化学专业英语试卷A答案

2012—2013学年度第一学期

应用化学专业《专业英语》课程试卷（A）注意事项：1. 考生务必将自己姓名、学号、专业名称写在指定位置；

2. 密封线和装订线内不准答题。

一、词汇填空 （写出下列每个词汇对应的英

汉单词）（共20小题，每空1分，共20分）

1、化学性质 （chemical property ）

2、物理性质 （physical property ）

3、溶解度 （solubility ）

4、密度 （density ）

5、沸点 （boiling point ）

6、熔点 （melting point ）

7、反应 （reaction ）

8、无机的 （inorganic ）

9、有机的 （organic ）

10、化合物 （compound ）

11、烷烃 （alkane ）

12、乙醇 （ethanol ）

13、烯烃 （alkene ）

14、炔烃 （alkyne ）

15、ester （ 酯 ）

16、ether （ 醚 ）

17、acetone （ 丙酮 ）

18、formaldehyde （ 甲醛 ）

19、ammonia （ 氨 ）

20、benzene （ 苯 ）

二、给下列无机化合物的英语名称（共10

小题, 每小题2分，共20分） 1、CaO calcium oxide

2、HClO 4 perchloric acid

3、CuSO 4 copper sulfate

4、NaBr sodium bromide

5、NaCl sodium chloride

6、HNO 3 nitric acid

7、HNO 2 nitrous acid

8、Al 2O 3 aluminum oxide

9、KNO 3 potassium nitrate

10、FeBr 3 ferric bromide

三、给下列有机化合物的英语名称（共5小

题, 每小题4分，共20分）

octane

2.CH 2=CHCH 2CH 3

1-butene

3.CH 3CH 2CH 2CH 2OH

butanol

4.CH 3CH 2OCH 3

ethyl methyl ether

5.CH 3(CH 2)4CO 2H

hexanoic acid

四、英译汉（共10小题, 每小题4分，共40分）

1、The properties of substances are their characteristic qualities. The physical properties are those properties of

other substances.

物质的性质是它们的特别品质。一种物质的物理性质是指那些不用把它改变为另外的物质就可以观察到的性质。

2、It is customary to say that under the same external conditions all

specimens of a particular substance have the same physical properties (density, hardness, color, melting point, crystalline form, etc).

通常认为属于同一种特定物质的各种形体的物质在相同的外界条件下都具有相同的物理性质（包括：密度、硬度、颜色、熔点、晶型等）。

3、Sodium chloride has the properties of changing into a soft metal, sodium,

and a greenish-yellow gas, chlorine, when it is decomposed by passage

of an electric current through it.

氯化钠具有在通电分解的时候转变为一种柔软的金属“钠”和一种黄绿色的气体“氯”的性质。

4、Iron has the property of combining readily with the oxygen in moist

air to form iron rusts whereas an alloy of iron with chromium and nickel

is found to resist this process of rusting.

铁在潮湿的空气中很容易与氧气结合生成铁锈，但是铁和铬镍的合金却可以阻止这样一种过程。

5、Acid-catalyzed hydration of alkenes is used industrially to prepare

certain alcohols, but is not an important laboratory method.

酸催化的烯烃水解反应通常被用于在工业规模上制备某一种醇，但是这并不是一种重要的实验室制备醇的方法。

6、When an acid, base, or salt is dissolved in water the resulting solution

is a conductor of the electric current and is termed an electrolyte.

If no conduction of current occurs, the compound is known as a

nonelectrolyte.

当一种酸、碱或者盐在水中溶解以后所生产的该物质的溶液可以导电，所以被称为电解质。如果溶于水以后的溶液不能导电，该化合物就被称为非电解质。

7、The reaction of an acid with a base is called neutralization. If all

the water is removed by evaporation from the solution after the

reaction, the positive ions from the base and negative ions from the

acid form a crystal lattice of solid salt.

酸与碱的反应叫中和反应。如果把中和反应所得溶液中的水蒸干，碱的正离子和酸的负离子就结合形成盐的晶体。

8、Nonbenzenoid compounds containing rings of carbon atoms are called

alicyclic compounds. These are carbocyclic compounds which resemble

aliphatic compounds in many ways.

含有碳环的非苯系化合物被称为脂环化合物。这些化合物又称碳环化合物，在很多方面和脂肪族化合物类似。

9、Heterocyclic compounds are cyclic compounds with the ring containing

carbon and other elements, the commonest being oxygen, nitrogen and

sulfur. There are a number of heterocyclic rings which are easily

opened and do not posses any aromatic properties, e. g., ethylene oxide, γ- and δ-lactones.

杂环化合物是环上含有碳和另外元素（最主要是氧、氮和硫）的环状化合物。

有很多的杂环化合物很容易开环，不具有芳香性，例如环氧乙烷、γ和δ内酯。

10、All metallic hydroxides are classed as conventional bases. Of the

common bases only NaOH, KOH, Ca(OH)

2and Ba(OH)

2

are appreciably

soluble in water. If these compounds are dissolved in water, the OH-

is common to all of their solutions.

所有的金属氢氧化物都被称为碱，常见的碱中只有NaOH, KOH, Ca(OH)

2

和

Ba(OH)

2

是明显可以溶于水的，如果这些化合物溶解在水中，它们的溶液中都有氢氧根离子。

化学专业英语试卷B答案

, 每小题2分，共

20分） 1、 NaCN Sodium cyanide 2、 Ba(OH)2 Barium hydroxide 3、 KMnO 4 Potassium permanganate 4、 H 2SO 4 Sulfuric acid 5、 ZnSO 4 zinc sulfate or zinc sulphate 6、 FeS Iron (II) sulfide or Ferrous sulfide 7、 H 3PO 4 phosphoric acid 8、 H 2SO 3 Sulfurous acid 9、 HClO 4 Perchloric acid 10、FeCl 3 iron (III) chloride or ferric chloride 二、给下列有机化合物的英语名称（共5小题, 每小题4分，共20分） 1. 甲乙醚 ethyl methyl ether 2. 对甲基苯酚 4-methyl phenol 3. 苯乙烯 styrene 4. CH 3CH ＝C(CH 2CH 3) CH 2 OH 2-ethyl-2-buten-1-ol 5. (CH 3)3CCH 2CH 2OH 4,4-dimethyl-1-butanol or 4,4-dimethyl butanol 三、英译汉（共10小题, 每小题4分，共40分） 1、 Carbon-sodium and carbon-potassium bonds are largely ionic in character; carbon-lead, carbon-tin, carbon-thallium and carbon-mercury bonds are essentially covalent. 碳-钠键和碳-钾键有较大的离子性，碳-铅键，碳-锡键，碳-铊键和碳-汞键基本上属于共价键。 2、 The reactivity of organometallic compounds increases with the percent ionic character of the carbon-metal bond. 金属有机化合物的反应活性随着碳金属键中离子性所占的百分数的增大而增强。 3、 Organometallic compounds of lithium and magnesium are of great importance in organic synthesis. 锂和镁的金属有机化合物在有机合成上有重大的意义。

化学专业英语-化学专业英语课-期末考试试卷含答案

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化学专业英语化学专业英语课期末考试试卷含答案

化学专业英语化学专业英语课期末考试试卷含 答案 文档编制序号：[KKIDT-LLE0828-LLETD298-POI08]

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化学专业英语试卷B答 案 文档编制序号：[KKIDT-LLE0828-LLETD298-POI08]

2013—2014学年度第一学期 应用化学专业《专业英语》课程试卷（A）注意事项：1. 考生务必将自己姓名、学号、专业名称写在指定位置； 2. 密封线和装订线内不准答题。

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