英美文学作品中的人名和寓意

英美人名有不少源自英美文学作品，其喻义在英美等国已是家喻户晓，即使没有读过该作品的人们，也会明白这些人名的喻义。其用法在写作与日常生活中也屡见不鲜，本文举例如下：

1．James Bond詹母斯·邦德；（喻）神通广大的人

源自英国著名悬念小说作家伊恩·弗莱明（Ian Fleming, 1908-1964）的长篇侦探小说。弗莱明以塑代号007的英国间谍詹母斯·邦德（James Bond）而蜚声全球，以邦德为主人公的长篇小说共13部，每一部都充满惊险、恐怖和国际间谍的阴谋。小说中的詹母斯·邦德机智英勇，武艺高超，神通广大，无所不能。

任何大案、难案他都能一一破获。James Bond现喻指“神通广大的人”。如：

(1) During the war he was sent on dangerous secret missions abroad. Very exciting! He was a sort of James Bond.战争期间他被派往国外执行危险而秘密的任务。真令人兴奋！他就像是个詹姆斯·邦德。

(2)Most of the applicants were weeded out early, including one 13-year-old aspiring James Bond.

多数申请人早已被筛掉，其中包括一位年仅13岁雄心勃勃的神童。

2．Jekyll and Hyde哲基尔和海德；（喻）有善恶双重人格者

源自英国著名冒险故事和散文作家斯蒂文森（Robert Louis Stevenson, 1850-1894）所著的道德寓意深刻的中篇小说《化身博士》（The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde）。哲基尔和海德（Jekyll and Hyde）为该小说中的主人公，服用自配药物可使自己在原来善良绅士Jekyll与凶残暴的Hyde之间往复蜕变。Jekyll and Hyde现喻指“有善恶双重人格者”。如：

（1）I’d never have expected him to behave like that; he’s a real Jekyll and Hyde.我从来没有想到

他会那样，他确实有善恶双重人格。

（2）He’s a strange chap. Usually he’s very pleasant and reasonable, but there are times when he gets very bad-tempered and almost violent. He’s got a Jekyll and Hyed personality.他这个家伙很怪。平常他十分友善讲理，但有时脾气很坏甚至粗暴。他具有善恶双重人格的个性。

3．Man Friday星期五来的人；（喻）忠实的仆人；得力的助手

源自英国小说家笛福（Daniel Defoe, 1669-1731）所著的长篇小说《鲁滨逊漂流记》（The Adventures of Robinson Grusoe）。由于船在海上失事，该小说的主人公鲁滨逊一个人在荒岛上度过了20多个春秋。在一个星期五，他救了一个土人俘虏，并收留他为佣人，取名为“星期五”。此后，土人星期五成了鲁滨逊

的忠实仆人和助手。Man Friday现喻指“忠仆”。如：

（1）He’s very practical. What he needs is someone to look after him and do everything for him. He needs a Man Friday.他很讲实用。他就是需要人照顾他，并且为他做一切。他需要一个忠实的仆人。

（2）I could never have started this business if my friend John had not been willing to act as my Man Friday. 如果没有我的朋友约翰心甘情愿地做我的忠实帮手，这个商店我是办不起来的。

4．Mrs Grundy格伦迪太太；（喻）苛求、挑剔之人

源自英国剧作家托马斯·莫顿（Thomas Morton, 1764-1838）所著的喜剧《加快耕耘》（Speed the Plough）。格伦迪太太（Mrs Grundy）是虚构的人物，在剧中从未出过场，但其邻居阿希斐尔德（Ash field）太太经常念叨，事事怕她挑剔，现喻指“拘泥世俗、事事挑剔他人的人”。如：

（1）What will Mrs Grundy say?人家会怎么说呢？

（2）He decided to carry on his plan in spite of what Mrs Grundy will say.他不管人家会说什么，他

决意按自己的计划干。

5．Paul pry保罗·普赖；（喻）非常爱打听别人隐私的人

源自英国作家约翰·蒲尔（John Poole, 1786-1872）所作的同名喜剧《保罗·普赖》（Paul pry）。剧中主人公保罗·普赖（Paul pryk）没有职业，整日无所事事，游手好闲，好管闲事，尤其爱打听别人的隐私。英语中Pry—词常含贬义，意为“打听、探听（他人的私事）”。Paul Pry现喻指“非常爱打听别人隐私的人”。

如：

（1）They don’t want any Pa ul Prys.他们不要任何“包打听”。

（2）Don’t say too much in the club about your affairs, there are one or two of the Paul Pry type here.在俱乐部里对自己的事别说得太多，因为这里有那么一、两个好干涉他人私事的保罗·普赖式的人物。

6．Peter Pan彼得·潘；（喻）不肯长大的男孩；天真而幼稚的成年人

源自英国剧作家和小说家巴里（James M. Barrie, 1860-1937）所著的同名剧《彼得·潘》（Peter Pan）。剧中主人公彼得·潘（Peter Pan）是一个跑人了人迹罕至的仙境而永不长大的少年，又称“一个永远长不大的孩子”，他是不能适应成人世界的人。Peter Pan现喻指“不肯长大的男孩”或“天真无邪的成人”。如：

（1）He still has very youthful enthusiasms, and he’s as slim and fit as he was 20 years ago. He’s a Peter Pan indeed.他仍然具有年轻人的热情，并且像20年前一样身材修长而结实。他真是个永远长不大的

男孩。

（2）You’re married to a Peter Pan who absolutely will refuse to escape from the comfortable irresponsible stage of childhood.你和一个彼得·潘式的人物结了婚，他将坚决拒绝脱离无忧无虑、不承担责

任的童年时代。

7．Pip Van Winkle瑞普·凡·温克尔；（喻）落后、守旧的人；嗜睡的人

源自美国作家华盛顿·欧文（Washington Lrving, 1783-1859）所著的同名小说《瑞普·凡·温克尔》（Rip Van Winkle）。主人公瑞普·凡·温克尔（Rip Van Winkle）。主人公瑞普·凡·温克尔（Rip Van Winkle）为避开性格凶焊的妻子藏身在卡茨基尔（Catskill）山中，一睡就是20年，醒来后却发现一切面目全非，妻子已故，住屋成为废墟。Rip Van Winkle现喻指“落后、守旧的人”或“嗜睡的人”。如：

（1）This is the opinion of some Rip van Winkle.这是一些不识时务者的意见。

（2）Come on, Rip Van Winkle, wake up! It’s nearly lunch-time.快点，瑞普·凡·温克尔，醒醒吧！几

乎是吃午饭的时间了。

8．Robin Hood罗宾汉；（喻）急公好义者

源自英国中世纪的民间传说。罗宾汉（Robin Hood）盘踞森林，以抑强扶弱及清除贪污吏为宗旨。他对穷苦人和被压迫者及妇女能以礼相待，见义勇为，是个扶危救困、劫富济贫的绿林好汉。Robin Hook

现喻指“急公好义者”。如：

（1）Well, yes, he was a criminal and he stole a lot of money, but he helped a lot of people with it. He was a bit of a Robin Hood.暖，是的，他是个罪犯，偷了很多钱。但是他用那些钱帮助了不少人。他多

少像个罗宾汉。

（2）But don’t conclude from this that OPEC has become an international Robin Hood, robbing the wealthy in New York, Paris and Tokyo so that hungry nations may eat.但不要由此得出结论，认为石油输出国组织已变成国际罗宾汉，抢掳纽约、巴黎和东京的富者，好让饥饿的国家吃个饱。

9．Robinson Crusce鲁滨逊；（喻）离群索居的人

源自英国小说家笛福（Daniel Defoe, 1669-1731）所著的长篇小说《鲁滨逊漂流记》（The Adventures of Robinson Crusoe）。小说中的主人公鲁滨逊（Robinson Crusoe）厌恶平庸的生活，到海外去冒险闯荡而遇险，最后幸存在查无人烟的孤岛上。他孤独地在小岛上过了20多年原始人的生活，后遇船拾救，才得以返回多年原始人的生活，后遇船拾救，才得以返回英国。Robinson Crusoe现喻指“离群索居的人”或“与

世隔绝的人”。如：

（1）This old man likes to live far away from people and is called a Robinson Crusoe，这个老头喜

欢住在远离人群的地方，人们称他为离群索居的人。

（2）There are time when most of us would like to escape from all the pressures of city life and live a more simple, basic kind of Robinson Crusoe existence.有时候我们大多数人群都想逃避城市生活的压

力，去过一种更简单、基本的鲁滨逊式的生活。

10．Scrooge斯克鲁奇；（喻）吝啬鬼

源自英国小说家钬更斯（Charles Dickens, 1812-1870）所著的小说《圣诞颂歌》（A Christmas Carol）。斯克鲁奇（Scrooge）在小说中是一他令人憎恨的老吝啬鬼。Scrooge现喻指“吝啬鬼”、“守财奴”

如：

（1）Come on! I’ve never met anyone so reluctant to spend money, you Scrooge!得了吧，你这个吝啬鬼！我从来还没有遇到过一个如此不愿花钱的人。

（2）He is too much of a Scrooge to contribute to the church fund. 他是个十足的吝啬鬼，不会捐

钱给教会基金。

11．Sherlock Holmes歇洛克·福尔摩斯；（喻）神探

源自英国作家阿瑟·柯南·道尔爵士（Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, 1859-1930）所著的一系列侦探小说。柯南·道尔爵士在小说中塑造的主人公歇洛克·福尔摩斯（Sherlock Holmes），一生行善，机智勇敢，足智多谋，出类拔萃。他勇于冒险，常常废寝忘食，深入现场和虎穴进行侦察。不论案情多么错综复杂，他都能正确判断破案，是一名推理能力极强的私家大侦探。Sherlock Holmes或Sherlock现喻指“神探”。如：

（1）Who is the Sherlock who can tell me where my pen is?谁是福尔摩斯能告诉我，我的笔在哪

里？

（2）How on earth did you guess his nationality, occupation and all those other things about him just from his appearance? You’re a proper Sherlock Holmes.你到底是怎样仅从他的外表猜出他的国籍、职业和所有其他有关情况的呢？你完全是个歇洛克·福尔摩斯。

12．Shylock夏洛克；（喻）狠毒无情的放高利贷者；贪得无厌的人

源自英国戏剧作家莎士比亚（William Shakespeare, 1564-1616）。的喜剧《威尼比亚在商人》（The Merchant of Venice）。莎士比亚在剧中塑造的人物夏洛克（Shylock）是一个狠毒无情的放高利贷者。威尼斯商人安东尼奥为成全好友的婚事，向夏洛克借钱，并签订了一个“到期不还割肉一磅”的契约。不料安东尼奥的船队出海逾期未归，不能如期还债，被告受审。法庭上夏洛克被告知，割一磅肉既不能多也不少能少，更不能流血，结果夏洛克败诉。Shy-lock现喻指“狠毒无情的放高利贷者”或“贪得无厌的人”。如：

（1）Many took to gambling and got in over their heads, borrowing from Shylock to pay their debts.

许多人染上了赌博恶习，愈陷愈深，不能自拔，于是向高利贷者贷者借钱还债。

（2）I don’t tike him, a sort of Shylock.我不喜欢他，一个贪得无厌的人。

13．Uncle Tom汤姆叔叔；（喻）逆来顺受的黑人，对白人府首贴耳的黑人

源自美国女作家斯托（Harriet Bleacher Stowe, 1811-1896）所著的长篇小说《汤姆叔叔的小屋》（Uncle Tom’s Cabin）。该书在启发美国民众的反奴隶制情绪方面起过重大作用，被列为美国内战的起因之一。小说中的主人公汤姆叔叔（Uncle Tom）是个屈从于命运的黑人奴隶。他一生逆来顺受，受尽折磨，毫无怨言，直至死亡。Uncle Tom现喻指“逆来顺受的黑人”、“对白人俯首贴耳的黑人”或“像汤姆叔叔一样听命于自白人，逆来顺受；奴颜媚骨地讨好别人”。如：

（1）…Some of them are regular Uncle Toms. ……他们中有些人是十足的对白人卑躬屈膝的黑人。

（2）I didn’t sell out or Uncle Tom when I became famous.我出名时既没有出卖过朋友，也没有奴

颜媚骨地讨好过别人。

注：该句中有名词Uncle Tom转化为动词，转义为“诌媚奉迎”。

14．Walter Mitty沃尔特·米蒂；（喻）耽于幻想而无所作为的人

源自美国作家詹姆士·瑟伯（James Thurber, 1894-1961）的著名短篇小说《沃尔特·米蒂的秘密生活》（The Secret Life of Walter Mitty）。詹姆士·瑟伯在小说中塑造了一个专做白日梦的人物活尔特·米蒂（Where Mitty）。他是一个胆怯怕老婆的人，专做白日梦，从中寻找安慰和平衡。他有时梦见自己当上海军指挥官，有时梦见自己成为外科医生，有时又梦见自己成了杀人凶手。Walter Mitty现喻指“耽于幻想而

无所作为的人”。如：

（1）At school she live in a Walter Mitty world of adventerd.在学校，她生活在梦幻探险的世界中。

（2）He sounds very impressive when he talks about his adventures and achievements, but it’s all fantasy. He’s a Walter Mitty character.他谈到他的历险记和成绩时，听起来很感人，但去都是幻想。他是

个耽于幻想而无所作为的人。

自考英美文学选读要点总结整理出考点26位作家完整教学内容

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英美文学选读试题详解4

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英美文学名著选读选择

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英美文学作品选读考试4

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Beowalf:the only organic whole poem to come out of the period. the first major English poem and the greatest work of literature of the period; the first long epic poem in Europe written in the vernacular language. (probably) the greatest epic left by the ancient Germanic tribes; The most ancient epic since the demise of the Greek and Roman literatures. Definition:A Ballad is a narrative poem that tells a story.(The Robin Hood Ballads) Chaucer:the founder of English poetry. Chaucer’s contribution to English poetry lies chiefly in the fact that he introduced from France the rhymed stanzas of various types, especially rhymed couplet of iambic pentametre to English poetry, instead of the old Anglo-Saxon alliterative verse. He is the first great poet who wrote in the current English language. His production of so much excellent poetry was an important factor in establishing English as the literary language of the country. The significance of the The Canterbury T ales:1.it gives a comprehensive picture of Chaucer’s time2.the dramatic structure of the poem has been highly commended by critics .stories are cleverly woven together by links between the stories .stories are related to the personalities of the tellers3.Chaucer’s humour .Chaucer “the smyler with the knyf under the cloke”4.Chaucer’s contribution to the English language .He wrote in the London dialect to prove that English language is a beautiful language and can be handled to express different moods .Thus increased the prestige of eh English language. T omas More:Utopia. Edmund Spencer:The Shepherds Calendar/The Fairy Queen. Christopher Marlowe:The most prominent of the university wits. (Tamburlaine the Great/The tragic history of doctor Faustus) Francis Bacon:founder of English materialist philosophy. (Conciseness、Brevity、clearness、precision、Forcefulness) John Donne:the founder of the Metaphysical school of poetry.(The Flea). Comments on John Donne:1)In his life time, he exerted a measure of influence that none of his contemporaries ever dreamt of having.2)He was to Ben Johnson “the first poet f the world in some things”3)His poems are uneven in quality. John Milton:(Paradise Lost/Paradise Regained/Samson Agonistes.) God: somewhat ruthless and tynnical.Satan: The real hero of the poem. Satan represented the spirit of rebellion against unjust authority. Adam and Eve: embodying Milton’s belief in the powers of man.The Importance of John Milton:1) He was the third greatest English poet after Chaucer and Shakespeare, and the greatest to come out of the 17th century. He made a strong influence on the later English poetry. Every progressive English poet since Milton has drawn inspiration from him.2) He wrote the greatest epic in English literature.3) He was a master of the blank verse, first used blank verse in non-dramatic works. 4) H e was a great stylist, and famous for his grand style. John Bunyan: Puritan writer of prose.(The Pilgrim’s Progress(Allegory)) Jonathan Swift:(Gulliver’s Travels).Comments on Jonathan Swift:1)Swift is one of the realist writers. His realism is quite different from Defoe's. Defoe's stories are based upon the reality of human life, while Swift's come from imagination.2)Swift is a great satirist. His satire is apparent and powerful.3)Swift is one of the greatest masters of English prose. His language is simple, clear and vigorous. Daniel Defoe:The forerunner of English realistic novel.(Robinson Crusoe/Moll Flanders)