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四六级写作讲义2

四六级写作讲义2—原因现象阐述类作文

信：

六级05年1月试卷评析

05年1月 Your Help Needed

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an open letter on behalf of the student union asking people to give help to a student who is seriously ill. You should write at least 150 words following the outline given below:

1，对病人的简单介绍：目前的病情和家庭情况

2，目前的困难：无法继续承担医疗费用，需要护理

3，希望捐助，联系方式

本次作文英文指令要求提到的病人是大学生，写信人应代表学生会写一封公开信。如未能按照此要求写作，应酌情扣1分。

题目类型

原因现象描述类文章。表面上看，这是信，但就其实质上说，还是以前的老题型，给出2～3句的提纲，要求按照提纲所示内容完成作文。应注意的事项

要强调的一点，本次作文，除了提纲外，还应该在文中表明两个要素――1、病人大学生；2、写信人代表学生会。考生不仅要注意前面所列出的三项要求，而且也要注意后面的这两个要求。

结构安排。一般文章的最佳安排方法是，把提纲变为英文体现在每段第一句作为中心句，后面再用逻辑词或连接词把每段内的分支观点串

成一篇文章。

第一段要求讲出病人的病情和家庭情况。另外，这是信，所以要在前面加上称呼。作为文章的开头段，应该简要介绍就行，这样也可以避免详细描述。因为大多考生语言基础不足以支撑详细的细节描述。第二段原因列举表述段。用提纲变来的用中心句统领全段，之后讲出几个不同的困难。困难很容易列出，如钱不够，家庭条件差，要人看护等显而易见且简单的原因。

第三段呼吁捐助和列出联系方法。当然在行文中号召的语言是需要的，同时在结尾处要标明自己是代表学生会提出这个请求。

14分

Dear friends,

I’m writing to you, on behalf of the student union, to ask for help for our schoolmate, Li Ming. He’s seriously ill and has to have a lung transplant at once. To make things worse, he comes from the west of our country, which means that his family is quite poor.

Li Ming is now confronted with the following difficulties. To begin with, he can’t afford the medical expenses. His family doesn’t have a good financial background and moreover, his parents have already borrowed a lot of money to send him to university. In view of their low income and severe financial situation, we hope you can show our sympathy. In addition, his family is far away and he needs

someone to take care of him day and night instead of his parents who are thousands of miles from here. Only under careful care can our friend recover from his disease.

On no account can we see our friend suffer without giving him a hand! He’s in desperate need of your help, especially in financial donations to help pay his expenses. Anyone who wants to offer help can contact us at 55780063 or you can email us at john@https://www.wendangku.net/doc/7916075466.html,. Please!

Yours,

John

Chairman of the Student Union

本文特点

作者开门见山，直接把最后两个要素在第一段就标明，即生病的是学生，要代表学生会――“on behalf of the student union, to ask for help for our schoolmate”。然后，用两句话就说清病情和家庭情况。并且用了一个较少能见的连接短语“To make things worse”。列举困难直接把中心句放在段首，本段的基本结构可以这样认为：“Li Ming is now confronted with the following difficulties.”＋“To begin with”＋“moreover”＋“In addition”。并且，使用比较地道的短语be confronted with. 一般来说，短语优先原则是一个比较好的策略。本段中，尽管作者很少使用从句，但并列句和短

语的使用是较多的，“a lot of ，In view of ，far away ，take care

of ，recover from ”。

首尾属于传统事务信函的套路。两层意思，一是呼吁捐助，二是联系

方式。呼吁捐助的段首句采用倒装，使文章的句式有了不少变化。尽

管全文的从句量不多，但句式变化多，如并列句、倒装句、无主句。

并且全文的短语使用较多且地道。

原因现象阐释类

特点：提纲比较随意

文章分类：举现象、说原因、谈感受、论影响

举现象

单举：For example / For instance / a case in point / take an example for

多举：1. For example ……next to ……further more ……

2. For example ……and ……also ……even ……

3. For example ……besides ……

论影响：The effect / influence （harm ）of rumor has become more them obvious

at that moment . For one thing ……for another thing ……

Recently the phenomenon has 引起了关注 / …… become a hot topic among

people recently / Nowadays,…has become a problem we face.

解决问题：The key factor to solve this problem is …… / There is no immediate solution to

the issue of ……, but ……might be helpful.

正文：

第一段：引出话题

1) .concern attention public aroused

draws it ,threatened influenced seriously has it As . is today society nation our troubling headaches biggest g

confrontin problem biggest facing question burning the of One ????????????????????????

?????????????????? 当前我国/我们社会所面临的最棘手的问题是……。由于它已经严重影响了……，

所以也引起了公众的关注。

2) .attention general

concern public drawn aroused has of problem phenomenon T he .

1990 e with/sinc mpared against/co as viewers T V teenagers graduates college four of out one quarters -one than more of percent 10 than less that indicates shows report official an Recently,?????????????????????????????

???????????????????）（最近有一项官方报告表明，有至少百分之十/超过四分之一/四分之一的大学毕业生

/年轻人/看电视的人……（和1990年相比）。……现象已经引起了公众的关注。

3) Nowadays, …… has become a problem we have to face.

如今……已经成为我们必须面临的问题。

4) Nowadays, more and more people are concerned about the problem …… .

现在越来越多的人开始关注……的问题。

5) Once in a newspaper, I hit upon/came across a report that …….

我曾经在报纸上看到一篇关于……的报道。

6) Recently, the issue/problem/question of …… has been brought into focus/brought to public attention/posed among public attention.

最近……问题已经成为人们关注的焦点。

7) In recently years, many cities/nations/people have been faced/troubled with the serous problem of …….

在最近几年里，很多城市/国家/人已经面临……问题/受到……的干扰。

8) Nowadays, more and more people come to realize/be aware of the importance of ……. 越来越多的人开始意识到……的重要性。

9) It is undeniable/There is no denying that …… has become the utmost concern among people nowadays. 不

可否认，……已经成为人们最关注的问题。

10) Recently, the rise in the phenomenon of …… has drawn/aroused/captured world wide attention.

最近……现在日益增多已经引起了全世界的注意。

第二段：细节论证

1. 分析原因

. that is cause factor ng contributi important .Another that is causes primary

factors common most the of One problem. the to lead to e countribut could causes factors Several of number A ????????????????????????????????????????

ii. mentioned emphasized stressed be should one ...,for people by identified offered cited given resons important convincing most the Among ?????????????

????????????????? 在人们所提出的对……最重要/有说服力的原因当中，有一点值得强调……。

iii. ...o reaction t to response of result of sign a as phenomenon increase trend the of think

view

see regard may One ?????????????????????????????????????? 这个趋势/增长/现象应当被看成是……的一种象征/结果。

iv. ????????????????????????????????

???????????factors several ..fact that. the to le attributab to owing to due is /from arises from results partly largely mainly in...success failure change increase T he ……的增长/改变/失败/成功的主要/部分原因是这样的……。

v. deeper.far go phenomenon problem for the roots causes but the ...,for ...criticize blame may We ?

????????????????? 我们应当在……方面批评……，但这个问题的产生是有更深层次的原因的。 vi. Finally....Second......First..in e/increase nge/declin growth/cha ary extraordin t significan marked dramatic for this reasons causes of variety

a of number a several

different many are T here ??????????????????????????????????????

产生这个显著/非凡增长/变化/下降的原因有很多。一、…… vii. in...t developmen failure success decrease increase change the influence

in result to

lead to contribute for account towards conspire could factors of multitude number A ?????????????????????????????????????????????????? 导致该变化/上升/下降/成功/失败/发展的因素有很多。

viii. of...is...cause factor ry contributo

ng contributi Another ???????????? 产生……的另一个因素是……。

ix. ... is this to ng contributi part a playing Also ?

?????

另一个因素是……。

x. is...reason important most main primary the Perhaps ...is Another another,For ...is reason One thing,one For ?...did do

are Why ?????????????????????????????

??? 为什么……？首先……。其次……。也许最重要/首要的原因是……。

xi. in...decrease increase

rise for the e responsibl chiefly solely mainly partly also is ...??????????????

?????????????? ……是导致……增长/下降的另一个/部分/主要/唯一的原因。

xii. fact... in the found are lie they probably perhaps maybe and profound

d complicate

many varied for...are cause reasons T he ???????????????????????????????????? 产生……的原因是众多的，也许它们存在于这样的事实……之中。

xiii. i for...cause reason root underlying leading T he one. real except the cause reason possible every into look may We ????????

?????????????? 我们可能百密一疏，产生……的根本原因是……。

xiv. factors.many several involves which tendency phenomenon seated -deep d complicate for this reason the give find to job task to simple easy no is It ????????????????????????????????????

产生这个复杂现象/趋势的因素是多样的，要把它们找出来不是一件容易的事情。 2. 后果

i. in...rise change e

undesirabl favorable sweeping marked drastic le considerab a about bing produce cause may It ??????????????????????????????????????

它将导致……的巨大变化/增长。 ii. problems. of set host a create bring

to lead to rise give may It ????????????????????

它将产生一系列问题。

iii. ....on influence

on effect disastrous e undesirabl favorable beneficial le considerab remarkable reaching -far profound deep a produce exercise have exert It will ?????????????

????????????????????????????????????? 它将对……产生深远的/巨大的/有益的/灾难性的影响

iv. es.consequenc pernicious dreadful serious some involve entail bring will T his ????????????????????

这会导致一些严重的/致命的后果。

第三段：提出解决方案

1. People have found many solutions/approaches to dealing with this problem.

人们已经找到了许多解决这个问题的办法。

2. We can figure out many ways to relieve the present crisis.

我们可以想出很多办法来缓解目前的危机。

3. Then, how should we solve this problem? Here are some suggestions, which may be of some

help.

那么，如何来解决这个问题呢？这里有些建议可能会有帮助。

4. Faced with …, we should take a series of effective measures to cope with the situation.

面对……，我们应该采取一系列的措施来应付目前的形势。

5. It is high time that ……. Here are a few examples of some of the measures that might be

taken immediately.

是……的时候了。这里有几个可以马上付诸实施的措施。

6. .trend situation this reverse taken to be should measures effective actions proper that important essential is It ?

????????????????? 为了扭转局势，我们必要采取有效的措施。

7. .helpful beneficial be might but , of issue the to approach solution immediate easy no is There ?

????????????????????? 并没有很容易的方法来解决这个问题，……有可能会有帮助。

8. .on focused to directed be should efforts great le considerab that suggested hoped is It ???

????????????????? （大家）建议我们全力以赴……。

作业：请大家根据自己的喜好制作出一个原因现象阐述类作文的模板。

A Model for reference

Recently, the rise in the phenomenon of …… has captured worldwide attention. A multitude of factors could account for the change in ….For one thing, …For another, ….Perhaps the primary reason is….

…will give rise to a host of problems. First and foremost,...What’s more… In addition, …..

Faced with…, we should take a series of effective measure s to cope with the situation. Firstly, …Secondly,….

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Drunken Driving. You should write 120 or 150 words and you should base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below:

1.醉酒驾车增多的原因

2.醉酒驾车的危害

3.如何减少醉酒驾车

Drunken Driving

Nowadays, the rise in the phenomenon of drunken driving has captured worldwide attention. A multitude of factors could account for the phenomenon. For one thing, the number of private cars is increasing. For another, people have more activities outside than before. Perhaps the primary reason is that people don’t see drunken driving as something dangerous.

However, drunken driving gives rise to a host of problems. First and foremost, drunken driving leads to unforeseen accidents. Furthermore, it causes property damage. What’s more, it may bring about hurt even death.

Faced with the rise of drunken driving, we should take a series of effective measures to cope with the situation. Firstly, we should educate our drivers patiently. Secondly, we should punish drunken drivers severely. Only in these ways can we bring drunken driving under control. (Yan’s)

Nobody could have failed to notice the fact that drunken driving has been a grave problem with which we are confronted. Generally speaking, there are several reasons accounting for this phenomenon. Firstly, recent decades have witnessed the rapid development of people’s living standards. As a result, cars gain ever-increasing

popularity and have found their way into our everyday life. Secondly, people participate in more activities or banquets than ever before, where they will drink liquor. Then, they may get drunk but continue to drive.

Drunken driving is bound to generate severe consequence if we keep turning a blind eye to it. First and foremost, this behavior will directly threaten the safety of drivers, passengers and pedestrians, resulting in traffic accidents, injuries and even deaths. Besides, treating the injured and repairing broken cars mean a grievous waste of money, time and resources. Last but not least, this irresponsible driving will make the road a nightmare, and thus, it will causes serious losses of faith in governments and the society.

In view of the seriousness of this problem, effective measures must be taken before things get worse. First, it is essential that the supervisory role of laws and regulations should be strengthened to punish those performing drunken driving. Secondly, the public, especially drivers, should enhance their awareness of public safety. With stringent laws and alert public, it will only a matter of time for drunken driving to become things of past.

2018春季大学英语四六级作文预测辅导讲义

2018年春季大学英语四六级作文预测第一部分写作的形式 1.字数 2.段落 3.整洁第二部分写作的内容第一节四六级写作核心表达第一段核心表达： 1.生动地vividly 2.描述describe 3.图画/作者/名言/故事picture 4.显示/表明show,suggest 5.越来越多/越来越 6.关注/忽略pay attention to; 7.重要性importance 8.发人深省的 9.反映reflect 10.字幕,主题subtitle;topic 第二段核心表达： 1.现象 2.解释explain 3.如今nowadays 4.信息技术/高科技/文化information technology 5.导致/影响cause;influence 6.尝试try to do sth. 7.传递send 8.推论infer 9.吸引注意attract attention 10.必要性，至关重要，扮演角色

第三段核心表达： 1.采取措施take measures to(moves--immediate moves) 2.加强意识strengthen the awareness(enhance the consciousness) 3.制定法律/规章make laws and rules(legislation and regulation) 4.采取理性态度take a rational attitude(Take an objective attitude is vitally important.对吗？) 5.解决问题solve the problem（address the issue) 6.强调/重视emphasize(attach importance to/place importance on) 7.个人成长personal growth 8.社会发展social development 9.学业职业academic studies and career development 10.经验视野enrich our experience and broaden our horizon 第二节写作核心句法 1.As,which引导的非限 As is()depicted by the cartoon,a couple is(),()rubbish into the lake,with the()showing the()of environmental consciousness,which is () 2.同位语从句与定语从句 The picture()a phenomenon that pollution is becoming increasingly severe. This picture()a phenomenon that is well-known to us all. 3.虚拟语气 It is high time that we should take moves. It is imperative that we(should)take moves. 4.独立主格结构 Tangible is teaching,talking with her students,(). 随着社会的发展：随着问题变得严峻：综上所述： 5.分词与不定式（被动）作后置定语解释问题的原因：环境扮演的角色：要考虑的因素：

文都教育07大学英语四六级讲义_四级写作

文都教育：大学英语四六级讲义——四级写作（下）第四节题型分析在本节中我们将以题型为依据进行分析讲解，以掌握各种题目的写作方法与技巧。下面就按照题型不同，分别进行讨论。一、图表图画题型（）表格和图表题型表格和图表题型是大学英语写作中较为常见的题型之一，也是难度较大的一种写作题型，故大家应对此类题型加强练习，熟练掌握。表格和图表题型写作注意事项 ●仔细研究题目以及提示信息，看准、看清图表中的数字、线条、阴影等部分的变化趋势和走向，然后根据图表所显示的中心信息确定容层次以及主题句。 ●仔细观察分析图表所给出的大量信息，从中选取最重要，最有代表性，最核心的信息，然后根据全文的主旨去组织运用所获取的关键信息,切忌简单地罗列图表所给出的信息。 ●表格和图表题型写作一般采用一般现在时，但如果图表给出了具体时间参照，则应对时态进行相应的调整。 ●表格和图表题型要求考生使用一些固定句型和表达法，大家应对此融会贯通。 ●表格和图表题型可以细分为表格，曲线图、柱形图和圆形图。除了上述共同要点，还应弄懂这四种图在写作方面的各自特点。 ?表格形式要求考生对表格中所给出的大量数字进行比较分析，从中找出其变化规律。 ?曲线图形式要求考生仔细观察坐标系所显示的数据信息，并且密切注意交汇在坐标横轴和纵轴上的数字及单位。 ?柱形图形式要求考生通过宽度相等的柱形的高度或长度差别来判断事物的动态发展趋势，故考生应密切关注坐标线上的刻度单位及图表旁边的提示说明与文字。 ?圆形图形式旨在要求考生准确理解并阐述一个被分割成大小不等切片的圆形图所传达的信息。考生应清楚掌握部分与整体，部分与部分之间的相互关系，这种关系通常是以百分比的数字形式给出的。 ●列出各段的主题句。考生可以根据所给提纲或已知信息列出每段的主题句，为全文的展开铺平道路。 ●严格围绕主题句展开段落。 ●检查与修改。表格与图表写作的检查与修改应着重检查文章中所列举的信息是否与图表所显示的信息一致。表格和图表题型写作中常用的核心句型归纳如下： . ,… . ... . ,... . （ \ \ \ ）... . （\ \ ）…

四六级写作与翻译技巧

写作和翻译：实质就是汉译英：汉译英的障碍就是语法和词汇——语法：语序+嵌套形式最重要！！！高级词汇+复杂局势+过渡衔接字数：120~180 核心语法定语从句： A is …, which can … 身份/属性；成就和功能。爱心：Love is a kind of emotional strength, which can support us no matter how dark the world around us becomes and how hard the way ahead will be. 替换词：friendship; knowledge; family; diligence; insisting; determination; optimism; harmony 替换词：合作精神；勤奋；友谊；家庭；坚持；决心；乐观；和谐——the greatest humanistic spirit …是我们时代的主题（the theme of our era）流行与时尚fashionable 网络：Internet is a kind of great invention in the 20th century, which can make the peoplefar away from each other in distance closer than ever before. 空调：Air-conditioner is a kind of invention in the 20th century, which can make the temperature comfortable. 总结：主题词发出两个动作：性质+能力看到图怎么办？非限定性定语从句——正如这幅第一眼看上去诙谐可笑但第二眼看上去发人深省的图画生动地描述，给我印象最为深刻的显著特征是…… As is vividly depicted in the picture which seems to be humorous and ridiculous but thought-provoking on the second thoughts, the most striking feature that impresses me profoundly is thatSpring, one of the realest men throughout the history of mankind all around the whole world that I have ever seen in my entire life, who is thebest that there ever was and the best that there ever will be, is a good teacher that is momentous and fundamental to anyone who want to win the future what the light is vital and significant to the people who desire to break through the dark，and that can support us to realize our vision and achieve our goals no matter how dark the world around us becomes and how hard the way ahead will be, because without him, we could have done nothing, including dream, success, hope and future. 预测一AHarmoniousDormitoryLife

四六级写作讲义

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