2016 英语语言学期末试题练习 答案

英语语言学练习题

Ⅰ. Matching

Match each of the following terms in Column A with one of the appropriate definitions in

Column B.

Column A

1.displacement 9.interlanguage https://www.wendangku.net/doc/7d7194583.html,ponential analysis

18.motivation https://www.wendangku.net/doc/7d7194583.html,ngue

context 10.

19.11.3.suprasegmental feature arbitrariness blending

20.culture

4.deep structure https://www.wendangku.net/doc/7d7194583.html,petence

21.broad transcription 5.predication analysis learning strategies 13.22.14.6.idiolect morphology selectional restrictions

23.category

15.7.pidgin phrase structure rules

culture diffusion

24. mistakes 8.errors 16.Column B

em of the second language, which is of neither the native language

Learners' independent systA.

nor the second language, but a continuum or approximation from his native language to the

9

target language.

ct on his efforts n

Learner's attitudes and affective state or learning drive, having a strong impaB.21

learning a second language.

The rules that specify the constituents of syntactic categories.23

C.

of

and A culture enter culture B become part of some D.Through communication, elements

24

culture B.

A personal dialect of an individual speaker that combines elements regarding regional, social,

E.6

gender, and age variations.

A special language variety that mixes or blends languages and it is used by people who speak

F.7

different languages for restricted purposes such as trading.

The kind of analysis which involves the breaking down of predications into their constituents-G.5 ---- arguments and predicates.

22

H.They refer to constraints on what lexical items can go with what others.

subcategorization

rule the formed structure by XP in head's the accordance with The I.

The phonemic features that occur above the level of the segments. 3

J.word

internal of The K.study the structure of rule the govern rules and of words, the that

14

formation.

The abstract linguistic system shared by all the members of a speech community. 2

L.the

used can https://www.wendangku.net/doc/7d7194583.html,nguage be immediate from removed contexts refer to to the situations of speaker. It is one of the distinctive features of human language. 1

learning

conscious, N.Learner's based problem-solving and -oriented goalachieve efforts to

10

efficiency.

The total way of life of a people, including the patterns of belief, customs, objects, institutions, O.

techniques, and language that characterizes the life of the human community. 20

18

The common knowledge shared by both the speaker and hearer. P.

Q.The way of word formation by which new words may be formed by combining parts of other words. 19

R.A group of linguistic items which fulfill the same or similar functions in a particular language, such as a sentence, a noun phrase or a verb. 15

S.A way proposed by the structural semanticists to analyze word meaning. This approach believes that the meaning of a word can be dissected into meaning components. 17

T.The ideal user's knowledge of the rules of his language. 12

U.One of the properties of human language. It means that there is no logical connection between meanings and sounds. 11

V.A way to transcribe speech sounds with letter-symbols only. 13

W.They reflect gaps in a learner's knowledge of the target language, not self-corrigible. 16

X.They reflect occasional lapses in performance. 8

Ⅱ.Blank-filling.

Fill in the following blanks with a word, whose initial letter has been given.

1.“A rose by any other name would smell as sweet.”This quotation is a good illustration of the a____ nature of language.Arbitrary

2.The description of a language at some point of time in history is a synchronic study; the description of a language as it changes through time is a d____ study.Diachronic

3.Chomsky defines c____ as the ideal user's knowledge of the rules of his language, and performance

the

actual

realization

of

this

in

linguistic

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/7d7194583.html,petence

4.In the production of vowels the air stream coming from the lungs meets with no o____. This marks the essential difference between vowels and consonants.Obstruction

5.The different phones that can represent a phoneme in different phonetic environments are

called the a____ of the phoneme.Allophone

6.Allophones of the same phoneme cannot occur in the same phonetic environment. They are

said to be in c____ https://www.wendangku.net/doc/7d7194583.html,plementary

7.When pitch, stress and sound length are tied to the sentence rather than the word in isolation, they are collectively known as i____.Intonation

8.The m____ unit of meaning is traditionally called morpheme.Minimum

9.I____ morphemes are bound morphemes that are for the most part purely grammatical markers, signifying such concepts as tense, number, case and so on.Inflectional

10.Phrases that are formed of more than one word usually contain three elements: head, specifier, and c____.Complement

11.Concerning the study of meaning, conceptualist view holds that there is no direct link between a linguistic form and what it refers to; rather, in the interpretation of meaning they

are linked through the mediation of c____ in the mind. concept

12.The sense relation between “animal”and “dog”is called h____. hyponymy

13.P____ refers to the phenomenon that the same word may have a set of different

meanings.Polysemy

14.What essentially distinguishes semantics and pragmatics is whether in the study of meaning

the c____ of use is taken into consideration.Context

15.S____ refers to the linguistic variety characteristic of a particular social class.Sociolect

16.WHO is an a____ derived from the initials of “World Health Organization”.Acronym

17.According to Halliday, language varies as its function varies; it differs in different situations. The type of language which is selected as appropriate to the type of situation is a

r____.Register

18.In cross-cultural communication, some elements of culture A enter culture B and become part

of culture B, thus bringing about the phenomenon of cultural d____.Diffusion

19.While the first language is acquired s____, the second or foreign language is more commonly learned consciously.Subconsciously

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/7d7194583.html,nguage a______ refers to a natural ability for learning a second language.Acquisition

21.Vibration of vocal cords results in a quality of speech sounds called “v”, which is a feature of all vowels and some consonants in English. V oice

22.The phonemic features that occur above the level of the segment are called s____

features.Suprasegmental

23.Morphology refers to the study of the internal structure of words and rules for word

f____.Formation

24.The minimal unit of meaning is traditionally called m____.Morpheme

25.The sense relation between “autumn”and “fall”is called s____.Synonym

26.H____ refers to the phenomenon that words having different meanings have the same form,

i.e. , different words are identical in sound or spelling, or in both.Homonymy

27.In daily communication, people do not always observe the four maxims of the co-operative principle. Conversational i____ would arise when the maxims are flouted.Implicature

28.SARS is an a____ derived from the initials of “Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome”.Acronym

29.I____ is a personal dialect of an individual speaker that combines elements regarding regional, social, gender, and age variations.Idiolect

30.RP, the short form of “R____ Pronunciation”refers to the particular way of pronouncing standard English.Received

Ⅲ.Multiple choice.

Choose the best answer to the following items.

1.____ is considered to be the father of modern linguistics.

A. N. Chomsky

B. F. de Saussure

C. Leonard Bloomfield

D. M. A. K. Halliday

2.In the scope of linguistics, ____ form the part of language which links together the sound pattern and meaning.

A. morphology and syntax

B. phonetics and semantics

C. semantics and syntax

D. morphology and semantics

3.____ studies the sounds from the hearer's point of view, i.e., how the sounds are perceived by the hearer.

A. auditory phonetics

B. acoustic phonetics

C. articulatory phonetics

4.Which of the following words begins with a velar voiced stop? ____

D. dog

C. cock B. boss A. god

5.Which of the following words ends with a dental, voiceless fricative? ____

A. rose

B. wave

C. cloth

D. massage

6.Which of the following words contains a back, open and unrounded vowel? ____

A. god

B. boot

C. walk

D. task

7.Which of the following is Not a velar sound? _____

A. [h]

B. [k]

C. [g]

D. [?]

8.Which of the following is Not a minimal pair?____

A. bat, bite

B. kill, pill

C. peak, pig,

D. meat, seat

9.Which of the following isan open class words?____

A. email

B. but

C. the

D. they

10.The underlined morphemes in the following belong to the inflectional morphemes except

____.

A. paints

B. painter

C. painted

D. painting

11.Which of the following words has more than three morphemes? ____

A. psychophysics

B. boyfriends

C. forefather

D. undesirability

12.The pair of words “dead and alive”is called ____.

A.gradable antonyms

B. relational opposites

C. complementary antonyms

13.Which pair of the following words can be categorized as stylistic synonyms?____

A. torch & flashlight

B. die & decease

C. amaze & astound

D. luggage & baggage

14.X: John has given up smoking.

Y: John used to smoke.

The sense relation between the above sentences is ____

A. X entails Y

B. X presupposes Y

C. X is synonymous with Y

D. X is inconsistent with Y

15.X: My father has been to London.

Y: My father has been to UK.

The sense relation between the above sentences is ____

A. X entails Y

B. X presupposes Y

C. X is synonymous with Y

D. X is inconsistent with Y

16.When we violate any of the maxims of Co-operative Principle, our language might become ____.

A. impolite

B. incorrect

C. indirect

D. unclear

17.According to Searl's classification of speech acts, which of the following is an instance of directives? ____

A.I fire you!

B.Your money or your life!

C.I'm sorry for the mess I have made.

D.I have never seen the man before.

18.Which of the following words is entirely arbitrary?

A. tree

B. crash

C. typewriter

D. bang

19.The word “Kodak”is a(n) ____.

D. acronym

C. clipped word B. coined word A. blend

20.Which of the following words is Not formed by means of clipping?_____

A. memo

B. motel

C. quake

D. gym

21.According to Halliday, mode of discourse refers to the _____ of communication.

A. subject

B. role

C. situation

D. means

22.Which of the following theories of language acquisition believes that language learning is simply a matter of imitation and habit formation? ____.

A.The behaviorist view

B. The innatist view

C. The interactionist view

D. The cognitive theory

23.Which of the following sentences is an example of overgeneralization? ____.

A.Jane told me to give up smoking.

B.Jane asked me to give up smoking.

C.Jane advised me to give up smoking.

D.Jane suggested me to give up smoking.

24.Which of the following hypotheses is put forth by Dr. Krashen? ____.

A.Critical Period Hypothesis

B. Input Hypothesis

C. Language Acquisition Device Hypothesis

D. Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis

25.Who among the following linguists put forward Co-operative Principles?

A.Paul Grice

B. John Searle

C. Krashen

D. Leech

26.Which of the following linguists is the initiator of transformational generative grammar?

A.F. de Saussure

B. N. Chomsky

C. G. Leech

D. M. A. K. Halliday

27.When a ______ comes to be adopted by a population as its primary language and children

learn it as their first language, it becomes.

B.A. creole... pidgin B. pidgin... creole

C.C. regional dialect... sociolect

D. sociolect ... regional dialect

28.____ studies the sounds from the speaker's point of view, i.e., how a speaker uses his speech organs to articulate speech sounds.

A. Auditory phonetics

B. Acoustic phonetics

C. Articulatory phonetics

29.We know the verb “put”requires an NP followed by a PP or Adv. Thus, the process of putting words of the same lexical category into smaller classes according to their syntactic

characteristic is called.

A. categorization

B. subcategorization

C. syntactic categories

D. coordination

30.Which of the following words contains a front, close and unrounded vowel? ____

A. bad

B. bed

C. beat

D. but

31.The underlined morphemes in the following belong to the derivational morphemes except

____.

A. faster

B. writer

C. lovely

D. conversion

32.Which of the following isan open class words?____

A. email

B. but

C. the

D. they

33.The pair of words “borrow and lend”is called ____.

A.gradable antonyms

B. relational opposites

C. complementary antonyms

34.Which pair of the following words can be categorized as collocationalsynonyms?____

B. pretty & handsome A. torch & flashlight

C. amaze & astound

D. luggage & baggage

35.X: My sister will soon be divorced.

Y: My sister is a married woman.

The sense relation between the above sentences is ____

A. X entails Y

B. X presupposes Y

C. X is synonymous with Y

D. X is inconsistent with Y

36.X: John married a blond heiress.

Y: John married a blond.

The sentence relation between X and Y is ____

A. X entails Y

B. X presupposes Y

C. X is synonymous with Y

D. X is contradictory with Y

37.According to Searl's classification of speech acts, which of the following is Not an instance

of directives? ____

A. Open the window!

B. Your money or your life!

C. Would you like to go to the picnic with us?

D. I have never seen the man before.

38.The word “brunch”is a(n) ____.

A. blend

B. coined word

C. clipped word

D. acronym

39.According to Halliday, field of discourse refers to the _____ of communication.

A. subject

B. role

C. situation

D. means

40.There are different types of affixes or morphemes. The affix ed in the word learned is

known as a( n)

A. derivational morpheme

B. free morpheme

C. inflectional morpheme

D. free form

41.Which of the following theories of language acquisition holds that human beings are biologically programmed for language and that the language develops in the child just as

other biological functions such as walking? ____.

A. The behaviorist view

B.The innatist view

C.The interactionist view

D.The cognitive theory

42.The opening between the vocal cords is sometimes referred to as .

A. glottis

B. vocal cavity

C. pharynx

D. uvula

43.Which of the following hypotheses is put forward by Eric Lenneberg? ____.

A. Critical Period Hypothesis

B.Input Hypothesis

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/7d7194583.html,nguage Acquisition Device Hypothesis

D.Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis

44.Morphemes that represent tense, number, gender and case are called ____morpheme.

A. inflectional B .free C. bound D. derivational

45.There are ____ morphemes in the word denationalization?

D. six

C. five B. four A. three

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/7d7194583.html,nguage is

A. instinctive

B. non-instinctive

C. static

D. genetically transmitted

47.Pitch variation is known as ____ when its patterns are imposed on sentences.

A. intonation

B. tone

C. pronunciation

D. voice

48.Which one is different from the others according to manners of articulation?

A.

[z] B.[w] C.[e] D.[v]

49.21. Which one is different from the others according to places of articulation?

A. [n]

B.[m]

C.[b]

D.[p]

50.Which vowel is different from the others according to the characteristics of vowels?

A. [i:]

B. [u]

C.[e]

D.[i]

51.What kind of sounds can we make when the vocal cords are vibrating?

V oiceless B.Voiced A.

C. Glottal stop

D. Consonant

52.When a child uses “mummy”to refer to any woman, most probably his “mummy”means.

A. + Human

B. + Human + Adult

C. + Human + Adult –Male

D. + Human + Adult - Male + Parent

53.The utterance We're already working 25 hours a day, eight days a week. obviously violates

the maxim of ______.

A. quality

B. quantity

C. relation

D. manner

机工英语会话必考朗读篇

机工英语会话必考朗读 篇 集团文件版本号：（M928-T898-M248-WU2669-I2896-DQ586-M1988）

Passage 1(P10) It was Sunday, and the weather was sunny, I went to the countryside with my friends, There were green fields everywhere. We could see farmers working busily in the fields. Some children were playing under the trees. Suddenly, we saw a group of ducks enjoy themselves in the river. So we can ran over happily, but the ducks were frightened by the noise of us and hurried off. We all laughed. We were having a wonderful time and didn’t go home until very late. What a wonderful day we had! Passage 2(P10) I’m sorry to hear that you are not very well and feel unhappy. Here is my advice about how to keep healthy. A balanced diet can help you to eat a lot of vegetables, fruit and drink milk every day. And you should do more exercise, such as playing ball games, running, swimming and so on. Good food and exercise will be helpful. You also need enough sleep. It’s really important. What’s more, keep yourself happy. Try to smile everyday. I hope you will be better and enjoy your life. Passage 3(P10) I had a pleasant day last month. In the morning, I got up late and then began to do my homework. It took me about two

全国2016年10月03708《中国近代史纲要》历年真题及答案【带解析】

2016年10月《中国近现代史纲要》真题 一、单项选择题 本大题共25小题，每小题2分，共50分在每小题列出的四个备选项中只有一个最符合题目要求的，请将其选出。错选、多选或未选均无分。 1.旧民主主义革命时期，中国反侵略斗争失败的最根本原因是（）。 A．社会制度腐败 B．经济技术落后 C．思想文化保守 D．军事装备落后 【答案】A 【解析】自1840年至1919年，中国人民为反对外来侵略进行了英勇斗争，但都失败了，究其原因：一是社会制度的腐败，二是经济技术的落后，而前者是最根本的原因。 【考点】反侵略斗争的失败和民族意识的觉醒 2.1853年，太平天国颁布的纲领性文件是（）。 A．《原道觉世训》 B．《十款天条》 C．《天朝田亩制度》 D．《资政新篇》 【答案】C 【解析】《天朝田亩制度》颁布于1853年冬，是最能体现太平天国社会理想和这次农民战争特点的纲领性文件。 【考点】太平天国农民战争 3.19世纪90年代，梁启超宣传变法维新主张的著作是（）。 A．《新学伪经考》 B．《仁学》 C．《人类公理》 D．《变法通义》 【答案】D 【解析】A《新学伪经考》，C《人类公理》为康有为作品；B谭嗣同写了《仁学》；D梁启超写了《变法通义》。 【考点】戊戌维新运动的兴起 4.在中国近代史上，资产阶级思想与封建主义思想的第一次正面交锋是（）。A．洋务派与顽固派的论战 B．洋务派与维新派的论战 C．维新派与守旧派的论战 D．革命派与改良派的论战

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2014年秋航空专业期末考试《英语》试题 1、考试时间：90分钟，满分100分。 2、请首先按要求在试卷标封处填写您的班级、姓名、学号。 3、请仔细阅读各种题目的回答要求，在规定位置填写答案。 ⅠChoose the best answer. (共15分，每题1分) 1.--- Hello, this is Baosheng Booking Office. May I help you. ----Yes, I want ___ tickets from Beijing to Shang. A. book B. books C. booking D. to book 2. Which class would you prefer? ___,please. A. Next Wednesday B. Two C. Business class D. Ok 3. Thank you for _______Baosheng. A. to call B. calling C. call D. called 4.Could you please arrange it ___ me？ A. to B. from C. of D. for 5. You should____ two hours before the departure time. A. check B. check out C. check in D. checking 6. Please put them___ the conveyor belt. A. up B. on C. off D. down 7. Please give me an aisle seat if it's not____ trouble. A. too much B. too many C. much too D. many 8. I want to know how many pieces of luggage i can carry___ the plane. A. on B. onto C. in D. into 9. Your ticket ______to china Eastern Airlines A. belong to B. belong C. belongs to D. is to 10. Do you have any luggage to check in? A. much B. many C. any D. some 11. It___ at 10:00 in the morning and ____ in at 2:00 in the afternoon. A. leave ; arrives B. leaves; arrive C. leave; arrive D. leaves; arrives 12. Thank you for________. A. wait B. waiting C. to wait D. waited 13. This is electronic ticket, you can change____ boarding check on the left. A. to B. in C. into D. of 14. Here is your ticket, passport _______your boarding pass. A. include B. except C. besides D. including 15. You can board your flight _____Gate 26 A. at B. in C. on D. of Ⅱ.(1) Put the following words into Chinese or English. （共10分，每题1分） 1.安全检查 ____________________________ 2.除此之外_______________________________ 3.接待员＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ ４.直达航班＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ ５.国内航班＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ ６business class____________________________ 7. high season__________________ 8.inquiry _________________________ https://www.wendangku.net/doc/7d7194583.html,plicated ________________________ 10.transport __________________________ (2) Put the following sentences into English or Chinese. （共20分，每题2分） 1.请问我能问你个在这儿办理登记手续吗？ 2.您的行李体积是90×50×48cm. 3.请问您的姓名和电话号码是? 4. 请问您的姓名和电话号码？ 5. 没有直达航班，但我们能为您安排很好的衔接航班。 1 / 4