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高级英语第三版第二册张汉熙1-4单元课后题及问题详解

Lesson One

1.And it is an activity only of humans.

And conversation is an activity found only among human beings.

2.Conversation is not for making a point.

Conversation is not for persuading others to accept our ideas or points of views.

3.In fact, the best conversationalists are those who are prepared to lose.

In fact , people who are good at conversation will not argue to win or force others to accept his ideas.

4.Bar friends are not deeply involved in each other’s lives.

People who meet each other for a drink in the bar of a pub are not close friends for they are not deeply absorbed in each other’s private lives.

5.....it could still go ignorantly on ...

The conversation could go on without anybody knowing who was right or wrong.

6.There are cattle in the fields ,but we sit down to beef.

These animals are called cattle when they are alive and feed in the fields , but when we sit down at the table to eat, we call their meet beef.

7.The new ruling class had built a cultural barrier against him by building their French against

his own language.

The new ruling class by using French instead of English made it hard for the English to accept or absorb the culture of the rulers.

8.English had come royally into its own.

English received proper recognition and was used by the King once more.

9.The phrase has always been used a little pejoratively and even facetiously by the lower

classes.

The phrase , the King’s English ,has always been used disrespectfully and jokingly by the lower classes.(The working people often mock the proper and formal language of the educated people.)

10.The rebellion against a cultural dominance is still there.

As the early Saxon peasants , the working people still have a spirit of opposition to the cultural authority of the ruling class.

11.There is always a great danger that “ words will harden into things for us. “

There is always a great danger , as Carlyle put it , that we might forget that words are only symbols and take them for things they are supposed to represent.

Translation

a.However intricate the ways in which animals communicate with each other, they do not indulge

in anything that deserves the name of conversation.

不管动物之间的交流方式多么复杂，它们不能参与到称得上是交谈的任何活动中。

b.Argument may often be a part of it, but the purpose of the argument is not to convince. There

is no winning in conversation.

争论会经常出现于交谈中，但争论的目的不是为了说服。交谈中没有胜负之说。

c.Perhaps it is because of my upbringing in English pubs that I think bar conversation has

a charm of its own.

或许我从小就混迹于英国酒吧缘故，我认为酒吧里的闲聊别有韵味。

d.I do not remember what made one of our companions say it ---she clearly had not come into

the bar to say it , it was not something that was pressing on her mind---but her remark fell quite naturally into the talk.

我不记得是什么使得我的一个同伴说起它来的---她显然不是来酒吧说这个的，这不是她事先想好的话题----但她的话相当自然地插入到了交谈中。

e.There is always resistance in the lower classes to any attempt by an upper class to lay down

rules for “English as it should be spoken .”

下层社会总会抵制上层社会企图给“标准英语”制定得规则。

f.Words are not themselves a reality ,but only representations of it ,and the King’s

English ,like the Anglo-French of the Normans , is a class representation of reality.

词语本身并不是现实。正如诺曼底人讲的英格鲁--法语一样，标准英语是一个阶层用来表达现实的形式。

g.Perhaps it is worth trying to speak it, but it should not be laid down as an edict , and

made immune to change from below.

或许试着去说它还是值得的，但是它不能被制定成法令，从而拒绝来自下层的变化。

h.There is no worse conversationalist than the one who punctuates his words as he speaks as

if he were writing , or even who tries to use words as if he were composing a piece of prose for print.

如果一个人说出的话就像写出来的文字，或者试图使用那些创作书面散文的文字，那么没有比这样的交谈者更糟糕的了。

i.When E.M. Forster writes of “ the sinister corridor of our age,” we sit up at the vividness

of the phrase , the force and even terror in the image.

当E.M.福斯特写到“我们这个时代的险恶长廊”时，其用语之生动及由其所产生的生动有力，甚至可怖的形象苦令我们拍案叫绝。

j.There would have been no conversation the other evening if we had been able to settle at once the meeting of “ the King’s English.”

那天晚上如果我们立刻解决了“标准英语”的含义，就不会有第二天晚上的谈话了。

Lesson Two

1.The burying-ground is merely a huge waste of hummocky earth, like a derelict building-lot. The buring-ground is nothing more than a huge piece of wasteland full of mounds of earth looking like a deserted and abandoned piece of land on which a building was going to be put up.

2. All colonial empires are in reality founded upon that fact.

All the imperialists build up their empires by treating the people in the colonies like animals (by not treating the people in the colonies as human beings).

3. They rise out of the earth, they sweat and starve for a few years, and then they sink back into the nameless mounds of the graveyard.

They are born. Then for a few years they work, toil and starve. Finally they die and are buried in graves without a name.

4. A carpenter sits cross-legged at a prehistoric lathe, turning chair-legs at lightning speed. Sitting with his legs crossed and using a very old-fashioned lathe, a carpenter quickly gives

a round shape to the chair-legs he is making.

5. Instantly, from the dark holes all round, there was a frenzied rush of Jews .

Immediately from their dark hole-like cells everywhere a great number of Jews rushed out wildly excited.

6. every one of them looks on a cigarette as a more or less impossible luxury

Every one of these poor Jews looked on the cigarette as a piece of luxury which they could not possibly afford.

7. Still, a white skin is always fairly conspicuous.

However, a white-skinned European is always quite noticeable.

8. In a tropical landscape one's eye takes in everything except the human beings.

If you take a look at the natural scenery in a tropical region, you see everything but the human beings.

9. No one would think of running cheap trips to the Distressed Areas.

No one would think of organizing cheap trips for the tourists to visit the poor slum areas

10. for nine-tenths of the people the reality of life is an endless, backbreaking struggle to wring a little food out of an eroded soil.

Life is very hard for ninety percent of the people．With hard backbreaking toil they can produce

a little food on the poor soil．

11. She accepted her status as an old woman, that is to say as a beast of burden.

She took it for granted that as an old woman she was the lowest in the community，that。she was only fit for doing heavy work like an animal．

12. People with brown skins are next door to invisible.

People with brown skins are almost invisible．

13. Their splendid bodies were hidden in reach-me-down khaki uniforms.

The Senegales soldiers were wearing ready—made khaki uniforms which hid their beautiful well —built bodies．

14. How long before they turn their guns in the other direction?

How much longer before they turn their guns around and attack us?。

15. Every white man there had this thought stowed somewhere or other in his mind.

Every white man there had this thought hidden somewhere or other in his mind．

●When you walk through a town like this - two hundred thousand inhabitants of whom at least

twenty thousand own literally nothing except the rags they stand up in - when you see how the people live, and still more how easily they die, it is always difficult to believe that you are walking among human beings.

当你穿行于这样的城镇中—20万居民中至少有2万人除了一身勉强蔽体的破衣烂衫外，一无所有——当你看到这些人是如何生活，又如何轻易死亡时，你总是很难相信自己是行走在人类之中。

●When you go through the Jewish quarters you gather some idea of what the medieval ghettoes

were probably like.

当你穿过犹太人聚居区时，你就会了解中世纪的贫民区大概是个什么样子。

●Many of the streets are a good deal less than six feet wide, the houses are completely

windowless, and sore-eyed children cluster everywhere i unbelievable numbers, like clouds of flies.

很多街道远远不足6英尺宽，房屋根本没有窗户，眼睛肿痛的孩子成群结队，随处可见，像成群的苍蝇，数也数不清。

●Even a blind man somewhere at the back of one of the booths heard a rumour of cigarettes

and came crawling out, groping in the air with his hand.

甚至在后面的窝棚里的一个盲人听到要烟的吵嚷声也爬了出来，伸手在空中乱摸。

● 5.Ah, that’s only for show! They’re all money lenders really.

噢！那只不过是装样子罢了。实际上他们都是些放贷获利的人。

● 6.In just the same way, a couple of hundred years ago, poor old women used to be burned for

witchcraft when they could not even work enough magic to get themselves a square meal. 颇为相似的是，几百年前，有些可怜的老妇人常常被当成巫婆活活烧死，但事实上她们连为自己变出一顿像样的饭菜的巫术都没有。

●7.It takes in the dried-up soil, the prickly pear, the palm tree and the distant mountain,

but it always misses the peasant hoeing at his patch.

那干巴巴的土地，仙人掌，棕榈树和远方的山岭被尽收眼底，但在地里耕作的农民却往往没人看见。

●8.Most of Morocco is so desolate that no wild animal bigger than a hare can live on it. 摩洛哥大部分土地都很荒凉，以至于那里生存的最大的野生动物就是野兔。

●9.Except for a day or two after the rare rainstorms there is never enough water.

除了难得的暴雨之后的一两天之外，这里总是缺水。

●10.It seems to be generally the case in primitive communities that the women, when they get

beyond a certain age, shrink to the size of children.

在原始社会里，妇女超过了一定的年纪身材便会萎缩得如孩子般大小，这似乎是一个普遍现象。

Lesson Three

1.And yet the same revolutionary belief for which our forebears fought is still at issue around

the globe....

Our ancestors fought a revolutionary war to claim all men were created equal and God had endowed them with certain unalienable rights which no state or ruler could take away from them. However ,today this issue has not yet been settled in many countries around the world .

2.This much we pledge--- and more.

This much we promise to do and we promise to do more.

3.United, there is little we cannot do in a host of cooperative ventures.

United and working together we can accomplish a lot of things in a large number of joint undertakings.

4.....our last best hope in an age where the instruments of war have far outpaced the instruments

of peace...

The United Nations is our last and best hope of survival in an age where the instruments of war have far surpassed the instruments of peace.

5....to enlarge the area in which its writ may run.

We pledge to help the United Nations enlarge the area in which its authority and mandate would continue to be in force.

6.....before the dark powers of destruction unleashed by science engulf all humanity in planned

or accidental self-destruction.

Before the terrible forces of destruction, which atomic bombs can now release,overwhelm mankind, which may be planned or brought about by an accident

7.....yet both racing to alter that uncertain balance of terror that stays the band of mankind’

s final war.

Yet both groups of nations are attempting to change as quickly as possible this uncertain balance of terrible military power that restrains each group from launching mankind;s final war.

8.So let us begin anew, remembering on both sides that civility is not a sign of weakness... So let us start once again , bearing in mind that being polite is not a sign of weakness.

9.Let both sides seek to invoke the wonders of science instead of its terrors.

Let both sides try to call forth the wonderful things that science can do for mankind instead of the frightful things it can do.

10.....each generation of Americans has been summoned to give testimony to its national loyalty. Americans of every generation have been called upon to prove their loyalty to their country by frighting and dying for their country’s cause.

11.With a good conscience our only sure reward, with history the final judge of our deeds, let

us go forth to lead the land we love...

Let us lead the country we love , knowing our sure reward will be a good conscience and history will finally judge whether we have done our task well or not.

●We observe today not a victory of party but a celebration of freedom, symbolizing an end

as well as a beginning , signifying renewal as well as change.

我们今天庆祝的不是一个政党的胜利，而是一个自由的盛会，它代表这一个时代的结束和另一个时代的开端，它代表着重生和改变。

●Let the word go forth from this time and place , to friend and foe alike, that the torch

has been passed to a new generation of Americans, born in this century,tempered by war, disciplined by a hard and bitter peace, proud of our ancient heritage, and unwilling to witness or permit the slow undoing of these human rights to which this nation has always been committed , and to which we are committed today at home and around the world.

此时此地我向朋友和敌人宣布：火炬已经传递给了新一代的美国人，他们出生于本世纪，经受过战争的洗礼，受过冷峻而苦涩的和平的考验，以我们的古代遗产为傲，不愿意见到或者允许这些人权被逐渐取消。这个国家一直致力于维护这些人权，如今我们在国内和全世界也在维护这些人权。

●Let every nation know, whether it wishes us well or ill, that we shall pay any price , bear

any burden, meet any hardship , support any friend, oppose any foe to assure the survival and the success of liberty.

让世界上每一个希望我们成功或窘迫的国家知道：我们将不惜任何代价，承担任何责任，应对任何艰难，支持一切朋友，反对一切敌人，以确保自由的幸存和成功。

●United , there is little we cannot do in a host of cooperative ventures.

只要我们团结起来，我们将在大量的合作型事业中战无不胜。

●Divided, there is little we can do ,for we dare not meet a powerful challenge at odds and

split asunder.

如果分裂开来，我们将一事无成，因为我们不能在争执中去应对巨大的挑战，我们的关系会崩裂。

●If a free society cannot help the many who are poor, it cannot save the few who are rich. 如果自由的社会不能帮助多数穷人，它就不能拯救少数的富人。

●We dare not tempt them with weakness. For only when our arms are sufficient beyond doubt

can we be certain beyond doubt that they will never be employed.

我们不敢以软弱来诱惑它们。因为只有当我们的军备力量无疑是非常充足的时候，我们才能确保不会使用武力。

●In your hands, my fellow citizens, more than mine,will rest the final success or failure

of our course.

我们的同胞们，我们事业成败的关键与其说掌握在我的手中，不如说掌握在你们的手中。

●Now the trumpet summons us again----not as a call to bear arms, though arms we need; not

as a call to battle , though embattled we are; but a call to bear the burden of a long twilight struggle , year in and year out , “rejoicing in hope , patient in tribulation,” a struggle against the common enemies of man: tyranny , poverty disease and war itself.

现在号角再次向我们吹响----不是号召我们扛起武器，虽然我们需要武器；不是号召我们去参加战斗，虽然我们严阵以待；而是号召我们为迎接黎明而肩负起漫长斗争的责任，年复一年，”从希望中得到欢乐，在苦难中保持坚韧“，去反对人类共同的敌人：专制、贫困、疾病和战争本身

●With a good conscience our only sure reward, with history the final judge of our deeds,let

us go forth to lead the land we love , asking His blessing and His help, but knowing that here on earth God’s work must truly be our own.

良心是我们唯一可靠的报酬，历史是我们行为的最终裁判，让我们出发去领导我们所热爱的国家，祈求上帝的祝福和帮助，但是要明白上帝在人间的工作毕竟就是我们自己的工作。

Lesson Four

1. A nice enough young fellow, you understand ,but nothing upstairs.

He is a nice enough young fellow,you know , but he is empty-headed.

2.Fads, I submit, are the very negation of reason.

A passing fashion or craze ,in my opinion, shows a complete lack of reason.

3.I should have known they’d come back when the Charleston came back.

I should have known that raccoon coats would come back to fashion when the Charleston dance, which was popular in the 1920s,came back.

4.“All the Big Men on Campus are wearing them. Where ‘ve you been?”

All the important and fashionable men on campus are wearing them. How come you don’t know?

5.My brain , that precision instrument, slipped into high gear.

My brain, which is precision instrument, began to work at high speed.

6.With one omission, Polly fitted these specifications perfectly.

Except for one thing(intelligence)Polly had all the other requirements.

7.She was not yet of pin-up proportions, but I felt sure that time would supply the lack. She was not as beautiful as those girls in posters but I felt sure she would become beautiful enough after some time.

8.In fact, she veered in the opposite direction.

In fact, she went in the opposite direction,that is , she was not intelligent but rather stupid.

9.“ In other words ,if you were out of the picture,the field would be open. Is that right?”If you were no longer involved with her, others would be free to compete to get her as a girlfriend.

10.Back and forth his head swiveled , desire waxing, resolution waning.

His head turned back and forth (looking at the coat and then looking away from the coat). Every time he looked his desire for the coat grew stronger and his resolution not to abandon Polly became weaker.

11.This loomed as a project of no small dimensions...

To teach her to think seemed to be a rather big task.

12.Admittedly it was not a prospect fraught with hope ,but I decided to give it one more try.

One must admit the outcome did not look very hopeful, but I decided to try one more time. 13.There is a limit to what flesh and blood can bear.

There is a limit to what any human being can bear .

14.I was not Pygmalion; I was Frankenstein , and my monster had me by the throat.

I planned to be Pygmalion, to fashion an ideal wife for myself, but I turned out to be Frankenstein because Polly ultimately rejected me and ruined my plan.

15.Frantically I fought back the tide of panic surging through me .

Desperately I tried to stop the feeling of panic which was overwhelming me.

●My brain was as powerful as a dynamo, as precise as chemist’s scales. As penetrating as

a scalpel.

●我的大脑如发电机一样强大，像化学家的平一样精确，像手术刀一样锋利。

●To be swept up in every new craze that comes along, to surrender yourself to idiocy just

because everybody else is doing it---this , to me , is the acme od mindlessness.

被卷入每一股新来的时尚之中，因为其他人都是这样做，自己也进去傻干---这对于我而言，简直就是愚蠢至极。

●Let me emphasize that my desire for this young woman was not emotional in nature.

我强调一下我渴望得到这个妙龄少女不是情感的驱动使然。

●It is , after all, easier to make a beautiful dumb girl smart than to make an ugly smart

girl beautiful.

毕竟，与使这个丑陋而聪明的女孩变漂亮相比，使一个美丽的愚笨的女孩变得聪明要容易得多。

●He was a torn man, First he looked at the coat with the expression of a waif at a bakery

window. Then he turned away and set his jaw resolutely.

他神情不安。先是带着面包店橱窗旁边的流浪儿的那种神情盯着大衣。然后转过头，坚定地咬紧牙关。

●Maybe somewhere is the extinct crater of her mind , a few embers still smoldered.

说不定她头脑中死火山口某处还有闷燃的余烬。

●After all, surgeons have X-rays to guide them during an operation, lawyers have briefs, to

guide them during a trial, carpenters have blueprints to guide them when they are building

a house.

毕竟，外科医生在做手术时有X 光线作为指导，律师在审判时有辩护状作为指导，木匠在建造房子的时候有蓝图作为指导。

●If Madame Curie had not happened to leave a photographic plate in a drawer with a chunk of

pitch blend,the world today would not know about radium.

如果居里夫人没有把一张相片底片放在装有沥青铀矿的抽屉了，今天的世人就不会知道镭了。

●Suddenly, a glimmer of intelligence ----the first I had seen--- came into her eyes.

突然，一道智慧的灵光----第一次看见---在她的眼中闪现。

●Heartened by the knowledge that Polly was not altogether a cretin,I begin a long, patient

review of all I had told her.

知道波利并不完全是个白痴，我感到很振奋，于是我开始把给她讲过的一切时间、耐心地复习了一遍。

(完整版)高级英语第三版第二册张汉熙1-4单元课后题及答案

大学英语三课后习题翻译及答案

Unit 1 From her accent I guess she’s from the Northeast. 从她的口音我猜她是来自东北地区的。 It was very clever of her to turn his argument against himself. 她很聪明，使他对自己的论点 I found a couple of shoes under the bed but they don’t make a pair. 我在床下发现了一双鞋，但他们不做一双 4. Dr. Bright always takes his time as he examines his patients and treats them with extreme care. Bright博士总是把他的时间用于他检查他的病人，并把他们的极端护理 5. British companies are trying to avoid the fate their American counterparts have already suffered. 英国公司正试图避免他们的美国同行已经遭受的命运。 6. Wilfred’s remarks confirmed me in my opinion that he was an honorable young man. 威尔弗雷德的话证实了我在我看来，他是一个光荣的年轻人 7. The key witness for the prosecution was offered police protection after she received death threats. 检察机关的主要证人在收到死亡威胁后提供了警方的保护 8. I thought that was the end of the matter but subsequent events proved me wrong. 我认为这是事情的结束，但随后的事件证明我错了。 9. Having practiced for so long, the New York baseball team stands a chance winning the World Series this year. 经过这么长时间的练习，纽约棒球队赢得了今年的世界系列赛的机会。 10. At the trial , Bob’s teacher, who was called as a character witness, said he was a quiet boy who had never been in trouble before. 在审讯中，鲍伯的老师，被称为证人，说他是个安静的男孩以前从未惹过麻烦。 Unit 2 11. We’ve just had a very fruitful meeting with the management and we’re now much more hopeful about the pay rise. 我们刚刚与管理层有了一个非常富有成效的会议，我们现在对加薪的希望更大了 12. The book I’m reading explains the evolution of plant and animal life on earth. 我读的这本书解释了地球上动植物的进化

高级英语第三版,张汉熙主编,paraphrase

U n i t2M a r r a k e c h 1. The burying-ground is merely a huge waste of hummocky earth, like a derelict building-lot. The burying-ground is just a huge piece of wasteland full of mounds of earth looking like a deserted and abandoned construction site. 2. All colonial empires are in reality founded upon that fact. All the imperialists build up their empires by treating the people in the colonies like animals. 3. They rise out of the earth, they sweat and starve for a few years, and then they sink back into the nameless mounds of the graveyard. They are born. Then for a few years they work, toil and starve. Finally they die and are buried in graves without a name, and nobody notices that they are dead. 4. A carpenter sits cross-legged at a prehistoric lathe, turning chair-legs at lightning speed. Sitting with his legs crossed and using a very old-fashioned lathe, a carpenter quickly gives a round shape to the chair-legs he is making.

张汉熙《高级英语(1)》(第3版重排版)学习指南-Lesson 9 “A More Perfect

Lesson 9 “A More Perfect Union” (Part Ⅰ) 一、词汇短语 1. improbable adj. not likely to be true or to happen不可能的 2. persecution n. the state of treating someone cruelly or unfairly over a period of time, especially because of their religious or political beliefs 迫害 3. stalemate n. a situation in which it seems impossible to settle an argument or disagreement, and neither side can get an advantage 僵局，僵持 4. embed v. to fix something firmly into a substance or solid object 使插入，使嵌入 5. parchment n. a substance made from animal skin, used in the past for writing on; a document, manuscript, or diploma on parchment （用于书写正式文件的）仿羊皮纸；毕业文凭 6. obligation n. the state of being forced to do something because it is your duty, or because of a law, etc.义务，职责，债务 7. unyielding adj. if a person is unyielding, they are not easily influenced and they are unlikely to change their mind坚强的，不屈的，执着的

全新版大学英语3(第二版)综合教程学生用书课后习题答案

Vocabulary I. 1. 1)on balance 5)illustrated9)involved 2)resist 6)budget 10)economic 3)haul 7)lowering11)blasting 4)wicked 8)boundary12)just about 2. 1)cut back/ down2)pick up 3)get by 4)get through 5)face up to 6)turn in 7)making up for8)think up 3. 1) pursued his mathematical studies and taught himself astronomy 2) often generate misleading thoughts 3) attach great importance to combining theory with practice in our work 4) be suspected of doing everything for money 5) before he gets through life 4. 1) their indoor, a profit, to invest in 2) device, the improvement, on a global scale 3) stacked, temptation, never dined out II Confusable Words 1. 1) house 2) Home 3) home, family 4) household 2. 1) doubt 2) suspect 3) doubted 4) suspected 5) suspect III. Word Formation 1)rise2)final3)regular4)cash5)hows, whys 6)upped7)yellowed8)bottled9)lower10)search Comprehensive Exercises I. Cloze 1. Text-related 1)get by2)temptation3)get through4)improvements 5)aside from6)suspect7)supplement8)profit

(完整版)高级英语2第三版_张汉熙_课文翻译

Unit 1 Pub Talk and the King’s English 人类的一切活动中，只有闲谈最宜于增进友谊，而且是人类特有的一种活动。动物之间的信息交流，不论其方式何等复杂，也是称不上交谈的。闲谈的引人人胜之处就在于它没有一个事先定好的话题。它时而迂回流淌，时而奔腾起伏，时而火花四射，时而热情洋溢，话题最终会扯到什么地方去谁也拿不准。要是有人觉得“有些话要说”，那定会大煞风景，使闲聊无趣。闲聊不是为了进行争论。闲聊中常常会有争论，不过其目的并不是为了说服对方。闲聊之中是不存在什么输赢胜负的。事实上，真正善于闲聊的人往往是随时准备让步的。也许他们偶然间会觉得该把自己最得意的奇闻轶事选出一件插进来讲一讲，但一转眼大家已谈到别处去了，插话的机会随之而失，他们也就听之任之。或许是由于我从小混迹于英国小酒馆的缘故吧，我觉得酒瞎里的闲聊别有韵味。酒馆里的朋友对别人的生活毫无了解，他们只是临时凑到一起来的，彼此并无深交。他们之中也许有人面临婚因破裂，或恋爱失败，或碰到别的什么不顺心的事儿，但别人根本不管这些。他们就像大仲马笔下的三个火枪手一样，虽然日夕相处，却从不过问彼此的私事，也不去揣摸别人内心的秘密。有一天晚上的情形正是这样。人们正漫无边际地东扯西拉，从最普通的凡人俗事谈到有关木星的科学趣闻。谈了半天也没有一个中心话题，事实上也不需要有一个中心话题。可突然间大伙儿的话题都集中到了一处，中心话题奇迹般地出现了。我记不起她那句话是在什么情况下说出来的——她显然不是预先想好把那句话带到酒馆里来说的，那也不是什么非说不可的要紧话——我只知道她那句话是随着大伙儿的话题十分自然地脱口而出的。 “几天前，我听到一个人说‘标准英语’这个词语是带贬义的批评用语，指的是人们应该尽量避免使用的英语。” 此语一出，谈话立即热烈起来。有人赞成，也有人怒斥，还有人则不以为然。最后，当然少不了要像处理所有这种场合下的意见分歧一样，由大家说定次日一早去查证一下。于是，问题便解决了。不过，酒馆闲聊并不需要解决什么问题，大伙儿仍旧可以糊里糊涂地继续闲扯下去。告诉她“标准英语”应作那种解释的原来是个澳大利亚人。得悉此情，有些人便说起刻薄话来了，说什么囚犯的子孙这样说倒也不足为怪。这样，在五分钟内，大家便像到澳大利亚游览了一趟。在那样的社会里，“标准英语”自然是不受欢迎的。每当上流社会想给“规范英语”制订一些条条框框时，总会遭到下层人民的抵制。看看撒克逊农民与征服他们的诺曼底统治者之间的语言隔阂吧。于是话题又从19世纪的澳大利亚囚犯转到12世纪的英国农民。谁对谁错，并没有关系。闲聊依旧热火朝天。有人举出了一个人所共知，但仍值得提出来发人深思的例子。我们谈到饭桌上的肉食时用法语词，而谈到提供这些肉食的牲畜时则用盎格鲁一撒克逊词。猪圈里的活猪叫pig，饭桌上吃的猪肉便成了pork(来自法语pore)；地里放牧着的牛叫cattle，席上吃的牛肉则叫beef(来自法语boeuf)；Chicken用作肉食时变成poultry(来自法语poulet)；calf加工成肉则变成veal(来自法语vcau)。即便我们的菜单没有为了装洋耍派头而写成法语，我们所用的英语仍然是诺曼底式的英语。这一切向我们昭示了诺曼底人征服之后英国文化上所存在的深刻的阶级裂痕。撒克逊农民种地养畜，自己出产的肉自己却吃不起，全都送上了诺曼底人的餐桌。农民们只能吃到在地里乱窜的兔子。兔子肉因为便宜，诺曼底贵族自然不屑去吃它。因此，活兔子和吃的兔子肉共用rabbit 这个词表示，而没有换成由法语lapin转化而来的某个词。当我们今天听着有关双语教育问题的争论时，我们应该设身处地替当时的撒克逊农民想一想，新的统治阶级把法语用来对抗撒克逊农民自己的语言，从而在农民周围筑起一道文化障碍。当英国人在像觉醒者赫里沃德这样的撒克逊领袖领导下起来造反时，他们一定深深地感受到了文化上的屈辱。“标准英语”——如果那时候有这个名词的话——已经变成法语。而九百年后我们在美国这儿仍然继承了这种影响。那晚闲聊过后，第二天一早便有人去查阅了资料。这个名词在16世纪已有人使用过。纳什作于1593年的《截获信函奇闻》中就有过“标准英语”(Queen’s English)的提法。1602年德克写到某人时有句话说：

高级英语-张汉熙版 paraphrase

UNIT1 Face to Face with Hurricane Camille 1. We're elevated 23 feet. (para 3) We' re 23 feet above sea level. 2. The place has been here since 1915, and no hurricane has ever bothered it. (para 3) The house has been here since 1915, and no hurricane has ever caused any damage to it. 3. We can batten down and ride it out. (para 4) We can make the necessary preparations and survive the hurricane without much damage. 4. The generator was doused, and the lights went out. (para 9) Water got into the generator and put it out. It stopped producing electricity, so the lights also went out. 5. Everybody out the back door to the cars! (para 10) Everybody go out through the back door and run to the cars. 6. The electrical systems had been killed by water. (para 11) The electrical systems in the car had been put out by water. 7. John watched the water lap at the steps, and felt a crushing guilt. (para 17) As John watched the water inch its way up the steps, he felt a strong sense of guilt because he blamed himself for endangering the whole family by deciding not to flee inland. 8. Get us through this mess, will Y ou? (para 17) Oh God, please help us to get through this storm safely. 9. She carried on alone for a few bars; then her voice trailed away. (para 21) Grandmother Koshak sang a few words alone and then her voice gradually grew dimmer and stopped. 10. Janis had just one delayed reaction. (para 34) Janis displayed rather late the exhaustion brought about by the nervous tension caused by the hurricane. UNIT 4Inaugural Address 1. And yet the same revolutionary beliet for which our forebears fought is still at issue around the globe (para 2) Our ancestors fought a revolutionary war to maintain that all men were created equal and God had given them certain unalienable rights which no state or ruler could take away from them. But today this issue has not yet been decided in many countries around the world. 2. This much we pledge--and more. (para 5) This much we promise to do and we promise to do more. 3. United, there is little we cannot do in a host of cooperative ventures. (para 5) United and working together we can accomplish a lot of things in a great number of joint undertakings. 4. But this peaceful revolution of hope cannot become the prey of hostile powers. (para 9) We will not allow any enemy country to subvert this peaceful revolution which brings hope of progress to all our countries. 5. our last best hope in an age where the instruments of war have far outpaced the instruments of peace (para 10) The United Nations is our last and best hope of survival in an age where the instruments of war have far surpassed the instruments of peace. 6. to enlarge the area in which its writ may run (para 10) We pledge to help the United Nations enlarge the area in which its authority and mandate would continue to be in effect or in force. 7. before the dark powers of destruction unleashed by science engulf all humanity in planned or accidental

高级英语-1-答案-(外研社;第三版;张汉熙主编)

第一课Face to face with Hurricane Camille Translation (C-E) 1. Each and every plane must be checked out thoroughly before taking off. 每架飞机起飞之前必须经过严格的检查。 2. The residents were firmly opposed to the construction of a waste incineration plant in their neighborhood because they were deeply concerned about the plant’s emissions polluting the air.居民坚决反对在附近建立垃圾焚烧厂，因为他们担心工厂排放的气体会污染周围的空气。 3. Investment in ecological projects in this area mounted up to billions of Yuan. 在这个地区，生态工程的投资额高达数十亿元。 4. The dry riverbed was strewn with rocks of all sizes.干枯的河道里布满了大大小小的石块。 5. Although war caused great losses to this country, its cultural traditions did not perish.虽然战争给这个国家造成巨大的损失，但当地的文化传统并没有消亡。 6. To make space for modern high rises, many ancient buildings with ethnic cultural features had to be demolished.为了建筑现代化的高楼大厦，许多古老的，具有民族特色的建筑物都被拆毁了。 7. In the earthquake the main structures of most of the

高级英语第二册张汉熙课文翻译

第三课酒肆闲聊与标准英语人类的一切活动中，只有闲谈最宜于增进友谊，而且是人类特有的一种活动。动物之间的信息交流，不论其方式何等复杂，也是称不上交谈的。闲谈的引人人胜之处就在于它没有一个事先定好的话题。它时而迂回流淌，时而奔腾起伏，时而火花四射，时而热情洋溢，话题最终会扯到什么地方去谁也拿不准。要是有人觉得“有些话要说”，那定会大煞风景，使闲聊无趣。闲聊不是为了进行争论。闲聊中常常会有争论，不过其目的并不是为了说服对方。闲聊之中是不存在什么输赢胜负的。事实上，真正善于闲聊的人往往是随时准备让步的。也许他们偶然间会觉得该把自己最得意的奇闻轶事选出一件插进来讲一讲，但一转眼大家已谈到别处去了，插话的机会随之而失，他们也就听之任之。或许是由于我从小混迹于英国小酒馆的缘故吧，我觉得酒瞎里的闲聊别有韵味。酒馆里的朋友对别人的生活毫无了解，他们只是临时凑到一起来的，彼此并无深交。他们之中也许有人面临婚因破裂，或恋爱失败，或碰到别的什么不顺心的事儿，但别人根本不管这些。他们就像大仲马笔下的三个火枪手一样，虽然日夕相处，却从不过问彼此的私事，也不去揣摸别人内心的秘密。有一天晚上的情形正是这样。人们正漫无边际地东扯西拉，从最普通的凡人俗事谈到有关木星的科学趣闻。谈了半天也没有一个中心话题，事实上也不需要有一个中心话题。可突然间大伙儿的话题都集中到了一处，中心话题奇迹

般地出现了。我记不起她那句话是在什么情况下说出来的——她显然不是预先想好把那句话带到酒馆里来说的，那也不是什么非说不可的要紧话——我只知道她那句话是随着大伙儿的话题十分自然地脱口而出的。 “几天前，我听到一个人说‘标准英语’这个词语是带贬义的批评用语，指的是人们应该尽量避免使用的英语。” 此语一出，谈话立即热烈起来。有人赞成，也有人怒斥，还有人则不以为然。最后，当然少不了要像处理所有这种场合下的意见分歧一样，由大家说定次日一早去查证一下。于是，问题便解决了。不过，酒馆闲聊并不需要解决什么问题，大伙儿仍旧可以糊里糊涂地继续闲扯下去。告诉她“标准英语”应作那种解释的原来是个澳大利亚人。得悉此情，有些人便说起刻薄话来了，说什么囚犯的子孙这样说倒也不足为怪。这样，在五分钟内，大家便像到澳大利亚游览了一趟。在那样的社会里，“标准英语”自然是不受欢迎的。每当上流社会想给“规范英语”制订一些条条框框时，总会遭到下层人民的抵制。看看撒克逊农民与征服他们的诺曼底统治者之间的语言隔阂吧。于是话题又从19世纪的澳大利亚囚犯转到12世纪的英国农民。谁对谁错，并没有关系。闲聊依旧热火朝天。有人举出了一个人所共知，但仍值得提出来发人深思的例子。我们谈到饭桌上的肉食时用法语词，而谈到提供这些肉食的牲畜时则用盎格鲁一撒克逊词。猪圈里的活猪叫pig，饭桌上吃的猪肉便成了pork(来自法语pore)；地里放牧着的牛叫cattle，席上吃的牛肉则叫beef(来自法语boeuf)；Chicken用作肉食时变成poultry(来自法语poulet)；calf加工成肉则变成veal(来自法语

全新版大学英语3课后练习答案

一单元： 1.我们的计算机系统出了毛病，但我觉得问题比较小。 We have a problem with the computer system, but I think it’s fairly minor. 2.父亲去世时我还小，不能独立生活。在那时，家乡的父老接过了养育我的责任。My father died when I was too young to live on my own. The people of my hometown took over (responsibility for) my upbringing at that point. 3.这些玩具必得在达道严格的安全要求后才可出售给给儿童。 The toys have to meet strict/ tough safety requirements before they can be sold to children. 4.作为新闻和舆论的载体，广播和电视补充了而不是替代了报纸。 Radio and television have supplemented rather than replaced the newspaper as carriers of news and opinion. 5.至于这本杂志，它刊载世界各地许多报纸杂志上文章的摘要。 When it comes to this magazine, it is/ carries a digest of articles from many newspapers and magazines around the world. 二单元： 1.虽然受到全球金融危机后果的巨大影响，但是我们仍然相信我们能够面对挑战，克服危机。 Though greatly affected by the consequences of the global financial crisis, we are still confident that we can face up to the challenge and overcome the crisis. 2.在持续不断的沙尘暴威胁下，我们被迫离开我们喜爱的村庄，搬迁到新的地方Under threat of constant sand storms, we were compelled to leave our cherished village and move to the new settlement. 3.根据最近的网上调查，许多消费者说他们也许会有兴趣考虑购买电视广告中播放的产品。 According to a recent online survey, a lot of consumers say they may be motivated to consider buying products shown in TV commercials. 4.看到卡车司机把污染的废弃物倒在河边，老人马上向警方报告。 Having spotted a truck driver dumping contaminated waste alongside the river, the old man reported to the police at once. 5.一些科学家坚信人们总有一天会喜欢转基因农作物的，因为他们能够提高产量，帮助发展中国家战胜饥荒和疾病。 Some scientists hold to the firm conviction that people will come to like genetically modified crops someday since they can increase yields and help combat hunger and disease in the developing world.

(完整word版)高级英语第三版第二册张汉熙1-6,8课课后答案(2)

Lesson One 1.And it is an activity only of humans. And conversation is an activity found only among human beings. 2.Conversation is not for making a point. Conversation is not for persuading others to accept our ideas or points of views. 3.In fact, the best conversationalists are those who are prepared to lose. In fact , people who are good at conversation will not argue to win or force others to accept his ideas. 4.Bar friends are not deeply involved in each other’s lives. People who meet each other for a drink in the bar of a pub are not close friends for they are not deeply absorbed in each other’s private lives. 5.....it could still go ignorantly on ... The conversation could go on without anybody knowing who was right or wrong. 6.There are cattle in the fields ,but we sit down to beef. These animals are called cattle when they are alive and feed in the fields , but when we sit down at the table to eat, we call their meet beef. 7.The new ruling class had built a cultural barrier against him by building their French against his own language. The new ruling class by using French instead of English made it hard for the English to accept or absorb the culture of the rulers. 8.English had come royally into its own. English received proper recognition and was used by the King once more. 9.The phrase has always been used a little pejoratively and even facetiously by the lower classes. The phrase , the King’s English ,has always been used disrespectfully and jokingly by the lower classes.(The working people often mock the proper and formal language of the educated people.) 10.The rebellion against a cultural dominance is still there. As the early Saxon peasants , the working people still have a spirit of opposition to the cultural authority of the ruling class. 11.There is always a great danger that “ words will harden into things for us. “ There is always a great danger , as Carlyle put it , that we might forget that words are only symbols and take them for things they are supposed to represent. a.However intricate the ways in which animals communicate with each other, they do not indulge in anything that deserves the name of conversation. 不管动物之间的交流方式多么复杂，它们不能参与到称得上是交谈的任何活动中。 b.Argument may often be a part of it, but the purpose of the argument is not to convince. There is no winning in conversation. 争论会经常出现于交谈中，但争论的目的不是为了说服。交谈中没有胜负之说。 c.Perhaps it is because of my upbringing in English pubs that I think bar conversation has a charm of its own. 或许我从小就混迹于英国酒吧缘故，我认为酒吧里的闲聊别有韵味。 d.I do not remember what made one of our companions say it ---she clearly had not come into the bar to say it , it was not something that was pressing on her mind---but her remark fell quite naturally into the talk. 我不记得是什么使得我的一个同伴说起它来的---她显然不是来酒吧说这个的，这不是她事先想好的话题----但她的话相当自然地插入到了交谈中。 e.There is always resistance in the lower classes to any attempt by an upper class to lay down rules for “English as it should be spoken .” 下层社会总会抵制上层社会企图给“标准英语”制定得规则。