重大版Book 3 Unit 3 Unit 4 Unit 5 语法 主谓一致讲解及练习

主谓一致讲解及练习

1．语法形式上的一致。主语为单数形式，谓语动词用单数形式；主语为复数形式，谓语动词也用复数形式。例如：

Jane and Mary look healthy and strong．

The number of mistakes was surprising．

2．意义上一致

1) 主语形式虽为单数，但意义为复数，谓语动词用复数。

例如：

The crowd were running for their lives．

单数形式表示复数意义的词有people，police，cattle，militia等。

2)主语形式为复数而意义上却是单数，谓语动词用单数。例如：

The news was very exciting．

形复意单的单词有news，works(工厂)和一些以ics结尾的学科名．称，如physics，politics，mathematics等。

3．就近原则。即谓语动词的单、复数形式取决于最靠近它的词语。如用连词or，either…or，neither...nor，not only…but also等连接的并列主语，如果一个是单数，一个是复数，谓语动词与靠近它的主语一致。例如：

Either your students or Mr. Wang knows this．

4．应注意的几个问题。

A)名词作主语

1)某些集体名词(如family，team等)作主语时，如果作为一个整体看待，谓语动词用单数形式；如果就其中一个个成员而言，谓语动词用复数形式。例如：

The whole family are watching TV?

His family is going to have a long journey．

这类名词有：audienee，class，club，committee，company，crew，crowd，enemy，government，group，party，public，team，etc.

名词population一词的使用情况跟上述类似。例如：：

The population in China is very large，and eighty percent of the population in China are farmers. “a group(crowd)of+复数名词”等短语之后的谓语动词也同样可用单数或复数，前者强调整体，后者强调各个部分。

2)某些集体名词(如people，police，cattle，militia等)只当复数看待，谓语动词必须用复数。

例如：

The police are searching for him．

3)单、复数同形的名词作主语时，谓语动词应根据意义决定单、复数。例如：

A sheep is over there,

Some sheep are over there．

4)名词所有格之后的名词被省略的情况一般只指商店、工场、住宅等，作主语时，动词一般用单数。例如：

My Uncle\'s is not far from here．

The doctor\'s is on the side of the street．

常见的省略名词有：the baker\'s，the barber\'s，the carpenter\'s，the Zhang\'s，etc,

表示店铺的名词一般作集体名词看待，但用作主语时，谓语动词往往用复数。例如：Richardson\'s have a lot of leather goods to sell．

5)当名词词组中心词为表示度量、距离、金额、时间、书名等复数名词时，往往可以根据意义一致的原则，把这些复数名词看作一个整体，谓语用单数形式。例如：

Five minutes is enough to do this exercise．

The Selected Poems of Li Bai was published long ago．

Three years has passed．

6)不定代词each，every，no所修饰的名词即使以and或逗号连接成多个并列主语，谓语动词仍用单数形式。例如：

Each boy and each girl wants to serve the people in the future．

7)如果主语有more than one...或many a…构成，尽管从意义上看是复数内容，但它的谓语动词仍用单数形式。例如：

Many a ship has been damaged in the storm．

More than one student has seen the film，

是，在“more+复数名词+than one\'’结构之后，谓语词一般用复数形式。例如：

More members than one are against your plan．

8)一些由两个部分构成的名词表示衣物或工具主语时；谓语通常用复数形式，如scissors，chopsticks，compasses，shoes，trousers，clothes，glasses等。但如果主语由“a kind of ，a pair of，a series of等加名词”构成时，谓语动词一般用单数形式。例如：

A pair of shoes was on the desk .

9)this kind of book=a book of this kind(这种书)，其谓语用单数；短语this kind of men=men of

this kind=these kinds of men(口语)(这一类人)，但this kind of men的谓语用单数，

men of this kind和these kinds of men的谓语用复数。all kinds of后跟复数名词，谓语用复数形式。例如：

Men of this kind are dangerous．

This kind of men is dangerous．

10)复数形式的单、复数同形名词作主语时，按意义一致的原则，作单数意义时，谓语用单数；反之，谓语用复数。这类名词有means(方法)，works(工厂)，species(种类)，Chinese，Japanese等。例如：

The (This) glass works was set up in l970．

(这家玻璃厂建于1970年。)

The(These)glass works are near the railway station．

(这些玻璃厂在火车站附近。)

当它们前面有a，such a，this，that修饰时，谓语用单数；有all，such，these，those修饰时，谓语用复数。但“means\"，“no means\"，“the means\"等词前没有以上修饰词时，可作单数，也可用作复数。

注：work作“工作”解时是不可数名词，作“著作”解时是可数名词，有单复数之分。

11)如果名词词组中心词是all，most；half，rest，part等词语，表示的是复数意义，谓语动词用复数形式；反之，用单数。例如：

All of the water is gone。

All of my classmates work hard．

12)在主谓倒装的句子中，谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致。如：

Between the two windows hangs a picture．

B)由连接词连接的名词作主语

13)用and或both...and连接并列主语，谓语动词通常用复数形式。例如：

Walking and riding are good exercises．

Plastics and rubber never rot．

但是，并列主语如果指的，是同一个人、同一事物或同一概念，谓语动词用：单数形式，这时，and后面的名词没有冠词。例如：

A knife and forkis on the table．

Going to bed early and getting up early is a good habit．

The girl\'s teacher and friend is a young doctor．

Truth and honesty is the best policy。

14)当主语后面跟有as well as，as much as，no less than, along with，with, like，rather than，together with，

but，except，besides，including，in addition to等引导的词组时，其谓语动词的单、复数按主语的单、复数而定。例如：

The room with its furniture was rented．

The teacher as well as the students was excited．

15)以or，either...，neither...nor，not only…but also等连接的名词(代词)作主语，谓语动词的单复数应根据就近一致的原则。例如：

Neither you nor I nor anybody else knows anything about it

Either you or he is to go．

Tom or his brothers are waiting in the room．

C)代词作主语．’

16)名词型物主代词后的动词，既可以用单数，也可以用复数，这取决于它所代替的是单数还是复数。例如：

Ours(Our Party) is a great party．

our shoes are black，mine (=my shoes) are brown．

17)such，the same起指示代词作用时，应根据其所指的内容来决定单、复数。例如：Such are his words．Such is our plan．

8)关系代词who，that，which等在定语从句中作主语时，其谓语动词的数应与句中先行词的数一致。例如：

Some of the energy that is used by man comes from the sun．

Those who want to go please you’re your names here．

19)疑问代词who，：what, which作主语时，谓语动词可根据说话人所要表达的意思决定单复数。例如：

What produce(s)heat?

Which is (are) your book(s)?

Who live next door? It is Zhang and Liu．

Who lives next door? It is Xiao Liu．

20)不定代词．any，either，neither，none，all some，more等作主语时，有以下两种情况：

①单读用作主语时，视其在文中的意义，动词可用单数或复数形式。例如：

All are present．let\'s begin the meeting．

Now all has been changed．

either，neither单独作主语时，谓语通常用单数。

②后接of时，若of的宾语为不可数名词，动词当然用单数形式；若of的宾语为复数名词或代词，动词可以是单数，也可以是复数；在正式文体中，单数形式的动词更常用。

例如：

None of them has(have)seen thefilm．

Do(es) any of you know his address?

D)分数、量词作主语

21)某数词单纯表示数字作主语时，其谓语动词通常用单数形式，但是当基数词表示的不是数值而是数量时，谓语动词可用复数形式。例如：

The billion is a large number．

Twelve were boys.

英语中算术式作主语时，若是减法或除法算术式，谓语通常用单数形式；若是加法和乘法，谓语动词有时也可用复数形式。例如：

Three times five is/are fifteen．

Two and (plus) two is/are four.

Twelve divided by four is three．

Three taken from eight leaves five．

在提问加、减、乘、除得数时，如用how much，谓语动词多用单数形式；如用how many，谓语动词多用复数形式。例如：

How many are two times five?

How much is eight divided by two?

22)．“分数或百分数+of+名词”构成短语，以及由“some，a lot of，lots of，plenty of，a(1arge)quantity of，the rest

of，a heap of，heaps of+名词”构成短语时，其名词可以是可数名词或不可数名词。作主语时，采取就近一致的原则，其谓语动词要与短语中of后面的名词的数保持一致，这是因为短语中of后面的名词是中心词，而名词前面的量词是修饰语。例如：

A quantity of blouses were on sale．

A large quantity of beer was sold．

Plenty of English books are on the shelf．

Lots of damage was caused by fire．

Three-fifths of the workers here are women．

About three-fourths of the earth\'s surface is covered with water．

23)A(great)number of，many；a few修饰可数复数名词，

其短语作主语时，谓语动词用复数；a little，much，a great deal of，a large amount of修饰不可数名词，其短语作主语时，谓语动词用单数。例如：；

A large amount of(A great deal of)damage was done in a very short time．

A great deal of trouble lies before us．

A number of students have gone to the countryside to help

with the autumn harvest．

24)(large)quantities of修饰可数

复数名词或不可数名词其短语作主语时，谓语动词一般用复数。例如：

Quantities of food (nuts) were on the table．

Large amounts of money were spent on the bridge．

25)The number+可数复数名词，the amount of+不可数名词，the quantity of+可数复数名词或不可数名词构成的短

语，作主语时，谓语动词用单数，例如：

The amount of money is great.

The quantity of heat in the office has not been increased．

The quantity of books in the library is amazing．

The number of students in our school is increasing．

26)表示数量的one and a half 后，名词要用复数形式。但是其短语作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。例如：

One and a half bananas is left on the table.

27)half of，(a)part of修饰可数名词单数及不可数名词时，谓语动词用单数；修饰可数名词复数时，谓语动词用复数。

E)名词化的形容词作主语，

28)如果主语由“the+形容词或过去分词)”结构充当时。谓语通常用复数。这类词有；the brave，the poor，the rich，

the blind，the young，the old, the sick，the dead，the deaf and dumb，the oppressed，the injured, the wounded, the unemployed等；但也有少数的过去分词与定冠词连用时指个别，则用单数。

例如：

The departed(死者) was a well-known engineer．

The blind study in special schools．

这类形容词或分词如果要表示个体时，就要与名词／man，person或表示人的单数连用。如：all old man，a rich person，the(a)wounded soldier

F)从句作主语

29)由what引导的主语从句，谓语动词通常用单数；所指的具体内容若是复数意义，谓语动词一般

用复数形式。例如：

What we need are doctors．

What we need is more time．

30）在复数名词引导的从句结构中，关系代词的先行词是靠近它的复数名词而不是，因此，从句中的动词应该是复数形式。例如：

This is one of the most interesting questions that have been asked.

但是，当之前有等修饰时，关系代词的先行词是，而不是靠近它的复数名词，因此从句的动词应是单数形式。例如；

she was the only one of the girls who was late for the meeting.

主谓一致

1. My family raise a lot of _______, including two_______

A. cattles; cows

B. cows; cattle

C,. cattle; cows D. cow; cattles

2, All the _______are made of _______, not plastics.

A. glass, glass

B. glasses; glass

C. glass; glasses

D. glasses; glasses

3. Two_____ and three_______ attended the meeting.

A. Englishmans; Germen

B. Englishmen; Germen

C. Englishmen; Germans

D. Englishmans; Germans

4. He left _______ with my secretary that he would call again in the afternoon. He said he would keep

A. words; his words

B. word; his word

C. word; word

D. the word; his word

5. The plural forms of the words photo and potato are_

A. photoes and potatoes

B. photos and potatos

C. photoes and potatoes

D. photos and potatoes

6. He found a lot of _______ were_______

A. passers- by; grown – ups

B. passer-bys; growns-up

C. passer- bys; grown- ups

D. passers by; growns- up

7. There _______ no life on the moon,

A. is said to have

B. are said to have

C. is said to be

D. are said to be

8. A group of _______are eating_______ and at the foot of the hill

A. sheep; grass; leaves B, sheeps; grasses; leaves

C. sheep; grass; leaf

D. sheeps; grass; leafs

9. The__of those buildings were broken in the hurricane.

A. roof

B. rooves

C. roofs

D. roofes

10. It is bad___ to speak with your mouth full of food.

A. manner

B. manners

C. way

D. thing

11. In Britain_______ are all painted red.

A. letter boxes

B. letters boxes

C. letter box

D. letters box

12. She is the only one among the _______ writers who______ stories for children.

A. woman; writes

B. women; write .

C. women; writes

D. woman; write

13. My sister has two_______

A. tooth - brushes

B. tooth - brush

C. teeth - brushes

D. teeth- brush

14. The railway station is from our school_______.

A. two hour\'s drive

B. two hours\' drive

C. two hour drive

D. two hours drive

15. This is an old photo of my aunt\'s when she had _______ , and now she has_______.

A. short hair; grey hairs

B. short hairs; grey hair

C. short hair; grey hair

D. short hairs; grey hairs

16. Three-fourths of the homework _______ today.

A. has finished

B. has been finished

C. have finished

D. have been finished

17. Only _____ in the school ____ been repaired.

A. one third of the desks; has

B. one third desks; have

C. one third of the desks; have

D. one third desks; has

18. The total number of the population in China_______

about 1, 100 million on April 14, 1989.

A. added up

B. was

C. were

D. rose

19. More than 60 percent of the world\'s radio programmes _______ in English.

A. is .

B. was

C. are

D. be

,20. Those who _______ in_______ compositions, please hand them in this afternoon.

A. hasn\'t handed; his

B. haven\'t handed; their

C. has handed; their

D. have handed; his

21. Jane is one of the best students in her class who _______ by their teacher.

A. are praised

B. is praised

C. praised

D. praising

22. On the wall _______ two large portraits.

A. hang

B. hangs

C. hanged

D. hanging

23. \"I wonder whose bicycle it is. \"

\"It might be my_______ \"

A. neighbour\'s

B. dear neighbour

C. neighbour D, neighbours

24. _______work has been, done to improve the people\'s living standard.

A. Many

B. A great many

C. A large number of ,

D. A great deal of

25. Li Ming\'s handwriting is better than___ in his ___class.

A. anyone else\'s

B.anyone\'s else\'s

C. anyone\'s

D. anyone else

26. This is the_______

A. students\' exercise-book

B. student\' s exercise - book

C. students\' exercise- books

D. student\'s exercise-books

27. Mike and John\' s_______

A. father is a teacher

B. fathers are teachers

C. father are teachers

D. fathers are teacher

28. _______about the moon _______ put into the computers.

A. A great number of informations; were

B. A lot of information; were

C. Much information; was

D. A good many informations; were

29. \"What does Mr Brown do for a living?\"

\"He\'s one of the most suceessful _______ in the city.\'

A. newspaper reporter

B. newspaper\'s reporters

C. newspaper\'s reporter

D. newspaper reporters

30. How many _______ do you want.7

A. bread

B. breads

C. piece of bread

D.pieces of bread

31. You should do more . Don\'t always sit at the desk busy doing your _______.:

A. exercise; exercises

B. exercises; exercise

C. exercises; exercises D, exercise; exercise

32. _______ food is kept in his new cave.

A. Large quantities of

B. A great deal of

C. A large number of

D. Quite a few

33. Please give me_______

A. two piece of paper

B. two piece of papers

C. two pieces of paper

D. two pieces of papers

34. Seventy percent of the students here__from the countryside.

A. is

B. are ,

C. comes

D. has come

35. I, who_______ your teacher, will try my best to help you with your study.

A. be

B. am

C. are

D. is

36. The rich_______ not always happy.

A. are

B. is

C. has Ds have

37. _______ can be done_______ been done.

A. All; have

B. All that; have C, All; has D. All that; has

38. John has two brothers, but either _______ out of work now.

A. are

B. is

C. has\'! D, have

39. The police the murderer everywhere when he_______ suddenly appeared in a theatre.

A. is searching for

B. were searching for

C. are searching for

D. were searching

40. About 40 _______of the \'population of that country _______on farms.

A. percent; lives

B. percent; live

C. percents; live

D. percents; lives

41. Apples of this kind_______

A. tastes good

B. tastes well

C. taste good

D. taste well

42. Your trousers _______ dirty, you must have_______ washed.

A. is; it

B. are; it

C. are; themD, is; them

43. Where _______ rubbish, there are flies.

A. there are

B. there is

C. is

D. there has

44. The Olympic Games_______ held every ____years. \':

A. is; four

B. are; four

C. is; five

D. are; five

45. Many a man _______come to help us.

A. have

B. has

C. is

D. are

46. No one but her parents it.

A. know

B. knows

C. is knowing

D. are knowing

47. He is the only one of the students who_______ elected.

A. are

B. have

C. has

D. is

48. Alice, together with two boys, for having broken the rule.

A. was punished

B. punished

C. were punished

D. being punished

49. The results of the examination_______that you have all made great

A. show; progress

B. shows; progress

C. show; progresses

D. shows; progresses

50. _______a good enough price for this book.

A. Two yuans are

B. Two yuan are

C. Two yuans is

D. Two yuan is

51. Many people say 10, 000 _______ a lot of money.

A. dollar is

B. dollars are

C. dollars is

D. dollar are

52. No bird and no beast _______ in the lonely island.

A. are seen

B. is seen

C. see

D. sees

53. Every means _______ prevent the water from_______

A. are used to; polluting

B. get used to; polluting

C. is used to; polluted

D. is used to; being polluted

54. The news of victories _______ spreading far and wide.

A. is

B. are

C. have been

D. were

55. Everyone here, including children and old people_______ in for sports.

A. go

B. going

C. to go

D. goes

56. The wood caught fire and was soon burnt_______

A. ashes

B. ash

C. to ashes

D. to ash

57. Each of the_______ in the ship.

A. passenger has his own room

B. passengers have their own room

C. passenger have ,their own room

D. passengers has his own room

58. What we need _______good textbooks.

A. is

B. are

C. have

D. has

59, What you said just now _____the matter we are discussing.

A. have something to do at

B. has something to do with

C. had something to do with

D. has been something to do with

60. I went to my_______ last Sunday and, had a good time there.

A. uncles\'

B. uncles

C. uncle\'s

D. uncle

61. \"Where\' s your brother?” .... At_______ \"

A. the Mr Green\'s

B. Greens

C. Mr Green\'s

D. the Greens

62. The paper for books and newspapers ______made of wood.

A. are

B. is

C. has

D. have

63. Here _______ a new pair of shoes for you.

A. is

B. are

C. have

D. has

64. Not only my brother but also I_______ good at painting.

Both of us _______ good painters.

A. are; are

B. am; are

C. is; is

D. are;

65. Either your parents or your elder brother _______to

attend the meeting tomorrow.

A. is

B. are

C. are going

D. have

66. Neither of the novels which_______ popular with us_______ been translated into Chinese.

A. are; has

B. are; have

C. is; have D, is; has

67. Every boy and every girl _______ to attend the evening party.

A. wish

B. wishes

C. is like

D. like

68. Large quantities of water _______ needed for cooling purpose.

A. is

B. are

C. has D, have

69. Her_______ to her children\'s faults _______quite extraordinary.

A. blind; is

B. blind; are

C. blindness; is

D. blindness; are

70. In winter wet clothes _______ near a fire.

A. often hanged up

B. are often hanged up

C. often hung up

D. are often hung up \'

71. The air in big cities _______ very dirty by factories

A. are often made

B. is often made

C. have often made

D. has often made

72. Nobody _______ to smoke in the cinema.

A. allows

B. allow

C. is allowed

D. are allowed

73. The rest of the magazines_______ within half an hour.

A. is sold out

B. are sold out

C. was sold out

D. were sold out

74. A large number of the students in our class_______ girls.

A. are

B. was

C. is

D. be

75. The number of students of this school_______ large.

A. are

B. are not

C. isn\'t

D. aren\'t

76.. The Chinese people_______ hard - working and brave.

A. are

B. is

C. has been

D. are being

77. \"All _______ present and all _______ going on well.\" our monitor said.

A. is; is

B. are; are

C. are; is

D. is; are

78. The League secretary and monitor _______ asked to make a speech at the meeting.

A. is

B. was

C. are

D. were

79. Mary as well as her sisters_______ Chinese in China.

A. are studying

B. have studied

C. studies

D. study

80. He played on the_______ for two hours and when be returned he found half his goods _______ stolen.

A. sand; were

B. sand; was

C. sands; were

D. sands; was

81. How many_______ would you like?

A. paper

B. breads

C. pieces of papers

D. pieces of bread

82. _______ we have made today!

A. How great progress

B. How great a progress

C. What a great progress

D. What great progress

83. We have two_______ in our town and a new chemical _______ is to open soon.

A. ironworks; works

B. ironworks; work

C. ironwork; work

D. ironwork; works

84. This is_______ to an end:

A. means

B. a mean

C. a means

D. some mean

85. Look, here come some_______

A. dog

B. horse

C. deer

D. cow

86. How many_______ there in your family?

A. people is

B. people are

C. peoples are

D. people has

87. There are many_______ in the hospital.

A. woman doctors 13. women doctors

C. women doctor

D. doctor women

88. She broke a _______ while washing up.

A. glass wine

B. wine glass

C. glass of wine

D. glass for wine

89. How many_______ is it from here?

A. foot

B. feet

C. foots

D. mile

90. Yesterday we called at_______

A. my uncle

B. a friend of my uncle\'s

C. my aunts\'

D. Mary\' s sister\' s

英语四级必看英语语法(全)

all the same 仍然,照样的as regards 关于,至于anything but 根本不as a matter of fact 实际上 apart from 除...外(有/无) as a rule 通常,照例 as a result(of) 因此,由于as far as ...be concerned 就...而言as far as 远至,到...程度as for 至于,关于 as follows 如下as if 好像,仿怫 as good as 和...几乎一样as usual 像平常一样,照例 as to 至于,关于all right 令人满意的;可以 as well 同样,也,还as well as 除...外(也),即...又

aside from 除...外(还有) at a loss 茫然,不知所措 at a time 一次,每次at all 丝毫(不),一点也不 at all costs 不惜一切代价at all events 不管怎样,无论如何at all times 随时,总是at any rate 无论如何,至少 at best 充其量,至多at first 最初,起先 at first sight 乍一看,初看起来at hand 在手边,在附近 at heart 内心里,本质上at home 在家,在国内 at intervals 不时,每隔... at large 大多数,未被捕获的 at least 至少at last 终于 at length 最终,终于at most 至多,不超过

at no time 从不,决不by accident 偶然 at one time 曾经,一度;同时at present 目前,现在 at sb’s disposal 任...处理at the cost of 以...为代价 at the mercy of 任凭...摆布at the moment 此刻,目前 at this rate 照此速度 at times 有时,间或back and forth 来回地,反复地 back of 在...后面before long 不久以后 beside point 离题的,不相干的beyond question 毫无疑问by air 通过航空途径by all means 尽一切办法,务必 by and by 不久,迟早by chance 偶然,碰巧

英语语法的五种基本句型

教学目标： 1.让学生掌握英语学习中的五种基本句型； 2.学会分辨句子属于哪种句型； 3.懂得使用不同的句型造句； 教学重点与难点： 1.五种句型的分析与理解； 2.句型4（主+动+宾+补）与句型5（主+动+宾+宾）的掌握与比较； 教学方法： 1.ppt演示； 课堂练习： 一、下列的句子属于哪种类型 1. The sun rises 2. She is walking along the lake. 3. I like this book very much. 4. That man seems kind 5. He bought his sister a piano. 6. She kept us waiting for over three hours. 7. Let me give you a hand. 8. We tried to make her happy. 二、请说出五个句子，并说出属于哪种句型 家庭作业： 1.每个句型各举出3个句子 2.翻译句子

导入主题：我们现在能用英语写简单的作文，也可以用英语进行简单的交流与沟通，可是大家知道英语中有多少种基本句型吗？那这些句型分别是什么？ （让学生自由思考、讨论，引出今天的课题，英语学习中的五种基本句型）1.Subject (主语) ＋Verb (谓语) 此句型的特点是:谓语动词是不及物动词,本身能表达完整的意思,后面不需跟宾语,但有时可跟副词、介词短语等作状语。如: He laughed. John has read widely. He lives in London. 2. Subject(主语) ＋Verb (谓语) ＋Object (宾语) 此句型的特点是:谓语动词是及物动词,不能表达完整的意思,必须跟有一个宾语。如: Our team beat all the others. 3. Subject (主语) ＋Link. V(系动词) ＋Predicate(表语) 此句型的特点是:谓语动词是连系动词,不能表达完整的意思,必须加上一个表明主语特征、身份、状态的表语。常见的系动词有:be(是),become(成为),get(变得),turn(变得),grow(变得),look(看起来),feel(感到),smell(闻起来),taste(尝起来),sound(听起来),seem(似乎),keep(保持),stay(保持)等。如: The rose smells sweet. 4. Subject(主语)＋Verb (动词)＋Object (宾语)＋Complement(补语) 此句型的特点是:谓语动词虽然跟有一个宾语,但意思还不完整,必须加上另外一个成分(宾语补足语)对宾语进行补充说明。可以用作宾语补足语的有:名词、形容词、不定式、动名词、分词、介词短语等。如: We must keep our school clean. They made him their monitor. 5. Subject(主语)＋Verb(谓语)＋Indirect object(间接宾语)＋Direct object (直接宾语) 此句型的特点是:谓语动词跟有两个宾语,这两个宾语都是动作的对象或承受者,其中指人的是间接宾语,指物的是直接宾语。当间接宾语放在直接宾语之后时,通常需要加介词for或to。可跟双宾语的动词 有:answer,bring,buy,find,get,give,lend,make,pass,pay,send,show,sing,take,teach,tell, write等。如: Mr. Li told us an interesting story. Would you please give this dictionary to Li Hua？ 【注】S=Subject(主语). V=Verb(谓语动词). P=Predicative(表语). O=Object(宾语).

小黄书日语初级上语法汇总

基本句式： 1、判断句：～は～です。（だ） ～は～でした。（だった） ～は～ではありません。（ではない） ～は～ではありませんでした。（ではなかった） 　～は～ですか。 2、疑问句：～は～ですか。（一般疑问句）　 ～は（疑问词）ですか。（特殊疑问句） 疑问词：何、誰（どなた）、どれ、どの～、どこ、どちら??? 3、存在句：～に～があります/います。 ～は～にあります/います。 ～はどこにあります/いますか＝～はどこですか。（疑问句）4、叙述句：～に＋動詞 ～から～まで＋動詞 ～は～で～に（へ）行きます/帰ります ～は～から来ました ～は～で～を＋動詞 ～は～に～をあげます ～は～に/から～をもらいます

动词： 一段动词、五段动词、サ变动词、カ变动词（连用形1、连用形2）连用形1:＋ます/ません/ました/ませんでした ＋ませんか/ましょう ＋たい（たがる） ＋方 连用形2：＋て ＋てから ＋てください ＋ている ＋てはいけない ＋てもいい ＋た ＋たことがある ＋たほうがいい ＋た後

未然形：＋ないでください ＋なくてもいいです ＋ないほうがいいです ＋なければなりません（ないといけません）基本型：＋ことができる/できません ＋ことです（形式体言） ＋ことがある ＋前に

形容词/形容动词/名词： 1、て形 2、～は/が～くなる（になる） ～を～くする（にする） 3、～（な/の）ほうがいいです 比较句型： 1、比较级：～は～より～です。 ～より～のほうが～です。 ～と～どちらが～ですか。 ～は～ほど～（否定）です。2、最高级：～（の中）で～が一番～です。 ～（の中）で～一番～は～です。

高中英语必修四语法(人教版)

I 主语和谓语动词的一致 1主语要和谓语动词保持人称和数的一致。如: I am seventeen. She is sixteen. There is a desk in the room. There are no chairs in it. They have not come yet. Nobody knows who is going to win in the competition. What is the latest news about the Olympic Games? 2两个名词由and连接作主语时，谓语动词一般用复数。如: Wang Gang and Zhang Hua were here a moment ago. My brother and I have both seen the film. Both rice and wheat are grown in this part of China. 说明 (1) 当and不表示并列意义，连接两个在意义上表示同一人、物或概念或由两个部件配成的物品时，谓语动词用单数。如: The professor and writer is speaking at the meeting.那位教授作家正在会上发言。 One more knife and fork is needed.还需要一副刀叉。 War and peace is a constant theme in history.战争与和平是历史永恒的主题。 (2) 两个并列的名词有each, every, many a等修饰语时，谓语动词一般用单数。如: Each doctor and (each) nurse / Every doctor and (every) nurse was given a new shirt.每个大夫和护士都发了一件新衬衫。 NO sound and no voice is heard.-点声音都没有。 Many boy and (many a) girl has made the same mistake.许多男孩女孩都犯了同样的错误。2电休名词group, class family army, enemy等作主语时，如果强调整体，谓语动词用单数形

高中英语新课标必修四Unit5课文原文

Book 4 Unit 5 Theme Parks . There are v arious kinds of theme parks, with a different park for almost everything: food, culture, science, c artoons, movies or history. . Some parks are famous for having the biggest or longest r oller coasters, others for showing the famous sights and sounds of a culture. . Whichever and whatever you like, there is a theme park for you! . It will bring you into a magical world and make your dreams come true, whether traveling through space, visiting a pirate ship or meeting your favourite fairy tale or Disney cartoon character. 8. As you wander around the fantasy amusement park, you may see Snow White or Mickey Mouse in a parade or on the street. 9. Of course Disneyland also has many exciting rides, from giant swinging ships to terrifying free-fall drops. 10. With all these attractions, no wonder tourism is increasing w herever there is a Disneyland. 12. Dollywood, in the beautiful Smoky Mountains in the southeastern USA, is one of the most unique theme parks in the world. Dollywood shows and celebrates America's traditional southeastern culture. Although Dollywood has rides, the park's main a ttraction is its culture. People come from all over America to see carpenters and other craftsmen make wood, glass and iron objects in the old-fashioned way. Visit the candy shop to try the same kind of candy that American southerners made 150 years ago, or take a ride on the only steam- engine train still working in the southeast USA. preserve. You can even see beautiful bald eagles in the world's largest bald eagle And for those who like rides, Dollywood has one of the best old wooden roller coasters, Thunderhead. It is world-famous for having the most length in the smallest space. Come to Dollywood to have fun learning all about America's historical southeastern culture! If you want to experience the ancient days and great deeds o f English knights and ladies, princes and queens, then England's Camelot Park is the place for you.

英语四级语法全

四级语法 一：时态：所谓的"时态"，就是时间+状态。谓语动词的时态见下表： 1．主动形式 过去 现在 将来 过去将来 2．被动形式 过去 现在 将来 过去将来 时。 时间状语从句当中的时态： 一般过去时 所有的过去 用 一般现在时 表示 现在和将来 现在完成时 现在完成和将来完成 一．非谓语动词 一．不定式： 一）不定式的常考形式： 一般 did do will/shall do should/would do 进行 was/were doing am/is/are doing will/shall be doing / 完成 had done have/has done will/shall have done should/would have done 用于虚拟语气 完成进行 had been doing have/has been doing / / 一般 was/were given am/is/are given will/shall be given should/would be given 进行 was/were being given am/is/are being given / / 完成 had been given have/has been given will/shall have been given should/would have been given 完成进行 / / /

1)一般形式：He decided to work harder in order to catch up with the others. 被动形式: He preferred to be assigned some heavier work to do. 语法功能：表示与谓语动词同步发生 2)完成形式：He pretended not to have seen me. 被动形式：The book is said to have been translated into many languages. 语法功能：表示发生在谓语动词之前 二）不定式常考的考点： 1）不定式做定语----将要发生 2）不定式做状语----目的 3）不定式充当名词功能---To see is to believe. 三)不定式的省略 1)感官动词 see, watch, observe, notice, look at, hear, listen to, smell, taste, feel + do 表示动作的完整性，真实性； + doing表示动作的连续性，进行性 I saw him work in the garden yesterday. 昨天我看见他在花园里干活了。(强调"我看见了"这个事实) I saw him working in the garden yesterday. 昨天我见他正在花园里干活。（强调"我见他正干活"这个动作） 感官动词后面接形容词而不是副词：The cake tastes good; It feels comfortable. 2) 使役动词 have bid make let 等词后不定式要省略但同1)一样被动以后要还原to I ‘d like to have John do it. I have my package weighed. Paul doesn’t have t o be made to learn. 3) help help sb do help sb to do help do help to do 四)有些动词后只跟不定式如： want，wish，hope，manage，promise，refuse，pretend，plan， offer，decide，agree，expect allow sb to do, cause sb to do , permit sb to do, enable sb to do force sb to do. be more likely to do love to do warn sb to do be able to do be ambitious to do. begin to do . start to do 五) 有的时候to后面要接-ing形式 accustom (oneself) to; be accustomed to; face up to; in addition to; look forward to; object to; be reduced to; resign oneself to; be resigned to; resort to; sink to; be used to; be alternative to; be close/closeness to; be dedication/dedicated to; be opposition/opposed to; be similarity/similar to.

英语常用口语及语法句型

常用口语： 1. I’m not myself！我烦透了！ 2. Don’t bother me！别烦我！ 3. Give me five more minutes, please. 再给我五分钟时间，好吗？ 4. How did you sleep? 你睡的怎么样？ 5. Don’t hog the bathroom! 别占着卫生间了！ 6. Don’t hog the shower! 别占着浴室了！ 7. Don’t hog my girlfriend! 别缠着我的女朋友了！ 8. Get outta there! 快出来！ 9. I will treat you. 我请客。 10. What are you in the mood for? 你想吃什么？ 11. Who is gonna drive? / Who’s driving? 谁来开车？ 12. You know what I mean? 你明白我的意思吗？ 13. Could you run that by me again?

你能再说一遍吗？ 14. So what you are trying to say is... 那么，你想说的是…… 15. Whadja do last night? 昨晚你干嘛去了？ Whadja=What did you 16. Didja have a good time? 玩的开心吗？ didja=did you 17. Where wouldja like to go tonight? 今晚你想上哪儿？ Wouldja=Would you 18. I am running late. 我要迟到了。 19. I’ve gotta get outta here. 我得离开这儿了。 20. I’ve gotta catch the bus. 我要去赶公共汽车了。 21. gotta=got to wanna=want to gonna=going to 22. Yo—taxi! 嗨，出租车！ 23. Where to ? (你)要去哪儿？

标日初级上册语法总结

存在句有2种格式： 名に名があります/います。。。有。。。。教室に机があります。 名は名にあります/います。。。在。。。。机は教室にあります。 不论在哪种存在句，物体存在的地点，都用“に”表示，称作“存在的地点”。另外，存在句中有生命的事物用“います”。无生命的事物用“あります”。 犬はいすの下にいます。本は机にあります。 2，具体时间P70 在日语中表示时间有2种：一个是象今日（きょう）、去年（きょねん）、来週（らいしゅう）、今朝（けさ）、夕べ（ゆうべ）等等单个的时间名词。另一个是年、月、时、星期等等直接有数词的时间名词，称作“具体时间”。用具体时间时后面要加“に”。 私は今朝６時に起きました。山田さんは１９９８年に大学を卒業しました。 水曜日(に)テストがあります。（星期后面“に”可加可不加） 3，动作的对方或指向。P100 先生は学生に日本語を教えます。老师教学生日语。 私は田中さんに手紙を出しました。我给田中寄了信。 李さんに会います。 4，动作的附着点（归着点）P181 动作或作用后人或物体的附着点（归着点）。 先生は黒板に字を書きます。老师往黑板上写字。 この用紙に名前と電話番号を書いてください。请在这张表格上写上姓名和电话号码。 壁に字を書きました。在墙上写字。 5，移动的方向和目的地p182 表示移动的方向和目的地时“に”和“へ”可以互换。 明日ペキンに/へ行きます。（目的地）角を右に/へ曲がります。(方向) 在拐角处右转。 6，频率P162 在一定时间内进行若干次动作。 試験は2週間に1一回あります。 この薬は一回に二つ飲みます。 いっしゅうかんしゅういちにちひいっかげつつきいちねんねん一週間に------------週に一日に---- 日に一か月に--------月に一年に--------年に 7，目的P162 在移动动词的前面表示移动的目的，动词去“ます”后接“に”。三类动词用词干接“に”。 町へ買い物に行きます。レストランへ食事に行きます。 日本へ日本語を習いに来ました。

人教版高中英语必修4课文原文Unit1--5

必修4 Unit 1 A STUDENT OF AFRICAN WILDLIFE It is 5:45 am and the sun is just rising over Gombe National Park in East Africa. Following Jane's way of studying chimps, our group are all going to visit them in the forest. Jane has studied these families of chimps for many years and helped people understand how much they behave like humans. Watching a family of chimps wake up is our first activity of the day. This means going back to the place where we left the family sleeping in a tree the night before. Everybody sits and waits in the shade of the trees while the family begins to wake up and move off. Then we follow as they wander into the forest. Most of the time, chimps either feed or clean each other as a way of showing love in their family. Jane warns us that our group is going to be very tired and dirty by the afternoon and she is right. However, the evening makes it all worthwhile. We watch the mother chimp and her babies play in the tree. Then we see them go to sleep together in their nest for the night. We realize that the bond between members of a chimp family is as strong as in a human family. Nobody before Jane fully understood chimp behaviour. She spent years observing and recording their daily activities. Since her childhood she had wanted to work with animals in their own environment. However, this was not easy. When she first arrived in Gombe in 1960, it was unusual for a woman to live in the forest. Only after her mother came to help her for the first few months was she allowed to begin her project. Her work changed the way people think about chimps. For example, one important thing she discovered was that chimps hunt and eat meat. Until then everyone had thought chimps ate only fruit and nuts. She actually observed chimps as a group hunting a monkey and then eating it. She also discovered how chimps communicate with each other, and her study of their body language helped her work out their social system. For forty years Jane Goodall has been outspoken about making the rest of the world understand and respect the life of these animals. She has argued that wild animals should be left in the wild and not used for entertainment or advertisements. She has helped to set up special places where they can live safely. She is leading a busy life but she says: "Once I stop, it all comes crowding in and I remember the chimps in laboratories. It's terrible. It affects me when I watch the wild chimps. I say to myself, 'Aren't they lucky?" And then I think about small chimps in cages

英语四级语法全

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