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柴油发动机喷射系统外文文献翻译、中英文翻译、外文翻译

柴油发动机喷射系统外文文献翻译、中英文翻译、外文翻译
柴油发动机喷射系统外文文献翻译、中英文翻译、外文翻译

喷油压力以及喷油率。

1 Injection System Development

Any fuel oil supply system is the most basic function is to supply enough fuel to each cylinder in through this way and the suction air mixing and combustion of course burning as completely as possible. Along with the increase of vehicle emission requirements of the more precise control of become very necessary. Fuel oil supply system should not only change the cycle oil at the same time to change the injection timing and fuel injection location. In the mid - 90 - s carburetor type gasoline engine performance also can achieve the basic requirements of the technology is the natural oil, and the air in front of the intake manifold combination as the inlet valve opens can however mixture flows through the intake manifold suction cylinder after but the technique in the aspect of control is not accurate. Carburetor after a lot of improvement in view of the target first is perfect to control each cylinder mixture high amount of concentration and the second is to overcome the system inertia operation point is once again available to complete a mixture of good and full fuel combustion. Reach the emission standard stipulated in the emission regulations need to ternary catalytic converters so regulations introduced a carburetor into to history. Effective operation should be should be control can be natural mixture concentration is in most cases the concentration near the theory air-fuel ratio control. The fuel injection has become mandatory. Europe did not adopt the early solution to the fuel in the throat spray but devoted to the development in each cylinder to install a fuel injector independent injection technology. All fuel injector synchronization technology in the early 90 s more common but when equipped with timing optimization technology and emissions of some requirements must be a lot by using this method. Since then to solve the problem which should be referred to the technology development direction. Solution appear constantly fuel economy and low emission driving forward the European emissions regulations. Through improving the thermal efficiency of the compression ratios to improve any solution as long as the emission standard is as feasible. From the fuel system point of view that will make gasoline direct injection technology to focus on cutting edge. The technology widely attention was first after solved make efficient lean combustion engine work in the empty but than the circumference of 501 or more thin cases, smooth operation. Even without a high compression ratio, however, it involves the control program of the system is a complex deal with direct injection technology also has two special advantages, evaporation of fuel in the cylinders explosion resulted

from a possibility to improve the cooling effect of it to improve compression ratio by 111 or 121 or higher, and the accuracy of the fuel injection in cylinder with all modern vortex and air mixture in the engine on the type of the ability to potentially wrote to increase thermal efficiency.

The development of diesel engine is more than 100 years old and its technical development can be divided into three stages. First stage: in the mid - 1920 - s represented by Germany Bosch company mechanical injection system to replace the accumulator type oil supply system, the application in vehicle diesel engine is generated. Phase two: exhaust turbo-charging technology in the early 1950s laid the foundation for its power plant in the industry. Third stage: since 80 s, modern microcomputer as electric control technology application in diesel engine electronic control unit (ECU), there will be a modern advanced the emergence and development of electric control system of automotive diesel engine, the diesel engine in performance, fuel economy, emissions and noise index has a strong competitive ability. Only in 1993, Germany Bosch company electric distribution pump and electric inline pump in the market has more than 250000 Taiwan, the United States Detroit diesel engine company DDEC electric pump nozzle system produced more than 100000 units, there are some Japanese company produces the variable in the process of the trip TICS inline pump has reached more than 20000, most of them are electronically controlled. Other companies such as Caterpillar, Nippon, Denso, and Denso, Germany, have conducted research on the common rail fuel injection system, which has been put into production. So far, countries have developed and produced various diesel electronic control systems, effectively alleviating the current world energy crisis and automobile pollution. The level of diesel electric control technology in some developed countries is now quite advanced. At present the home in the United States by 100%, 90% light vehicle diesel engine using heavy trucks, European diesel car in car ownership more than 40%, more than 50% new car production. Bosch's conservative forecast is for the Chinese market, in 2015, the proportion of diesel vehicles can reach 25%, and by 2015 according to some articles on the same light vehicles and passenger cars, in the United States market share of diesel will increase to about 15%. The electronic control technology of diesel engines can be divided into three stages: (1) the initial development phase of the 1970s, when the electric control was mainly used in diesel engines for generators. (2) in the 1980s, a variety of location-control and time-controlled electric spraying systems were developed for the practical stage, and the controlled quantity was also developed from one of the original ones. (3) in the 1990s, a more powerful electric system could control the flow of oil, timing, oil pressure and fuel injection.

注:1. 指导教师对译文进行评阅时应注意以下几个方面:①翻译的外文文献与毕业设计(论文)的主题是否高度相关,并作为外文参考文献列入毕业设计(论文)的参考文献;②翻译的外文文献字数是否达到规定数量(3 000字以上);③译文语言是否准确、通顺、具有参考价值。

2. 外文原文应以附件的方式置于译文之后。

红外数据通信技术外文翻译文献

红外数据通信技术外文翻译文献(文档含中英文对照即英文原文和中文翻译) Infrared Remote Control System Abstract Red outside data correspondence the technique be currently within the scope of world drive extensive usage of a kind of wireless conjunction technique, drive numerous hardware and software platform support. Red outside the transceiver product have cost low, small scaled turn, the baud rate be quick, point to point SSL, be free from electromagnetism thousand Raos

etc. characteristics, can realization information at dissimilarity of the product fast, convenience, safely exchange and transmission, at short distance wireless deliver aspect to own very obvious of advantage. Along with red outside the data deliver a technique more and more mature, the cost descend, red outside the transceiver necessarily will get at the short distance communication realm more extensive of application. The purpose that design this system is transmit customer’s operation information with infrared rays for transmit media, then demodulate original signal with receive circuit. It use coding chip to modulate signal and use decoding chip to demodulate signal. The coding chip is PT2262 and decoding chip is PT2272. Both chips are made in Taiwan. Main work principle is that we provide to input the information for the PT2262 with coding keyboard. The input information was coded by PT2262 and loading to high frequent load wave whose frequent is 38 kHz, then modulate infrared transmit dioxide and radiate space outside when it attian enough power. The receive circuit receive the signal and demodulate original information. The original signal was decoded by PT2272, so as to drive some circuit to accomplish customer’s operation demand. Keywords: Infrared dray;Code;Decoding;LM386;Red outside transceiver 1 Introduction 1.1 research the background and significance Infrared Data Communication Technology is the world wide use of a wireless connection technology, by the many hardware and software platforms supported. Is a data through electrical pulses and infrared optical pulse switch between the wireless data transceiver technology.

土木工程类专业英文文献及翻译

PA VEMENT PROBLEMS CAUSED BY COLLAPSIBLE SUBGRADES By Sandra L. Houston,1 Associate Member, ASCE (Reviewed by the Highway Division) ABSTRACT: Problem subgrade materials consisting of collapsible soils are com- mon in arid environments, which have climatic conditions and depositional and weathering processes favorable to their formation. Included herein is a discussion of predictive techniques that use commonly available laboratory equipment and testing methods for obtaining reliable estimates of the volume change for these problem soils. A method for predicting relevant stresses and corresponding collapse strains for typical pavement subgrades is presented. Relatively simple methods of evaluating potential volume change, based on results of familiar laboratory tests, are used. INTRODUCTION When a soil is given free access to water, it may decrease in volume, increase in volume, or do nothing. A soil that increases in volume is called a swelling or expansive soil, and a soil that decreases in volume is called a collapsible soil. The amount of volume change that occurs depends on the soil type and structure, the initial soil density, the imposed stress state, and the degree and extent of wetting. Subgrade materials comprised of soils that change volume upon wetting have caused distress to highways since the be- ginning of the professional practice and have cost many millions of dollars in roadway repairs. The prediction of the volume changes that may occur in the field is the first step in making an economic decision for dealing with these problem subgrade materials. Each project will have different design considerations, economic con- straints, and risk factors that will have to be taken into account. However, with a reliable method for making volume change predictions, the best design relative to the subgrade soils becomes a matter of economic comparison, and a much more rational design approach may be made. For example, typical techniques for dealing with expansive clays include: (1) In situ treatments with substances such as lime, cement, or fly-ash; (2) seepage barriers and/ or drainage systems; or (3) a computing of the serviceability loss and a mod- ification of the design to "accept" the anticipated expansion. In order to make the most economical decision, the amount of volume change (especially non- uniform volume change) must be accurately estimated, and the degree of road roughness evaluated from these data. Similarly, alternative design techniques are available for any roadway problem. The emphasis here will be placed on presenting economical and simple methods for: (1) Determining whether the subgrade materials are collapsible; and (2) estimating the amount of volume change that is likely to occur in the 'Asst. Prof., Ctr. for Advanced Res. in Transp., Arizona State Univ., Tempe, AZ 85287. Note. Discussion open until April 1, 1989. To extend the closing date one month,

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旅游管理专业论文外文文献翻译

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通信工程项目毕业材料外文翻译

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