_____元整。支付方法商定如下: in consideration of the foregoing, party b shall, for itself and its legal representatives, promise to pay party a the sum of one

英文合同范本

买方 The Buyer: 地址 Address Tel: Fax: 卖方 The Seller: 地址: Address Tel: Fax: 本合同由买卖双方订立,根据本合同规定的条款,买方同意购买,卖方同意出售下述商品:This Contract is made by and between the Buyers and Sellers, whereby the Buyers agree to buy and the Sellers agree to sell the under-mentioned commodity according to the terms and conditions stipulated below: (1) 货名及规格 Commodity & Specification (2) 数量 Qty. (3) 单价 Unit Price (4) 总价Total Amount (5) 原产公司:COUNTRY OF ORIGIN : (6) 装运期限:TIME OF SHIPMENT: (7) 装运口岸:PORT OF SHIPMENT: (8) 到货目的地:DESTINATION: (9) 保险: INSURANCE: 由卖方按合同金额110%投保一切险和战争险 All Risks and War Risk for 110% contract value to be covered by the Seller. (10) 运输方式:TERM OF SHIPMENT: 空运 By air (11) 包装:PACKING:

须用坚固的新木箱包装,适合长途空运/陆运,防湿、防潮、防震、防锈、耐粗暴搬运。由于包装不良所发生的损失,由于采用不充分或不妥善的防护措施而造成的任何锈损、破损,卖方应负担由此而产生的一切费用和损失。包装箱内应包含一整套服务操作手册。卖方使用的木质包装应经薰蒸处理,并在木质包装表面标上清晰的IPPC标识。 To be packed in new strong wooden case(s) suitable for long distance air/land transportation and well protected from dampness, moisture, shock, rust and rough handling. The Sellers shall be liable for any damage to the goods on account of improper packing and for any rust damage and break damage attributable to inadequate or improper protective measures taken by the Sellers, and in such case or cases any and all losses and / or expenses incurred in consequence thereof shall be borne by the Sellers. One full set of service and operation manuals concerned shall be enclosed in the case(s). The wood packaging the Seller used shall be fumigated and marked with “IPPC” on the surface of wood packaging. (12) 唛头:SHIPPING MARK: 卖方应在每件包装上,用不褪色油墨清楚地标刷件号、尺码、毛重、净重、“此端向上”、“小心轻放”、“切勿受潮”等字样,并刷有下列唛头: On the surface of each package, the package number, measurements, gross weight, net weight, the lifting positions, such cautions as “THIS SIDE UP”, “HANDLE WITH CARE”,“KEEP AWAY FROM MOISTURE” and the following shipping mark: (13) 付款条件:TERMS OF PAYMENT: 100%的合同金额通过电汇支付。100% contract value by T/T. 买方在合同生效后两周内支付合同金额的100%货款 The Buyer shall pay 100% advance payment to the Seller within two week after contract effected. (14) 单据:Documents, 1. 正本空运单(收货人联),标明“运费已付”及唛头,买方为收货人及通知方。 Original Airway Bill (copy for Consignee) marked “freight prepaid” and shipping mark, consign to and notify the Buyer. 2. 涵盖100%合同金额的商业发票三正三副,注明合同号、唛头。

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